国际音标教程教材完美版

国际音标教程 什么是国际音标： 国际音标是由国际语音 协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e : name, bike, home, due, plane, shine b) 辅音+元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three, hello 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup,let, mad, map b)元音+辅音: it,is, of, in, on, up, out, ant 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 元音和辅音的定义： 发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。 不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。 发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。 发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅 巧记48个国际音标 单元音共十二，四二六前中后 双元音也好背，合口集中八个 辅音共计二十八八对一清又七浊， 四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音， 有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握 元音音标学习 元音概述：元音是有噪音的语音。形成元音时，声带振动，气流经由咽腔和口腔逸出时，不受到任何阻碍，没有可以听得到的摩擦声。英语里共有20个元音（单元音1２个，双元音８个）。 元音之间的差异，是由发音时各发音器官所采取的不同位置形成的。所谓“不同位置”，指的是舌头的高低与前后，牙床的开合程度，以及唇形的大小和圆扁。但其中决定的因素是舌头的位置：舌头是在口腔的前部、中部或者后部，决定所发的音是前元音、中元音还是后元音；舌身隆起的高度以及舌的哪一部分隆起最高，决定发出的元音是开口元音、半开元音、合口元音、还是半合元音。牙床开合的程度是由舌位的高低所决定的，而双唇的圆扁和大小对形成不同的元音也有相当的影响。因此，描述一个元音的发音部位，主要是描述它的舌位和唇形。 辅音 爆破音： [p][t][k] [b][d][g] 摩擦音： [f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [ð] 破擦音： [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] [t∫] [t3] 鼻辅音： [m] [n] [η] 舌侧音： 1）出现在元音之前叫作清晰舌边音 2）出现在辅音及单词末尾时叫作模糊舌边音 半元音：擦音中气流较弱，摩擦较小，介于元音跟辅音之 间的音 [w] [j] [3] [∫] [h] [r] [i:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea ee e: me be she he we evening ee:sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three green ea:meat leaf sea pea teach eat clean 根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词。 1.seat rain bean cat 2. gift feet teacher dog 3.pig star tree jeep 4. sweet sea fish the [i] 发这个音的字母和字母组合i e y ey ay i: pig fish in fifteen six ship thin e: begin behind jacket basketball y: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy rainy ey: monkey money ay:Sunday Saturday Friday 根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。 1.sofa sit kick lip 2.ink gift jam ship 3.hand picture big sister 4.hot lick pig jelly [ә:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合er ir ur ear or er: her serve term ir:bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirt ur:nurse Thursday turtle purple curtain ear:early learn or: word work world 根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词。 1.thirty beer thirsty wheat 2. bank king her nurse 3.turtle bird rabbit knee 4.room run shirt term [ә] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ure er ar or a e ure: picture er:teacher brother dinner father sister ar: sugar or:doctor a:panda about above camera sofa China 根据发音规则，找出发[ә]的2个单词写在后面的横线上。 1.mother sofa road smile 2.sit father sister food 3. hair deer tiger China 4.sugar soon ear leader 音标[i:] [i] [ә:] [ә] 练习 1. 找出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) ①he feet bread green ( ) ②pig is dog ship ( ) ③thirty bird her food ( ) ④she big in money ( ) ⑤sweets fish teacher we ( ) ⑥teacher sister about girl ( ) ⑦tiger first work shirt ( ) ⑧tree bean clean chin ( ) ⑨father doctor skirt china ( ) ⑩happy sea sit picture 发这个音的字母和字母组合o a o: fox coffee dog shop dog doctor long a: watch 根据发音规则，找出发的2个单词写在后面的横线上。 1.doctor teacher box clothes 2.cold zoo clock dog 3.love boss lot violin 4.watch beach fox girl 发这个音的字母和字母组合o a o: fox coffee dog shop dog doctor long a: watch 根据发音规则，找出发的2个单词写在后面的横线上。 1.doctor teacher box clothes 2.cold zoo clock dog 3.love boss lot violin 4.watch beach fox girl [u:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo ui o: do who whose oo: food moon too ui: fruit juice u: ruler rude 根据发音规则，找出不发[u:]的单词。 1. juice moon zoo panda 2. tooth broom eye spoon 3. head boot noodles pool 4. noon cool boot watch [u]发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo u o:woman wolf oo:look good book foot wood u:bull bullet 根据发音规则，选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词。 1.mouth book look pull 2.push tape sugar foot 3.wood kind wolf bull 4.bullet wood cook name 音标 [u:] [u]练习 找出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) ①moon food eat fruit ( ) ②true book wood look ( ) ③four small walk bird ( ) ④got clock shop shirt ( ) ⑤bus foot push book ( ) ⑥lost ball long ox ( ) ⑦ruler dog mooncake blue ( ) ⑧big ship horse it [a:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a ar au ear a: grass glass class plant dance fast father last ar: car star arm March garden dark scarf au: laugh aunt ear: heart 根据发音规则，圈出发[a:]的2个单词。 1.arm lip doctor card 2. cloud cart garden gate 3.ball scarf dark tiger 4. job lorry March park [Λ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o u oo ou o: son come colour love money u: sun nut jump gum bus brush supper us ou: touch cousin country 根据发音规则，找出每组中发[Λ]的单词。 1.hear cup bed air 2. voice boy duck ant 3.vase corn bear gun 4. cute boy money her [æ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a a: dad cap cat bad apple bag flag hand rabbit ant black fat has stand rat map 根据发音规则，找出每组中发[æ]的单词。 1.rat bed face sport 2.hear cup fat pear 3.rice bat finger tree 4.sea young knife apple [e] 发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea e: egg bell desk leg pet ten pen ea: bread head breakfast 根据发音规则，找出每组中不发[e]的单词。 1.cat well leg pen 2.sweat map pet elephant 3.egg ten tall desk 4.bread head bed toy 音标[a:] [Λ] [æ] [e] 练习 一．抄写音标，一个抄写5遍。 [a:]： [Λ]： [æ]： [e]：____ 二．选出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) 1. car arm food garden ( ) 2. true jump bus cut ( ) 3. bag short map flag ( ) 4. egg pen head small ( ) 5. got clock bell dog ( ) 6. rabbit book wood foot ( ) 7. rat bat apple ten ( ) 8. gun star duck moneg 三. 写出单词或音标。 ［pa:st］ [ru:m] [swet] [sit] [fæt] [gɔt] [cΛp] [shә:t] bag car bus bread star head [ei] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a ai ay a: cake make name game snake gate lazy ai: rain train wait ay:day May play taday way 根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发音不一样 的单词。 1.face wave sheep tail 2.grape plane name coat 3.time tape train snake 4.rain soap cake train [ai] 发这个音的字母和字母组合i y ie uy i: kite bike nice tiger write knife y: by cry fly my sky try why ie:tie pie uy:buy 根据发音规则，找出每组中发[ai]的2个单词. 1.rice good jam right 2.ship mine ice-cream mouse 3.cloud sit tie eye 4.write small tennis kite 发这个音的字母和字母组合oi oy oi: oil boil coin oy: boy toy 根据发音规则，找出每组中发的2个单词. 1.soil hear soy cold 2. rabbit bed boy noise 3.walk voise boil word 4. tea enjoy toy milk [au] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ou ow ou: house mouse mouth trousers ow: flower cow how now down 根据发音规则，选出不发[au]的单词。 1．mouse cloud arm clown 2.teacher trousers cow mouth 3. town dance flower house 4.tower blouse now baby 音标[ei] [ai] [au]练习 选出下列没有发相同发音的词 ( ) 1. cake egg rain May ( ) 2. kite cry broom fly ( ) 3. boy joy cat noise ( ) 4. blouse sun cow house ( ) 5. tower flower mouth arm 读音标,将下列单词补充完整或写出字母，单词的音标。 [flæg] [trein] [desk] [smail] f__ __g tr__ __n d__ __ __ s__ __le Aa Kk Ii Yy hi boy cow now toy bike house my cake face how nice 看图、填空、标号 h___t→ s__n→ e__ __s__ r→ r__l__ __→ c__k___→ m__ __th [әu] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o oa ow o: nose rose poen over oa: boat coat soap goat ow:show window snow bowl 根据发音规则，圈出每组中发[әu]的2个单词。 1．coat goat tree river 2.make window knife road 3. your white row coat 4.boat hen nose lamp [iә] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ear eer ear: ear hear tear eer: deer beer 根据发音规则，圈出每组中发[iә]的1个 单词。 1.bear beer fair tail 2.noodles pair near come 3.horse near tower air 4. ring king here three [eә] 发这个音的字母和字母组合air ear air: hair chair pair ear:pear bear wear 根据发音规则，圈出每组中发[eә]的1个 单词。 1.bear idea pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb come 3.horse house tower air 4. ring king hare three [uә] 发这个音的字母和字母组合oor our ure oor: poor our: tour ure: sure pure 根据发音规则，圈出每组中发[uә]的1个单词。 1.clear tourist pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb fury 3.beard cure tower air 4. voice king pure engineer 音标[әu] [iә] [eә] [uә]的练习 选出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) 1. mouth coat goat window ( ) 2. dear beer cake teacher ( ) 3. pair boy air hare ( ) 4. poor tour Europe cry ( ) 5. boat bike side fly 写出单词或音标。 ［nәuz］ [said] [iә] [kau] [peә] [bæt] [wu:d] go photo deer near nose hear 五. 把下列单词与音标用线连起来。 ［rәuz］ theater ['θiәtә] rose [skweә] tour [tuә] square [pleisiz] places [p] 发这个音的字母和字母组合p pp p: piano panda parrot pet ship sheep pig stop pp: apple happy 根据发音规则，圈出没有发[p]的单词。 1.ship phone sleep pear 2.pick pen big pineapple 3.taxi parrot sheep pig 4.panda pony pet truck [b] 发这个音的字母和字母组合b bb b: book ball bird big boy bag banana bb: rubber rabbit cabbage 根据发音规则，圈出发[b]的2个单词。 1.cab gift beach love 2. pet god tub bed 3.weather boy bus make 4.rabbit read dress baby [t] 发这个音的字母和字母组合 t tt t: table tea taxi cat rat fat ticket tt: butter matter 根据发音规则，圈出没有发[t]的1个单词。 1.taxi fat bag toy 2.hat ticket tea duck 3.pocket packet cat rain [d] 发这个音的字母和字母组合d ed d: duck seed door desk day red head bed read cold ed: smiled opened played 根据发音规则，圈出没有发[d]的1个单词。 1.bed clothes hand 2.dog cold five 3.dance duck grape [k]发这个音的字母和字母组合c k ck c: cap cook cup car can class k: cook milk key desk kite cake ck: clock sock cock neck 从下列单词中找出一个发[sk]的单词。 1. cake car desk neck 2. mask rock ink clock 3. disk truck silk duck [g]发这个音的字母和字母组合g gg g: glass golf get girl bag goat flag gg: egg 根据发音规则，圈出发[g]的单词。 gas drive gum give violin bag jeans orange log bridge guess tank grade long language [s]发这个音的字母和字母组合s c ss ce s: star sun snake sea see c: pencil city cedar ceiling celebrate ss: grass glass class boss ce: face race rice nice 根据发音规则，圈出每组中2个发[s]的单词。 1. whose juice lick student 2. those case scarf shoes 3. space nose science meat 4. tears piece bus nose [z]发这个音的字母和字母组合z s se z: zero zebra zoo s: bags photos sisters se: nose rose 根据发音规则，圈出每组中2个发[z]的单词。 1.zoo freeze lick case 2. game play busy shoes 3.dog nose rose meat 4. tears peanut eagle zero [∫] 发这个音的字母和字母组合s sh s: sugar sure sh: ship sheep wash cash shop she 根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发[∫]的2个单词。 1. shell ship watch desk 2. truck shirt skirt ship 3. brush carrat sheep sleep 4. hero shape street shelf [3]发这个音的字母和字母组合s s: television, usually, Asia measure a garage, an unusual collision; a great decision; my pleasure 根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发[3]的2个单词。 1. shell ship garage desk 2. truck shirt pleasure ship 3. brush casual sheep sleep 4. hero shape leisure shelf [t∫]发这个音的字母和字母组合ch tch ch: teacher peach cherry chair tch: watch match 根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发[t∫]的单词，并抄下来。 chair dumpling beach cheese night she monkey China church these flower egg dream shark chick catch [d3]发这个音的字母和字母组合g j dge g: ginger giraffe j: jump job jam ge: orange cabbage cage 根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发[d3]的单词。 egg giraffe dragon grass cabbage job gift gate orange drug jeans gun [f]发这个音的字母和字母组合f ff ph gh f: five fan flower fish four leaf ff: giraffe ph: phone elephant photo gh: laugh 选出下列单词中不发[f]的单词，写在横线上。 knife flower foot fish pick get photo giraffe laugh leaf [v]发这个音的字母和字母组合v ve v: video vase vest ve: five love violin 根据发音规则,在不发[v]的单词上打× violin move vote window van volcano white woman victory wet wave vase [θ]发这个音的字母和字母组合th th: three thin third teeth mouth 根据发音规则，圈出不发[θ]的单词。 1．father three maths thirsty 2. mouth throat Thursday brother 3. think thirsty mother thousand 4. thin thick they teeth [ð]发这个音的字母和字母组合th th: father mother brother clothes weather 根据发音规则，圈出每组中发 [ð]的1个单词。 1．than sister brother three 2. weather thank night good 3. tie look teeth they 4. thin father throat watch [ts] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ts tes ts: seats goats coats cats pets eats tes: gates kites dates tastes 根据发音规则，找出发[ts]的4个单词写在后面的横线上。 sands woods boots birds hats carrats hands beds friends rats seeds kids _________________________________________________ [dz] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ds des ds: seeds woods friends birds beds des: rides 根据发音规则，找出发[dz]的5个单词写在后面的横线上。 coats hands cats kites beds words pets kids seats horse sands gates H:\fanwen caiji two\在庆祝建党周年“老区党员新风采”演讲比赛上的讲话.doc [tr] 发这个音的字母和字母组合tr tr: tree truck trousers strawberry trick 根据发音规则，找出没有发[tr]的3个单词写在后面的横线上。 seats truck train trash tractor drink street drug trousers [dr] 发这个音的字母和字母组合dr dr: draw drink driver dragon dry 根据发音规则，找出每组中发[dr]的2个单词写在后面的横线上。 1. dream duck dress rain 2. rat drain drug door 3. tree treasure drawer drink 4. truck dragon dish drum [h]发这个音的字母和字母组合h wh h: he her head heart hair ham wh: who whose 根据发音规则， 把下列单词中不发[h]的找出来。 1. ham hat white ( ) 2. horse whale who ( ) 3. wheat hole hair ( ) [r] 发这个音的字母和字母组合r rr wr r: rice room ride road rose rr: mirror carrot parrot wr: write wrong wrap 根据发音规则，选出发[r]的单词，打√。 1. bread driver wrong rain worker 2. river father robot rope sister 3. write fruit rabbit crown drum [l] 发这个音的字母和字母组合l ll l: look light lock lucky lion tail ll: ball pull dollar tell 根据发音规则，选出每组中不发[l]的单词。 1. lamp nail flag woman ( ) 2. yellow fruit lion lychee ( ) 3. grape bull laugh lake ( ) 4. dumpling moon wheel whale( ) [m] 发这个音的字母和字母组合m mb m: mouth mouse milk monkey moon money mum mb: climb comb thumb [n]发这个音的字母和字母组合n kn gn n: nose net nut banana noodles train rain plane down kn: knee knife knock gn: sign 根据发音规则，找出发[n]的单词并抄下来。 1. mirror wheel yes knock 2. mall hen laugh nut 3. earrings plane wing bread [η]发这个音的字母和字母组合n ng n: ink bank tank finger ng: sing hang song king reading running 根据发音规则，从下列每组中找出2个发[η]的单词。 1．net ring finger meat 2. tennis mouth song swing 3.dumpling wing run nail 4. hang swim ink note [w]发这个音的字母和字母组合 w: winter window watch water well would wh: white where which when why wheel whale 根据发音规则，选出每组中不发[w]音的1个单词。 1. wood write wheel which 2. wheat snow wet woman 3. white window now why 4. whale water watch row [j]发这个音的字母和字母组合y y: yo-yo yogurt yard yes you your 根据发音规则，找出发[j]的单词写在下面横线上。 cry you your sky yellow lorry money jelly toy boy yogurt soy 音标[p] [b] [t] [d]练习 选出下列没有相同发音的词 ( ) 1. pear ship coat pig ( ) 2. taxi bean cab cabbage ( ) 3. hat sea ticket wallet ( ) 4. seed dance hand full ( ) 5. pick pen sit pineapple ( ) 6. cold find door chair ( ) 7. cloth purple pool push ( ) 8. eat fan quiet set 三.写出单词或音标。 [pændә] [kΛt] [di:p] [klaud] apple pear rabbit read [k] [g] [s] [z]练习 将下列没有相同发音的词找出来 ( ) 1. car stay neck clock ( ) 2. gas give drive bag ( ) 3. sea boss rice cook ( ) 4. lick zoo rose zero ( ) 5. tears freeze desk busy 音标[∫] [3] [t∫] [d3]练习 选出下列具有相同发音的单词。 ( )1. shell watch ship see ( ) 2. shell pleasure sick treasure ( )3. chair China Monkey dream ( )4. job gift door cabbage ( )5. grass chick start jeans 音标[f] [v] [θ] [ð]的练习 将下列没有相同发音的词找出来 ( ) 1. foot knife pick fish ( ) 2. window move vote vase ( ) 3. three fan thousand thin ( ) 4. father them brother watch ( ) 5. finish van fool fat 音标［ts］ [dz] [tr] [dr] 练习 选出下列选项中具有相同发音的两个单词。 ( ) ( ) 1. dream shoes drink popcorn ( ) ( ) 2. truck thirsty bath trash ( ) ( ) 3. beds pets words gates ( ) ( ) 4. birds boots rats friends ( ) ( ) 5.drug drain rain dish 音标[h][r][l][m]的练习 把下列单词用线连接起来。 parrot [′pærәt] heart [lɔk] lock [ha:t] dollar [klaim] climb [′d ɔlә] 读下列单词，圈出发[r]音的单词。 white hair wrong drum father lion rabbit laugh whale rope rain drive comb mirror swim 音标[n] [η] [w] [j]的练习 把下列单词用线连起来。 knee [hæη] hang [ni:] yolk [jәuk] whale [iηk] ink [weil] 看图，根据下列所给音标填单词。 [′mΛðә] [fæn] [maus] [pi:t∫] ________ __________ __________ ___________ 语音的基本常识 1、音节的划分 一个单词的音标中有几个元音就有几个音节。 2、重读音节 任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中，有重读音节和非重读音节 ，哪一个音节重读，该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号“'”。 3、浊化音 以sp__, st___, sk___开头的单词中，清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/分别要发浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/。 4、定冠词the的读音 e.g. the man c.f. the old man 5、不完全爆破 爆破音[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] 后面紧跟另一个爆破音时，前面的那个爆破音只在口腔内形成阻碍，而不能完全读出。 e.g. basketball the part of the earth 6、连读 在一个短语或句子中，如果相邻两词的关系相等密切，而前一个词以辅音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，辅音和元素连在一起读。 7、意群的停顿    对于一个较长的句子，可以根据意思和结构将其分成几群,一个意群必须一口气说完。