阅读之含义题（词汇 代词含义题解法）

七种能力1．理解归纳语篇的主旨要义；2．获取事实性信息；3．理解作者意图、观点和态度；4.利用上下文推测词义；5．推断隐含意义；6．理解语篇的基本结构；7．理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系；阅读之含义题(词汇，代词含义题解法)高考阅读题型统计⑴出题形式：1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“jungle”inParagraph2mostprobablymean?2.The“alarm”inthefirstparagraphrefersto“_______”.3.Accordingtothepassage,theunderlinedword“bullying”isclosestinmeaningto“_______”.4.Theword“satiated”inparagraph2canbestbereplacedby“_______”.5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedinplaceof"Quitethereverse"?6.Themeaningof“panicked”inParagraph2isrelatedto_____.7.Whatdoes“E.S.L.”inthepassagestandfor?8.Fromthetext,weknowthatthe“babyboomers”areagroupofpeoplewho_______.单词含义题•纲外词：原始含义•纲内词：熟词僻义1解题方法：学会找关键结构1.并列结构：并列，类比，平行，2.转折结构：转折，对比3.因果结构因果4.追加说明：复述，举例，定语从句并列结构一：并列(1)and,aswellas,notonly…butalso(2)also,besides,inaddition,moreover,furthermore,whatismore(worse),apartfromthat，inthemeantime例如：IntheancientcityofRome,wevisitedeverymansion,battlesite,theatreandotherpublichalls.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.并列结构重庆高考A篇Therewasagardenerwholookedafterhisgardenwithgreatcare.Towaterhisflowers,heusedtwobuckets.Onewasashinyandnewbucket.Theotherwasaveryoldanddilapidatedone.Whichhadseenmanyyearsofservice,butwasnowpastitsbest.56.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dilapidated”probablymean?A.dirtyB.darkC.worn-outD.plain-looking.上海高考cIn1963aschoolboycalledAndrewWilesreadinginhisschoollibrarycameacrosstheworld’sgreatestmathematicalproblem:Fermat’sLastTheorem(定理).FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolePolytechnique.65.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle”asitisusedinthetext?A.Toencouragepeople-toraisequestions.B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.D.Tolimitpeople’simagination.2并列结构二：类比:信号词：like,as,similarlyMr.Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.Thehot-airballoontookoff.Itwasasbuoyantintheairasaleafinwater.Earlyhumanbeingsusedveryfragilehousesandboats.Oftenstrongwindswouldtearroofsfromhousesorcausehighwavesthatendangeredtravelers.People’sfoodsuppliesweresimilarlyvulnerable.Evenaftertheyhadlearnedhowtoplantgrains,theystillneededhelpfromnaturetoensuregoodharvests.Thereforetheyfearedanddependedonthepowerofthewind,whichcouldbringwarmthfromonedirectionandcoldfromanother.(重庆卷E篇72题)72.Theunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3means________?A.impossibletomakesureofB.likelytobeprotectedC.easytodamageD.difficulttofind并列结构三：平行Ifyouagree,say“yes”;Ifyoudissent,say“No”例如：(全国卷E篇)Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”(paragraph1)probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests反义结构：转折•But,yet,however,Insteadof;ratherthan•Although,while•Inspiteof,despite•Anyfoolcanmakesoap,butittakesageniustosellit.(广东卷)转折结构3Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag,adogcameintotheroom.ItstoppedwhenitsawBuster,thenwaggeditstailmadlyandwentovertohim,lickinghisoutstretchedhand.“Goodboy,”Busterwhispered.“Whatagreatguarddogyouare—tryingtolickmetodeath.”2.Whichofthedefinitionisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”inthethirdparagraph?(江西B-6)A.Messyanduntidy.B.Richandexpensive.C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Foreignandunusual翻译结构---反比(1)comparedwith,in/bycontrast(2)ontheotherhand,onthecontraryThisisawonderfulopportunitytomakealotofmoney.Ontheotherhandthereareunexpectedhazardsinvolved.Thebirthrateforolderwomenhasdeclined,but,bycontrast,birthstoteenagemothershaveincreased.Theroomwaslightandloftycomparedwithourdark,lowones.Thisboyisnotstupid,onthecontrary,noonecouldbemorebright.因果结构因果•(1)because,since,as,for,nowthat,inthat•(2)dueto,owingto,asaresultof,thanksto•(3)导致：•Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater.•Lackofparentwillpowermaycontributemoretojuvenileobesitythanunder-exercisingorovereating.(天津D)•A.adulteducationB.childhoodoverweight•C.parents’influenceD.growingpains4•例如：(上海卷B段)Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior(上级),itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.”•Theword“presumptuous”inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto“”.A.fullofrespectB.tooconfidentandrudeC.lackinginexperienceD.tooshyandquiet追加说明-复述Inotherwords,toputitinanotherway,thatistosay,i.e.,tobepreciseHewaseconomicalwiththetruth-inotherwords,hewaslying.ThissmallChristmastreeismadeofplastic．Itisartificial．Itisnotarealtree．A.beautifulB.notnaturalC.foraspecialholidayD．inanartmuseum追加说明WilliamShakespearesaid.“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn(纱线)，goodandilltogether.”(江苏卷E段)Theunderlinedword“mingled”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.simpleB.mixedC.sadD.happy上海CAnalyzingthelaworthetalion—aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth—WilliamIanMillerpresentsanoriginalthinkingovertheconceptof“payback”.“WilliamIanMillerhaswrittenamarvelousbookthatIfoundabsolutelyattractive73.Theword“talion”inintroducingthebookEyeforanEyeisprobablyaconceptof______.A.medicineB.tradeC.avengingD.striving5Climbingattractspeoplebecauseit’sgoodexerciseforalmosteveryone.Youuseyourwholebody,especiallyyourarmsandlegs.Thissportgivesyourbodyacompleteworkout.Whenyouclimb,bothyourmindandyourbodycanbecomestronger.(安徽C)66.Theword“workout”underlinedinthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans_________.A.settlementB.exerciseC.excitementD.tiredness追加说明-举例forexample,(instance);suchas;e.g.…ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglot.MsWhite,forexample,speakssixlanguages.•...Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints,suchasthemelting(融化)oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica.“Tostaybelowthatpoint,weneedtoreduceCO2emissionsby80percent,”hesaid.(2009年福建卷E篇73题)•Theunderlinedwords“tippingpoints”mostprobablyreferto______.A.freezingpointsB.burningpointsC.meltingpointsD.boilingpoints09全国C•“Lawsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictercontrolneedchanging,”saysPeterSchantz.Forexample,Monkey-poxmaybethewake-upcall.Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners.Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.Anewbug(病毒)maybekindatfirst.Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful(有害的).Monkey-poxdoesn’tlookamajorinfectiousdisease.Butitisnotimpossibletopassthediseasefrompersontoperson.•66.Whatdoesthephrase“thewake-upcall”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?•A.anewdiseaseB.aclearwarning•C.adangerousanimalD.amorningcall6追加说明---定语从句•例如：•Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfireandothersimilartricks.•Jackisnowaflorist,whokeepsashopforsellingflowersinourdistrict.江西D篇•However,whatdowedowiththetimewehavesaved?Certainlynotrelax,orsoitseems.Wearesoaccustomedtoconstantactivitythatwefinditdifficulttositanddonothing,orevenjustonethingatatime.Perhapsthedaysarelonggonewhenwemightlistenquietlytoastoryontheradio,lettingimaginationstakeusintoanotherworld.•69.Whatdoes“thedays”inParagraph3referto?•A.Imaginarylife•B.Simplelifeinthepast•C.Timesofinventions•D.Timeforconstantactivity7