视角研究生英语读说写2六单元课后练习答案

ExercisesReadingComprehensionStructureoftheTextUnit6:ExercisesVocabularyClozeTranslationUnit6:Readingcomprehension1.Attheverybeginningofthearticle,theauthorpointsout:“ambitionisaqualitythatishardtopraiseandeasytodeplore”.Whydoeshesayso?Andhowisthisrelatedtothefactthatpresentlymanypeoplearedoubtfulaboutambition?Whatbeliefdothesepeopleholdaboutambition?Becauseambitionis“anunrelentingoppressor,whichrobsusoftimeandpeaceofmind”,meaningthatambitioncanmercilesslycausepeoplemuchdistressandsuffering,drivingthemtoworkovertimewithlittletimeleftforleisureandrelaxationandfillingtheirmindswithdissatisfaction,worryandanxiety.Thisisespeciallytrueineconomicallyboomingperiodssuchasthepresentwhentherearemoreopportunitiesalluringpeople.Asaresult,presentlymanypeoplearedoubtfulaboutambition,believingthatambitionhasbecometoohardtocontrolandisforcingustomaketoogreateffortsandholdtoostrongdesireswhichwillfinallydestroyourselves.ReferenceEx.I,pp.114~115Unit6:Readingcomprehension2.Inparagraphs2and3,theauthorcitessomeexamplestoshowthatambitionisnotmerelythepursuitofwealth,actuallypeoplefromeverywalkoflifehavetheirownambitiontoachieve.Whatdifferentambitionsdodifferentpeoplehave?Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthemismostcommonlysharedbypeople?Andwhatroledoesmoneyplayinitsfulfillment?Unit6:ReadingcomprehensionTheauthorcitesfourexamples:1)AlGore’sambitionistobeelectedAmericanpresident;2)America’scomputermoguls’ambitionistocontrolthenation’scyberagenda;3)Americanfootballplayers’ambitionistoscoreatouchdown;4)Mostpeople’sambitionistosearchforstatussymbolsthatseparatethemfromthecrowd.Thelastoneismostcommonlysharedbypeople.Moneyisnottheonlywaybutsurelythemostcommonwaytorealizethisambition,asitcaneasilychangeintosomeothersymbolofidentityandstatus,suchasabiggerhouse,amoreexoticvacation,aniftierbike,afastercomputer.ReferenceUnit6:Readingcomprehension3.Inparagraph3,theauthorsays“One-upmanshipisanationalmania.”Doyouknowthemeaningoftheword“one-upmanship”?Andcanyoufindsomeotherexpressionsinthearticlewhichhavesimilarmeaning?What’stherelationshipbetweenone-upmanshipandalltheabove-mentionedexamplesofambition?Intheauthor’smind,ambitionisnotonly“aquestforriches”,thenwhatisit?Theword“one-upmanship”meansgaininganadvantageandafeelingofsuperiorityoverotherpeople.Expressionssuchas“outdo”,“excel”havesimilarmeaning.Thedesireforone-upmanshipcansummarizealltheabove-mentionedexamplesofambition.Intheauthor’smind,ambitionisaquestforone-upmanship—tobebetterormoresuccessfulthanotherpeople.ReferenceUnit6:Readingcomprehension4.Inthesentence“One-upmanshipisanationalmania.”,theword“mania”isalsoadeliberatechoiceonthepartoftheauthor.Whatimagedoesitevokeinyourmind?Theword“mania”originallyreferstoamentalillnessinwhichsomebodyhasanobsessionaboutsomethingthatmakesthemextremelyanxious,violentorconfused（躁狂症）.Hereitmeansanextremelystrongdesireorenthusiasmforsomethingsharedbyalotofpeopleatthesametime.Itevokesapictureofalotofpeoplebehavinginananxious,violentandconfusedwayinordertosurpasseachother.ReferenceUnit6:Readingcomprehension5.Inparagraph4,theauthorsays“thecontestseemsfutile.”Whatdoes“thecontest”referto?Whyisit“futile”?Toprovethispoint,theauthordescribesaparadoxicalphenomenonintoday’ssociety,thatis,althoughpeople’sincomeisrising,theystillhavetoworkhardonlytobeabletomakeendsmeet.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthecauseofthisphenomenon?Unit6:Readingcomprehension“Thecontest”referstotheconsumptioncompetition—thecompetitionforone-upmanshipinthesearchforstatussymbolsthatseparateonefromthecrowd.Itis“futile”becausethereisnochanceofwinningitsincematerialpursuitisendless.Thecauseofthisparadoxicalphenomenonisthat“they’rerunninginthepackwitheveryoneelse”,thatis,peoplearenotsimplystrugglingtoownmorematerialwealth,instead,theyarestrugglingtosurpassothers—toownmorematerialwealthandthusachievehighersocialstatusthanothers.Theynotonlyhavetopossesswidelyownedconsumerproductsinordernottobeconsideredacrankorapauper,butalsohavetobuyexpensiveproductsbeyondtheirfinancialcapacitysothattheycanbemoresuccessfulthanotherpeoplewithwhomtheycomparethemselves.Astherearealwaysmorefashionableandmoreexpensiveluxuriescomingout,theirmaterialdesiresseeminfinite.Consequently,theirrisingincomesoftencannotsatisfytheirrisingwants.ReferenceUnit6:Readingcomprehension6.Inparagraph6,theauthorliststhreenegativeimpactsofplayingthefutilecontestofcompetitiveconsumptiononpeople.Whatarethey?Whatstatisticsandexamplesdoestheauthorquotetoillustratethesepoints?The3negativeimpactsare:1)Frustrationispreordained,whichisprovedbytheresultofaNewsweekPollthat,despitetheboomingeconomy,adultsfounditmoredifficulttolivethekindoflifetheywant.2)Thestresscanleadtotragedy,whichisillustratedbyMarkBarton,adaytraderwhomurdered12peopleandthencommittedsuicidewhenhewasdisillusionedbystockloss.3)Peopleroutinelytrytobeatthesystemthroughget-rich-quickschemes,whichisindicatedbythepopularityoflegalizedgambling.ReferenceUnit6:Readingcomprehension7.Becauseofthosenegativeeffectsofambitiononpeople,ambitionhasgottenmanyenemies.Oneopinionagainstambitiontellspeopleto“subdueambition”and“Searchfordeepermeaninginfamily,friendsandfaith”,because“Moneycannotbuyhappiness.”Butdoesthesurveyresultcitedinparagraph7supportthisidea?No.The1998surveyshowsastrongerrelationbetweenincomeandhappinessthanearlierpolls,thoughmarriagehasabiggerimpactthanincome.ReferenceUnit6:Readingcomprehension8.Inparagraph8,itissaidthatCornellUniversityeconomistRobertFrankproposesaprogressiveconsumptiontax.Whatisthepurposeofthisproposal?Thepurposeofthisproposalistopunishthoseextremelyambitiouspeopleandprotectpeopleagainstexcessivespendingonluxuriesinpursuitofafeelingofsuperiorityoverothers.ReferenceUnit6:Readingcomprehension9.DoestheauthoragreewithRobertFrank’sidea?Whatargumentsandexamplesdoesheuseinparagraphs9and10tosupporthisownpointofview?No.InParagraph9,hearguesthat“Ambitionissociallyuseful.Itsustainseconomicvitality.Itprodspeopletotakerisksandexertthemselves.”Asanexampleinpoint,hecitestheinventionoftheInternetbyambition-drivenhardworkingpeople,whichhasnotonlybroughttremendouseconomicbenefitsbutalsoimprovedthegeneralsocialattitude.InParagraph10,hearguesthatpeople“alsovenerate[ambition]asopportunity.”Forinstance,inAmericaeveryonehastheopportunitytoberich,famousorpowerfuliftheytryhard,soineverywalkoflifepeopleareambitiousandcompeteruthlesslytobeoutstanding.ReferenceUnit6:Readingcomprehension10.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorcomestotheconclusion:“Ambitionisbitterasoftenassweet;butwithoutit,we’dbesunk.”Explainthissentence.Accordingtothisparagraph,whyisambitionoftenbitter?Thissentencemeans:ambitionbringspeoplenotonlythejoyofsuccessbutalsothepainoffailure;butwithoutambition,wewouldbecertaintofail.Ambitionisbitterwhenpeoplefailtofulfillit.Thishappensoftenbecausepeoplehavetobalanceconflictingdemandsfromtheirownfeelingsontheonehandandfromtheactuallifeontheother.PeopleareespeciallylikelytobedisappointedwhentheAmericansocietymakesalluringbutunrealisticpromisestooffereveryonesuccess,wealth,fameorpoweriftheyworkhard,becauseitsimplyisnotpossibleforeveryonetobecomesuccessfulthroughdeterminationandhardworkalone.ReferenceEx.II,p.1151.Introduction(Para.1)2.Body(Paras.2–10)3.Conclusion(Para.11)TextOutlineUnit6:Structureofthetext1.Introduction(Para.1)Thedualnatureofambition:Ontheonehand,___________________________________;ontheotherhand,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________Doubtexpressedbymanypeopleaboutambition:________________________________________________________________________________________________________TextOutlineUnit6:StructureofthetextitisagreatengineofAmericancreativityitisalsoanunrelentingoppressor,whichrobsusoftimeandpeaceofmindAmbitionhasgottenoutofhandandisdrivingustoexcessesofstrivingandcravingthatareself-destructive.2.Body(Paras.2–10)1)Definitionofambition(Paras.2–3)TextOutlineUnit6:Structureofthetext2)Negativeeffectsofthemostcommonambition(Paras.4–6)3)Ambition’senemiesandtheauthor’srefutationofthem(Paras.7–10)2.Body(Paras.3–15)TextOutlineUnit6:StructureofthetextDefinitionofambition(Paras.2–3)Ambitionisnotonly_______________.Peoplefromeverywalkoflifehavetheirownambitiontofulfill,whichcanbesummedupasthedesirefor___________________.one-upmanshipaquestforriches2.Body(Paras.3–15)TextOutlineUnit6:StructureofthetextDefinitionofambition(Paras.2–3)Ambitionisnotonly_______________.Peoplefromeverywalkoflifehavetheirownambitiontofulfill,whichcanbesummedupasthedesirefor___________________.one-upmanshipaquestforrichesExamples:A.________________________________________________.B.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________.AlGorestrainstobepresident.America’scomputermogulsrivaltocontrolthenation’scyberagenda2.Body(Paras.3–15)TextOutlineUnit6:StructureofthetextDefinitionofambition(Paras.2–3)Ambitionisnotonly_______________.Peoplefromeverywalkoflifehavetheirownambitiontofulfill,whichcanbesummedupasthedesirefor___________________.one-upmanshipaquestforrichesExamples:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________.D.Amorecommonambitionis____________________________.Andmoneyis________________________________________.Awidereceiverprancesintotheendzoneandraiseshisindexfingerthesearchforstatussymbolsthemostcommonwaytosatisfythisurge2.Body(Paras.2–10)Negativeeffectsofthemostcommonambition.(Paras.4–6)TextOutlineUnit6:Structureofthetext_____________________________________________.__________________________________________.C.__________________________________________.D._______________________________________________________________________________________________________ThecontestseemsfutileFrustrationispreordainedThestresscanleadtotragedyPeopleroutinelytrytobeatthesystemthroughget-rich-quickschemes2.Body(Paras.2–10)3)Ambition’senemiesandtheauthor’srefutationofthem(Paras.7–10))TextOutlineUnit6:StructureofthetextPeopleshould______________________________________________________________Because____________________________________.2)CornellUniversityeconomistRobertFrankurges________________________________________________________________.subdueambition,searchfordeepermeaningmoneycannotbuyhappinesswepenalizeinfamily,friendsandfaithoverambitiontoshieldpeoplefromcompetitiveconsumptionTextOutlineUnit6:Structureofthetext3.Conclusion(Para.11)________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Ambitionisbitterasoftenassweet;butwithoutit,we’dbesunkPartA,Ex.V,p.117Completethefollowingsentenceswithwordsgivenbelow,makingsurethateachwordisusedintherightform.1.TheUnitedNationsfirmly__________theviolentbombattacklaunchedbyterroristswhichkilled23civilians.Unit6:Vocabularyaristocracyone-upmanshipsubdueextravagantrequisitehereditaryoverwhelmpervadeworkaholiccravedeploremaniadeplored2.Asmoreandmorepeoplepreferenvironmentallyfriendlycars,houses,food,householdappliancesandtourism,theuseof“green”products__________inChinalikea“greenwave.”Unit6:Vocabularyaristocracyone-upmanshipsubdueextravagantrequisitehereditaryoverwhelmpervadeworkaholiccravedeploremaniapervades3.Tospuremployeeproductivityandimproveefficiencyisnotanoptionbuta__________forcompaniescommittedtogrowthinthefast-changingneweconomy.Unit6:Vocabularyaristocracyone-upmanshipsubdueextravagantrequisitehereditaryoverwhelmpervadeworkaholiccravedeploremaniarequisite4.Many__________worklonghourswithlittlerest,butresearchershavefoundashortafternoonnapatworkcansignificantlyimproveworkers’alertnessandproductivity.Unit6:Vocabularyaristocracyone-upmanshipsubdueextravagantrequisitehereditaryoverwhelmpervadeworkaholiccravedeploremaniaworkaholics5.Duetothefallingpercentageofcouplesgettingpremaritalmedicalcheck-ups,thenumberof__________andinfectiousdiseasesamonginfantsisrising.Unit6:Vocabularyaristocracyone-upmanshipsubdueextravagantrequisitehereditaryoverwhelmpervadeworkaholiccravedeploremaniahereditary6.Economizingonwateruseisthebestwaytoprotectwaterresources,but__________useofwateriscommonalongtheYangtzeasmanypeopleholdthattheriverwaterissoabundantthattheydonotneedtosavewateratall.Unit6:Vocabularyaristocracyone-upmanshipsubdueextravagantrequisitehereditaryoverwhelmpervadeworkaholiccravedeploremaniaextravagant7.Inthetimesofgreatchangesintheglobalsituation,whatpeople__________forispeaceandeconomicprosperity.Unit6:Vocabularyaristocracyone-upmanshipsubdueextravagantrequisitehereditaryoverwhelmpervadeworkaholiccravedeploremaniacrave8.Cartoon__________issweepingthecountryasbookstoresarepackedwithJapanesandKoreancomicbooks.Unit6:Vocabularyaristocracyone-upmanshipsubdueextravagantrequisitehereditaryoverwhelmpervadeworkaholiccravedeploremaniamania9.Thesystematicandconsciouspracticeofmakingone’sfriendsorcompetitorsfeelinferiorandtherebygainingthestatusofbeing“onejumpahead”ofthemiscalled______________.Unit6:Vocabularyaristocracyone-upmanshipsubdueextravagantrequisitehereditaryoverwhelmpervadeworkaholiccravedeploremaniaone-upmanship10.ChinaandtheUnitedStatescooperateinsafeguardingworldpeaceandstability,promotingglobaleconomicgrowth,anddealingwithterrorism,transnationalcrimesanddiseases.Theircommoninterests__________theirdifferences.Unit6:VocabularyPartBaristocracyone-upmanshipsubdueextravagantrequisitehereditaryoverwhelmpervadeworkaholiccravedeploremaniaoverwhelm1.Inresponsetothe__________threatofattack,thecountrywascompelledtoinstitutenewsecuritymeasuresforairportsandairtravel.A.earnestB.elaborateC.unrelentingD.risky1.Inresponsetothe__________threatofattack,thecountrywascompelledtoinstitutenewsecuritymeasuresforairportsandairtravel.A.earnestB.elaborateC.unrelentingPartB,Ex.V,p118Choosethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences.Unit6:Vocabulary2.Threemedicalorganizationsconcludedthatdoctorsshouldnotberequiredtoperformlife-savingprocedureswhenlifesupportis__________forpatientswhoareirreversiblyunconscious.A.niftyB.futileC.costlyD.essentialUnit6:Vocabulary2.Threemedicalorganizationsconcludedthatdoctorsshouldnotberequiredtoperformlife-savingprocedureswhenlifesupportis__________forpatientswhoareirreversiblyunconscious.A.niftyB.futileC.costlyD.essential3.Accordingtothelatestfigures,thehousingmarketwillcontinueto__________butwon'tcollapseamidthegloomyeconomy.A.flourishB.expandC.crumbleD.stagnate3.Accordingtothelatestfigures,thehousingmarketwillcontinueto__________butwon'tcollapseamidthegloomyeconomy.A.flourishB.expandC.crumbleD.stagnateUnit6:Vocabulary4.Widespreadpollutionoftheenvironmentbycompaniesmaycometoanendasabillhasbeendraftedwhichproposesto__________anyoffendingfirms.A.subsidizeB.penalizeC.outdoD.oppressUnit6:Vocabulary4.Widespreadpollutionoftheenvironmentbycompaniesmaycometoanendasabillhasbeendraftedwhichproposesto__________anyoffendingfirms.A.subsidizeB.penalizeC.outdo5.Despitemanycurrentthreatstopeaceandorder,theIndonesiangovernmentisstrivingto__________nationalunityandprotectitsterritorialintegrity.A.sustainB.remainC.endureD.adjustUnit6:Vocabulary5.Despitemanycurrentthreatstopeaceandorder,theIndonesiangovernmentisstrivingto__________nationalunityandprotectitsterritorialintegrity.A.sustainB.remainC.endureD.adjust6.InancientChina,influentialmilitaryandreligiousindividualswere__________asancestorsandcontinuouslyreceivedritualofferingsformanyyears.A.distainedB.abandonedC.estimatedD.veneratedUnit6:Vocabulary6.InancientChina,influentialmilitaryandreligiousindividualswere__________asancestorsandcontinuouslyreceivedritualofferingsformanyyears.A.distainedB.abandonedC.estimatedD.venerated7.Witheffortsmadeonbothsides,thefriendlycooperativerelationsbetweenthetwocountriesarefullofvigorand__________andwillbeadvancingcontinuously.A.pressureB.triumphC.vitalityD.rivalryUnit6:Vocabulary7.Witheffortsmadeonbothsides,thefriendlycooperativerelationsbetweenthetwocountriesarefullofvigorand__________andwillbeadvancingcontinuously.A.pressureB.triumphC.vitalityD.rivalry8.ThePrimeMinisterpromisedthatthegovernmentwouldcontinueits__________fightagainstterrorismandhewouldnotnegotiateunderanycondition.A.faithfulB.ruthlessC.legalizedD.progressiveUnit6:Vocabulary8.ThePrimeMinisterpromisedthatthegovernmentwouldcontinueits__________fightagainstterrorismandhewouldnotnegotiateunderanycondition.A.faithfulB.ruthlessC.legalized9.Strictercontrolisneededoverimportsof__________speciesofplantsandanimals,sincemanyofthemhavealreadydamagedthenativeenvironment.A.exoticB.scarceC.endangeredD.enormousUnit6:Vocabulary9.Strictercontrolisneededoverimportsof__________speciesofplantsandanimals,sincemanyofthemhavealreadydamagedthenativeenvironment.A.exoticB.scarceC.endangeredD.enormousUnit6:Vocabulary10.OnetrulyuniquethingthatmakesHawaiisuchaspecialvacationdestinationistheislands’richculture,whichstill__________themodernHawaiioftoday.A.perceivesB.promotesC.permeatesD.perplexes10.OnetrulyuniquethingthatmakesHawaiisuchaspecialvacationdestinationistheislands’richculture,whichstill__________themodernHawaiioftoday.A.perceivesB.promotesC.permeatesD.perplexesEx.VI,p119Chooseanappropriatewordfromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachwordcanbeusedonlyONCE.Changethewordformwherenecessary.Overthelast70yearsorso,researchershavebeen1____________happyandunhappypeople,andthey’refinallyfocusingonthe2____________thatmakeadifference.1)WealthMoneycanbuya3____________ofhappiness,Butonceyoucan4____________tofeed,clotheandhouseyourself,extraseekacceptaffordfactorratefailsatisfysizecloseboostdegreebeyondprobestaticaspirationcolleaguecomplicatedaverageskyrocketUnit6:ClozeprobingTobecontinued...factorsdegreeaffordeach5____________dollarmakeslessandlessdifference.Scientistsfindthat,on6____________,wealthierpeoplearehappier.Butthelinkbetweenmoneyandhappinessis7____________.Inthepasthalf-century,averageincomehas8____________inindustrializedcounties,yethappinesslevelshaveremained9____________.extraUnit6:ClozeaveragecomplicatedskyrocketstaticTobecontinued...extraseekacceptaffordfactorratefailsatisfysizecloseboostdegreebeyondprobestaticaspirationcolleaguecomplicatedaverageskyrocketOnceyourbasicneedsaremet,moneyonlyseemsto10____________happinessifyouhavemorethanyourfriends,neighborsand11____________.Dollarsbuystatus,andstatusmakespeoplefeelbetter.Thishelpsexplainwhypeoplewhocan12____________statusinotherways—scientistsoractors,boostUnit6:ClozecolleagueseekTobecontinued...extraseekacceptaffordfactorratefailsatisfysizecloseboostdegreebeyondprobestaticaspirationcolleaguecomplicatedaverageskyrocketforexample—mayhappily13____________relativelypoorlypaidjobs.2)DesireHowmuchstuffdoyouneedtofeelgood?Inthe1980s,politicalscientistAlexMichalosattheUniversityofNorthernBritishasked18,000collegestudentsin39countriesto14____________theirhappinessonanumericscale.Thenheaskedthemhow15____________theyweretohavingalltheywanted.Hefoundthatthepeoplewhose16____________—notjustformoney,butforfriends,family,job,health,theworks—acceptUnit6:ClozeratecloseaspirationTobecontinued...extraseekacceptaffordfactorratefailsatisfysizecloseboostdegreebeyondprobestaticaspirationcolleaguecomplicatedaverageskyrocketfurthest17____________whattheyalreadyhad,tendedtobelesshappythanthosewhoperceivedasmallergap.Indeed,the18____________ofthegappredictedhappinessaboutfivetimesbetterthanincomealone.Thisgapmeasuresmightexplainwhymostpeople19____________togetmuchhappierastheirsalariesrise.Insteadof20____________ourdesires,mostofusmerelywantmore.beyondUnit6:Clozesizefailsatisfyingextraseekacceptaffordfactorratefailsatisfysizecloseboostdegreebeyondprobestaticaspirationcolleaguecomplicatedaverageskyrocket1.在追求幸福的过程中，人们注定要遭受许多挫折。questforPeoplearepreordainedtosuffermanyfrustrationsintheirquestforhappiness.preordainedUnit6:TranslationPartA,Ex.VIII,p.121TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.2.美国是一个雄心勃勃的民族。各行各界的人们都面临着力求出类拔萃的激烈竞争压力。excelAmericanisanambitiousnation.Peoplefromeverywalkoflifefacethepressureoffiercecompetitiontoexcel.everywalkoflifeUnit6:Translation3.当天买卖股票投机是一种危险的谋财之道。daytradingDaytradingisadangerouswayoftryingtomakeafortune.makeafortuneUnit6:Translation4.数百万人怀着暴发致富的幻想花钱买彩票。getrichquickMillionsofpeoplehaveafantasyaboutgettingrichquickandspendmoneyonlotteries.Unit6:Translation5.人们担心如果军备