商务英语名词解释

1.Budget—预算anaccountofprobablefutureincomeandexpenditureduringastated,period,usu.ayearusedasaguideinmakingfinancialarrangements.2.Return—回报thegainfromaninvestment,eitherasincomeoryieldorasprofitonthesaleoftheinvestment.3.Portfolio—证券投资组合theentirecollectionofinvestmentsintheformofstocks,bonds,orcertificateofdepositsforpurposesotherthancontrolling4.Royalty—专利税moneypaidtotheownerofacopyrightforpermissiontopublishcopyrightmaterialandtotheownerofapatentforpermissiontouseapatenteddesign,usu.atagreedpercentageofthesellingpriceoftheproduct.5.Patent—专利权aspecialrighttoaninventortobetheonlypersontomakeandsell,ortoauthorizeotherstomakeandsellanewly-inventedmachineorprocess.6.Non-tariffbarrier—非贸易壁垒allformsofman-madeobstructionstointernationaltradeotherthantariffs,includingprohibitionsandquotas,etc.7.Franchise—经销权anarrangementbywhichamonopolyproducerorownergivesanotherpermissionfortheexclusiverighttomanufactureorselltheproductsinacertainarea.power—购买力ofpersons,thepublic,havingthemoneytobuygoodsandservices.9.PPP—购买力平价purchasingpowerparity10.tariff—关税taxleviedbythecustomstotrade—贸易壁垒anyactionbyagovernmenttolimitorpreventthefreeflowofgoodsinandoutofitscountry.commodities—初级产品thosecommoditiesnotprocessed,oronlyslightlyprocessed,usuallyfarmproduceorrawmaterials—退税dutiespaidonimportedgoodsthatarerefundedwhenre-exportedduties—从量税dutiesleviedonthebasisofquantity,weight,sizeetc.ofthegoodsvaloremduties—从价税dutiesleviedonthebasisofthepriceofthegoods—运费thepriceorcostoftransportationoffer—主动发盘anoffermadeontheinitiativeoftheoffererparties—缔约方signatoriesofanagreementmajeure—[不可抗力]socialornaturalcalamitiesthattakeplacebeyondthecontrolofacontractingpartyoffer—持盘anofferwhosetermsandconditionsarebindingontheoffer—受要约人thepartytowhomanofferismade—极度通货膨胀soaringofpricesbeyondcontrol—通货膨胀riseinpricesbroughtaboutbytheexcessdemand,expansionofmoneysupply,creditetc.—贸易保护主义thetheoryofthesystemofdevelopinghomecountriesthroughdutiesandothermeansimposedoncompetitiveimports—双边的oftwosides—捆绑式销售theexchangeofgoodsorservicesaretiedtogether—债权人apersontowhomoneownsmoney—债务人apersonwhoowesmoney—违约failtocarryoutanobligation—汇票anunconditionalordertosomeonetopayasumofmoney—汇款thesendingofmoneyorthemoneysent—出票人thepersonwhoissuesadraft,usuallytheexporter—受票人thepersontowhomadraftisdrawn—资信beingbelievedoracceptedbyothersasreliableinmakingpaymentofanL/C—出口信用证theimporterthatgoestoabankfortheestablishmentofanL/C—受益人thecompanythatcanmakeuseofanL/Ctogetpaidforitsexportbank—保兑行thebankthataddsitsowncommitmenttoanL/C—退款paybacktosomebodyfortheexpenseshehasspentcredit—光票信用证acreditthatdoesnotrequireshippingdocumentsforpaymentcredit—即期信用证acreditbywhichpaymentcanbemadeuponpresentationofthedraft—中间商traderthroughwhomgoodspassbetweentheproducerandtheconsumer—收货人thepartyinthebillofladingtowhomthegoodsareshippedmarks—唛头whatisprintedontheouterpackingofgoodsassymbolforidentificationinthecourseoftransportationpolicy—保险单adocumentusedforcoveringpossiblerisks—抬头righttothepossessionofapositionorproperty—被保险人apersoncoveredbyaninsurancepolicy—保险费theamountpaidbyaninsuredforcoverageunderthecontractloss—潜在损失losswhichispossibletoincur—索赔apaymentdemandedinaccordancewithaninsurancepolicy—利润amountabovewhatisestimatedasnecessary—保险公司apersonwhocarriesoninsuranceasabusiness—发票adocumentforthegeneraldescriptionofthegoodsandtheprice—赔偿金somethinggivenorreceivedasanequivalentforloss—联营acombinationoffundsformedforcommonadvantagetransportation—多式联运transportthatcombinesroad,rail,seaandair—兑换torepayorpayoff,esp.loanstock,debenturesandpreferencesharesorstock—结算theactofpayingabill,debt,charge,etcrate—汇率thepriceatwhichonecurrencycanbeexchangedforanothercurrencycirculation—货币流通moneyinthehandsofthepublicandbeingusedtopayforgoodsandservices—货币贬值theactofagovernmentinreducingbylawtheexchangevalueofitscurrencyinunitsofgoldorascomparedwithothercurrencies—储备金moneyheldasidetomeetfuturedemand—投资theactofputtingmoneytouseinsomethingofferingprofitablereturns—配额alimitplacedbyagovernmentontheamountofimportsorcommodity—自动出口限制anagreementbyacountry’sexportersorgovernmenttolimittheirexportsorgovernmenttolimittheirexportstoanothercountryproperty—知识产权certainnon-tangibleassetsheld,principallycoveringtheareasofpatentprotection,registeredtrademarksanddesigns,andcopy-rightholiday—免税期aperiodoftimeduringwhichtaxisnotleviedventure—合资企业abusinesswheretheprovisionofriskcapitalissharedbetweentwoormorefirms—金边债券stocksissuedbygovernment—成本效益好producingoptimumresultsfortheexpenditure—反倾销oneformofactionwhichmaybetakenbyagovernmenttoprotectindustriesfromunfaircompetitionbywhichgoodsaresoldatapricelowerthaninthecountrywheretheyaremanufactured—授权authoritygiventoperformadutyparty—缔约国acountryorfirmthatsignsalegalagreementtrade有形贸易:Theformofcommoditytrade,.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.(includingcashtransaction-bymeansofmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade)trade无形贸易:Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.(foreigndirectinvestments)ismadeofreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedinahostcountry.investment证券投资:Purchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.债券:Thepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.许可经营:Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.特许经营:afirmcalledthefranchisee,isallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,calledthefranchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logos,andoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.特许方:Afirmwhoprovidesthefranchiseewithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.被特许方:Afirmisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother.国民生产总值:GrossnationalProduct.Themarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.国内生产总值:GrossDomesticProduct.Themarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.capitaGDP人均国内生产总值:ItiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulation,whichrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers.distribution收入分布:Theproportionsofitsrich,middleincomeandpoorpeople.tradearea自由贸易区:Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselveswhilestilladoptseachownexternalpolicyunion关税同盟:Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselvesandadoptthesameexternalpolicymarket共同市场:Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproductionandadoptthesameexternalpolicy.Union(EU)经济同盟:Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproduction,adoptthesameexternalpolicyandharmonizetheirtaxation,governmentexpenditure,industrypoliciesandusethesamecurrency.MNCheadquarter跨国公司母公司，总部istheoriginalinvestingmultinationalcorporation.ItisalsotheinternationalheadquartersoftheMNE.county母国:Thecountrywheretheheadquarteroftheinvestorislocated.country东道国:Thehostcountryisaforeigncountrywheretheinvestoroperates.advantage绝对利益:Itholdsthatacommoditywillbeproducedinthecountrywhereitcostsleastintermsofresources(capital,landandlabor)advantage比较利益:Evenifacountryislessefficientthananotherintheproductionofbothcommodities,thereisstillabasisformutuallybeneficialtrade.1..Internationaltrade国际贸易:Theexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountrywiththoseproducedinanothersufficient.duties进口关税:Tariffsleviedongoodsenteringanareaduties出口关税:Taxesleviedongoodsleavinganarea(MFN)treatment最惠国待遇:Atarifftreatmentunderwhichacountryisrequiredtoextendtoallsignatoriesanytariffconcessionsgrantedtoanyparticipatingcountry/enquiry询盘、询价:Itismadebythebuyerstogetinformationaboutthegoodstobeorderedsuchasquantity,specifications,prices,timeofshipmentandotherterms.报盘:Estimateofhowmuchsomethingwillcostoffer还盘:Newoffermadebytheoriginaloffereetotheoriginalofferer:Riseinpricesbroughtaboutbytheexcessdemand,expansionofmoneysupply,creditetc易货贸易:Thedirectexchangeofgoodsandservices,whichiscompletedinashortperiodoftime.purchase反向购买、互购贸易:Theassumptionbyanexporterofatransferableobligationthroughseparatebutlinkedcontracttoacceptasfullorpartialpaymentgoodsandservicesfromtheimporterorimportingcountry.回购贸易:Anagreementbyanexporterofplantandequipmenttotakebackinthefuturepartoftheoutputproducedbythesegoodsasfullorpartialpayment.汇付:Thismethodisalwaysemployedbythepartieswhoarefamiliarwithandtrusteachotherdraft跟单汇票:Thedraftisaccompaniedbytherelevantdocuments.collection跟单托收:Itismeansofensuringthatthegoodsareonlyhandedovertothebuyerwhentheamountshownonabillofexchangeispaidorwhenthecustomeracceptsthebillasacontracttopaybyaspecifieddate.draft即期汇票:Thedraftcallsforimmediatepaymentonpresentationtothedrawee.draft远期汇票Termdraft=Tenordraft:Thedraftispayableatalaterdateonpresentationtothedrawee.汇票:=Billofexchange.Itisanunconditionalordertoabankoracustomertopayasumofmoneytosomeoneondemandoratafixedtimeinthefuture.ofexchange—汇票writtenorderdrawnbythebeneficiaryonthebankforthepurposeofpayment(OpenerorPrincipal)申请人:ThepersonwhoinstructshisbanktoissueanL/C.(theimporter)ofanL/C:TheimporterthatgoestoabankfortheestablishmentofanL/Cbank(Issuingbank,Establishingbank)开证行:Thebankthatissuesthecredit.bank:thebankthatissuestheletterofcreditiscalledtheopeningbank.受益人:Theexporterinwhosefavorthecreditisopenedband往来行、关系行:Thebankintheexporter’scountry,whichtheopeningbanksendsthecredittoitbank通知行:Thebankintheexporter’scountry,whichadvisestheexportertheL/C,isreceived.bank保兑行:Thebankaddsitsconfirmationtothecredit.bank付款行:Thebankacceptsornegotiatesthebillofexchange.bank议付行:Thebankbuystheexporter’sdraftsubmittedtoitunderacredit.documentarycredit跟单信用证:Thecreditsthatrequireshippingdocumentstobepresentedtogetherwiththedraft.credit可撤消信用证:Thecreditscanbealteredorevencanceledwithoutconsultingwiththebeneficiary.credit不可撤消信用证:Thecreditthatcannotbeamendedorrevokedwithouttheconsentofalthepartiesconcerned.credit保兑信用证:Thecreditisconfirmedbyabankotherthantheissuingbankcredit不保兑信用：Thecreditisn’tconfirmedbyanotherbankcredit即期信用证:Thecreditbywhichpaymentcanbemadeuponpresentationofthedraftcredit(Termcredit,Timecredit)远期信用证:Thecreditbywhichpaymentcannotbemadeuntilaspecificdateoraspecifictimeafterthedateofaftersight.credit可转让信用证:Thecreditcanbetransferredbytheoriginalbeneficiarytooneormoreparties.credit不可转让信用证:Thecreditcannotbetransferred.credit无汇票信用证:Thecreditthatpaymentoftobemadebypresentationofthedocumentswithouttheformalityofdrawingandpresentingadraft.credit循环信用证:Thecreditstipulatedthatitsamountcanberenewedorreinstatedwithoutspecificamendmenttothecreditbeingmade.invoice商业发票:Thedocumentisthegeneraldescriptionofthequalityandquantityofthegoodsandtheunitandtotalprice.holder合法持有人isanownerofapropertywhoisentitledtoitbylawlist装箱单:Thedocumentsgivesinformationsuchasthenumber,date,nameanddescriptionofthegoods,shippingmarks,packing,numberofpackages,specificcontentsofeachpackageanditsnetwithandgrossweightetc.billoflading记名提单:Itismadeoutsothatonlythenamedconsigneeisentitledtotakedeliveryofthegoodsunderthebill.carrier公共承运人:Itisprivatelyorpubliclyownedcompaniescommittedtoperformingamovementserviceofthesamequalityforallshippersonanequalbasisandwithoutdiscrimination.carrier契约承运人:Individualcontractsmaybearrangedbetweentransportationusersandcarriers(thetransportationcompany).被保险人，保户:Thepersonwhotransferrisk.承保人:Thepersonoracompanywhoassumerisk(theinsurancecompany,theunderwriter).insurance货物保险:Itisanactivityaimedatmovingtheburdenofriskfromtheshouldersoftheexportsandimporters,andplacingitupontheshouldersofspecialistrisk-bearingunderwriters.insurance海上保险:Theinsuranceofshipsandtheircargoes.保险:Itisasocialdeviceinwhichagroupofindividualstransferriskandprovidesforpaymentoflossesfromfundscontributedbyallmemberswhotransferredrisk.quote/quotation（汇率）直接标价:Adirectexchangerateisthepriceofaforeigncurrencyintermsofthehomecurrency.1美元=元外币为基准quote/quotation（汇率）间接标价:Anindirectexchangerateisthepriceofhomecurrencyintermsofaforeigncurrency.rate买入价:Itreferstotheratebywhichacommercialbankbuysacurrency.rate卖出价:Itistheratebywhichabanksellsacurrency.rate中间价Itistheaverageofthebuyingrateandthesellingrate.特别提款权:SpecialDrawingRight.ItissometimescalledpapergoldandusedtosettleofficialtransactionattheIMF.反倾销:torestricttheexportexpansionofothercountries.plan:商业 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 futureactionstobetakenbyacompany,concerningproducts,production,market,investment,etc.:propertyoranitemofvalueacceptableassecurityforaloanorotherobligation.担保物：被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产exchange:证券交易市场amarketwherestocksandsharesareboughtandsoldunderfixedrules,butatpricesdeterminedbysupply&demand.:零售thesaleofgoodsorcommoditiesinsmallquantitiesdirectlytoconsumers.deduction:anexpense费用thatataxpayerisallowedtodeductfromtaxableincome.:保单theprintedlegaldocumentstatingthetermsofinsurancecontractthatisissuedtothepolicyholder投保人bycompany.relations:公关PR,theactivityofkeepinggoodrelationshipsbetweenanorganizationandthepeopleoutsideit.:aperiodofdrasticdeclineinanationalorinternationaleconomy,characterizedbydecreasingbizactivity,fallingprices,andunemployment.萧条，不景气：国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业deficit:贸易逆差importsminusexportsofgoodsandservices.surplus:贸易顺差exportsminusimportsofgoodsandservices.oftrade贸易支付差额thevalueofcountry’sexportsminusthevalueofitsimports.sanction:useofatradepolicyasasanction,mostcommonlyanembargo禁运imposedagainstacountryforviolatinghumanrights.reciprocity贸易互惠:thepracticebywhichgovernmentsextendsimilarconcessions让步toeachother,aswhenonegov’tlowersitstariffsorotherbarriersimpedingitsimportsinexchangeforequivalentconcessionfromatradingpartneronbarriersaffectingitsexports.capital:Moneymadeavailableforinvestmentininnovativeenterprisesorresearch,especiallyinhightechnology,inwhichboththeriskoflossandthepotentialforprofitmaybeconsiderable.Alsocalledriskcapital风险资本：投放在富革新精神的企业或研究的资金，尤指用于高科技，其中亏损的风险和赢利的潜力可能都会很大也作riskcapital:abizorundertaking事业thathasrecentlybegunoperation.sheet资产负债 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf ,缩写.:afinancialstatementthatreportstheassetsandequitiesofacompanyataparticulartime.一个公司或机构在指定日期的资产、负债和所有者投资的列表说明资本额的调整theactorprocessofchangingthecapitalstructureofacompany.market:aplacewherestocks,bonds,orothersecuritiesareboughtandsold.flow:Thecashreceiptsornetincomefromoneormoreassetsforagivenperiod,reckonedaftertaxesandotherdisbursements,andoftenusedasameasureofcorporateworth.现金流出量：在特定的一段时间内来自一项或数项财产，扣除税收和其它支付金额外所得的现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值:requiringorhavingalargeexpenditureoflaborincomparisontocapital.share:theproportionoftotalsalesvolumesofacertainmarketthatacompanycaptures.capital:assetsorcapitalintheformofknowledgepatentortechnology,etc.tradedcompanies(PTC):companieswhosesharesaretradedinstockmarkets.markets新兴市场:marketswhicharenewlyformedorhavejustcomeintoprominence.investment(有价)证券投资:investmentinsecuritiessuchasbondsandstockswiththeaimtoearninterestanddividendsratherthanparticipateinthemanagementofcompanies.turnover:库存[商品]周转率thenumberoftimesaparticularstockofgoodsissoldandrestockedduringagivenperiodoftime.time订货至交货的时间：theperiodoftimebetweentheactualorderingofpartsorequipmentandthedeliveryofthem.：Afranchisetosellspecifieditemsinacertainarea.商品代理权：在某一区域内出售某特定商品的特许权recession:Anextendeddeclineingeneralbusinessactivity,typicallythreeconsecutivequartersoffallingrealgrossnationalproduct.衰退：经济活动普遍而持续地衰败，尤指三个连续季度的社会总产品净值的下降:Aperiodofdrasticdeclineinanationalorinternationaleconomy,characterizedbydecreasingbusinessactivity,fallingprices,andunemployment.squeeze流动性逃避:financialpressurecausedbyshortagesofnarrowingeconomicmargins.merger(借壳上市)：itisaspecialkindofacquisitionthatenablesaprivatecompanytogetpublicly-listedinarelativelyshorttimeperiod.areversemergeroccurswhenaprivatecompanythathasstrongprospectsandiseagertoraisefinancingbuysapublicly-listedshellcompany(空壳公司)。90..moneymarket:Thetradeinshort-term,low-risksecurities,suchascertificatesofdepositand.Treasurynotes.短期资金市场：一种短期、低风险的证券经营买卖市场，如银行存单和美国短期公债。market：amarket,especiallysecuritiesmarket,thatisgoinguporexpectedtogoup.:Thedifferencebetweenthecostandthesellingpriceofsecuritiesorcommodities.盈余：证券或商品的成本与销售价之间的差额estate:Land,includingallthenaturalresourcesandpermanentbuildingsonit.不动产：土地，包括土地上的所有自然资源和永久性建筑fund对冲基金公司：aninvestmentcompanythatuseshigh-risktechniques,suchasborrowingmoneyandsellingshort,inanefforttomakeextraordinarycapitalgains.short:Tocontractforthesaleofsecuritiesorcommoditiesoneexpectstoownatalaterdateandatmoreadvantageousterms.卖空：订立 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 出售自己在以后的某个时间才会拥有的证券或商品以便获得较有利的条款承兑Anacceptancecreditcallfordraftstobedrawnatatenorforacceptancebytheissuingbankoranydraweenawedinthecredit.汇票承兑信用证要求汇票按规定在一定期限内由开证行或者其他在信用证上签名的收款人来检验。托收entrustbanksasintermediariestocollectthemoneyforthegoods委托银行作中间人收取款项票据astatementofmoneyowedforgoodsorservices;demandpaymenttax税收chargeagainstacitizen'spersonorpropertyoractivityforthesupportofgovernment;levyataxon期权therighttobuyorsellpropertyatanagreedprice;therightispurchasedandifitisnotexercisedbyastateddatethemoneyisforfeited在外汇交易中，以契约形式规定的在某一特定日期或在未来某一日期，按规定的价格买（看涨期权）或卖（看跌期权）特定数量的基础票据权利。期货Acurrencyfuture,alsoFXfutureorforeignexchangeafuturescontracttoexchangeonecurrencyforanotheratspecifieddateinthefutureataprice(exchangerate买卖双方约定于未来某一特定日期，以约定价格买卖的约定数量的商品。exchange汇率,外汇pricebyonecurrencyforothercurrency;meansthesystemutilizedinfinancinginternationalpayments.一个用于支付国际金融付款的系统。break减税，所得税宽减额ataxdeductionthatisgrantedinordertoencourageaparticulartypeofcommercialactivity垄断onesellerbutmanybuyers.tax代扣所得税arethoseimposedbygovernmentsondividendinterestandroyaltypaymentstoforeigninvestors.代扣所得税是政府向国外投资者的股息、利息和特许权使用费的收入征收的税。tax增值税thistaxistypicallyleviedonthevalueaddedateachstageofproduction每一个产品增加的价值ordistributionofpayments国际收支平衡accountskeeptrackofbothitspaymentstoanditsreceiptsfromothercountries.