虚拟语气形式及综合练习讲稿

第一部分虚拟语气的形式第一部分导论 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示虚拟语气的方法很多，主要通过时态呼应来表示。其形式有：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气、与过去事实相反的虚拟语气、与将来事实相反的虚拟语气、用Itis....that句型表示虚拟语气、用介词短语或者复合连词引导虚拟语气、用wish句型表示虚拟语气、用某些动词引导虚拟语气、用asif等表示虚拟语气、用情态动词组合表示虚拟语气，及其他虚拟语气的表达形式。一、与现在事实相反的虚拟语气1.Iftherewerenogravity,_______airaroundtheearth.A.therewouldnotbeB.therewouldbenotC.therehadbeennoD.therewouldbeno选D,从句用过去时,主句用过去将来时.2.Ifwedidnothaveatmosphericpressure,we__automobilefires.A.wouldhavenotB.hadbeennoC.couldnothaveD.willnothave选C,主句could也可用wouldmight等代替3.Ifthebearings_______properly,theywouldberapidlyoverheated.A.hadnotbeenlubricatedB.wouldnotbelubricatedC.werenotlubricatedD.benotlubricated选C,表示与现在事实相反4._______notfortelevision,wecouldnotseethingshappeninginotherplacesatthemomenttheyarehappening.A.WasthereB.WerethereC.WasitD.Wereit选D,可用倒装形式表示虚拟语气,但必须省略if5._______,hewouldhelpustosolvetheseproblems.A.HadhetimeB.DidhehavetimeC.HadtimeifbeD.Hadhehadtime选A,相当于Ifhehadtime二过去事实相反的虚拟语气1.TomwouldhavegonetoNewYork_______togetaplanereservation.A.ifhewouldbeableB.ifhewereabletoC.ifhehadbeenableD.ifhewasableto选C,主句用过去将来完成时,从句用过去完成时,2.Oneinvestigationshowedthatfortypercentofthosekilledinautoaccidents__iftheyhadbeenwearingseatbelts.A.wouldhavebeensavedB.couldhavebeensavedC.shouldhavebeensavedD.mighthavebeensaved选B,可用could来代替would表示可能3._______,Iwouldneverhavemanagedtofulfillthetaskaheadoftime.A.HaditnotbeenforyourhelpB.IfitwerenotforyourhelpC.IfithasnotbeenforyourhelpD.Wereitnotforyourhelp选A,可用倒装句型,省略if4."Thepresidentmadeabrilliantdecision,didn'the?""Yes,hedid.Idon'tknowwhatI'dhavedone._______tomakethatdecision."A.wouldIhaveB.haveIhadC.hadIhadD.didIhave选C,表示我不知道当时如果要我作出决定的话,我该怎么办.5."Whydidn'tTomgiveyouoneofhispaintings?""Ididn'twantone,buthewouldhavegivenmeoneifIreally__A.didB.wouldC.wereD.had选D,相当于ifIhadwantedone,省略是为了避免重复.三与将来事实相反的虚拟语气1.Ifthewatersoftheocean__movedaway,theseafloorwithitswidevalleys,un-evenmountainsandsubmarineriverswouldbeanunbelievablesight.A.wasabletoB.wereabletoC.couldbeD.wouldbe选C,主句用wouldbe,从句可用shouldbe或者couldbe,全句译成:有朝一日,如果人们能把海水移走,那么展现在我们面前的将是那宽广的海谷凹凸不平的群山以及地下河流.2.Ifhe_______thistest,hemightdoitinsomeotherway.A.haddoneB.shoulddoC.wouldhavedoneD.weretodo选D,我们可以用wereto来代替should.另外,还需注意主句用动词原形,从句可用过去式,表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气.3._______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WereheleavingB.WouldheleaveC.IfheleavesD.Ifhehadleft选B,相当于Ifhewouldleave.4._______madetoworkinthisway,itwouldincreaseitsefficiencyby100%.A.WeretheenginetobeB.IftheenginewouldbeC.WastheenginebeD.Iftheenginewas选A.用wereto来代替would,从意思上讲更好,全句译成:"如果未来人们能够用这种方法使发动机运转的话.....选B从语法上讲也没错.5.Ifheshouldcometomorrow,he__helpustoseeintothematter.A.willB.shouldC.canD.could选B,当主语是第二,三称时,用should表示说话人的看法或者意志.四用Itis...that句型表示虚拟语气1.Itwasessentialthatallthenecessarydocuments_______tothepresident'sofficebeforetheendofthismonth.A.behandedinB.mustbehandedinC.shouldhandinD.hadbeenhandedin选A,Itisessentialthat句型要求从句时态用should+动词原形;should常常被省略,这类关键词还有'important,best,necessary,important,desirable,advisable,urgent,vital等等.2.Itisappropriatethatmoretime_______tothoroughstudyofthescheme.A.shouldhavebeendevotedB.oughttobedevotedC.mustbedevotedD.bedevoted选D,表示应该多花点时间仔细研究这项 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 .3.It'simportantthatastudent_______thatthenumberonacardspecifiesthelocationofthebookinthelibrary.A.understandB.understandsC.understoodD.hadunderstood选A,在itis...that句型中尽管是第三人称单数仍然应选动词原形,因为前面省略了should.4.Itisimperativethatyoursignature___onyouridentificationcard.A.hadtoappearB.appearedC.appearsD.appear选D.Itisimperativethat..表示"......,是绝对必要的".动词前省略了should,所以用原形.5.It'shighlydesirablethatanewgeneralmanager__forthiscompany.A.isappointedB.beappointedC.willbeappointedD.wouldbeappointed选B.highly表示"非常",强调语气.省略should.用动词原形.6.Itseemssounfairthatthis______happentomeallthetime.A.doesB./C.shouldD.would选C,这里should表示'竟然",不能省略.五用介词短语或者复合连词引导虚拟语气1.Butforthehelphegaveme,I__mytaskaheadoftime.A.hadnotcompletedB.couldnotcompleteC.wouldnothavecompletedD.completed选C短语用过去式,表明此句与过去事实相反.2.He______initbutthathesawithimself.A.couldnotbelieveB.couldnothavebelievedC.hadalreadybelievedD.werebelieving选B.butfor后面+名词,而butthat后面+句子,句意相同,表示"除非他亲眼所见"3.Withouttrees,ourentireworld__amuchdrierplace.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wouldbeD.istobe选C.without+n.后面三种情况都可能,这里可转换成Iftherewerenotrees4.Intheabsenceoffriction,belts__inconveyinggoodsfromonemachinetoanother.A.won'tbeusedB.werenotusedC.hadnotbeenusedD.couldnotbeused选D,表示与现在事实相反.5.Hehasbeenworkinghardforfearthat____.A.hefellbehindB.hewouldfallbehindC.heshouldfallbehindD.hehadfallenbehind选C,在forfearthat动词形式是should+动词原形.should:有时也被省略.'6.Themotherputthemedicinehighontheshelflestthelittleboy__it.A.takeB.takesC.tookD.willtake选A.lest与forfearthat同义,后面用should+动词原形.should有时被省略7.Supposingthatshedoesn'tcome,__wedo?A.whatshallB.whatshouldC.whatwouldD.whatwill选A.supposingthat与If同义,表示假使,但是,不用虚拟形式.六用wish句型表示虚拟语气1.Iwishthattheweather_______notsohot.A.wasB.wereC.beD.hadbeen选B,表示与现在事实相反,2.Wewishthatyou______suchalotofwork,becauseweknowthatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheparty.A.wouldnothaveB.wouldn'thavehadC.didnothaveD.hadnothad选D,表示与过去事实相反.3.Wewishyou_____yourmindbeforeleavingtomorrow.A.couldchangeB.changedC.hadchangedD.wouldhavechanged选D,表示与将来事实相反.4.Marrywishesthatshe__herfatherlastnight.A.hadmetB.wouldhavemetC.couldmeetD.met选A,注意:是lastmight,而不是wishes决定时态的属性.5.Mygradeonthefinalexaminationisterrible;IwishI__anewplanmorethoroughly.A.hadstudiedoutB.studiedoutC.wouldhavestudiedoutD.couldstudyout选D,表示但愿我能制订一个新计划.七用某些动词引导虚拟语气.txt1.Heinsistedthatshe_____theumbrellaforit'sraininghardoutside.A.takesB.takeC.musttakeD.istaking选B,在动词demand,insist,require,request,suggest,recommend,order,decide,urge等后面的从句中,可以省略should,用动词原形.2.Thehousemasterwasstrict.Herequestedthatwe__televisiononweeknights.A.didnotwatchB.notwatchC.mustnotwatchD.wouldwatchno选B,省略了should3.Idemandeitherofyou__backtotakeanumbrellaforfearthatyoushouldbecaughtintherain.A.hurryB.willhurryC.hurriesD.hurried选A,省略了should,直接跟动词原形.4.Thegeneralmanagerrecommendsthatwe____aspatientaspossiblewhatevertheconsumesofthiskindcomplainof.A.beB.amC.wereD.shallbe选A,省略了should用be5.Thelawrequiresthateverycar___atleastonceayear.A.willbecheckedB.becheckedC.mustbecheckedD.oughttobechecked选B,省略了should.有时候,也可用被动形式.6.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios______after1lo'clockatnight.A.notbeplayedB.didnotplayC.werenotplayedD.donotplay选A.相当于Thehotelmanagementrequeststhat....7.Weweresurprisedthathe_____thismethodofkillingtime.A.choosesB.choseC.wouldchooseD.shouldchoose选D,这里用动词原形更好.8.Itwasproposedthatthematter__relatedindetailatthenextlecture.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.hadtobeD.shouldbe选D,同上.表示将作详细论述.9.Theprofessorgaveordersthatthetest__before5:30.A.willhavebeenfinishedB.BefinishedC.willbefinishedD.shouldhavebeenfinished选B.gaveorders等于ordered,只是说法不一样而已.10.Everyoneagreedtohissuggestionthatanotherbridge__builtacrosstheriver.A.wasB.hadbeenC.beD.wouldbe选C,that从句依然指建议,表示一种虚拟.11.MayIbegthatyou______anydecisioninthismatteruntilInegotiatewithyou?A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.won'tmakeD.haven'tmade选B.beg与urge同义,表示"请求"12.Wearerejoicedthatourpredictions__soaccurate.A.areB.wereC.shouldbeD.willbe选C,这里也表示竟然.全句译成:"我们竟然会猜中,真使我们兴奋不已,八用asif.asthough.evenif和eventhough引导虚拟语气.1.Themoleculesofagasbehaveasthoughthey__perfectlyelasticbodies.A.hadbeenB.beC.wereD.wouldbe选C,表示与现在事实相反.2.Thisdeviceoperatesasif______A.itwasrepairedB.ithadbeenrepairedC.itwouldberepairedD.itshouldhavebeenrepaired选B,表示与过去事实相反3.______theyhaddroppedfromtheair,scoresofantsbegantomaterializeonthesandwichIhadplacedbesideme.A.AsifB.OnlyifC.EvenifD.Whatif选A,表示仿佛从天上掉下来似的.4.Heatcanflowfromahotbodytoacoolerbodyasifit__afluid.A.wasB.wereC.isD.willbe选B,不管主是单数还是复数,均用were表示虚拟.5.EventhoughIwerestarving,I__afavorsofhim.A.wouldnotaskB.werenotaskingC.hadnotbeenaskingD.didnotask选A.eventhough与asthough不一样.eventhough表示"即挨饿".其实并不挨饿.6.Ididn'tknowthisPicassoExhibitionwasclosed,butIwouldn'thavebeenabletocomeevenif_____aboutit.A.IknewB.IhadknownC.IwouldknowD.Ihavebeenknowing选B,evenif也与asif不一样.evenif表示"即使我知道",其实不知道,时态的呼应与if句型相同.九,用情态动词组合表示虚拟语气.(一)can/could+have+Ved1.TheEnglishofthiscompositionistoogood;she__itherself.A.can'thavewrittenB.shouldn'thavewrittenC.nightnothavewrittenD.mustn'thavebeenwritten选A,表示"不可能她自己写的"2.Joseph__itupstairsthismorningforhewenttoItalyyesterday.A.won'thavetakenB.can'thavetakenC.maynothavetakenD.didn'ttake选B,表示约瑟夫不可能今早拿上楼梯.3.We__whattheneighborssaidbecauseofthenoisefromthesea.A.mightnothaveheardB.maynothaveheardC.mustn'thaveheardD.couldn'thaveheard选D,表示"不可能听到邻居的说话声"could的可能性比can小.4.Judgingfromwhatyousaid,he__thisworkstillbetter.A.couldhavedoneB.mighthavedoneC.musthavedoneD.mayhavedone选A.表示"照你的话来说,他本来可以干得更出色.5.NearlyhalfamillionofthedeathinEuropebetween1980and1984__avoided.A.shouldhavebeenB.couldhavebeenC.oughttohavebeenD.mighthavebeen选B,表示"本可以避免",另外,要注意主,被动态.(二)may/might+have+Ved1.Hepromisedtocomeatfiveo'clock,butitisalreadyhalfpastfive.He__thetrain.A.musthavemissedB.mighthavemissedC.mayhavemissedD.shouldhavemissed选C,may+have+Ved表示现在推测过去的事,是一种主观臆断,推测"或许他没有赶上火车.2."WhateverhashappenedtoBrown?""Idon'tknow.He_____lost."A.canhaveB.mighthaveC.mayhaveD.musthave选C,因为这是说话人对事情的主观臆断,表示"他或许迷路了"3.She______illquitesuddenlyotherwiseshewouldcomeanyway.A.musthavebeenB.couldhavebeenC.shouldhavebeenD.mighthavebeen选D,might+has+Ved时,隐隐约约有一种条件句的含义,表示"她或许突然生病了.否则,她一定会来的.相当于"如果她不生病,她一定会来.4.I__cometoawrongconclusionthusmakinghersoangry.A.couldhaveB.shouldhaveC.mighthaveD.musthave选C,再比较一下:"如果我不出错,她不会生气的,"是否等同于"我或许犯了错,才使她生气."5.Nobodyaskedyoutooverworklikethat.You__it.A.needn'tdoB.oughtnottodoC.mightnothavedoneD.mustnothavedone选C.might+have+ved还可表示"本可以";本可以";should+have+Ved表示"本应该"以及表示"本可能"(三)should/oughtto+have+Ved.1toldhimhowtogettherebutperhapsI_____himamap.A.shouldhavegivenB.musthavegivenC.mighthavegivenD.couldhavegiven选A,表示"我本应该给他一张图"2.Withallhisworkonhand.he_____tothedancepartylastnight.A.mustn'thavegoneB.shouldn'thavegoneC.couldn'thavegoneD.mightnothavegone选B,用否定式表示"她本不该"3.I'msorryIcouldn'tgetintouchwithhimbeforeheleft.I______himearlier.A,mighthavephonedB.couldhavephonedC.oughttohavephonedD.musthavephoned选C,should+have+Ved相同,表示"早应该,本应该,本当,语气比should要强,试比较:用oughtto译成"我早就应该打电话给他"而用should则译成"我本该早点打电话给他.4.You__takenawayhisdictionarywithoutgettinghispermission.A.maynothaveB.oughtnottohaveC.neednothaveD.can'thave选B.其否定式是oughtnotto5.Thepatientisbeyondremedy.He__tothehospitalearlier.A.shouldhavesentB.musthavebeensentC.oughttohavebeensentD.couldhavebeensent选C.此句表示"早该把他送往医院.A是主动语态显然是错的.(四)must/needn't+have+Ved1.Mywalletisnowheretobefound.I__whenIwasonthebus.A.mighthavedroppeditB.musthavedroppeditC.shouldhavedroppeditD.couldhavedroppedit选B,表示肯定.全句译成:"我的皮夹子不见了,准是掉在车上了.2.John__thismorning,sincehedidn'tanswerthephone.A.mighthavegeneoutB.shouldhavegeneoutC.musthavegoneoutD.couldhavegoneout选C.表示"肯定外出了.3.You__theclasstotellmethat;youcouldhavecomeuptomeafterwards.A.needn'thaveinterruptedB.couldn'thaveinterruptedC.mustn'thaveinterruptedD.mightnothaveinterrupted选A.need的不定式是needn't4.__meupsoearly,Mom.Idon'thavetogotoworktoday.A.YoumightnothavewokenB.Youneedn'thavewokenC.YoumustnothavewokenD.Youwouldn'thavewoken选B,表示"你其实不必那么早就来叫醒我.十其他形式的虚拟语气1.IfonlyI__tenyearsyounger.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe选B,Ifonly表示"要是....该多好啊!"可以引导与现在,过去和将来事实相反的虚拟语气.全句译成:"要是我现在年轻10岁该多好啊.2.IfonlyPeter_____thepolice,everythingwouldhavebeenallright.A.won'ttellB.hadnottoldC.didn'ttellD.wouldnothavetold选B,表示与过去事实相反3.Shewasthankfulthathe'dhadherbabytakenintothehospital;otherwise,shethought,thebaby___A.haddiedB.wouldhavediedC.mighthavediedD.hasdied选C,表示与过去事实相反.4.Whentheenemyshotathim,hedidn'traisehishead,otherwisehe_____A.waskilledB.hadbeenkilledC.wouldhavebeenkilledD.oughttohavebeenkilled选C.上一句表示"或许会死";而本句则表示"会被杀死."5.I'dratheryou_____anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.didn'tdoB.hadn'tdoneC.won'tdoD.do选A.6.Itistimethenationsoftheworld_____ahalltothemanufactureofnuclearweapons.A.wouldcallB.callC.calledD.willcall选C,该句型也要求从句通常用过去式,表示"该是世界各国停止生产核武器的时候了.7.Icouldgomyselfbut1wouldratheryou______A.goB.hadgoneC.wouldgoD.went选D,该句型也要求从句通常用过去式.如果sooner后跟动词.则用原形.表示"我倒愿意你去"8.MayIbegyou_______anydecisioninthismatteruntilIseeyouagain?A.won'tmakeB:didn'tmakeC.notmakeD.hadn'tmad选C,省略了should.表示"请求你不要做出决定.9.Howstrangeitisthatyou_______anythingaboutit!A.didn'thear'B.hadn'theardC.wouldn'thaveheardD.shouldn'thaveheard选D,表示"你竟然对此事一无所知,实在太奇怪了."第二部分综合练习一虚拟语气的综合选择练习1.Itwasdecidedthatthematter__referredtoaspecialcommittee.A.wasB.isC.beD.hadbeen2.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI__thebookfromwhichitwasmade.A.reedB.hadreadC.wouldreedD.haveread3.It'shightimesomebody_______histongue.A.holdsB.holdC.heldD.couldhold4.Thetrafficwasveryheavy,otherwise,I__here50minutes,sooner.A.musthavebeenB.mayhavebeenC.shouldhavebeenD.wouldhavebeen5.I'msorryAnndidn'twanttogotothepicnic.__willingtogo,wewouldhavepaidallherexpenses.A.issheB.WouldshebeC.WeresheD.Hadshebeen6.ButforyourcomingI____lonely.A.couldhavebeenB.mighthavebeenC.oughttohavebeenD.musthavebeen7.WithouttheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChinawe__hopelessandhelpless.A.wereB.hadbeenC.wouldbeD.are8.Yousoundasthoughyou_____mymeaning.A.werecatchingB.caughtC.hadcaughtD.willcatchKey:1.C2.B3.C4.D5.D6.A7.C8.C二虚拟语气的综合填充1.Itisdesirablethatthetestoftheoreticalphysics_______beforeyouselectthecourseofappliedphysics.(conduct)2.Ienjoythemovieverymuch.IwishI__thebookfromwhichitwasmade.(read)3.Heremployerdemandedthatshe____toworkasquicklyaspossible.(come)4.Thepaper,which______onmydeskby12o'clock,hasnotbeenhandedinyet.(be)5.Hedidn'tturnupatyesterday'sparty;otherwiseI__him.(see)6.It'shightimeourartistsandwriters______moreworksreflectingthepresentreform.(create)7.Isuggestthatyou______anyhastydecisioninthismatter,foritwilldonogoodtoyou.(make)8.Irememberthewholethingasvividlyasifit__today.(be)9.Butforthesolarenergy,nothing__.(live)10.Priortoourconference,theexecutivedirectorhadrequestedthateveryone____wellprepared.(be)Key:1.(should)beconducted2.hadread3.(should)come4.shouldhavebeen5.wouldhaveseen6.created7.(should)notmake8.were9.couldlive10.(should)be三虚拟语气的翻译练习1.如果没有他的及时帮助,weshouldhavealreadyfailed.2.Marysuggested我们去工业展览会alltogethertomorrowmorning.3.Yourremarkswereconsideredratheroffensive.Youreally不应该那样与他说话.4.It'sdemandedthattheapplicationforms;在最后限期前交上来.5."Whatareyougoingtodoaftergraduation?""Ihaven'tthoughtaboutit.But该做出决定了"6.Wereitnotfortelevision,我们就看不到thingshappeninginotherplacesatthemoment.7.要是我吃了些aspirins的话,Ishouldbeabletogetridofthisawfulheadache.8.Hefelt仿佛不需要moretimetoprepareforhistest.9.如果没有她的忠告,wewouldhavepassedupthechance.10.要是我看过这些词汇就好了atthebackofthetextbookbeforeItooktheEnglishtest.11.I'drather你与她说话不会粗鲁.12.要不是医生采取了紧急 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 ,thechildcouldhavedied.key:1.Haditnotbeenforhishelpontime2.we(should)gototheindustrialexhibition3.shouldn'thavespokentohimlikethat4.(should)behandedinbeforethedeadline5.itistimeIdecideDsomething6.wecouldn'tsee7.IfonlyIhadsome8.asifheneededno9.Haditnotbeenforheradvice10.IfonlyIhadeyedvocabularyIcouldhavepassedtheexam.11.youdidn'tspeakrudelytoher12.Hadthedoctornottakenurgemeasures=Ifthedoctorhadn’ttakenurgemeasures