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立场文件范文范文一 Delegate: Wang Shichen School: Shanghai Xiangming High School Country: Algeria Committee: Economy and Social Council Topic: International migration Nowadays, along with the rapid growth and development of economy and science, international migration ...

立场文件范文
范文一 Delegate: Wang Shichen School: Shanghai Xiangming High School Country: Algeria Committee: Economy and Social Council Topic: International migration Nowadays, along with the rapid growth and development of economy and science, international migration has become a complex issue. Most countries worldwide, ranging from North Africa countries like Algeria to Asia countries, are concerning about the problem which touches on many other important and relevant national and international topic, including refugees, human rights, racial conflicts and the undeniable gap between developed and developing countries. In recent years, the phenomenon is turning more serious with the continually increasing population of international migrates. Not be protected by the countries they traveled to, the migrates also are not sufficiently protected by any international laws, and still no conventional agreement has been launched. Regarding the international migration affair, the international community has launched a number of initiatives and measures to tackle this problem in recent several decades and progress has been made. Established in 1951, International Organization for Migration (IOM) is the leading inter-governmental organization in the field of migration and works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental partners. With 122 member states, a further 18 states holding observer status and offices in over 100 countries, IOM is dedicated to promoting humane and orderly migration for the benefit of all. IOM works to help ensure the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need, including refugees and internally displaced people. The UN also recognizes the link between migration and economic, social and cultural development, as well as to the right of freedom of movement. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, proclaimed in 1948, is a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations which has made great efforts on human right protection. It calls for all the nations, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. As a member of the Union of the Arab Maghreb which was established in 1989 within other four African countries, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania , Algeria focus on the human trafficking problem ,and human rights issue. The Algeria government wants to emphasize the importance of skilled migrants to every country, especially developing countries like Algeria. The situation of brain drain becomes more serious these years and deprives developing countries of much-needed doctors, scientists, professors and other skilled workers. Algeria desires more skilled workers coming back to their motherland and help establish a new society of their own country. Also, Algeria suggests more countries have the signatures of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families to have further actions on human rights protection. Recognizing the progress made by certain States on a regional or bilateral basis towards the protection of the rights of migrant workers and members of their families, as well as the importance and usefulness of bilateral and multilateral agreements in this field, Algeria is willing to see a better and appropriate environment to the migrants and their families. In order to fight against these problems in the international migration, nations in Africa must work together to build a community to these problems. As such, Algeria is looking forward to working in close cooperation with members in African Union and sharing the experiences in improving the situation of the migration. Algeria also expects to be able to cooperate with the developed countries and commonly protect the human rights of both the legal and irregular migrants as well as the refugees. With the joint efforts, a better environment for the migrants is predictable. References: <1> International Organization for Migration http://www.iom.int/jahia/jsp/index.jsp <2> Universal Declaration of Human Rights http://www.un.org/ <3> the Union of the Arab Maghreb http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-07/10/content_964900.htm <4> the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families http://www.hrea.org/erc/Library/display.php?doc_id=558&category_id=32&category_type=3&group=Human%20rights%20treaties%20and%20other%20instruments 范文二 代 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf :曹心怡 学校:华东师范大学第二附属中学 国家:美国 委员会:国际难民署 议题:伊拉克难民问题 伊拉克冲突可以说人尽皆知,而伊拉克难民的人道主义危机却被严重忽视。伊拉克难民人数的迅速增加严重威胁着地区稳定,如果国际社会再不采取行动,危机将愈演愈烈,甚至有失控危险。伊拉克难民的人道主义危机严重,而且伊拉克难民的大量涌入给邻国造成沉重的社会和经济负担,威胁地区稳定。要有效解决伊拉克难民问题,需要世界各国的援助,更需要联合国难民署的积极行动和协调。 对于伊拉克难民问题,联合国难民署已在伊朗和伊拉克边境地区伊朗一侧建成了3座难民营,准备接收来自伊拉克的难民。联合国难民署还宣布,为了收容更多因可能发生的战争而出逃的伊拉克难民,难民署正在与伊朗合作,准备建造另外10座难民营。同时,联合国难民署将先在伊北部库尔德人居住区以及伊南部城市巴士拉开展工作,因为那里有很多试图逃往伊朗的伊拉克难民。在此之后,难民署有关人员再进驻巴格达。 美国政府认为,国际社会在伊拉克问题上对美国存在一定的误会。美国要强调的是,美国发动伊拉克战争,目的在于“解除伊拉克武装,恢复伊拉克人民自由”。 伊拉克战争将几百万伊拉克人从萨达姆的统治下“解放了”出来,使得中东地区变得更加稳定和更加安全,这场战争同时还使美国免遭恐怖袭击而变得更加安全。布什总统在发动伊拉克战争时曾经这样告诉伊拉克人:“在我们的联军剥夺了萨达姆政府的权力之后,我们将向你们提供你们所需要的药品和食品,我们将彻底摧毁恐怖机器,我们将帮助你们建设一个繁荣自由的新伊拉克。” 因此,美国政府在伊拉克难民问题上也做出了很大的努力,并将给予接收伊拉克难民的约旦和叙利亚等国家更多援助。 此外,在伊拉克,平均每3人中就有一人经常喝不上干净的水,在医疗体系几近崩溃的情况下,许多营养不良的儿童被并不严重的疾病夺去了生命。因此,医疗卫生问题应当成为援助的关键。美国呼吁各国重视这一严重的问题,并积极采取行动。 在伊拉克难民的问题上,美国政府有一个基本责任去为那些流离失所的伊拉克人提供人道主义援助。美国会给自2003年伊拉克战争后为美国服务和工作一年以上的伊拉克难民颁发特别移民签证,美国国务院将向伊拉克派遣官员加速伊拉克难民的审批工作。同时,美国将任命一位专职负责伊拉克难民事务的官员,以加快伊拉克难民在美国的申请和安置工作。 与此同时,美国政府认为,伊拉克难民问题不仅是伊拉克战争所带来的,更是目前的众多恐怖主义袭击的惨痛后果。同时,伊拉克内部的种族矛盾和各种冲突也是导致难民增加的重要原因。因此,美国坚决反对恐怖主义,反对种族矛盾,作为崇尚自由的国家,美国会尽最大的力量对受到此类威胁的伊拉克难民给予援助,更希望印尼、马来西亚、波斯湾各国、埃及和约旦等地的温和的穆斯林联合起来共同反对极端主义和恐怖主义。国际社会应当团结一心,帮助伊拉克度过难关,让伊拉克难民获得自由与解放。  对于目前伊拉克难民流离失所的问题,美国政府向委员会和各国呼吁: · 伊拉克周边国家(尤其是接收伊拉克难民最多的国家,也就是叙利亚和约旦)能够得到国际社会的物质支持,为难民提供庇护所,从而能够应对大批难民给它们的经济和社会带去的各种挑战。 · 西方国家积极采取行动,帮助伊拉克周边国家,尽量分散伊拉克难民,让他们得到更好的安顿和发展。 · 各国(尤其是发达国家)加强国际合作、整合可利用资源,向伊难民提供卫生保健等基本的医疗保障,防止疾病的肆虐,组织医务工作者到难民区进行义务看病。 · 各国(尤其是农业发达的国家)应向伊难民提供食品、安全饮用水等基本的生活保障,与此同时加强救助行动的协调,针对国家的情况分配不同的援助物资,让各国都献出自己的力量。 · 国际社会团结起来,在同一战线上,反对恐怖主义威胁,对于任何恐怖主义行动,都要坚决打击和遏制,共同消灭恐怖组织。 · 对于伊拉克内部的种族冲突,各国应给予关注,并在相应的时候给予援助和调解。 · 各难民接受国应保护难民权利,使其融入当地社会,避免种族歧视现象,并在局势稳定后让难民重返故乡。 美国政府在伊拉克难民问题上坚信,伊拉克人民的自由是全世界最希望看到的,美国相信伊拉克人民有权利也有能力享受人类的自由,也可以在整个中东地区建立一个重要、和平、自治国家的典范。况且美国每年接受的难民占了世界各国接受难民定居人数的一半,因此美国也希望和其他国家一道,在这一地区推进自由和和平,支持国际难民署的各种援助活动。这个目标不可能在一夜之间实现,它需要时间。人类自由的力量和对它的渴望体现在每个人身上,体现在每个国家身上,自由的伟大力量将会化解仇恨和暴力,让每个人都全身心地追求和平。这就是美国的选择。 范文三 代表:曹心怡 学校:华东师范大学第二附属中学 国家:美国 委员会:国际难民署 议题:印度洋海啸后的难民问题 印度洋海啸不仅造成了大比例的经济损失,而且由于人口密集,产生了大量的受灾人群,从而涌现了十几万难民。印度洋海啸过后,受灾国的基础设施、通讯设施、供电系统、供水系统以及机场全部被破坏,社会秩序和生活一度陷于瘫痪状态。而由于灾难本身的破坏性和人们心里的恐惧感,大量的人民无家可归并开始外套,于是产生了巨大的难民潮,并有愈演愈烈之势。因此,国际难民署应充分关注这一现象。 美国政府在印度洋海啸后的难民问题上坚信,只有人道主义援助才是解决难民问题的关键。 2004年12月27日,联合国向印尼等亚洲国家派遣了灾害评估和救灾协调工作组,美国、日本、澳大利亚和印度组成了救灾“核心集团”,在此次海啸后作出了较大的贡献。截止到2005年1月5日,美国最终确定援助款项为3.5亿美元,世界卫生组织向受灾严重地区运送了大批纯净水设备,世界银行也拿出了2.5亿美元作为第一笔无偿援助。国际社会的“慷慨解囊”让美国政府感到很欣慰。 美国政府认为,各国在接受和援助难民的同时也应关注到受灾国灾后重建的问题。因为对难民的人道主义援助只能安抚灾后短时期内人们的恐慌心理,而为了让难民最后重返自己的家园,世界各国都应从经济或技术上支援受灾国,受灾国也应充分利用本国原有的较完善的应付意外灾难的机构,与援助国共同重建和发展受灾地区。 美国政府强调,世界各国在进行援助时应提供切实可行的办法和 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 ,进行有效的援助,而非仅仅进行无意义的呼吁。接受难民的国家须形成承载意愿并提高承载能力,从而避免难民抵达后产生的种族宗教矛盾和冲突。  基于印度洋海啸后所产生了各方面的的难民问题,美国政府向委员会和各国呼吁: · 在不干涉内政的前提下建立一个印度洋海啸难民问题工作组,对各国的援助物资根据受灾情况进行合理的分配,对物资的落实和有效使用进行监督,从而最优化地规划配制各种国际援助。 · 重视受灾国灾后的传染病问题,派遣国际援助队进行医疗援助,从而防止传染病的大规模爆发,安抚人心,稳定政局,避免大规模的难民的产生或者外流。 · 各国应提供紧急援助和金融保障,以保持物价的稳定,和基本生活水平的维持,并向受灾国政府提供切实可行的办法和方案。 · 有实力的国家为受灾国家在海水淡化方面提供技术支持,让受灾国自行解决缺乏淡水的问题,这样也有助于其未来的发展。 · 各难民接受国应重视难民所带来的种族宗教安全问题。 美国政府在印度洋海啸后的难民问题上始终保持自己鲜明的立场,认为世界各国首先应重视这个问题,更重要的是要同美国等国家一样用实际行动积极参与人道主义援助。印度洋海啸是不可预料的天灾,每个国家都不希望这样的灾难发生在本国身上,因此当各国都换位思考,就会感到对受灾国进行援助的重要性和必要性。在面临这样的困难时,国际社会应用同样的态度对待受灾的难民,以宽容的胸怀接纳他们,为他们创造一个幸福的大家园。 范文四 Delegate: Mao Ziyi School: Xiangming High School Country: Madagascar Committee: General Assembly (GA) Topic: The global warming problem When the first settlers landed on Madagascar on the African Continent, they felt astonished- vast rain forests, rivers flowing among the mountains, and unknown animals. In spite of the rich nature resources, Madagascar is one of the world’s most underdeveloped countries besetting by poverty, diseases and environmental crisis by the 1990s. The climate change is an important reason. 100,000 people died of malaria in Madagascar heights in 1988, and the global warming should be blamed because it leaded to the outbreak of infections. It also causes the water shortage in this area, and it raises a vicious circle, not only in Madagascar but also in the whole world. The United Nations plays a significant role in the fight against global warming. In November 1988, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) jointly established a government International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It promoted the ‘United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’ in 1992 and the ‘Kyoto Protocol’ in1997. The UNEP also has a general estimate on polities to agricultural trades and biological diversity in Madagascar. Madagascar Government now is applying itself to promote environmental awareness as well as techniques of environmental protection, civil society, education and business. Although the natural ecosystems in Madagascar have the feature of biological diversity, no matter climates or animals and plants, now they are threatened by rapid growth of population and extremely poor living conditions.During the 2003 World Parks Congress in Durban, South Africa, HEM Marc Ravalomanana, and President of Madagascar announced an environmental protection plan that would triple the current protected area surface in Madagascar. The Government now is continuing to carry out the regulations in Law of National Environment to stop the actions which destroy the natural resources strictly and to cooperate with the nature. The very problem we are now facing is the shortage of funds and technological supports.We are trying to improve the proportion of the Government environmental expenditures in the national economy as a whole, however, we hope that the developed countries can cut off developing countries debts and provide more training programs like new exploitation methods or water resources development. Madagascar is also looking for the cooperation with countries in Africa Union or developed countries, which can make the most of or revolute the main economic sources like tourism, agriculture, light industry, mining, etc. to stimulate economic development and deal with urgent financial and living problems. Madagascar will be responsible to take approaches to protect national unique ecosystem and previous species, such as giving more attention to propagation by government, building protection areas or decreasing the disposal of pollutants. We need the assistance from the international organization. We also hope that the UN can react on climatic problems and give caution and assistance to developing countries. The suggestions of the Madagascar government are as follows: Speed up environmental protection plans and enhance the awareness of the importance of environmental protection in the country in 5 years. Improve and perfect relating laws and import talents to protect local forests and rare animals and plants. Request for the assistance from international organizations. Program main local economic sources like tourism, agriculture, light industry, mining, etc, to economic development and strengthen the abilities of national environmental protection. Sigh the trade treaty and tariff treaty with countries which share a common purpose. Come to an understanding with Africa Union countries and reach further cooperation. Solicit financial and technologic aids from developed countries and strive after reducing debts, and look after the way to develop and advancement on the basis of solving the urgent problems on environment In order to fight against the problems in environment, nations in Africa must work together to build a community to environment problems. As such, Madagascar is looking forward to working in close cooperation with members in African Union and sharing the experiences and techniques in improving the eco-construction and the eco-environment.Madagascar also expects to be able to cooperate with the developed countries and commonly protect the ecological environment of our world. With the joint efforts, a better ecological environment is predictable. 范文五 Delegate: Xu Bingwen School: Xiangming High School Country: The Republic of Albania Committee: General Assembly (GA) Topic: The global warming problem Global warming, the long-term threat to the entire environment, is a common concern of all countries. According to climate records, it has been hotter and hotter the last a few years. Precipitation patterns have changed, whilst sea levels have risen, and most non-polar glaciers are retreating. It is in nobody’s interest to have this status quo. If global warming continues unabated, developing countries will be particularly affected by climate changing. The United Nations has made great efforts over the years so as to reverse the trend. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) established in 1988 was playing a momentous role in settling climate change. The reports they synthesized has contributed to the establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and provided key input to the negotiations that led to the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. It’s certain that IPCC will be influential in the formation of climate policy in the next several years. The Kyoto Protocol is the chief instrument for tackling climate change, and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), one of the Kyoto mechanisms, also provides opportunities for developing countries’ benefits. Though it entered into force on 16 February, 2005, the effect of KP remains to be proved. The Republic of Albania has also made an obvious progress in combating global warming. After ratifying the Kyoto Protocol in April 2005, as a “developing” country under the Kyoto Protocol, Albania has no quantified greenhouse gas emission reduction targets during the first commitment period (2008-12) but can participates in the global carbon market under the CDM of the Kyoto Protocol. Now Albania’s first CDM project, WB Bio-Carbon Fund Assisted Natural Regeneration Project is on-going, We have planned to transfer 280,000t CO2(in the period 2012-2017) to World Bank as Emission Reduction , to turn 10% tree crown cover increased to 30% , and to advance land area valued from 0.05ha to 1.0ha. At the end of February, the World Bank together with the Government of Albania conducted a workshop and clinic, “Accessing Carbon Finance”, for government officials and local developers who can potentially benefit from the CDM. Albania expects more developing countries to participate in this project indeed. The republic of Albania takes a firm stand on that the problem of Global Warming that reducing greenhouse gas emission is the indispensable requirement to all nations. The IPCC recently declared that human activities had "very likely" been the driving force in global warming problem over the last 50 years. So the reduction of greenhouse gas emission from human activities is a priority course to avert the damaging consequences of global warming. Albanian government will continue to develop the CDM project and call on industrialized countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol to access Carbon finance to invest projects in developing countries. It is a win-win approach that can help industrialized countries to meet their emission reduction targets and to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development. As a most vulnerable country, Albania looks forward to being provided more assistance and transferred new technologies against the risk of global warming. Since the beginning of the 1990s, Albania started to experience processes and vigorous urban growth. Some of the reasons made the process of country urbanization a serious problem. Lacking of basic living conditions and the scarcity of necessary infrastructure and of vital and social services including the environmental problems have been in the main concerns of government. Albanian Government, in collaboration with international financial institutions such as World Bank and International Monetary Fund, as well as some neighboring countries’ governments has considered the problems causing by uncontrolled urban growth and by internal migration as a real priority. Overall, the suggestions of Albanian Government are as follows: · Develop and implement national strategies for sustainable development, with the assistance of development partners, in order to reverse trends in global warming. · Intensify the cooperation with the international institutions and the neighboring countries on the global warming issue. · Promote the negotiations among the countries on the basis of mutual help and respect , to reach agreement as soon as possible. · Strengthen the capacity to implement the Kyoto Protocol and its constraint and surveillance strength. · Accelerate the laws’ constituting on uncontrolled urbanization and the environmental problems. Although this problem remains to be unresolved until today, the Albanian Government believes the potential to settle it is still enormous, as long as all nations take strong actions now. Delay would be dangerous. Despite there are a lot of barriers to get through, Albania will never give up to make efforts against the global warming and hopes that all countries can stick to their promise and finally achieve the permanent goal. 范文六 代表:陈卫杰 学校:向明中学 国家:马达加斯加共和国 H:\fanwen caiji two\建设工程 项目管理 工程项目管理制度介绍工程项目管理课程设计政府投资项目管理意见建设工程项目管理合同工程项目管理培训总结 委托 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 .doc委员会:联合国经济和社会发展理事会 议题:国际移民和城市发展 现今,世界上很多国家都面对着国际移民与城市发展的问题。由于世界经济全球化,地缘政治发展,通讯技术革命,低价商业运输和人口结构变动等原因,国际移民的数量正在不断地增长中。国际移民很大程度上影响了各国城市发展,对目的国的城市经济、社会、环境、文化诸方面发展产生越来越显著的影响,有积极的一面,也有消极的一面。移徙与发展有着千丝万缕的联系,发展主导移徙,移徙反过来又影响发展。所以,如何使国际移民规范化,对城市发展起到积极作用,成了一个需要我们共同探讨的问题。 联合国《国际移徙与发展》报告指出:“在最理想的情况下,移民可以使接受国、原籍国和移徙者本人都得到好处。向外移徙与许多人最终回归一样,对于振兴国家经济发挥了决定性的作用。”为达到这种最理想的情况,国际社会都做出了很大的努力。1946年通过的《世界人权宣言》和1990年通过的《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》为移徙者的人权保护奠定了基础。国际移民组织也通过与各国合作处理移民问题,确保移民有秩序地移居接收国。国际移徙问题全球委员会在2005年10月发布的报告中提出33条建议,旨在加强对国际移徙问题的国家、区域和全球治理。欧盟等区域集团提出了区域性倡议,有些国家制定了双边协定,来确保移民流动在有关国家互惠的情况下进行。 作为一个非洲的发展中国家,马达加斯加在国际移民与城市发展问题上做出了巨大的努力。我们主张充分发挥移徙者与本地工人的互补性,促进接受国的经济。通过立法来消除种族歧视、歧视妇女、歧视移徙工人。必要时,我们创建特别移民区来保护文化多样性发展。同时,我们也设法克服与其他国家的分歧并改变外交政策的战略。 马达加斯加政府提倡发达国家采取更加宽松的移民政策,这样一方面使得发展中国家可以通过侨汇增加本国的外汇收入,同时学习和引进发达国家先进的科学技术,另一方面也使得发达国家的劳工市场得到有效的补充。我们建议发达国家应该消除移民人数增加会导致目的国失业率增加的这一顾虑。在目的地国,多数不同背景的研究都表明,国际移徙的增加对总体工资水平和失业影响甚微。移徙者的职业分布与非移徙者迥异,也充分表明两者的互补性,而不是竞争性。我们也提倡发展中国家放宽投资移民的政策,这样可以实现较好的招商引资,加快目的国的城市经济发展。同时,也为发达国家拓宽全球市场提供了绝好的商机。我们同样不能忽视一个问题,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,都应该通过立法或者其他切实有效的手段来消除歧视,包括系统性歧视、种族歧视、歧视妇女、由于国籍以及意识形态不同而产生的一切歧视。马达加斯加政府的建议如下: · 发达国家适当放宽对定居移民和教育移民的政策,消除关于移民的不必要的顾虑 · 发展中国家适当放宽对投资移民的政策,不要过于封闭 · 通过立法等手段保证移徙者的生命财产安全,保障移徙者的人权,消除歧视 · 各国政府对失业移徙者进行适当的语言、技能 培训 焊锡培训资料ppt免费下载焊接培训教程 ppt 下载特设培训下载班长管理培训下载培训时间表下载 · 保护文化多样性,使各种文化自由地相互融合 · 严厉打击非法移民 马达加斯加政府真诚地希望扩大共识,减小甚至消除差异,促进合作,为全世界作出新的贡献。马达加斯加将言出必行,同时我们也需要整个国际大家庭的帮助。我们希望在我们的共同努力下,这些问题可以得到圆满的解决,我们也希望国际移民能够真正地对各国城市发展起到积极的、有益的作用。 范文七 代表:曹心怡 学校:华东师范大学第二附属中学 国家:罗马尼亚 委员会:经社理事会 议题:国际移民和城市发展 在整个人类历史中,移徙始终是人们决意克服不利条件、改善生活状况的一种大胆方式。当前,由于全球化趋势以及通信交通的进步,希望并有能力移居别处的人数已经大为增加。在1992-2003年期间有80多万罗马尼亚人移居国外。到2004年,估计有150-200万罗马尼亚人生活在国外,每年合法向国外移民人数为1万人。据统计,国际移民绝大部分涌入目的国的城市,对目的国的城市经济、社会、环境、文化诸方面发展产生越来越显著的影响。 罗马尼亚政府认为,国际移民与城市发展是相辅相成的。国际移民能够使输出国减轻劳工过剩国劳动力市场的压力,还可以通过回移促进储蓄、知识和技术转移。同时,移徙者与本地工人的互补性,有利于促进接受国的经济发展。前任联合国秘书长安南表示,国际移徙是促进共同发展的理想手段①。安南还指出,国际移徙也呈现出许多问题,包括造成不少国家人才外流,许多移徙人员的人权遭到侵犯、权益被剥夺等。对于以上问题,罗马尼亚颁布移民政策②,强调获得永久居留权的外国人在以下方面依法享有与罗公民同等待遇:享有就业权,享有社会安全、社会及医疗援助、社会保障,享有公共财产及服务等。 罗马尼亚政府强调在国际移民与城市发展方面以全球利益为重。作为发展中国家,罗马尼亚同许多国家一样,面临着国际移民带来的人才流失问题。罗马尼亚政府认为,发达国家与发展中国家应当有一定的人才交流,并通过这种方式促进城市的发展与各国文化的交流与融合。 在国际普遍关注的非法移民问题上,罗马尼亚在阻止非法移民方面做出了很大的努力。从2006年初至2006年9月,罗马尼亚政府已经成功地阻止了17万5千人的非法越境行动。罗马尼亚政府认为,非法移民问题有损国家形象,且会对目的地国的社会治安和就业问题造成一定的影响。但是对于非法移民的人权,罗马尼亚将给予保护。罗马尼亚政府认为,解决非法移民问题的最好途径就是加强发展中国家的综合实力,促进城市和国家的经济发展。 对于目前国际移民所带来的人才流失、文化冲击、目的地国失业率增加、非法移民问题,罗马尼亚政府向委员会和各国呼吁: · 发展中国家可以在保留一定数量的本国人才的基础上向全球输送人才,作为回报,发达国家也应向发展中国家输送一定数量的人才。这样的移民不仅给个体带来的不同的体验,更是让世界各国互相了解的好方式。 · 通过适当立法和反歧视方案揭露和消除歧视行为。发达国家不应该排挤发展中国家的人才。 · 对具有民族特色的民间文化进行发扬,吸引更多的年轻人的关注。且在保留本国优良的传统文化的基础上适当引入外国文化,促进各国文化的交流,使其共同发展。 · 在移民后由目的地国根据移民者特点开展培训(包括语言培训和技能培训,使其更好地适应移民后的生活,培训的费用可通过移民者工作后的缴税获得)。 · 加强对发展中国的人道援助,从而改善发展中国家的环境以留住人才,减少非法移民: ①改善自然环境(绿化,改善高科技研究中心的设施条件)。 ②改善人文环境(提高人口素质,进行爱国主义教育,让发展中国家的人才相信自己国家的实力,并为建设祖国做出贡献)。尊重不同民族文化,减少民族歧视。爱国教育很难在联合国提出,这是国家内部问题。 罗马尼亚政府在国际移民和城市发展的问题上始终保持自己鲜明的立场,认为以全球利益为重才是各国的宗旨,也是构建和谐世界的基础。罗马尼亚政府愿在任何国际移民项目中敬献最大的力量。同时,罗马尼亚政府希望各国能够为了全人类的利益做出适当的妥协,使国际移民成为促进各国的交流与发展的一种途径,并能够给许多城市补充新鲜的血液,让世界各国的人民如家人般团结,让世界更加和谐美好。 对于罗马尼亚政府在本届经社理事会中的立场文件的注释与说明: 1 见前任联合国秘书长安南在2006年6月6日向联大提交的《国际移徙与发展问题报告》 2 见罗马尼亚2002年第194号外国人紧急法令修正案。
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