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前赤壁赋翻译 壬戌年秋天，七月十六日，我和客人荡着船儿，在赤壁下游览。清风缓缓吹来，水面波浪不兴。举起酒杯，劝客人同饮，朗颂《月出》诗，吟唱“窈窕”一章。一会儿，月亮从东边山上升起，徘徊在斗宿、牛宿之间。白茫茫的雾气笼罩江面，水光一片，与天相连。我们任凭小船儿自由漂荡，越过那茫茫无边的江面。浩浩然凌空乘风而去，却不知道到什么地方才能停止;飘飘然，像脱离尘世，超然独立，成为神仙而飞入仙境。 于是，我们喝着酒儿，心里十分快乐，边敲着船舷边唱起歌来。唱道:“桂木做的棹啊兰木做的桨，拍击着澄明的水波啊，在月光浮动的江面逆流而上。我的情思啊悠远茫茫，思念着我心爱的人啊，她却在天的另一方。”客人中有会吹洞箫的，按着歌声吹箫伴奏，那箫声呜呜咽咽，像哀怨又像思慕，像哭泣又像倾诉。余音婉转悠长，象细长的丝缕延绵不断。能使深渊里潜藏的蛟龙起舞，使孤独小船上的寡妇悲泣。 我(显出)忧愁凄怆的样子，整衣端坐，问客人说:“为什么声音这样悲凉呢,”客人回答说:“„月明星稀，乌鹊南飞‟，这不是曹孟德的诗句吗,向西可望夏口，向东可望武昌，山川环绕，草木茂盛苍翠，这不就是曹操被周瑜打败的地方吗,当他夺取荆州，攻下江陵，顺长江东下的时候，战船连接千里，旌旗遮蔽天空，他临江饮酒，横握着长矛赋诗，本是一位盖世英雄，然而如今在哪里呢,何况我和你在江中的小洲上捕鱼打柴，以鱼虾为伴侣，以麋鹿为朋友;驾着一只小船，举杯互相劝酒;寄托蜉蝣一般短暂生命在天地之间，渺小得象大海里的一粒小米。哀叹我们生命的短促，羡慕长江的无穷无尽。愿与神仙相伴而遨游，同明月一道永世长存。知道这种愿望是不能突然实现的，只好把这种无可奈何的心情，通过箫声寄托在这悲凉的秋风中。” 我对客人说:“客人你知道那江水和月亮吗,江水象这样不断流去，但它实际上不曾流走;月亮时圆时缺，但它最终没有消减和增长。假若从它的变化方面去看它，那么天地间的万事万物，连一瞬间都不曾停止变化过;如果从不变的方面去看它，那么万物和我们都是没有穷尽的，我们又羡慕什么呢,再说那天地之间，万物都有各自的主宰，如果不是我应有的东西，即使一丝一毫也不拿取。只有江上的清风，与山间的明月，耳朵听它，听到的便是声音，眼睛看它，看到的便是色彩，得到它没有人禁止，享用它没有竭尽，这是大自然的无穷宝藏，而我和你可以共同享用它们。” 客人高兴地笑了，(于是)洗净酒杯重新斟酒。菜肴果品都已吃完，杯子盘子杂乱地摆放着。大家互相枕着靠着睡在船上，不知不觉东方已经露出白色的曙光。 一、通假字 1、举酒属客 举匏尊以相属(属，通“嘱”，劝酒 ) 2、浩浩乎如冯虚御风 (冯，通“凭”，乘) 3、山川相缪 (缪，通“缭”，连结、盘绕) 4、杯盘狼籍 (籍，通“藉”，凌乱) 5、举匏尊以相属(尊，通“樽”，酒杯) 二、词性活用 1、名作动 steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 歌 唱 扣舷而歌之 下 攻下 下江陵 东 向东进军 顺流而东也 渔樵 捕鱼砍柴 况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上 白 显出白色 不知东方之既白 2、名作状 南 向南 月明星稀，乌鹊南飞 西 向西 西望夏口 东 向东 东望武昌 匏 用葫芦做 举匏尊以相属 桂 用桂树做 桂棹兮兰桨 兰 用木兰做 桂棹兮兰桨 3、名词作意动 侣 把...当做伴侣 侣鱼虾而友麋鹿 友 把...当做朋友 侣鱼虾而友麋鹿 4、使动用法 舞 使...舞动 舞幽壑之潜蛟 泣 使...哭泣 泣孤舟之嫠妇 危 使...端正 正襟危坐 5、形作动 正 整理 正襟危坐 尽 吃完 肴核既尽 横 笼罩 白露横江 适 享用 吾与子之所共适 三、古今异义 1、白露横江，水光接天(古义:白茫茫的水汽;今义:二十四节气之一) 2、凌万顷之茫然(古义:浩荡渺远的样子;今义:完全不知道的样子) 四、一词多义 1、如 往 纵一苇之所如 像 浩浩乎如冯虚御风 2、于 在 苏子与客泛舟游于赤壁之下 从 月出于东山之上 在 徘徊于斗牛之间 被 此非孟德之困于周郎者乎 给 托遗响于悲风 3、之 定语后置的标志词 凌万顷之茫然 音节助词，无义 扣舷而歌之 代词，指“歌” 倚歌而和之 主谓之间取消句子独立性 哀吾生之须臾 steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 4、而 连词， 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 承接 羽化而登仙 连词，表修饰 扣舷而歌 连词，表并列 侣鱼虾而友麋鹿 连词，表转折 逝者如斯，而未偿往也 连词，表因果 耳得之而为声 5、然 ...的样子 其声呜呜然 这样 何为其然也 6、乎 ……的样子 浩浩乎如冯虚御风 用在句末，表示疑问，吗 此非曹孟德之诗乎, 助词，无意 郁乎苍苍 7、夫 无解 客亦知夫水与月乎, 再说 且夫天地之间 8、歌: 扣舷而歌(唱) 倚歌而和之(歌声) 9、望: 七月既望(名词，阴历的每月十五日) 望美人兮天一方(动词 眺望，向远处看) 10、长: 抱明月而长终(永远) 而卒莫消长也(增长) 五、特殊句式 1、判断句 是造物者之无尽藏也 此非曹孟德之诗乎, 2、省略句 省略主语 (苏轼)举酒属客 省略介词 击空明兮溯(于)流光 3、被动句 此非孟德之困于周郎者乎 4、定语后置句 客有吹洞箫者 凌万顷之茫然 5、宾语前置句 何为其然也, 而今安在哉, steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 而又何羡乎 6、介词结构后置句 击空明兮溯(于)流光 况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上 游于赤壁之下 月出于东山之上，徘徊于斗牛之 课文 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 第一段，描写夜游赤壁的情景，展现了一个诗情画意的境界:清风明月交织，露珠和水色辉映。在这澄澈、幽美的夜景中，主客秋夜荡舟，把酒诵诗。置身于如此良辰美景之中，作者油然而生“遗世”“羽化”之乐，不禁飘飘欲仙。从而为全文定下了一个悠扬和谐的基调。 译文是: 壬戌年秋天～七月十六日～我和客人荡着船儿～在赤壁下游玩。清风缓缓吹来～水面波浪不兴。举起酒杯～劝客人同饮～朗颂《月出》诗～吟唱‚窈窕‛一章。一会儿～月亮从东边山上升起～徘徊在斗宿、牛宿之间。白蒙蒙的雾气笼罩江面～水光一片～与天相连。任凭水船儿自由漂流～浮动在那茫茫无边的江面上。江水旷远啊～船儿像凌空驾风而行～不知道将停留到什么地方,飘飘然～又像脱离尘世～无牵无挂～变成飞升仙果的神仙。 第二段，写作者饮酒放歌的欢乐和客人悲凉的箫声。箫声起，悲意生。哀怨，爱慕，哭泣，申诉，潜龙舞，新妇泣，六个比喻，渲染萧声的悲凉，主客触景生情，由欢乐转为悲凉，引起下文主客问答的议论。 译文是: 这时候～喝着酒～心里十分快乐～便敲着船舷唱起歌来。唱道:‚桂木做的棹啊兰木做的桨～拍击着澄明的水波啊～在月光浮动的江面逆流而上。我的情思啊悠远茫茫～瞻望心中的美人啊～在天边遥远的地方。‛客人中有会吹洞箫的～随着歌声吹箫伴奏～箫声呜咽～象含怨～象怀恋～象抽泣～象低诉。吹完后～余音悠长～象细长的丝缕延绵不断。这声音～能使深渊里潜藏的蛟龙起舞～使孤独小船上的寡妇悲泣。 第三段，写客人感慨人生短促无常的悲观情绪。作者借主客问答的方式抚今追昔，畅述对天地人生的感触。客人从眼前的明月、江水、山川，想到曹操的诗。世间万物，英雄豪杰，不过是过眼烟云，随着岁月的流逝而灰飞烟灭，风流散尽。想到自己贬谪黄州，青春虚度不禁悲从中来。 译文是: 我有些忧伤～理好衣襟端正地坐着～问那客人说:‚为什么奏出这样悲凉的声音呢,‛客人回答说:‚‘月光明亮星星稀少～一只只乌鸦向南飞翔’～这不是曹孟德的诗句吗,向西望是夏口～向东望是武昌～这儿山水环绕～草木茂盛苍翠～不就是曹操被周瑜打败的地方吗,当他占取荆州～攻下江陵～顺江东下的时候～战船连接千里～旌旗遮蔽天空～临江饮酒～横握着长矛吟诗～本是一时的豪杰～如今在哪里呢,何况我和你在江中的小洲上捕鱼打柴～以鱼虾为伴侣～以麋鹿为朋友,驾着一只小船～举杯互相劝酒,寄托蜉蝣一般短暂生命在天地之间～渺小得象大海里的一粒小米。哀叹我们生命的短促～羡慕长江的无穷无尽。愿与神仙相伴而遨游～同明月一道永世长存。知道这种愿望是不能突然实现的～只好把这种无可奈何的心情寄托于曲调之中～在悲凉的秋风中吹奏出来。‛ 第四段，写作者丢开个人的愁怀，欣赏大自然美妙风光和豁达开朗的心情，“苏子”的回答，照应文章写景，以明月江水作比，说明世界的万物和人生，都既有变的一面，又有不变的一面。从变的角度看，天地万物就连一眨眼的工夫都不能保持不变;从不变的角度看，万物和人类都是永久不变的，用不着羡慕无穷和明月的永不增减，也用不着哀叹人生的短促，steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury 而应保持旷达乐观的态度。 译文是: 我对客人说:‚你也知道那水和月的道理吗,水象这样不断流去～但它实际上不曾流去,月亮时圆缺～但它终于没有消损和增长。原来～要是从那变化的方面去看它～那么天地间的万事万物～连一眨眼的时间都不曾保持过原状,从容不那不变的方面去看它～那么事物和我们本身都没有穷尽～我们又羡慕什么呢,再说那天地之间～万物各有主宰者～如果不是我应有的东西～虽说是一丝一毫也不拿取。只有江上的清风～与山间的明月～耳朵听它～听到的便是声音～眼睛看它～看到的便是色彩～得到它没有人禁止～享用它没有竭尽～这是大自然的无穷宝藏～是我和你可以共同享受的。‛ 第五段，写客人转悲为喜，主客开怀畅饮，兴尽入睡。这个结尾意味深长，既照应了开头超然欲仙的快乐，又是向政敌的一种暗示:我虽然遭受迫害，贬谪黄州，但我的日子过得并不错，既不寂寞也无苦恼。这实际上是一种抗议。 译文是: 我和客人们高兴地笑了起来～点燃蜡烛再次饮酒。菜肴和水果都已经吃完～杯子和盘子也一片狼藉。我与客人们相互在船里睡着了～不知道天已经亮了。 全文的感情线索:第一段:江上泛游，感情由平静到高昂。第二段:饮酒放歌之乐引出客人的悲凉萧声。第三段:主客问答引出人生短暂之感。第四段:苏子超然于世的情怀。第五段:客转悲为喜，主客畅饮。 本文的艺术特点: (1)写景、抒情、议论的紧密结合 全文不论抒情还是议论始终不离江上风光和赤壁故事。这就创造出一种情、景、理的融合，充满诗情画意而又含着人生哲理的艺术境界。第一段重在写景，与作者超然旷达的心境相映成趣，也为下文的抒情、议论奠定了基础。第四段虽然重在说理，却借追述陈迹、感怀历史人物而显示人生与天地“变”也“不变”的哲理。 )“以文为赋”的体裁形式 (2 本文既保留了传统赋体那种诗的特质与情韵，同时又吸取了散文的笔调和手法，打破了赋在句式、声律和对偶等方面的束缚，更多的是散文的成分，使文章兼具有诗歌的深致情韵，又有散文的透辟理意。散文的笔势笔调，使全篇文情勃郁顿挫，如“万斛泉源”，喷薄而出。与赋的讲究整齐对偶不同，它的抒写更为自由。如开头一段“壬戌之秋，七月既望，苏子与客逍舟于赤壁之下”，全是散句，参差疏落之中却有整饬之致;心下直到篇末，虽都押韵，但换韵较快，而且换韵处往往就是全文的一个段落，这就使本文特别宜于诵读，极富声韵之美，体现出韵文文学的长处。 (3)优美形象，善于取譬的语言特色 如描写箫声的幽咽哀怨:“其声呜呜然，如怨如慕，如泣如诉，余音袅袅，不绝如缕。舞幽壑之潜蛟，润孤舟之嫠妇。”将抽象而不易捉摸的声情，写得俱体可感，诉诸读者的视觉和听觉 steel welding procedure 6 SH3525-2004 petrochemical JB/ T4708-2000 of welding procedure qualification for steel pressure vessels 7 JB/4709-2000 8 JB4730-2005 pressure vessel welding procedures of steel pressure vessel NDT 9 JB/T4744-2000 steel pressure vessel products mechanical properties test of welded plate II, mechanical equipment installation engineering 1 GB150-98 2 GB50128-2005 vertical cylindrical steel pressure vessel steel welded specification for construction and acceptance of oil tank 3 JB/ T4735-1997 steel welded atmospheric pressure vessel 4 GB50231-2009 mechanical equipment installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury