[英语考试]专升本作文amp词汇短语

[英语考试]专升本作文amp词汇短语 目 录 第一部分 话题作文写作-----------------------------------------------------2 第二部分 图表作文写作---------------------------------------------------- 4 第三部分 应用文写作-------------------------------------------------------16 第四部分 写作万能句------------------------------------------------------ 30第五部分 作文模版--------------------------------------------------------- 34 第六部分 常考易混短语辨析--------------------------------------------- 38 第七部分 常考短语汇编--------------------------------------------------- 53 第八部分 常考词汇辨析--------------------------------------------------- 61 1 第一部分 话题作文 1. 开头句型 我们常说，良好的开端等于成功的一半。做事如此，作文也是如此。所以我们颇有必要在作文的开头花一番心思。 在写议论文时，你通常以什么样的方式开头呢,最简单也最常用的可能就是开门见山法。也就是说——直截了当地提出你对这个问题的观点，点出文章的中心思想。 1.1 ((((has both advantages and disadvantages(„„既有利又有弊。 例如: Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages( Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages( Com pared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages( 举一反三: Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages( ((((has many advantages(For example，(((However，just as every coin has two sides，(((has its disadvantages( (本例将利弊分开讲，转折过渡自然。just as every coin has two sides也很值 得背诵。) 1.2 ((((play(s)an important role ,part in((( „„在„„中扮演重要角色,起重要作用。 例如: Computers play an important role in science and technology( Computers play a more and more important role in our life( Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies( Education plays an important part in developing our mind( Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness( 举一反三: Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life( In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication(But now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their place( 1.3 With the development of(((，随着„„的发展，例如: With the developm ent of our econo- m y，m any Chinese fam ilies can afford a car( With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more and more serious( With the rapid development of science and technology，people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home( With the current social and technological developments，employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed( 举一反三: 2 With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious( 随着中国人口的急剧增加，住房问题越来越突出。 With more and more women entering society，people's attitude towards women is changing( 随着越来越多的妇女走入社会，人们对妇女的态度也在改变。 With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up，an increasing number of Chinese families can afford a car( 随着中国改革开放的深入，越来越多的中国家庭买得起车了。 (“越来越多”除了常用的more and more外，还可以用an increasing number of， a growing number of，a significant number of，a great number of等来表达。) 本结构看似固定，实则富于变化，只要记住with有“随着”的意思，相信大家可以根据实际的需要造出更多的句子。 我们已经看到，开门见山的开头使论文直切主题，直白明确地提出了论点。不过在讨论某些有争议性的问题时，就显得有欠缺，因为我们必须在文章的开头引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后再表明自己的观点。下面就是专门针对争议性论文的一种句型。 1.4 When it comes to(((，some people think ,believe that(((，others argue ,claim that opposite ,reverse is true(There is probably some truth in both arguments ,statements，but(((当说到„„， 有些人认为„„，但另一些人则持相反的观点„„。这两种观点可能都有点 道 理，但„„。 本结构先用when it comes to (((引出话题，再用some(((others (((这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点，然后说There is some truth in both(((表明严谨公正的态度，最后用but(((很自然地引出了自己的论点。请看下面这个例子: TV，a good thing or bad thing When it comes to TV，some people believe that it is extremely valuable，as it provides relaxation， entertainment and education( Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities(There is probably some truth in both sides(But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad(It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society( 2. 结尾句型 英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨论的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one ,a word，generally speaking等外，没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型。 2.1 ((((take measures to do sth(例如: We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the world( We'd better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams( The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse( Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks( 第二部分 图表作文 1. 图表分析作文的种类 3 图表就是数字、图像传达信息的一种形式，图表分析作文就是将这些数字、图像所包含的信息转换成传神表意的说明文字。 图表的种类很多，一般把各种数字资料，按照一定的顺序，通过表格形式表现出来的叫表(table)，利用点、线、图等把信息资料通过图像表现出来的叫图(graph或chart)，常用的图形有柱形图(bar graph)，曲线图(line graph)，圆形图(circular graph)，图解图(diagram)，饼形或百分比图(pie or percentage graph)，象形图(pictorial graph)，流程图(flow chart)等等。 2. 图表分析作文的写作要领 2.1.读懂标题，然后根据主题进行分析。虽然文章的中心思想和细节是通过图表 来表示的，但同一张图表，如果命题不同，作者观察、分析问题的角度就有所不 同，写出的短文也可能完全不同。 2.2(仔细分析图表，尽可能正确理解图表的真正含义。由于是对数字和图像进 行分析、说明，仔细分析文字说明和数字表达就成为写好图表分析作文的关键。 只有在对图表完全理解的基础上，才能对其进行分析、比较，从中发现某种规律， 得出某种结论。因此，要写好图表分析作文，不仅需要较强的语言表达能力，还 要有一定的观察、分析能力，一定的想象力和逻辑思维能力。请看下图: 要写好该曲线图分析作文，关键要抓住科技进步与生产力发展之间的关系。 本文可分三段来写，第一段说明该曲线图反映的总情况，第二段根据图上反映的 信息举例说明，并归纳出其规律，第三段通过分析写出读图表后的想法或评论。 2.3(善于归纳，把图表中最有代表性的特征突出出来。所给出的图表一般分类 列出各种数据，不善于归纳者往往是照图表叙述，罗列图表上的数据，不加任何 分析，或作一些无意义的比较;而善于归纳者，则能找出数据的关键所在，舍弃 那些不重要的，细小的东西，层次分明地对关键信息进行分析，从而得出合理的 结论。 2.4(图表分析说明应简洁、清楚、通俗易懂。分析时要避免不必要的重复，指 代要清楚，还要按照一定的逻辑顺序，一个问题一个问题地写，使读者有明确的 概念，否则，颠倒了顺序，将会造成读者在理解上的混乱。 3. 写作模式 第一点:描述现状。简要描述图表，概括图表所反映的深层次的问题。不要 出现过于具体的数据。 第二点，分析原因。剖析图表所反映的深层次问题，用图表数据来论证第一 段提出的主题，或者分析各个数据产生的原因。要注意文中的论点应该用图表中的数据来支持。 第三点:结论和启示。从图表所体现的现象获得结论和启示，或者对图表所 表现的趋势加以预测。 第一段 As is clearly shown in the chart,______.(图表总体描述，指明时间段) Especially,______.(指出突出的变化) 第二段 There are three factors leading to the change.(分析原因) To begin with,______(原因一) 4 In addition,_______-(原因二) For example,________(举例说明) Last but not, ________. (原因三) To sum up, ________ (简要总结) 第三段 As for me,_______,(自己的观点) On the one hand,______ On the other hand,_______ In brief, ___________ 范文 Student Use of Computers As is clearly shown in the chart, the number of hours students spent on computers increased from two to four per week from 1990 to 1995. Especially, the number rose to about 14 hours per week in 2002. There are three factors leading to the change. To begin with, the price of computers is getting much lower than before so that many students can afford it. In addition, it is very convenient for us to study with the help of computers. For example, e-mails enable us to keep in touch with our teachers and friends. Last but not least, with the fast development of the modern society, a computer has become a must for many people. To sum up, low price, convenience and wide use contribute to the increase in the use of computers. As for me, student use of computers is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it is a good helper in searching for information, drawing pictures, etc. On the other hand, various computer games might distract students from their studies. In brief, computers can serve us well if they are used in the right way. 4. 常用句型 4.1表示“说明”的常用句式 在说明图表的时候，要使用下列表示“说明”的常用句式，它们可以帮助读 者弄清楚所引信息的出处，有效地将你要说的话带出来。 1)(As we can see from the chart,graph / table,diagram,…从图表中可以看 出„„ 2)(The chart,graph / table,diagram shows,displays that,…如图所示„„ 3)(As can be shown in,According to the chart,graph / table,diagram,…如图 所示„„ 4)(The figures,statistics in the chart reflect,show,reveal that… 图表中的数据表明„„ 5)(The chart,graph,table,diagram illustrates,describes…图表描述了„„ 6)(It is clear,apparent from the chart,graph / table,diagram that… 从图表我们可以清楚地看到„„ “数据”的常用句式 4.2 表示 1) …had the largest percentage,proportion of… „„在„„方面具有很大的百分比。 5 2) …account (s) for,take (s) up 10,.„„占有10,。 3) Compared with A, B has a higher percentage. 与A相比，B有更高的比例。 4) On the top of the list is…, which accounts for 60,. 占比重最高的是„„，占60,。 5) At the bottom is…, which takes up 20,. 占最低比重的是„„，占20,。 6) A is second to B. A仅次于B。 7) A is ranked,rated first, followed by B at 30, and C at 25,. A占最高比重，紧随其后的是占30,的B和占25,的C。 4.3 表示“数据变化”的常用句式 在描述图表的过程中，考生有必要对图表的数据进行描述，因此，掌握相应地表示变化的句式也是相当重要的。 4.4 表示增加、减少和波动的常用结构 1)(The number of (private cars) increased,rose suddenly,rapidly, dramatically,substantially,considerably,sharply,steeply from…to…从„„ 到„„期间，(私家车)的数量有了急剧的增长。 2)(There was a sudden,rapid,dramatic,substantial,considerable,sharp, steep increase,rise in the number of (private cars) from…to… 从„„到„„期间，(私家车)的数量有了急剧的增长。 3)(There was a boom in the number of (private cars) from…to… 从„„到„„期间，(私家车)的数量有了急剧的增长。 4)(The number of (private cars) climbed,jumped,rose suddenly,went sharply up,soared to…in…在„„(时间)，(私家车)的数量猛增到„„(辆)。 5)(There was an evident, apparent, obvious increase in…from…to…. 从„„到„„期间，在„„方面有明显的增长。 6)(The number of (private cars) increased,rose steadily,gradually from…to… 从„„到„„期间， (私家车)的数量有了稳定持续的增长。 7)(There was a steady,gradual increase,rise in the number of (private cars) from…to… 从„„到„„期间， (私家车)的数量有了稳定持续的增长。 8)(There was a slight,slow increase,rise in the number of (private cars) from…to… 从„„到„„期间，’ (私家车)的数量有了稍微,缓慢的增长。 9)(The number of (private cars)increased,rose slightly,slowly from…to… 从„„到„„期间，(私家车)的数量有了稍微,缓慢的增长。 10)(The number of (private cars) decreased,fell,dropped suddenly,rapidly, dramatically,substantially,sharply,steeply from…to… 从„„到„„期间，(私家车)的数量有了急剧的下降。 11)(There was a sudden,rapid,dramatic,substantial,sharp,steep decrease ,drop,reduction,decline in the number of (private cars)from…to… 从„„到„„期间，(私家车)的数量有了急剧的下降。 12).There was a (n) evident,apparent,obvious reduction,decline 6 in...from....to... 从„„到„„期间，在„„方面有明显的下降。 13)(The number of (private cars) dropped sharply,went sharply down to…in… 在„„(时间)，(私家车)的数量急剧下降到„„(辆)。 14)(The number of (private cars) increased,rose by …, from…to… 在„„(时间)，(私家车)的数量增加了百分之„„ 15)(The number of (private cars) fell,dropped,declined by …,from…to… 在„„(时间)，(私家车)的数量下降了百分之„„ 16)(There was a slight fluctuation in the number of (private cars) from…to… 从„„到„„期间，(私家车)的数量有轻微的波动。 4.5 表示变化不大或没有变化的常用结构 1)(The number of (private cars) remained steady,stable,constant between…and… 从„„到„„期间，(私家车)的数量保持稳定。 2)(The number of (private cars) stayed the same between…and… 从„„到„„期间，(私家车)的数量并没有发生变化。 3)(There was little,hardly any change in the number of (private cars ) between…and… 从„„到„„期间，(私家车)的数量并没有发生变化。 4)(The number of (private cars) remained level between…and… 从„„到„„期间，(私家车)的数量趋于稳定。 5) The number of (private cars) remained steady at approximately…between…and… 从„„到„„期间，(私家车)的数量稳定在„„(辆)左右。 6)(The number of (private cars) appeared to level off. (私家车)的数量开始稳定下来了。 4.6 表示最高点或最低点的常用结构 1)(The situation,figures reached a peak,a high at …, in… 情况(数据)在„„(时间)达到顶点，为„„(数目)。 2)(The situation,figures bottomed out at …, in… 情况(数据)在„„(时间)达到最低点，为„„(数目)。 3)(The situation,figures peaked at …, in..... 情况(数据)在„(时间)达到顶点，为„„(数目)。 4)(The situation,figures hit a trough at ..., in… 情况(数据)在„„(时间)达到最低点，为„„(数目)。 5)(The number soared to a record high of… 数量剧增至历史新高，为„„(数目)。 4.7 表示倍数的常用结构 1)(A is twice,three times,four times what it was in…与„„(时间)相比，A 是原来的两倍(三倍、四倍)。 2)(A is twice,three times,four times the amount in… 与„„(时间)相比，A 是原来的两倍(三倍、四倍)。 3)(A is twice,three times,four times as much,many as...in… 与„„(时间)相比，A是原来的两倍(三倍、四倍): 7 4)(A is twice,three times,four times more than...in((( 与„„(时间)相比，A是原来的两倍(三倍、四倍)还要多。 5)(From…to…, A increased,dropped more than six fold( 从„„到„„期间，A增加(减少)了六倍。 6)(The output of steel in 1990 was 400, up compared with in 1980. 与1980年相比，1990年钢铁产量增加了四倍。 7)(The figure was roughly doubled,tripled,quintupled between…and…从„„ 到„„期间，数字大概是原来的两倍(三倍、五倍) 4.8上升增长 1)(„add up to„ 增加了 eg. The total amount of „ added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994. 2). to jump to / to soar to„„ 一跃达到/ 猛增到„ eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979. 3)(„an increase of about„percent as compared with„„ 与„相比大约增加了„ eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January. 4)(„to experience an increase/incline „有了增长 eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline. 4.9 下降，减少 1)(„to sink/drop/reduce to„ 减少到„ eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979. 2)(„to experience a decrease/decline „有了减少 eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease. 注意:修饰上升/减少的副词有: rapidly /slowly /dramatically /respectively 表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有: the highest peak/ the lowest point 10 million 10% 4.10 起伏 1)(„to go up and down „起伏不定 2)(There be ups and downs „有起有伏 eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in (某方面). 4.11(稳定 1)(„to remain steady/level/unchanged „保持稳定，几乎不变 eg. The rate of „remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967. 2)(„to level off (vi.) eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the „rate shows signs of leveling off. 注意:修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有: almost fairly 可以用于表达起伏，稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型: the general situation was not worsening show indications of improvement 8 it can be predicted that„ 4.12 成正比，反比 1)(„be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与„成正比/反比 eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio. 4.13 占百分之几，几分之几 1). „.to form/comprise/make up/constitute „.percent „占百分之„ eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the U.S. population. eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%. 2)(„to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of„„占„的1/2,1/3,1/4 eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total. 3)(„account for„percent 占百分之几 eg. „„, accounting for approximately 20 percent of„ 4.14 倍数 1)(A be „times as much/many as B eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan. 2)(A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的两倍，一半，三倍 eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year. 附一 圆盘比例型图表 例: 一个圆盘显示了大学生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的开销，它们各自占的比例依次是 60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描叙这个圆盘图。 描述: The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items. 4.15 原因结果 1) „.(结果)„, owing to (原因) [owing to 为分词结构] 2) „.(结果)„, attributable to(原因) [attributable to为形容词短语] 3) „.(结果) lie in the fact that(原因) [ 同位语从句 ] 4) „.(结果)result from(原因) [句型一般] 5) It is precisely because (原因)„that (导致结果)„ [强调结构] 9 6) „, as a result, „(导致结果)„ [as a result做插入语] 7) (原因)be responsible for(结果) [常见句型] 8) (原因)，which in turn(结果) eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic. 4.16 采取措施，提出建议 1). My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,„. Secondly,„. Finally,„ [常见句型] 2). If we let the situation go as it is, „. By that time, „. 如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么„„，到那个时候，„„。[比较好的 句型] 3). More and more people are realizing the importance of„ [进行时态， more and more比many好] 4). Great efforts/More measures/Due attention must be taken/paid to do „ [ 被动语态，due attention 和be paid to 搭配] 5). If„„, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果(我们怎么怎么做)，那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。[条件句，反问句] 6). It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望)/advisable(明智) for sb. to do sth. [It is „for „to do„句型] 7). enhance the awareness of people that„ 8). The first nut for us to crack is„ 我们首先要解决的是„„。 [比The first thing we should do is „ 句型 高级的多，精彩的多，生动的多] 9). „„as soon as possible [常见句型] 10). sth. be of the utmost importance [ be of n. 结构，比sth. be much important好] 4.17 方式，比较 1). (Just) as „, so„ 正如„ [ 比较句型 ] eg. Just as water is the most important of liquids, so air is the most important of gases. 2). in much the same way/manner that„ 正如„, 和„一样 eg. The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans do. 4.18让步 1). now that „„ 既然„„ [让步从句] eg. Now that the decision has been made, we must try our best to carry it out. 2). unless„not„ [ 让步从句] eg. It is a vicious cycle and unless you consider these social, economic and environmental problems in one context, you are not serious about meeting the challenges. [注意例句中的consider sth. in one context句型:把什么事情放在一 起加以综合考虑] 4.19 强调句 1). only [既是强调句,又是倒装句] eg. Only in this way can you hope to improve the present situation. 2). It is „that„ eg. It is because he was too careless that he failed in the exam. 10 3). nothing but 只不过;只有„ eg. If what we have been striving for is nothing but pleasure-seeking, our nation will be deprived of the right to rise.(这里nothing but 可以去掉,不影响 句意,但有了nothing but,就强调了后面的名词) 4.20 假设 1). Supposing„„, it is likely that„.假设„, 那么很可能„ [假设, 虚拟语态] eg. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. from an advertisement. 4.21 反问 1). What else can „? „„„„还能做什么呢? eg. What else can the poor parents do but obey? 这些可怜的家长除了听从外还能做什么呢? 2). How could „„? 怎能„. eg. How could I put the English books aside to read pastime books? 4.22 比较 1). A is to B what X is to Y. A对于B 就象X对于Y eg. Food is to man what oil is to machines. 2). „„more„, less„ eg. The closer to Christmas, the crazier they get; they become more agitated, less patient. 4.23 否定 1). 双重否定 not uncommon = common 平常的,普通的 not unusual = usual 平常的，通常的 not inevitable=evitable 可以避免的 (尽量把要强调的普通的形容词改成双重否定, 为文章多增加亮点) 2). by no means 并没有;当然不 3). no longer/more 不再 eg. I am no longer that ignorant girl. 4.24 程度 1). all the more 更加 eg. That makes London all the more fascinating, doesn't it? eg. It is all the more surprising therefore that„ 2). more than 做副词, 意为 "多过„", "比„以上", "比„更" eg. I am more than happy to hear from you. 3). more than you can„ 远超过你„ eg. The situation is very abominable more than you can stand.环境非常恶劣,你 无法忍受. 4.25 论相互关系 1). A have much(nothing) to do with B 2). A be closely related to B 3).A be directly bound up with B 4). a definite link between „and„ 4.26 直陈观点 11 1). more than„can 简直不,无法,难以„ eg. The beauty of the city is more than I can describe. 2). beyond description 无法描述 eg. The beauty of the city is beyond description. 3). There is no point(use) in doing„ „是没有任何意义的. 4). The first nut for us to crack is „ 我们首先要解决的问题是„ 5). short-sighted policy 眼光短浅的政策 6). while „„with one hand, „„with the other. 当(我们)一方面„., 而另一方 面„ eg. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. 7). far from 远离,远远不,非但不 eg. Far from taking exception(take exception:反对), no one is even mildly surprised. 8). be bound to eg. Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. 9). (or) vice-versa 反之亦然 10). sth. be measured in terms of „ sth.用„来衡量 eg. "success" is measured in terms of freedom from insecurity. 11).„. (现象)„, upon which views vary from person to person. 12).A be more essential to B. 对B来说, A是尤为关键重要的. 13).Distinguished scientific accomplishment is a matter of opportunity and of continuous and concentrated effort over long years. (很优美的句子,值得借鉴) 14). from the „point of view 从„角度来看 eg. From the health point of view 从健康的角度来看 15). „„must be rooted out in order to „. „必须根除以„ eg. Moral corruption must be rooted out in order to preserve the integrity of the state. 为了使国家健康发展,必须根除腐败. 16). „represent only the tip of the iceberg. „„.只是冰山一角 eg. The most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg. 17). The rapid progress in science and technology has given a powerful shove-ahead to the productive forces of the world and the economic and social development of humanity. 科技的快速发展带给世界生产力和人类经济和社会的发展一 个强劲的推动力(2001年****的七.一讲话). 18). „.stand tall and aim far, broaden one's vision and give full play to one's intelligence and wisdom on the broad arena of reform, opening-up and the modernization drive. 站的高看的远,开扩自己的视野,在改革开放和现代化建设的大舞台上充分 发挥个人才智(2001年****的七.一讲话). (句中很多的词组都是作文中可以 运用到的,比如改革开放:reform (and) opening-up等) 19) „.demonstrate the value of one's life and work hard to achieve feats that will live up to the expectations of the people and the times. 证实自己的人生价值, 努力的工作取得成就,而不辜负人民和时代的期望. (出处同上) 20).When asked about„, the overwhelming majority of people say that „.But other 12 people think of „ as„. / But I think quite differently. (对报刊上某一问题(已 有不同的人发表了不同的观点)发表自己的观点) 21). It is generally believed/accepted/held that„ 通常认为„. 22) It is no denying the fact that„. 无可否认„ 23) „„ , so„that„ eg. The river is very clear, so clear that you can see the fishes coming and going in it. eg. Everything is covered with a thick layer of dust, so poisonous that all the grass, trees, vegetables and flowers gradually die. 4.27 辨证分析 1). Just as the popular saying goes, "Every coin has two sides". From one side,„. from the other side,„. 正如一个谚语所说的, "每个硬币都有两面(事物都是 一分为二的)".从一方面看„„„ 从另一方面来看„„„ 4.28 副词 1). admittedly 应当承认: Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. 2). simply 简而言之: The answer is simply money. 3). discreetly 小心谨慎地: point out discreetly that„ 4). conceivably 可以想象地: Smoking may, conceivably, be harmful. 5). surely 肯定地: This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. 6). eagerly 渴望地 7). increasingly 不断增长地 While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. 8). honestly: 诚实地: the government is honestly concerned about the welfare of its people 政府真心实意地关心它的人民的福利 9). certainly: 当然地 As individuals we are certainly weak, but if „作为个人,我们当然是弱小的,但 是如果„ 5. 写作方法 5.1 chat/diagram/table/graph shows the difference/change between…during the period …,/from .. to…../since… . According to(As shown in, As can be seen from, As we can see from the above table/chart/ graph/ figure/diagram/statistics, great changes took place in …from …to … . Compared with/ By comparison with X, there is/was/has been a slight/ small/ slow/ gradual/steady/ large/sharp/ dramatic/ sudden/ rapid/ great rise/ increase/ decrease/ decline/reduction/ fall/ drop/ fluctuation in … . , …twice as much as that of … , …three times larger than… 13 , …four times that of… , …increased by/to 50% , …increased/decreased by x percent , …decreased/ fell/ increased/ rose from … to … , The figure/ percentage has nearly doubled/ tripled, as against that of … , …rose/dropped almost twice, compared with.. , …had more than doubled, as against… , the rate has reached an average of x percent… , …accounts for x percent of the total/ , After leveling off for 3 years, the rate starts rising once again... 5.2 were there great changes in? … As for me/ So far as I am concerned/ Personally/ In my opinion/ Personally, there were two/ three major reasons for the changes in … . First of all, … . Secondly, … . Finally, … . 5.3conclusion/ Therefore/ In summary/ To sum up/ In a word/ From the above discussion/ analysis, we can/ may say that … .(Therefore/Thus/In conclusion, Finally, it can be concluded/we may say that…_ Model Changes in People' s Diet (1991.6) According to/As shown in/ As can be seen from/As we can see from the above table/ chart/ graph, great changes took place in people' s diet from 1986 to 1990. On the whole, the consumption of grain decreased year by year, while that of some high-energy food, such as milk and meat, increased consistently. In my opinion, there were two major reasons for the changes in people' s diet. Firstly, people gave their attention to the quality of their diet. Secondly, people could afford to buy more expensive food with better nutrition owing to the increase of their income. From the above analysis, we can see that people' s living standard improved remarkably in the five years from 1986 to 1990. And we can also anticipate that they will live more and more comfortably and wealthily in the future. 第三部分 应用文 1. 书信 1.1 信封的格式 在信封正面的中间略偏右的地方写收信人的地址，注意要先写收信人的姓名， 再从小到大写上收信人的地址，寄信人的地址则按从小到大的顺序写在信封的左 上角，或者是写在信封的背面。 在收信人名称之前，应冠以尊称，例如: (1) Mr.(Mister)，用于无职衔的男子。 (2) Mrs. ( Mistress)。用于已婚女子。 14 (3) Miss，用于未婚女子。 (4) Misses(Miss的复数)，用于复数未婚女子。 (5)Dr?(Doctor)，用于博士。 )pro.(professor)，用于大学教授。 (6 (7)Ms. 用于女士通称。 1.2 信头(Heading): 发信人的地址和发信日期，写在信纸的右上角，距信纸的顶头约一英寸;先 写地址后写日期。地址按门牌号码---街名---城市---国名等由小到大的顺序书写; 日期可按日---月---年的顺序或月---日---年的顺序写。 1.3 信内地址: 收信人的姓名和地址，写在信纸的左上角，低于信头最后一行。 1.4 称呼(Greeting): 收信人的称呼，写在信纸的左边，低于信内地址。 Dear Madam: 亲爱的女士: Dear Sir: 亲爱的先生: Dear Sirs: 亲爱的先生们: My dear Madam: 亲爱的女士: My dear Sir: 亲爱的先生 1.5 正文(Body): 信的内容，从左向右横写，低于称呼语，常在缩进四、五个字母处起笔。 1.6 结束语(Closing): 发信人表示自己对收信人的一种客套称呼，写在书信正文结尾下面低两行的 位置上。一般它均从正中或偏右处写起。结束语的第一个字母必须大写，后面须 加上逗号。收信人与写信人之间是朋友关系时常用: Yours， Yours ever， Sincerely yours，等。 1.7 签名(Signature): 发信人自己的姓名，写在结束语的下面一行。可与结束语齐头或略向右靠一 点儿。 Sample 1 感谢信Letter of Thanks 题目:假如你是一个即将毕业的高三学生，在毕业前要为你的老师写感谢信，在 信中你应提到自己在学校生活中的感受收获，这个老师给留的最深刻的印象以及 你的感激。80-100字 Dear Mr. Wang, Do you remember the boy who broke the blackboard two years ago? A few weeks later, I will leave the school and you for a further study in the college. At this moment I want to say Thank you again to you. During the three years here, I learned a lot. I learned not only the knowledge but also a useful man to the society. I will never forget that its you that helped me to build my confidence when I met with difficulties in my study. At that time, I was poor in academics and manners. one day, when I felt depressed, I broke the blackboard. You came to talk with me. You told me that a real man never disturbs others or destroys 15 public property just because he feels unhappy. Tears followed down my checks. Then you helped me design a study plan and improve my study habits. Now, Im going to leave. Ill remember you and yoru words and keep studying. Yours Sincerely Linling Sample 2 道歉信Letter of Apology Dear Martin, I am looking forward to your visit. Just think, after all these years of writing to each other, we will finally have the chance to meet! However, I am sorry that I will not be able to meet you at the airport as soon as you arrive. The reason is that your flight will arrive early in the morning, and the earliest I can get to the airport will be about an hour after you land. Please wait for me in the arrival lounge. You should be able to have breakfast there while you wait. By the way, as we have never met I must tell you how to recognize me. I am of medium height and have a small moustache. In addition, I will be carrying a copy of the morning newspaper tucked under my left arm. Looking forward to our meeting. Yours sincerely, Li Ming Sample 3 求职信Letter of Application Dear Sir or Madam, I am a senior from the Department of Business Administration. I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for your recently advertised position for a staff member. I am sure that I am qualified for it. First, enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous academic qualifications and work Experience. Second, not only do my qualifications and experience make me a perfect candidate for it, my cheerful personality is well suited to working as staff member. Last, my hobbies include sports and music. Words fall me when I try to express my heartfelt gratitude to the help you render me. Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated. Yours sincerely, Li Ming Sample 4 订购信Order Letter Dear Sir or Madam, As I am Planning to take the National Entrance Test of English for MA/Ms Candidates(NETEM), I have decided to place an order of some NETEM 16 books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and thehigh quality of your books. Firstly, please give me particular accounts as regards names, authors, publishing houses and prices of these books. Secondly, I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service. Thirdly, I wonder if ti is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1,2007. I have arranged to pay for the service. I would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my Requests. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 2. 假条 (Note) 假条格式比书信要简单，只需要称呼和落款、日期就可以了。 假设你在一家销售公司工作，业余时间参加英语口语培训，但下周的培训你无法 参加，因为经理派你出差。你准备写一张给外籍教师Dick的假条。假条中你要说 明不能上课的具体原因，请谅解，并希望Dick帮你录下当天上课的内容，回来听。 字数 80-100 January 26, 2003 Dear John, I would like to apply for an annual leave for 3 days from tomorrow. Because I would like to go back to my hometown for my sole brothers wedding on January 28th. Im looking forward to your kind answer. Your sincerely, Linlin 3. 通知 Notice A:书信形式的通知 Dear Examinee: As you know, due to unfortunate circumstances, ETS was forced to cancel the scores of the octorber 1992 ToEFL administration in the peoples Republic of China. At that time, you were notified that you would be able to take another ToEFL without charge up through the october 1993administration. You should be aware that the ToEFL program has a long standing policy of not refunding test fees when administrations are cancelled. We apologize for any inconvenience that this may cause to you. 17 Russell Webster Executive Director ToEFL program Educational Testing Service 诸考生: 如你所知，很遗憾，教育考试服务处被迫取消1992年10月在中华人民共和国进行的托福考试成绩，当时，我方通知你直至1993年10月止，可免费参加在此期间的任何一次考试。你本应知道托福考试项目有一条长期有效的政策:当考试被取消时，之后的一次考试不再收取费用。 因此带给您的不便，深表歉意。 教育考试服务处，托福考试项目执行主任: 拉塞尔;韦伯斯特(签字) 4. 简历 Resume 英文简历的格式结构括页眉部分、教育背景、工作经历和个人资料四部分。 4.1页眉部分 1)名字，名字有7种写法: 例如秦方: 1) Qin Fang 2) Fang Qin 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 的、外资公司流行的简历中的名字写法，则是第二种，Qin Fang。 有人用粤语拼写自己的姓氏。比如，王写成Wong，李写成Lee。这只是香港人的拼法，并不是国际的拼法。 另外，有一小部分人用外国人的姓， 如Mary Smith，这是非常不可取的。因为如果你用外国人的姓，别人会认为你是外国人，或者你父亲是外国人，或者你嫁给了外国人。 双字名，也有四种写法， 例: (1)Xiao-feng (2)Xiao-Feng (3)Xiaofeng (4)Xiao Feng，列出四种来，我们建议用第三种，Xiaofeng，最简单方便。大家一看就知是名而不是姓，要不然，大家有可能会误认为你是姓肖的。 2)地址 北京以后要写中国，但不必用pRC等，因为用China简单清楚。邮编的标准写法是放在省市名与国名之间，起码放在China之前，因为是中国境内的邮编。 3)电话 ? 前面一定加地区号，如(86-10)。因为你是在向外国公司求职，你的简历很可能被传真到伦敦、纽约，大家不知道你的地区号，也没有时间去查。另外，国外很流行user friendly，即想尽办法给对方创造便利，尤其是在找工作时，更要加深这一意识。 ? 8个号码之间加一个-，如6505-2266。这样，认读拨打起来比较容易，否则，第一次打可能会看错位。 ? 区号后的括号和号码间加空格，如 (86-10) 6505-2266。这是英文写作的规定格式。 18 ? 写手机或者向别人通报手机时，也有一定的 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 ，要用4-3-4原则，如1380-105-6789 4.2教育背景 时间要倒序，最近的学历要放在最前面。 学历，可以把学历名称放在最前。 社会工作，担任班干部，只写职务就可以了 奖学金，一般用一句话概括。如果有多个，也争取用一句话概括。 4.3个人资料 无论是教育背景、工作经历，还是个人资料，既可以首字母大写，也可以全部字母大写，还可以全部字母小写。 语言 电脑 资格证书 4.4兴趣爱好 写强项、只写两到三项 4.5工作经历 首先要强调一下，对于正在工作的人，Experience应写在Education的前面，而对于在校生Education则应放在Experience之前。 4.6公司简介 对于新公司、小公司或招聘公司不甚熟悉的某些行业的公司，为了保险起见都不妨介绍一两句， 有些外国人可能对中国的公司不太知道，因此要介绍一下。长度以两行为宜。 4.7工作经历顺序 倒序，这是非常流行的方式。 技能类别，这主要是为了强调自己的某种技能 英文简历样本,(适合毕业生)- Room XXX Building XXX Beijing University, Beijing 100084 (010) 6******00 E-mail:good@beijing.edu.com Qin Fang _____________________________________________________________________ Objective To obtain a challenging position as software engineer with an emphasis in softw are design and development 19 Education 1997.9-2000.6 Dept. Automation, Graduate School of Beijing University, M.E. 1993.9-1997.7 Dept. Automation, Beijing University, B.E. Academic Main Courses Mathematics: Advanced Mathematics Probability and Statistics Linear Algebra Engineering Mathematics Numerical Algorithm Operational Algorithm Electronics and Computer Circuit principal Data Structures Digital Electronics Artificial Intelligence Computer Local Area Network Computer Abilities Skilled in use of MS Frontpage, Win 95/NT, Sun, Javabeans, HTML, CGI, java script, perl, Distributed objects, CoRBA, C, C++, project 98, office 97, Rationa l Requisitepro, process, pascal, pL/I and SQL software. English Skills Have a good command of both spoken and written English. ToEFL:620 Scholarships and Awards 1999.3 Jia Chen Award, the top honor given by Beijing University 1998.11 Metal Machining practice Award 1997.4 Academic progress Award Qualifications General business knowledge relating to financial Have a passion for the Internet, and an abundance of common sense 英文简历样本2 (适合有工作经验者), RESUME Personal Information Family name: Qin Given Name: Fang Date of Birth: July 10, 1975 Birth place: Beijing Sex: Male Marital Status: Unmarried Telephone: (010)6******00 pager: 600-1234567 E-mail: email@chinaemai.com Work Experience: Nov. 1998- presents CICS Inc, as a director of software development and web publishing. organized and attended trade shows (Comdex 99). Summer of 1997 IBM Company as a technician, designed various web sites. De 20 signed and maintained the web site of our division independently from selecting suitable materials, content editing to designing web page by Frontpage, photoShop and Java as well. Education: 1991 - August 1996 Dept. Automation, Beijing University, B.E. Achievements & Activities: president and Founder of the Costumed Committee Established the organization as a member of IBM president of Communications for the Marketing Association Representative in the Student Association Computer Abilities: Skilled in use of MS Frontpage, Win 95/NT, Sun, Javabeans, HTML, CGI, java script, perl, Distributed objects, CoRBA, C, C++, project 98, office 97, Rational Requisitepro, process, pascal, pL/I and SQL software English Skills: Have a good command of both spoken and written English. ToEFL: 620 Others: Aggressive, independent and be able to work under a dynamic environment. Studious nature and dedication are my greatest strengths. Have coordination skills, teamwork spirit. 5. 英语简历相关语句 Useful Expressions for English Resumes 5.1说明应聘职位 Stating Your Job objective 1). A responsible administrative position which will provide challenge and freedom where I can bring my initiative and creativity into full play. 负责管理的职位，该职位将提供挑战和自由，使我能充分发挥我的进取精神及创 造能力。 2). An executive assistant position utilizing interests, training and experience in office administration. 行政助理的职位，能运用办公室管理方面的兴趣，训练与经验。 3). A position in management training programs with the eventual goal of 21 participating in the management rank of marketing. 管理培训计划方面的职位。最终目标在参与市场管理层。 4). An entry-level position in sales. Eventual goal; manager of marketing department. 销售方面的初级职位。最终目标:销售部门的经理。 5). A position requiring analytical skills in the financial or investment field. 财务或投资领域需运用分析技巧的职务。 6). To begin as an accounting trainee and eventually become a manager. 从当会计见习开始，最后成为经理。 7). An entry-level position in an accounting environment, which ultimately leads to financial management. 会计部门的初级职务，最后能够管理财务。 8). A position as data-processing manager that will enable me to use my knowledge of computer systems. 资料处理经理的职务，能保证我运用电脑系统的知识。 9). An entry-level position responsible for computer programming. 负责计算机程序设计的初级职务。 10). Administrative assistant to an executive where short-hand and typing skills will be assets. 高级管理人员的行政助理，将用上速记和打字技能。 11). A position which will utilize my educational background in biology, with prospects of promotion. 谋求能运用我在生物学方面的学识，并有晋升前途的职位。 12). A position in charge of management training programs. 负责管理培训项目的职位。 13). Responsible managerial position in human resources. 人力资源方面负责管理的职务。 14). A position in Foreign Trade Department, with opportunities for 22 advancement to management position in the department. 外贸部门的职位，有机会晋升到该部门的经理职务。 15). An administrative secretarial position where communication skills and a pleasant attitude toward people will be assets. 行政秘书的职务，用得上交际技巧和与人为善的态度。 16). A position as a design engineer in an engineering department. 工程部门设计工程师的职位。 17). Looking for a position as a computer programmer with a medium-sized firm. 谋求一家中型公司的计算机程序员职位。 18). To serve as sales promoter in a multinational corporation with a view to promotion in position and assignment in parent companys branch abroad. 担任多国公司的推销员，期望在职位上有晋升并能分派到母公司的海外分公司去 工作。 5.2 说明教育程度 Stating Your Education 1). Useful Courses for English-teaching include: psychology, teaching methodology,phonetics, rhetoric, grammar, composition. 对英语教学有用的课程包括:心理学、教学方法论、语音学、修辞学、语法、写 作。 2). Specialized courses pertaining to foreign trade: Marketing principles, international marketing, practical English correspondence and telecommunications, foreign exchange, business English. 和外贸相关的专门课程:市场学原理、国际营销学、实用英语函电、外汇兑换、 商务英语。 3). Courses taken that would be useful for computer programming are: Computer science, systems design and analysis, FORTRAN programming, PASCAL programming, operating systems, systems management. 对计算机编程有用的课程有:计算机学、系统设计与分析、FORTRAN编程学、p ASCAL编程学、操作系统、系统管理。 23 4). Academic preparation for management: Management:principles of management, organization theory, behavioral science. Communication: Business Communication, Cersonnel Management, Human Relations. Marketing: Marketing Theory, Sales Management. 大学时为管理所做的学术准备: 管理学:管理学原理、组织理论、行为学。 交际学:商务交际、人事管理、人际关系。 市场学:市场学理论、营销管理。 5). Curriculum included: Electric power systems, 90; Signal processing, 88; Systems and control, 92; Electric energy systems, 92; Solid-state electronics, 88; Communications, 94. 课程包括:电力系统，90分;讯号处理，88分;系统控制，92分;电力能源系统， 92分;固体电子学，88分;通讯，94分。 6). Major courses contributing to management qualification: Management, accounting, economics, marketing, sociology. 对管理资格有帮助的主要课程:管理学、会计学、经济学、市场学、社会学。 7). Courses completed: History of mass communication, 88; Chinas communication history, 92; Media research, 90; public opinion, 92; Conceptual analysis, 88; Content analysis, 90; Advertising, 92; New media technology, 94. 所修课程:大众传播史，88分;中国传播史，92分;媒体研究，90分;舆论学， 92分;概念分析，88分;内容分析，90分;广告学，92分;新媒体方法，94分。 8). Courses in industrial designs and related field: Dynamic systems, evaluationand management of designs, systems and control, ergonomics, tensile structures,structural analysis, computer-aided design, applied mechanics. 工业设计及其相关领域的课程:动力系统、设计评估与管理、系统控制、人类工 程学、张力结构、结构分析、计算机辅助设计、应用力学。 9). Among the pertinent courses I have taken are: office administration, secretarial procedures, business communication, psychology, data-processing, typing, shorthand. 在相关的课程中我修过的有:办公室管理、秘书程序、商务交际、心理学、资料 处理、打字、速记。 10). Majored in banking. Courses covered are as follows: Banking operations, 89; banking and computers, 90; loans, 92; letters of credit, 90; savings, 88; foreign exchange, 92; telegraphic transfers, 90; remittances, 94; financial 24 systems in the west, 92. 主修金融学。涉及的课程有如下几门:银行业务，89分; 银行与计算机，90分;贷款，92分;信用证，90分;储蓄，88分;外汇兑换，9 2分;电汇，90分;汇款，94分;西方金融 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 ，92分。 5.3 说明工作经历 Stating Your Work Experience 1). Sales manager. In addition to ordinary sales activities and management of department, responsible for recruiting and training of sales staff members. 销售部经理。除了正常销售活动和部门管理之外，还负责招聘与训练销售人员。 2). Assistant to the General Manager of Shenzhen petrochemical Industrial Corporation Ltd..Handled the itinerary schedule of the general manager. Met clients as a representative of the corporation. Helped to negotiate a $5,000,000 deal for the corporation. 深圳石油化工集团股份有限公司总经理助理。安排总经理的出差旅行计划时间表。 作为公司代表接见客户。协助公司谈成了一笔五百万美圆的交易。 3). Secretary to president of Silverlion group Corporation Ltd.. Responsibilities: Receiving visitors, scheduling meetings, taking and typing dictation, writing routine letters and reports. 银利来集团有限公司董事长秘书。职责:接待访客、安排会议、笔录并打字、书 写日常信函及报告。 4). public relations girl at Guangzhou Holiday Inn. Full-time in summers, part-time during school. 在广州文化假日酒店当公关小姐。暑期全职，上课时间兼职。 5). Assistant to manager of accounting department of a joint venture enterprise. Analyzed data and relevant financial statistics, and produced monthly financial statements. 一家合资企业会计部门经理的助理。分析数据及相关财务统计数字，而且提出每 月的财务报告。 6). Worked 21 hours weekly as a salesgirl at the bookstore of Shenzhen University. Earned 45% of college expenses. 在深圳大学书店当售货员，每周工作21小时，砖了大学费用的45%。 7). production manager: Initiated quality control resulting in a reduction in working hours by 20% while increasing productivity by 25%. 生产部经理:引入质量控制，使工作时数减少了20%，而生产力则提高了25%。 8).practical summer experience. Clerked at one-and-one clothes Store in charge of sales, 1992. Employed at Guangzhou Restaurant as waitress, 1993. 25 暑期的实际经验。1992年，在一加一服装店当店员，负责销售。1993年，在广州 酒家当侍应小姐。 9). Staff member of Shanxi Textiles Import and Export Company. Handled import of textiles from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan. Increased sales by 25% from 1990 to 1993. Made frequent business trips to these places to negotiate with textile mills. 山西纺织品进出口公司职员。处理从香港、澳门、台湾进口纺织品事宜。从1990 年到1993年增加了25%的销售额。经常出差到这些地方跟纺织厂商洽谈。 10). Tourist guide during the summer vacation for Beijing International Travel Service. Conducted tours for foreign tourists on trip around the city. 暑假期间为北京国际旅行社当导游。负责外国旅客在城区的观光旅游。 5.4 说明任职资格 Stating Your Qualifications 1). University major in computer science, three years of part-time work in a computer software company. 在大学主修计算机科学，在计算机软件公司兼职三年。 2). Experienced operator: Word processor SV68, 60 wpm. 有经验的操作人员:文字处理机SV68型，每分钟60个单词。 3). Educational background in business administration with a major in secretarial science and two summers of full-time work experience. Working knowledge of all common office machines. 有工商管理的学历，主修秘书学，两年暑假的全职工作经验。对办公室所有常用 机器有运用知识。 4). office skills include; operating English word processor and microcomputer, taking shorthand 85 wpm. 办公室工作技能包括:操作英文文字处理机及微型电子计算机、速记每分钟85个 字。 5). Four years of experience in marketing, in addition to a bachelors degree in management with major in marketing. Like to be challenged with a responsible job. 除了主修市场学的管理学士学位，还有四年的市场营销经验。喜欢迎战责任重大 的工作。 26 6). University education in management with an emphasis on accounting, involving the use of computers. Able to comprehend financial statements. 在大学修管理学，以会计为主，包含电脑的使用。能理解财务报告。 7). Ability to organize marketing campaigns and to supervise employees. Effective communication abilities and public relations skills. 具有组织市场活动和督导员工的能力，并具有效的交际能力和公关技巧。 8). Three years of successful job experience ranging from sales responsibilities to management of marketing department. Adaptable, versatile, industrious. 三年的成功工作经验，范围从销售职责到市场部门的管理。适应性强、善变通、 勤奋。 9). Special training in accounting at Guangdong College of Commerce and three years of practical experience in accounting environment. Enjoy working with people. Responsible and reliable. 在广东商学院接受会计方面的专门培训，并有三年在会计部门的实际经验。喜欢 和别人一同工作。负责可靠。 10). Work experience in personnel affairs in a foreign capital enterprise coupled with educational background specialized in personnel management. Maintain good human relations. 外资企业人事事务的工作经验，加上人事管理的专门学历背景。保持良好的人际 关系。 11). Five years working experience in teaching English at a middle school coupled with educational background specialized in English Instruction at Guangzhou Teachers College. Ability to listen and sensitivity to the needs of students. 有五年在中学进行英语教学的工作经验，加上在广州师范学院专攻英语教学的学 历背景。能倾听学生意见，对学生的需求敏感。 12). Good university education with Japanese as my major combined with practical experience in translating business documents. Worked as an interpreter in Japan for a Chinese investigation group for three months. 良好的大学教育，主修日语，加上翻译商务文件的实际经验。为中国考察团在日 本当过三个月的译员。 6. 备忘录 MEMO 范文: 同事明天要出差，说好你要去送她，突然你接到你父亲的电话，得知你母 亲病重，要你马上回家。离开办公室的时候，同事正在开会，为此请你用英语给 她写一张50左右的便条，告诉她: 27 你为什么马上要回家; 明天你可能不去机场送她; 最后祝她旅途愉快。 范文: Date: Nov 4,2011 To: Dear Mary. From : LiMing I have to go home at once because my father phoned me just now, he said that my mother was badly ill and we need to send her to hospital. I'm sorry to tell you that may be tomorrow I can't go to the airport to see you off. I wish you a good trip. 7. 广告Advertisemenrt 7.1 海报(poster)多是宣传广告。 英文海报的内容常为球讯、影讯等。登出海报的日期常写在最后一行，顶格 写。一般的英文海报的格式如下:(请注意这篇英文海报范文的左右对齐或者居中 的格式) 范文: POSTER Friendly Basketball Match All Are Welcome Orgnised by the Students' Union of our school, a friendly basketball match will be held between No.3 Middle School team and ours on the basketball court on Saturday, June 5, 1993 at 4 p.m. The School Students' Union Tuesday, June 1. 7.2 招聘广告 招聘广告主要包括以下几个方面的内容:公司简介，招聘原因和条件以及联 系方式。 范文: ABC Training Center ABC Training Center is professional language training institute. Due to rapid development , we are in urgent need of full-time foreign teachers as follow: 1) Native English speaker 2) Rich teaching experience 3) Familiar with Chinese culture 4) Open and active, friendly and patient, enthusiastic and cooperative 5) Those who can speak a bit Chinese are preferred We offer competitive benefits. Please contact Miss Tang by telephone:7887881 or E-mail: ABCTraining@163.com 28 第四部分 作文万能句 (一)段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2. 俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多 场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。 更为糟糕的是……。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……。 Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 29 9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处， 但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。 很显然……，但是为什么呢, According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why? (二)中间段落句 1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。 On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____. 2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。 But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all， ___. 3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，……。 而且……，最重要的是…… ______is necessary and important to our country"s development and construction. First，______.What"s more, _____.Most important of all,______. 4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。 There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______ 5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方 面， Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing，______For another，______ 6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______. 30 7. 为什么……,第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总 的来说，……的主要原因是由于…… Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______. 8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______. 9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。 Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous. 10. 完全同意……这种观点(陈述)，主要理由如下: I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______. (三)结尾句 1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为…… As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____. 2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将 来……。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future. 3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……。然而， 把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)…… But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______. 4. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为…… Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______. 5. 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自 31 已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。 With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better. 6. 至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能…… For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____. 7. 对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下:第一，……; 第二，……;最后…… 但同样重要的是…… In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______. 8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然 而，就我个人而言，我发现……。 It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______. 9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论…… From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____. 10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不 到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是…… If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____. 第五部分 作文模板 (可作适当改变后背诵，以防雷同作文) (1)要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1( 有一些人认为...2( 另一些人认为...3( 我的看法... The topic of ?-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ?-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, ?-------------理由二). Moreover, ?---------------(理由三). 32 While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),?------------------(理由 二). Thirdly (finally),?------------------(理由三). From my point of view, I think ?----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ?--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . (2) 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ?----------------(观点一). For example, they think ?-----------------(举例说明)(And it will bring them ?-----------------(为他们带来的 好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,?-------------(我 不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ?-----------------(反对的理由之二)( Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ?------------------(我对 文章所讨论主题的看法)( 阐述主题题型 要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述( ,(阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义( ,(分析并举例使其更充实( The good old proverb ----------------(名言或谚语)reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it. First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)( In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it. 解决方法题型 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 ,(问题现状 ,(怎样解决(解决 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 的优缺点) In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明,的现状)(Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明 现状) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解 决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三). Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处). 说明利弊题型 这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个 角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预 测) ,(说明事物现状,.事物本身的优缺点(或一方面),.你对现状(或前景)的看 法 33 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(,的优点 之一). Besides -------------------(,的优点之二). But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(,的第一个缺点)(To make matters worse,------------------(,的第二个缺点)( Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)( (From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)() 议论文的框架 (1) 不同观点列举型(选择型) There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一 _______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______. As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二 ______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________. (2)利弊型的议论文 Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____. Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺 点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___. ( 3 ) 答题性议论文 34 Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目 _______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____. Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____. 图表作文的框架 as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________. There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded. 实用性写作(申请信 ) Your address Month, Date, yea Receiver's address Dear ..., I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in .... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising. .../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one 35 hand, .... On the other hand, .... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference. I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience. Best regards for your health and success. Sincerely yours, X X X Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities . It is estimated that ( 1 ). Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is that ( 2 ) .Besides,( 3 ) . The third reason is ( 4 ). To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to ( 5 ) . It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing ,( 6 ). On the other hand ,( 7 ). All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX . 注释: (1)用具体数据说明XX现象(2)原因一(3)原因二(4)原因三(5)指出主 要原因 (6)解决建议一(7)解决建议二 Generation gap between parents and children. Nowadays, there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and children which is so- called generation gap . It is estimated that (75 percent of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children usually think their parents too old fashioned). Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows . The first one is that ( the two generations, having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes ,thus the disagreement often rises between them) . Besides(due to having little in common to talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face ) . The third reason is (with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas ).To sum up , the main cause of XX is due to ( lake of communication and understanding each other) . It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing (children should respect their parents ).On the other hand , ( parents also should show solicitue for their children). All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap . 36 第六部分 常考易混短语辨析 1.add to, add … to, add up to add to 是个及物动词词组，后直接跟宾语，意为:"增加，增添"。add„to的意思是"把„„加到„„上"，add是个及物动词，to是介词。add up to 是"加起来等于，总达"的意思，后多跟数字。如: ?His illness added to our difficulties.他的病增加了我们的困难。 ?Would you please add a few notes to the article?你能给这篇文章加些注释吗, ?This bill adds up to $15.这个账单总计15美元. 2.adhere to, stick to 两个短语都是"坚持"之意。如果坚持的是"意见，计划，决定，原则"等，两词可互换。如果坚持的是一种活动，只能用stick to。如: ?He sticks to (adheres to) his opinion.他固执已见。 ?He sticks to the study of English.他坚持学习英语。 3.a kind of, of a kind, kind of a kind of 是前置定语，后接不可数名词或可数名词单数，意为:"一种，某种"。of a kind 是固定短语，作后置定语，意为:"同类的，质量低劣的"。kind of 是副词短语，意为:"有一点，稍微，似乎"。如: ?It was a kind of fruit with a hard crust.那是一种壳很硬的水果。 ?They are two of a kind.他们俩是一种货色。 ?We had coffee of a kind.我们喝的咖啡质量太差。 ?He looks kind of weak after his illness.他病后有点虚弱。 4(a many of, many a a many of 相当于a great (good) many, 后接名词的复数，谓语动词也用复数。many a 表示“许多”，后接名词单数，谓语动词也用单数。如: ?There are a many ( a great many) schools in Zhengzhou.郑州有很多学校。 ?Many a man has seen the film before.很多人以前看过这部影片。 5.anything but, nothing but, none but anything but 意思是“根本不，决不”，后接名词或形容词。nothing but意为“仅仅，只不过”，相当于only。none but 相当于nothing but,意思是“除了„„之外，什么也没有”，或“只有”。如: ?The exam was anything but easy.这一次考试绝不容易。 ?He is nothing but a teacher.他只不过是个教师而已。 ?They chose none but the best.他们只有选择最好的。 6.as a result, as a result of as a result 是个介词短语，作接续状语，用逗号与其他部分分开，意思是:“结果，因此”。as a result of 是短语介词，后接名词或名词短语，意思是:“由于„„的结果”，“因为„„”。如: 37 ?She didn’t study hard, as a result, she failed in the exam.她学习不努力，结果考试没及格。 ?He was killed as a result of the plane crash.他死于飞机失事。 7.as it is , as it was, as it were as it is 用于句首，意思是:“照当时的情况”或“事实上”，过去时用as it was。 as it were 是独立成分，作插入语使用，常位于句中，意思是:“可以说，好像是”。如: ?As it is, she has to stay at home.事实上，她非呆在家里不可。 ?The sky is covered,as it were, with a black curtain.天空好像被黑幕遮住了似的。 8.at (the) least, in the least at (the) least 意思是“至少”，“不论怎么样”。in the least与not连用，意思是“一点也不”。如: ?It requires at leats 2 days.这事至少需要两天的时间。 ?I’m not in the least tired.我一点也不累。 9.at ease, with ease at ease 意思是:“快活地，舒适地”。with ease表示“容易地”的意思，相当于easily,如: ?I always feel ill at ease in strange place.在陌生的地方我总感到很不舒服。 ?This thing can be done with great ease.这件事情轻而易举地就可办成。 10.before long, long before before long是“很快，不久”的意思，可用于各种时态。long before是“很久以前”的意思，一般用于过去时态。如: ?I will see the film before long.我不久就要看这部电影。 ?He said he had seen the film long before.他说他很久以前看过这部电影。 11.begin with, to begin with begin with 是动词短语，作谓语，表示“以„„开始”的意思。to begin with 是不定式短语作独立成分，作插入语使用，意思是:“首先”。如: ?Let’s begin with the question.让我们先从这个问题谈起。 ?I can’t go to travel. To begin with, I have no time, besides, I have no money.我不能去旅游。首先我没时间，再说我也没钱。 12.be responsible for, be responsible to 两词均表示“对„„负责”。be responsible for是对事负责，be responsible to 是对人负责。如: ?I’ll be responsible for what he has done.我会对他做的一切负责。 ?He is responsible to me.他对我负责。 13.break one’s word, eat one’s words break one's word意思是“失言，食言，毁约”的意思，word只能用单数。eat one's words意思是因为意识到自己的过失而“收回前言”，或者“承认错误”，words只能用复数。如: ?He is a man who never breaks his word. 他是个绝不食言的人。 ?It’s hard for a haughty man to eat his words.要一个傲慢的人认错很难。 14.by contrast, in contrast to (with) be contrast 是个介词短语，表示“通过比较，对比之下”的意思。in contrast to 38 (with)是个短语介词，意思是“和„„对比”，“与„„截然不同”。如: ?We can find the similarities and differences between them by contrast. 通过比较，我们能看到他们之间的共性与不同点。 ?In contrast to (with) your belief, we succeeded.与你认为的正相反，我们成功了。 15.by heart, at heart by heart 意思是:“靠记忆”，常与get, learn, know等搭配。at heart意思是:“在内心深处”。如: ?My daughter learned many poems by heart.我女儿背了许多许。 ?You are corrupted at heart. 你骨子里是腐败的。 16..compare to, compare with compare to 一般用来说明两个比较对象之间的共性，意思是:“把„„比作„„”。compare with意思是:“把„„和„„相比较”，目的是找出不同点。另外，compare with可与can not或者can连用，意思是:“(不)能相比，(不)可匹敌”等意思。如: ?Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把人生比做舞台。 ?The lecturer compared the two poets with each other.这位演讲者把那两个诗人相互作了比较。 ?He can not compare with Shakespeare as a writer of tragedies.作为一个悲剧作家，他无法与莎士比亚相比。 17.complain about/ on, complain of 两个短语都有“抱怨”的意思。complain about/ on批“抱怨”时，意思是泛泛的、没有具体内容的唠叨。complain of 是有具体的“抱怨”的对象和肉容，也可以用来表示“投诉”的意思。如: ?She always complains about (on) her life.她总是抱怨生活。 ?She complains of his laziness.她抱怨他太赖。 18.correspond to, correspond with 这两个短语在作“符合，一致”讲时可以互换，但correspond with还可以表示“„„保持通信联系”的意思。correspond to 表示“等于，与„„相称”的意思。如: ?The house exactly corresponds with (to) our needs.这个房子恰好符合我们的需要。 ?We have kept corresponding with each other since graduation.从毕业后，我们一直保持联系。 ?His expenses do not correspond to his income.他的花费与他的收入不相称。 19.consist in, consist of, consist with consist in 意思是:“在于„„，以„„为主要或惟一因素”。consist of意思是:“由„„组成，由„„构成”，可以与composed of 互换。consist with 意思是:“与„„一致”，“符合”，相当于be in harmony with。另外，consist是不及物动词，不能用于被动结构。如: ?The difference between the two machines consists with power.这两台机器的差别在于功率的不同。 ?The book consists of six chapters.全书共分六章。 ?His action consists with reason.他的行为合乎情理。 39 20.cut into, cut down, cut back 这组短语都有“减少，削减”的意思。cut into 意思是从总体中去掉一部分，对总体不利，因而说话人不乐意。cut down意思是从总体中去掉一部分对总体有利，因而是积极地“削减，减少”。cut back只强调数量的减少，指客观事实。如: ?If we increase worker’s salary, it will cut into our profit.提高工人的工资，就会降低我们的利润。 ?We must take measures to cut down the cost.我们必须采取措施减低成本。 ?The number of workers has been cut back after the big job was finished.大工程完工后，工人的数量减少了。 21.die down, die off, die out 这组短语都有“死去”的意思。die down 意思是:“熄灭，平息，消失”，强调事情由大到小的渐进过程。die off意思是:“一个个死去，先后死”。die out 意思是:“死光，绝种”。如: ?The wind often dies down at sunset.风往往在日落前停息。 ?The leaves of trees are dying off.树叶在凋落之中。 ?Many species are dying out.很多物种在灭绝。 22.die of, die from 两组短语都有“死于„„”的意思。die of 表示死于内部原因，如疾病、饥饿、年龄等。die from表示死亡由外部原因直接造成，尤指枪击、刀砍、意外事件等。如果外部原因没有直接导致死亡，而仅仅是诱因，从而引起身体病变最后导致死亡，仍用die of。如: ?She died of grief..她死于悲痛过度。 ?He died from a chest wound.他因胸部受伤而死亡。 23.familiar to, familiar with 两个短语都有“熟悉，精通”的意思，但立足点相反。familiar to表示句子的主语为to的宾语所熟悉，其结构为“A be familiar to B”(A为B所熟悉)。familiar with表示句子主语熟悉with的宾语，其结构为“A be familiar with B”(A熟悉、精通B)。如: ?I am familiar with the facts.我了解这些事实。 ?The facts are familiar to me.这些事实对我来说是熟悉的。 24.famous as, famous for 这两组短语都是“因„„而著名”的意思，但内涵不同。be famous as 意思是:“作为(以)„„而著名(著称)”，尤指以身份、职业、产地、地方或事物的形式而著称。be famous for 意思是:“因为„„而著名”，尤指以主语的技能、作品、特征、价值等。如: ?He is famous for his skill in playing football.他因他的球艺而著名。 ?Mark Twin was famous as a humorous writer.马克?吐温以幽默作家而著称。 25.free from, free of 两个形容词短语都有“不受„„的影响，免于„„”的意思。free from常接表示“困难，麻烦”等不好意义的名词。free of 则常与charge, cost, duty, tax等构成固定短语搭配，意思是:“免除”。另外，free of 还有“离开”的意思。如: ?The old lady is never free from pain.这老妇人一直很痛苦。 ?This service is free of change.这种服务是免费的。 26.give oneself away, give oneself up 40 give oneself away表示“(不自油然地)泄露秘密，露出马脚，现原形”的意思。give oneself up 意思是:“投降，自首，投案”。如: ?The thief gave himself away by spending so much money.这个小偷因大肆挥霍钱财而露出了马脚。 ?A few minutes later, the robber threw down his weapons, and gave himself up.几分钟后，劫匪放下武器投降了。 27.give off, give out 这两个短语都有“散发，发出”的意思。give off 指散发出气体或者气味。give out散发出光、热、声、信号等。如: ?Boiling water gives off steams.开水散发出蒸汽。 ?The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.太阳向地球发出光和热。 28.go on doing sth. , go on to do sth. , go on with sth. 三个短语都有“继续做„„”的意思。go on doing sth.指继续做同一件事情，且中间没有时间的间隔。go on with doing wth.指做同一件事情但中间有时间间断。go on do sth.指做完一件事情后，接着做另外一件事情。如: ?Although it was late, she went on working.虽然很晚了，她还继续工作。 ?After a short break, the teacher went on with his class.休息一会后，老师继续讲课。 ?She went on to tell about the world situation.她随后又谈了谈世界形势。 29.have a word with sb. , have words with sb. have a word with sb.意思是:“和„„谈谈，说几句话”。have words with sb.用于贬义，意思是:“和„„争吵”，相当于quarrel with sb.。如: ?Wait a moment, I’ll have word with you.请等一下，我和你说几句话。 ?They had words with their neighbors over some trifles.他们因一些琐事而与邻居吵了起来。 30.have sth. done, have sb. do, have sb. doing have sth. done指让别人来完成某件事情。have sb. do和have sb. doing中的have 都是使役性动词，两个结构都指让某人做某事，但have sb. doing强调动作正在进行和延续。如: ?I must have my car repaired.我必须把汽车修一下。(repair的动作不是由主语I发出，而是由修理工发出。意指找别人来修。) ?I have him repair my car.我让他把我的汽车修一下。 ?The teacher had us reading the text for an hour.老师让我们读了一个小时的课文。 31.hold on, insist on, stick to, persist in 这组词都有“坚持”的意思。insist on意思是:“坚持要求，坚持认为”，多用于意见或主张。stick to 意指对愿望、原则、理想、理论的“坚持”。persist in 表示对某种活动坚持不懈或对某种信念固执不改。hold on强调坚持下去，坚持到底。如: ?She insisted on her opinion at the meeting.她在会上坚持自己的意见。 ?We should stick to the study of Maxi-Lennism.我们应当坚持研究马克思列宁主义。 ?He persists in doing it in his own way.他坚持以自己的方法做事。 ?I made my choice and I will hold on to the end.我已尼做了选择，而且要坚持 41 下去。 32.if only, only if if only 和only if均可引导条件从句。if only表示对失望所寄予的强烈的愿望，相当于as long as，译为“只要”。另外，if only引导的从句可以独立使用，表示一种因某事不能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情。only if表示“只有„„(才)，只有在„„的时候，(才)„„”，说明“非在这个条件下不可”。如: ?If only you telemhone him, he will come here.只要你给他打电话，他就会来。 ?If only Tom were at home!要是汤姆在家就好了～ ?Only if the case is very urgent shold you dial the urgent numbers such as 110,119。只有情况十分紧急时，你才可以拨叫110、119这样的紧急电话号码。 33.in behalf of, on behalf of in behalf of或in one's behalf意为“为了„„利益”，“为了有助于„„”。on behalf of意为:“代表”。如: ?Those who work in behalf of people are popular.为人民工作的人是受人拥戴诉。 ?You aren\t allowed to sign a contract on behalf of the headmaster.你不允许代表校长签定 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 。 34.in charge of, in the charge of 二者均为短语介词，后接名词或代词作宾语。in charge of意为:“管理”，主语往往是人。in the charge of意为:“在„„管理之下”，属被动意义，主语一般为物。 ?Who will be in charge of the project?谁负责这项工程, ?These computers are in the charge of the teacher.这些电脑由这位老师负责。 35.in favor, in favor of in favor 为介词短语，在句中作表语或名词的后置定语，意为:“受赏识的，受欢迎的”，具有被动意义。in favor of 是短语介词，后接名词或代词，在句中作表语或名词后置修饰语，意为:“赞成”、“支持”、“有利于”。如: ?The medical group was in favor.医疗小组受到了欢迎。 ?The increase of interest rate will in favor of us.利率的提高对我们有利。 36.in front of, in the front of 两组短语都有“在„„之前”之意。in front of 是在事物外部的前面。in the front of 指在事物内部的前部(面)。如: ?There is a tree in front of the house.屋子前面有棵树。 ?The teacher’s desk is in the front of the classroom.教师的讲台在教室的前面。 37.in line, in line with in line是介词短语，意为:“成一直线”，“排成一行”。in line with是短语介词，在句中作表语或状语，表示“与„„一致;按照”等意思。如: ?Don’t’ push! Please stand in line and go along one by one.不要拥挤～站成一排依次前行。 ?The salaries of temporary employees are not in line with those of permanent staff.临时员工的薪水与正式员工不一样。 38.in point of, on the point of in point of 意为:“关于;就„„而论”，后接名词，在句中作状语。in the point of意为:“接近，即将„„时候;正要”，后接名词或动名词，在句中作表语。亦 42 可用at the point of。如: ?In point of experience in teaching, Prof. Wang is superior to us.就教学经验而论，王教授比我们强。 ?As we were at the point of giving up hope, a letter arrived.正当我们要放弃希望之时，一封信到了。 39.interfere in, interfere with interfere in 指参与不应参与之事，译为:“干涉”。interfere with 意指:“使„„事不能进行”，译为:“阻挠、妨碍”。如: ?I’d never interfere in other people’s relationships.我从不干涉他人的关系。 ?She never had children because they would have interfered with her dancing career.她一直没要孩子，因为孩子会妨碍她的舞蹈生涯。 40.in the air, on the air, by air in the air 除了本意“在空中”外，还有“(计划)正在酝酿中，未完全决定”，“(意见等)在流传，在传播中”等意思。on the air 指通过无线电传播，意为:“在播忙乱”，相当于over the radio,用作表语或后置定语。by air 相当于by plane,意为“乘飞机”。如: ?Love is in the air.爱意萌生。 ?The President Hu Jintao was on the air at Spring Festival.胡锦涛主席春节在广播中发表了讲话。 ?I hate traveling by air because I get horribly airsick.我讨厌乘飞机旅行，因为我晕机很厉害。 41.in the field, on the field in the field 意为:“在野外，在田野”，也可指:“参加比赛，参战”。on the field意为:“在运动场上，在战场上”。如: ?We played in the field on last Sunday.上星期天我们到田野里玩去了。 ?Are you in the field for the relay race?你参加接力赛了吗, ?He lost his life on the field.他在战场上牺牲了。 42.keep doing, keep on doing keep doing 指不间断地做某一活动或处于某一种状态。此短语中的doing作表语。keep on doing 着重指动作间隔性地反复多次进行。此短语中的doing 作介词on的宾语。如: ?Why do the dogs keep barking?这些狗为什么不停地叫, ?Don’t keep on asking silly questions!别老问些傻问题～ 43.keep sb. from doing sth. , keep sth. from sb. keep sb. from dong sth.意为:“阻止某人干某事”，相当于prevent sb. from doing sth.; keep sth. from sb.表示:“将某事瞒着某人”。如: ?We must keep them from getting to know our plans.我们必须防止他们知道我们的计划。 ?I think he’s keeping the extent of his illness from me.我想他在对我隐瞒他的病情发展。 44.known to, known for, known as known to 意为:“为„„所熟知”或“闻名于”。在由及物动词know的主动句变为被动句时，用这种结构。known for 意为:“以„„而出名”。指人时，指“以 43 某种知识技能、作品或特征而出名”;主语为地点时，指“以某种特产或特征而出名”;主语为事物名词时，表示“以其内容特征、价值等而被人所知”。known as 意为:“作为„„的身份、产地、形式而出名”。如: ?This method is known to all of us.大家都懂得这种方法。 ?Guilin is known for its beautiful scene.桂林因美丽的风景而著名。 ?This area is known as a green tea producing place.这个地区作为绿茶产地而著名。 45.leave out, leave off leave out 意为:“遗漏”;“略去，省去”;“忽视，没考虑到”。leave off意为:“停止”，“不再穿，不再使用”。如: ?The most important words have been left out in the sentence.句中最重要的词漏掉了。 ?They leave off work at 5:00 p.m.他们下午5点下班。 46.look to, look into look to 意为:“指望或依赖某人”，常用look to sb. for sth.的结构。另外，还有“注意、留心”的含义。look into意为:“调查”，“浏览”，“朝„„里看”。 ?We are looking to you for help.我们指望你的帮助。 ?You should look to your health.你应当注意健康。 ?They are looking into some magazines.他们正在浏览一些杂志。 47.long for, for long long for 属动介型短语动词，意为:“渴望，极想得到”，后接名词、代词作宾语。for long中的for为介词，long 是名词，共同作介词短语，常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句或否定意义的句子中，意为:“很久，长久”。 ?They are linging for Children’s Day.他们盼望着儿童节。 ?He will not stay for long. 他不会呆得太久。 48.make of, make from 二者均用被动语态，而且都表示“由„„(原材料)制成”。be made of 表示所制成的物品仍可看出原材料，仅发生了物理变化;而be made from 则表示制成后的物品看不出原材料，发生了化学变化。如: ?Table is made of wood.桌子由木头制成。 ?Butter is made from milk.奶酪由牛奶制成。 49.make the best of, get the best of make the best of 意为“充分利用”时间、资源、场合等。后接相关的名词或短语。get the best of 主要旨主语与宾语在进行争斗中“胜过、占上风”的意思。get 也可用have 代替。如: ?We must make the best of the few natural resources we have.我们一定要尽量利用我们所拥有的少量自然资源。 ?His illnessgot the best of him overtime.他最终未成能战胜病魔。 50.no less than, not less than no less than 表示“不少于，不亚于，多达”之意，后接单数或复数概念的词或短语。not less than 意为:“至少有”，含有“可能更多”的意思。如: ?They invited no less than 200 guests to their wedding party.他们邀请了多达200位客人参加他们的婚礼。 ?There are not less than a hudred people in the hall.大厅里至少有一百人。 44 51.no longer, not„any longer, any longer 这三个短语在句子中都起副词作用，时态多用现在时，也可用过去时和将来时。no longer 意为“不再”，用于否定句，放在实义动词之前或be动词之后。not„any longer用法和意思相当于no longer,但not须放在be 动词或助动词do之后，而把any longer放于句尾。any longer只用于疑问句，位于句末，意为:“还„„”。如: ?We shall no longer live in this house.我们不再住这房子了。 ?I don’t’ want to stay any longer.我不想再呆下去了。 ?Do you smoke any longer?你还抽烟吗, 52.no more than ,not more than no more than 意为:“只不过是，仅仅”，相当于only，后多接数词或名词。not more than意为:“不超过，至多”，其后接数词。如: ?There are no more than two tickets left.仅剩下两张票。 ?The student number is not more than 20.学生人数最多为20。 53.now and then, now „ then, now then mow and then 常译为:“时常、有时、偶尔”等。now„then相当于sometimes„and sometimes,意为:“有时„„有时„„”;now then是口语用法，用于句首，表示抗议、警告、安慰或引起注意。如: ?I go to see the cinema now and then.我偶尔去看场电影。 ?What mixed weather, now fine, then showery!多难琢磨的天气，时而晴天，时而阵雨。 ?Bow then, what’s all this fuss about?喂，在忙乱些什么, 54.now that, only that now that 和only that都属复合连词。后面的that 是虚词，常可省略。now that引导原因状语从句，主要说明从句与主句的“推论”关系。常译为“既然，由于”，相当于since。only that引导条件状语从句，意为:“要不是，除„„之外”，从句位于主句之后。如: ?jNow that the weather has improved, we’ll be able to go out for a picnic.既然天气已好转了，那么我们就能出去郊游了。 ?This book is very good, only that it’s rather expensive.这本书很好，只是太贵了。 55.off and on, on and off, off and off and on 和on and off都是表示频度的短语，意为:“不时地，间歇地”，二者可以通用。off and用作状语，表示“意外地，忽然”之意，常跟在主语后。如: ?It rained off and on all day.雨断断续续地下了一天。 ?I’ve studied music on amd off about twenty years.我断断续续学了20年音乐。 ?He off and left the room.他忽然离开了房间。 56.on earth, on the earth, in the earth on earth 有两种含义: ?“在世界上”等于in the world.?“究竟，到底;一点也”，相当于at all,用于疑问句后。on the earth意为:“在地球上”，位于表面。 in the earth含有“在泥土里，在地下”之意。因此，在指世界上空间的存在物时不能用它。如: ?This kind of bird is rare on earth.这种鸟在世界上罕见。 ?What on earth is that terrible noise?那种可怕的声音究竟是什么, 45 ?Human beings can only live on the earth.人类只能生存在地球上。 ?There is much petroleum in the earth.地下有大量石油。 57.on foot, on one’s feet on foot 作方式状语，意为:“步行”。on one's feet 表示“站着”之意，常与be, stand连且，并且feet任何时候都不用单数。如: ?I usually go to work on foot.我常常步行去上班。 ?A teacher always stands on his feet while he is having lessons.老师讲课时只是站着。 58.on the contrary, to the contrary on the contrary 意为:“相反地”，具有副词和连词作用，用来承接意思一正一反的两个单句。to the coutrary意为:“相反的”，有形家词作用，位于修饰词之后。如: ?Mary’s face was pale. On the contrary, Jane’s face was very red.玛丽的脸色苍白，相反，简的脸色却很红。 ?I shall continue to believe it until I have proof to the contrary.在没得到相反的证据之前，我将继续相信这件事。 59.once again, once and again once again意为:“再一次”，相当于once more。once and again意为:“再三，多次”，等于repeatedly。如: ?I hope you will try once again.希望你再试一次。 ?He has made the same mistakes once and again.他多次犯同样的错误。 60..out of question, out of the question out of question意为:“毫无疑问”，“一定”，可用作状语或表语。out of the question只用作表语，意为:“不可能的”。如: ?His success is out of question.他成功是毫无疑问的。 ?His success is out of the question.他成功是不可能的。 61.pay a visit to, be on a visit to 二者均表示“访问，参观”，to为介词，后接人或地方。pay a visit to终止性意味较强，一般不与表示一段时间的状语连用(否定句除外)，译为“拜访，参观”。be on a visit to 表示“在进行访问”，“在某人家里做客”。如: ?I will pay a visit to you next week.下周我去拜访你。 ?He is now on a brief visit to England.目前他正在英国作短期访问。 62.prefer„to, prefer to prefer„to中的to为介词，两个词后面均接同类名词、代词或动名词，意为:“宁愿„„而不愿„„;喜欢„„而不喜欢„„”。prefer to 中的to是不定式符号，后跟动词原形，表示“宁愿”、“喜欢”。如: ?Personally, I prefer walking to cycling.就个人来讲，我愿意疋行，不愿骑自行车。 ?Amy prefers to be alone.艾米宁愿独自一人。 63.proud of, proud about 二者后面均接名词、代词或动名词，在句中作表语。proud of 用于褒义，意为:“为„„而自豪”。pround about 含有贬义，意为:“因„„而自高自大”。如: ?We are proud of our country.我们为自己的祖国感到自豪。 ?They were proud about their success.他为自己的成功洋洋得意。 46 64.rather than, other than, would rather rather than 为连词，前后两端所连词性一致，译为:“而不是”，“与其说是„„不如说是„„”。other than 可表示“不同于”，又可表示“除了”之意。would rather表示选择或主观上的愿意，意为:“宁愿，宁可”。如出现取舍的双方，则应该用“would rather„than”的结构。 ?These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.这些鞋子谈不上漂亮，但穿起来倒是舒适。 ?The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself.除了你谁也不能在这张表上签名。 ?I would rather stay at home than go out to play.我宁愿呆在家里，不想出去玩儿。 65.result from, result in result from意为:“是„„的结果，因„„而发生”，from的宾语表示原因。result in意指:“结果是，导致”，主语表原因，in的宾语则表结果。如: ?His failure resulted from not working hard enough.他的失败是由于他不够努力。 ?The experiment resulted in the discovery of a cure for cancer.这个实验结果发现了治疗癌症的方法。 66.right along, right away right along 意为:“继续不断地，一直地”，可位于句中或句末。right away意为:“立刻，马上”，只位于句尾。如: ?They worked right along for several hours.他们连续不断地工作了好几个小时。 ?He said he couldn’t do the job right away.他说他不能立刻做那工作。 67.satisfied with, satisfied of satisfied with 后接人或动名词，意为:“对„„满意”，相当于pleased with。satisfied of 后接事物名词或抽象名词，表示“确信”，相当于sure of。如: ?We are quite satisfied with your explanation.我们对你的解释很满意。 ?I am satisfied of his ability to do the work.我确信你有做这种工作的能力。 68. see that, seeing that see that意为:“务必要，一定”，在句中作谓语。seeing that是连词，可引导原因状语从句，意为:“鉴于，由于”，等于since。 如: ?See (to it) that you’re ready at 9:00 o’clock.你一定在9点准备好。 ?Seeing that he is ill, we’ll do the work for him.既然他病了，我们代他做这件工作吧。 69.set about, set out, set off 三个短语动词都有“开始，着手;动身，出发”之意。但后接成分不同。set about作及物动词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。set out后必须接带to的不定式。set off作不及物动词使用，后不接宾语。如: ?He set about the task with precautions.他谨慎地着手做这一项工作。 ?He set out to paint the whole house.他动手油漆整座房子。 ?We’ll set off tomorrow morning.我们明天早上出发。 70.sick for, sick of, sick at, sick with sick for表示一种渴望已久的心情，意为:“渴望，盼望”。sick of表示厌恶、 47 反感的心情，译为“对„„感到厌恶、不耐烦”。sick at意为:“对(做某事)感到懊丧或不高兴”，后接动名词、名词。sick with译为:“患„„病”。如: ?He is sick for a sight of her.他渴望见她一面。 ?I am sick of his getting me run around.我讨厌他把我弄得晕头转向。 ?I’m very sick at not getting that job.我对没能获得那份工作感到十分不快。 ?Kate is sick with flu.凯特患了流行性感冒。 71.sit up, sit up for ,sit up with 这几个短语都有“熬夜”之意，但用法有所不同。sit up用作不及物动词，不跟宾语。sit up for是sit up and wait for的合成，后接人或事物名词作宾语。sit up with意为:“熬夜照看”，后只跟表示人的名词。如: ?The nurse sat up all night to take care of her patient.那位护士整夜没睡照顾她的病人。 ?I shall get back very late, so don’t sit up for me.今晚我回来得很晚，你不必等我回来再睡觉。 72stand up for, stand up to stand up for 常指给某人、某事在道义上或口头上的“支持拥护”。stand up to 指“勇敢地面对”困难、危险、敌人，“经得起”压力、考验等。如: ?We stand up for thee cause of justice.我们维护正义的事业。 ?Soldiers must stand up to danger.军人必须临危不惧。 73.take pains, have pains take pains意为:“尽力、费心，刻苦”，后常接不定式短语或介词with引导的短语。have pains也可用单数have (a) pain,意为:“某部位疼”，后跟“in + 人体部位名词”，也可反映精神、感情等方面的痛苦。如: ?He has taken great pains to study the details.他在细节的研究上下了苦功夫。 ?She has pains in the stomach.她胃痛。 74.take part in, take part with take part in 意为:“参加”，后接表会议、劳动、活动的名词或动名词。take part with 意为“支持”、“袒护”，后接表示人、组织、团体等名词。如: ?We often take part in the activities organized by the Health Club.我们经常参加健身俱乐部组织的活动。 ?He always takes part with his son.他总是袒护他的儿子。 75.thanks for, thanks to thanks for中的介词for表原因，其后接名词或动名词，表示“为„„感激”。thanks to 中的to为介词，后接表示人的名词或代词，即感谢的对象;还可以接名词、代词或动名词，译为“由于，因为，多亏”等。如: ?Thanks for your coming.感谢您的光临。 ?Thanks to your help we were successful.我们成功多亏你的帮助。 76.to one’s mind, on one’s mind 两个短语中的mind无论任何时候都只能用单数。to one's mind意为:“依某人之意”或“合某人的心意”。on one's mind意为:“惦记、操心、焦虑”。如: ?To my mind, she’ll always be an unpleasant person to deal with.依我看，她永远是个不易相处的人。 ?It was some time before we could get a ship to our mind.我们好久以后才有了 48 一条合意的船。 ?The approaching trial was on his mind.他一直惦记着临近的审判。 77.under control, under the control of, in control of under control意为:“在控制下”，可引申为“情况正常”，是一个表示被动意义的介词短语，常用作表语。如表示“在某人的控制之下”，用under one's control。 under the control of 意为:“受„„控制，受„„管辖”，后接表人或部门等控制者的名词。in control of意为:“控制、管理”，有主动含义，后接被控制的对象。如: ?Eventually the fire was under control.火势终于被控制住了。 ?He was under the control of evil men who forced him to do bad things.他受坏人的控制，他们强迫他干坏事。 ?They were in control of this area.他们控制着这个地区。 78.under repair in repair under repair意为:“在修理中”，具有被动意义。in repair表示某物处于一种“维修良好”的状态，常用in good repair。如: ?My computer is under repair.我的电脑正在维修。 ?The road is in good repair.这条路保养得很好。 79. used to, be used to used to 表示过去存在的某种状态或过去的习惯性行为，后跟动词不定式，可译为:“过去常常„„”。be used to中的to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词，译为:“习惯于„„”，系动词be 可换成get或become，有时态方面的变化。如: ?I used not to enjoy listening to rock music.我过去不喜欢听摇滚乐。 ?After three weeks she had got used to the extreme heat.三个星期后她就适应酷热的环境了。 80.with words, in word, in a word With words和in word均表示“在口头上”、“表面上”，二者可以互用。in a word意为:“总而言之”，用来总结或概括前述内容。如: ?He is loyal to the Party in word and deed.他的方行都是忠于党的。 ?In a word, he is warmhearted.总而言之，他是热心肠的。 81.would be just as well, it is just as well would be just as well表示建议意为:“最好还是„„”。it is just as well表示一种语气，意为:“„„真是件好事，„„倒也不错”。 ?It would be just as well to lock the door when you go out.出门时最好还是锁上门。 ?It is just as well that we didn’t go out in this rain.在这样的雨天，我们没有出门，倒是件好事。 第七部分 常考短语汇编 in advance 事先;提前 on purpose 故意 adjust to (使)适应于，把...调节到 apply for 申请，请求 assign to 指派，选派 attempt at 企图，努力 attribute to 把...归因于，归咎于 49 belong to属于 benefit from 受益，获益 burst out + V-ing 爆发，突然发作 catch up with 赶上 combine with 结合，联合，化合 concentrate on 集中，专心 cope with 对付，应付 count on 倚靠，指望 deal with 处理，论述，涉及 dedicate to 奉献，把...用在 depend on/upon 依靠，信赖，取决于 differ from 不同 engage in 使从事于，使忙于 equip with 装备，配备 exchange for 交换，调换，兑换 figure out 计算出;领会到 find out 查明，发现 focus on (使)聚焦，(使)集中 hear of/about 听到 hear from 收到...的(来信) can/could not help +V-ing 禁不住，忍不住 hinder from 阻止，妨碍 involve in 卷入，陷入;牵涉，包含 leave behind 留下，忘记带 major in 主修，专攻 object to 反对，不赞成 persist in 坚持不懈，执意;持续 plunge into 纵身投入，跳入;猛冲; point out 指出 remind sb. of sth. 使想起 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 resort to 求助;诉诸于，采取，凭借 respond to 响应，回答 result in 导致，结果是 select from 挑选，选择 separate from (使)分离;(使)分开 settle down 定居;解决，调停 share with 分与，分派，分配，分享，共用 specialize in 擅长于，专门研究，专攻 suffer from 忍受，遭受;使痛苦，患病; switch off 切断，(用开关)关掉 switch on 接通，(用开关)开起 1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守。 2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在 50 3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed in 全神贯注于… 近义:be engrossed ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解 7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地, 8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主 动地 9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致 10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据 12. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性. 13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去 14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由) 15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明. 16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为. 17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句 子要倒装) 18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告 19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于. 20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially ) 熟悉 21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理 22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于 23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要) 24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之 25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外 26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循 27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的 28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应; 29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地. 30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先. 31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地. 32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事 33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用. 34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意 35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致 36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前. 51 37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中. 38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的. 39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计 40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎. 41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到 . 42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于. 43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责. 44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合. 45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for 46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉 47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力 48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用. 49. apply to 与…有关;适用 50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准 51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起. 52. arrange for sb.sth. to do sth. 安排…做… 53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方); 54. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以… 为羞耻 55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信. 56. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结 57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做… 58. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料 59. attitude to toward …对…的态度.看法 60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果 61. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均 62. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道. 63. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面 64. in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of 在…后部(外面); be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起. 65. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护; have sb. at one ’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台 66. turn one’s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃 67. behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话) 68. be based on upon 基于 69. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上 70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢 52 71. begin with 以…开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语) 72. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义 73. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth.sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰. 74. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处. 75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处) 76. for the better 好转 77. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过. 78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生 79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上 80. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作) 81. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机 82. boast of (or about) 吹嘘 83. out of breath 喘不过气来 84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之 85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的 86. take the floor 起立发言 87. on business 出差办事. 88. be busy with sth.于某事 。 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 89. last but one 倒数第二. 90. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假设 91. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买 92. be capable of 能够, 有能力 be capable of being +过去分词是能够被…的 93. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost , whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何 94. in case (=for fear that) 万一; 95. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一 in the case of 至于…, 就…而言 96. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句) 97. be cautious of 谨防 98. center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上 99. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定. 100. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地 101. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然 102. for a change换换环境(花样等) 103. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有… 104. in charge of (=responsible for) 负责(某事) in the charge of …由…管 105. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾) 106. charge…for 因…索取(费用) , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有… 107. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地 108. comment on 评论 109. commit oneself to 使自己承担… commit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱; commit one’s idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来; commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论 110. in common (和…)有共同之处,共用. be common to sb. 是与某人所共有的 53 111. keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和…要好. 112. compare…with … 把…与…比较 113. compare…to… 把…比作… 114. by comparison 比较起来 115. in comparison with (=in contrast to) 和…比起来 116. compensate for (=give sth. to make up for) 补偿, 赔偿,弥补 compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿,弥补 117. complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情; complain to sb. about sth. (or sb.) 向某人抱怨…; complain (抱怨); complement (补充); compliment (恭维) 118. comply with (=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.) 遵守, 依从 119. conceive of (think of, imagine, consider) 想象,设想 120. concentrate on (or upon) 集中,专心 121. be concerned with (=about) 与…有关 122. concern oneself about with 关心 123. in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一点; at the conclusion of 当…结束时; 124. condemn sb. to 判决 125. on condition that (=if)以…为条件, 假如. in that = because因为; now that = since 既然 for all that = although 尽管 126. in out of condition (=thoroughly healthy or fit not fit) 健康状况好不好 . in good (bad) condition处于良好(坏)状态 127. confess(to)(=admit a fault, crime, or sth. wrong)承认, 供认; confess to a crime 承认罪行. 128. confide in (=to talk freely to sb. about one’s secret) 对…讲真心话, 依赖 129. in confidence 推心置腹地; with confidence 满怀信心地; have confidence in 对…有信心 130. confidence in sb. sth. 对…的信赖 131. be confident of 有信心; confidential 机密的 132. confine…to… 把…限制在某范围内 133. confirm sb. in 使某人更坚定(信念等) 134. conform to (=be in agreement with, comply with) 符合,遵照,遵守;1)obey 服从; 2) observe; 3)comply with照…办; 4)keep to遵循; 5)abide by服从;6)stick to按..做 135. be confronted with(=be brought face to face with) 面对, 面临 136. congratulate sb. on 祝贺 137. in connection with(=with regard to)关于, 138. be conscious of(=be aware of)觉察,知道 139. consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意 140. in consequence (=as a result) 结果 141. in consequence of (=as a consequence of)由于…的结果 142. under consideration 在考虑中 143. in consideration of (=in return for, on account of, because of )由于 144. on no consideration(in no case)无论如何也不 145.take…into consideration (=take account of, take…into account)考虑到, 把 …考虑进去 54 146. considerate (=thoughtful of the needs) 体贴的, 考虑他人需要的, considerable相当大的,值得考虑的 147. consist of(=be composed of)由…组成的. consist in主要在于. consist with符合,与…一致 148. be consistent with(=be in agreement with)与…一致. be consistent in一贯的 , 149. consult sb. on about sth. 向…征求…方面的意见, 就…向…请教 150. to one’s heart’s content尽情地,痛痛快快 151. be content with(=be satisfied with) 满足于be content to do sth. 愿意做某事 152. contrary to (=in opposition to) 与…相反 153. on the contrary 相反 154. contrast…with 把…与…相对(对照) 155. in contrast towith 和…形成对比 by contrast 对比之下 156. contribute to 有助于 157. under control (被)控制住 out of control无法控制 158. at one’s convenience(=where and when it suits one) 在方便的时间或地点 .be convenient to for 对…方便 159. convince sb. of (=cause sb. to believe or feel certain; to persuade sb.) 使某人确信,try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做… 160. cope with(=deal with, try to find a solution to)应付, 处理 161. in the corner(of)在角落里;on(at) the comer of a street在街道拐弯处;round the comer拐过弯; be in a tight corner陷入困境 162. correspond (with) ( =exchange letters regularly) 通信 163. correspond to 相当于 . correspond with 符合,一致 164. at all costs不惜任何代价 . at the cost of 以…为代价 165. a matter of course 理所当然的事 166. as a matter of course 当然地, 自然地 167. in (during) the course 在…过程中 168. in due course (=without too much delay) 没经过太久, 到一定时候 169. on credit赊购; with credit以优异成绩; to one’s credit使某人感到光荣; do sb. credit 使…感到光荣 170(be critical of 爱挑毛病的，批评的 171. cure sb. of+某种疾病 治好某人的疾病 172(a danger to对…的危险; be in danger(of)处于…危险中; be out of danger脱离危险 173. to date(=so far, until now) 到目前为止 174. out of date过时的;up to date新式的,时兴的; date back to可追溯到; date from从某时期开始(有) 175. deal with (=concern) 论及 176. be in debt to sb. 欠…的债 177. on the decline 在衰退中, 在减少中 in decline 下降; on the increase 在增加 178. to one’s delight 令某人感到高兴 to one’s regret 遗憾; sorrow悲痛; relief 安心; distress 苦恼; shame羞愧; surprise 惊奇; astonishment 惊奇; 179. delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth.)喜欢, 取乐 55 180. take (a) delight in 喜欢干…, 以…为乐 181. demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求(非物质的)东西. demand sth. from sb. 向某人要求(物质的)东西 182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时 183. be dependent on 依靠 184. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物 185. derive…from(=obtain…from)从…取得,由…来的.derive from(=come from)起源于 186. despair of (=lose all hope of) 绝望 187. in despair 绝望 188. despite (=in spite of) 不管, 尽管 189. in detail 详细地 190. deviate from 偏离, 不按…办 191. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食, 节食 192. differ from…in 与…的区别在于… 193. in difficulties…有困难,处境困难, 194. discharge sb. (from)…for (=dismiss sb. from a job for) 因…解雇, 开除 195. fall back (=retreat, turn back) 撤退; in disorder 慌乱地, 狼狈不堪 196. on display(=being shown publicly)陈列 197. dispose of (=get rid of ,throw away)处理掉 198. beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议 199. in dispute 在争议中 200. in the distance 在远处. make out 辩认出 201. (be) distinct from ( = be different from) 与…截然不同 202. distinguish between (=make or recognize differences) 辨别 203. distinguish…from 把…与…区别开 204. do away with(=get rid of; abolish; discard eliminate) 除去,废除,取消; do away with (=kill) 杀掉, 镇压 205. have…to do with 与…有关系 206. without doubt (=undoubtedly)无可置疑地 207. in doubt(=in a condition of uncertainty)对…表示疑惑 208. be due to 是由于 209. come off duty 下班 210. go on duty 上班 211. be on duty 值班, 值日, 在上班时 212. be in duty bound to (do) (=be required by one’s job or esp. by conscience) 有义务(做) 213. be eager for 想得到, 盼望 214. by ear (=play music from memory without having seen it printed) 凭记忆,不看乐谱 215. have an ear for (=have keen recognition of sounds esp. in music and language)对..有鉴赏力 216. a word in one’s ear 私房话, 秘密话 217. on earth 究竟, 到底, 全然 56 218. with ease ( = easily) 容易, 不费力 219. at (one’s) ease ( = without worry or nervousness) 自在,不拘束 220. put sb. at his her ease (=free sb. from worry or nervousness)使某人感到无拘束 221. economize on (=save sth. instead of being wasteful) 节省 222. have an effect on 对…有影响 223. be in effect (=be in operation) 有效 224. go into effect 生效. ( 近 come into effect; take effect; be brought into effect) 225. in effect (=in fact, really) 实际上 226. give effect to (=carry out) 实行,使…生效 227. to no effect 不起作用,没有取得任何效果 228. (be) of no effect (=useless) 无效 229. to the effect that 大意是…,主要内容是… 230. to that effect 是那个意思的… 231. emerge from ( =appear, become known ) 出现, 暴露(问题. 意见等) 232. place(or put, lay) an emphasis on 强调, 把重点放在…上 233. encourage sb. in 鼓励; encourage sb. in hisher work 鼓励某人工作; encourage sb. in hisher idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲 234. encourage sb. in …with sth. 用…鼓励某人做某事 235. on end (=continuously) 连续地 236. (be) at an end (=finished) 结束了 第八部分 专升本常考词汇辨析 1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 2. incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident. 3. amount, number amount后接不可数名词， number后接可数名词 a number of students 4. family, house, home home 家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one. 5. sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 57 6. photo, picture, drawing photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画 Let's go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词He has a large vocabulary. 8. population, people population人口，人数，people具体的人 China has a large population. 9. weather, climate weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径 take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum 11. course, subject course课程(可包括多门科目)，subject科目(具体的学科)a summer course 12. custom, habit custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do， habit生活习惯，习惯 成自然，后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来解 释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practice exercise运动，锻炼(不可数)，exercises练习(可数)，practice(反复做的) 练习 Practice makes perfect. 58 15. class, lesson 作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 5 16. speech, talk, lecture speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on… 17. officer, official officer部队的军官，official政府官员 an army officer 18. work, job 二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job 19. couple, pair couple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers 20. country, nation, state, land country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cooker cook厨师，cooker厨具 He is a good cook. 22. damage, damages damage不可数名词, 损害，损失; damages复数形式, 赔偿金 $900 damages 23. police, policeman police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house. 24. problem, question problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用 25. man, a man man人类，a man一个男人 Man will conquer nature. 26. chick, chicken 二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious. 27. telegram, telegraph 当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph 28. trip, journey, travel, voyage travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航 59 行 a three-day trip 29. sport, game sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等;game指决定 胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming. 30. price, prize price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low. 31. a number of, the number of a number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。 The number of students is increasing. 32. in front of, in the front of in front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy. 33. of the day, of a day of the day每一天的，当时的，当代的， of a day暂时的，不长久的 a famous scientist of the day 34. three of us, the three of us three of us我们(不止三个)中的三个，the three of us我们三个(就三个人)The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema. 35. by bus, on the bus by bus表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus表范围 They went there by bus. 36. for a moment, for the moment for a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment暂时，一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 37. next year, the next year next year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year. 38. more than a year, more than one year more than a year一年多，more than one year超过一年(两年或三年等) 60 39. take advice, take the(one's) advice take advice征求意见，take the advice接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again. 40. take air, take the air take air传播，走漏，take the air到户外去，散步 We take the air every day. 41. in a word, in words in a word总之，一句话， in words口头上 In a word, you are center. 42. in place of, in the place of in place of代替，in the place of在…地方 A new building is built intheplace of the old one. 43. in secret, in the secret in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语;in the secret知道内情，知 道秘密， 一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning. 44. a girl, one girl a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a bigbox? 45. take a chair, take the chair take a chair相当于sit down坐下，take the chair开始开会 46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea go to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海路， by the sea在海边 go by sea 47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher the doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，the doctor andtheteacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is 48. in office, in the office in office在职的，in the office在办公室里 He is in office, not outofoffice. 61 49. in bed, on the bed in bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is illinbed. 50. in charge of, in the charge of in charge of管理，负责照料， in the charge of由……照料 He is in charge ofthematter. The matter is in the charge of her. 51.at all, after all at all根本，全然, after all到底，毕竟 After all he is a child. 52. tall, high tall常指人或动物，high常指物体 He is tall. 53. fast, quickly fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly 54. high, highly high具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of 55. healthy, healthful healthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise 56. sleeping, asleep, sleepy sleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy. 57. gold, golden gold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish a gold ring 58. most, mostly most用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词， mostly大部分,是副词 most people, the people are mostly… 59. just, very just表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语 the very man, just the man 60. wide, broad wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders, 61. real, true real真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合 real gold, a true story 62. respectful, respectable respectful尊敬，有礼ò，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged 63. outwards, outward 二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词 an outward voyage 64. pleasant, pleased, pleasing 62 pleasant常用作定语，pleased, pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人， pleasing主语常为物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing. 65. understanding, understandable understanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable 可理解的，能够懂的 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake 66. close, closely close接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地 closely connected, stand close 67. ill, sick ill做表语，sick定，表均可 a sick boy 68. good, well good形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again. 69. quiet, silent, still quiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不 动，完全无声响 He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。 70. hard, hardly hard努力，hardly几乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it. 71. able, capable able与不定式to do连用，capable与of连用 He is capable of doing… 72. almost, nearly 二者均为"几乎,差不多" 和否定词连用用almost almost nobody 73. late, lately late迟，晚，lately最近，近来 I haven't seen him lately. 74. living, alive, live, lively living, alive, live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live 只能做定语，lively意为活波的 all the living people=all the people alive 75. excited, exciting excited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的 I'm excited. The news is exciting. 76. deep, deeply deep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep 77. aloud, loud aloud出声地，loud大声地 read aloud(出声地读) 78. worth, worthy 二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being done It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited. 79. bad, badly bad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need, want, require连用为"很，非常" go bad I need the book badly. 80. before long, long before before long不久以后，long before很久以前 not long before = before long 81. quite, rather quite完全地，相当于completely, rather修饰比较级 quite impossible 82. happy, glad 63 happy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语 a happy girl 83. instead, instead of instead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of是介词短语，放在句中 He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film. 84. too much, much too too much 后接不可数名词，much too后接形容词 much too heavy 85. be about to, be going to, be to do be about to表最近的将来，后面不接时间状语，be going to 侧重打算，想法， be to do侧重意志，计划，安排I'm to meet him.(含双方事先约好的意思) 86. raise, rise raise及物动词，rise不及物动词 The sun rises in the east. 87. bring, take, carry, fetch bring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作 fetch a box of chalk 88. spend, take, pay, cost spend人做主语，花钱，花时间; spend…on sth./in doing sth; take物做主语，花 时间; pay人做主语，花钱，pay for; cost物做主语，花钱 89. join, join in, take part in join加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员;join in参加小型的活动, join sb. in; take part in 参加大型的活动 He joined the army five years ago. 90. learn, study learn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究 study the problem 91. want, hope, wish want打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望(通常可以实现)，hope to do/ hope that… wish希望(通常不能实现)wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success. 92. discover, invent, find out discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体， find out发现，查明 At last he found out the truth. 93. answer, reply answer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接 to reply to the letter 94. leave, leave for leave离开，leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai. 95. rob, steal rob抢劫 rob sb. of sth.，steal偷 steal sth. from sb. 96. shoot, shoot at shoot射死，shoot at瞄准，但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died. 97. drop, fall drop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice. 98. search, search for search后接地点，search for后接东西 He searched his pocket for money. 99. used to, be used to 64 used to过去常常，be used to习惯于，后接sth./doing sth.;被用来，后接 do sth. He is used to getting up early. 100. win, lose, beat win后接sth.，反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them 65