BHN硬度简介

BHN硬度简介TheBrinellhardnesstestiscommonlyusedtodeterminethehardnessofmaterialslikemetalsandalloys.Thetestisachievedbyapplyingaknownloadtothesurfaceofthetestedmaterialthroughahardenedsteelballofknowndiameter.ThediameteroftheresultingpermanentimpressioninthetestedmetalismeasuredandtheBrinellHardnessNumberiscalculatedasBHN=2P/(πD(D-(D2-d2)1/2))(1)whereBHN=BrinellHardnessNumberP=loadontheindentingtool(kg)D=diameterofsteelball(mm)d=measurediameterattherimoftheimpression(mm)Itisdesirablethatthetestloadarelimitedtoaimpressiondiameterintherangeof2.5to4.75mm.ApproximateloadsandBrinellHardnessNumbers:BrinellHardnessNumberLoad(kg)160-600300080-300150026-100500TypicalBrinellHardnessNumbersforMetalsMaterialBrinellHardnessNumberSoftbrass60Mildsteel130Annealedchisselsteel235Whitecastiron415Nitridedsurface750SteelHardnessversusStrengthBrinellVickersRockwellEquivalentRmImpressionDiameter(mm)HardnessHBHardnessHVHardnessBHardnessC(tonf/in2)(kgf/mm2)(N/mm2)2.50601640-57.0---2.55578615-56.0---2.6055559112054.5---2.6553456911953.5---2.7051454711952.0---2.7549552811751.0---2.8047750811749.5---2.8546149111648.510116015692.9044447411547.09815515202.9542945511545.59515014713.0041544011444.59214514223.0540142511343.08813913633.1038841011242.08513413143.1537539611240.58212912653.2036338311039.08012612363.2535237211038.07712111873.3034136010936.57511811573.3533135010935.57311411183.4032133910834.57111110893.4531132810833.06810710493.5030231910732.06610410203.5529330910631.0641019903.6028530110530.063999713.6527729210429.061969413.7026928410427.559939123.7526227610326.558918923.8025526910225.556898733.8524826110224.055878533.9024125310023.053848243.952352479922.051817944.002292419820.550797754.0522323597-49777554.1021722896-48767454.1521222396-46737164.2020721895-45716964.3019720893-43686674.4018719791-41656374.5017918989-39626084.6017017987-36575594.7016317285-35555394.8015616583-34545304.9014915781-32515005.0014315079-31494815.1013714477-31494815.2013113874-30474615.3012613372-29464515.4012112770-28444315.5011612268-27434225.6011111766-26414025.7010711364-25393825.8010310861-2438373ForcediagramTheBrinellscalecharacterizestheindentationHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardness"hardnessofmaterialsthroughthescaleofpenetrationofanindenter,loadedonamaterialtest-piece.ItisoneofseveraldefinitionsofhardnessinHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science"materialsscience.ProposedbyHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden"SwedishHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineer"engineerHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_August_Brinell"JohanAugustBrinellin1900,itwasthefirstwidelyusedandstandardisedhardnesstestinHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering"engineeringandHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy"metallurgy.Thelargesizeofindentationandpossibledamagetotest-piecelimitsitsusefulness.Thetypicaltestusesa10millimetres(0.39in)HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter"diameterHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel"steelballasanindenterwitha3,000HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram-force"kgf(29HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_(unit)"kN;6,600HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound-force"lbf)force.Forsoftermaterials,asmallerforceisused;forhardermaterials,aHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten_carbide"tungstencarbideballissubstitutedforthesteelball.Theindentationismeasuredandhardnesscalculatedas:where:P=appliedforce(HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kgf"kgf)D=diameterofindenter(mm)d=diameterofindentation(mm)TheBHNcanbeconvertedintotheHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength"ultimatetensilestrength(UTS),althoughtherelationshipisdependentonthematerial,andthereforedeterminedempirically.TherelationshipisbasedonMeyer'sindex(n)fromHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyer's_law"Meyer'slaw.IfMeyer'sindexislessthan2.2thentheratioofUTStoBHNis0.36.IfMeyer'sindexisgreaterthan2.2,thentheratioincreases.HYPERLINK\l"cite_note-1"[1]BHNisdesignatedbythemostcommonlyusedteststandards(ASTME10-12HYPERLINK\l"cite_note-E10-2"[2]andISO6506–1:2005HYPERLINK\l"cite_note-iso65061-3"[3])asHBW(Hfromhardness,BfrombrinellandWfromthematerialoftheindenter,tungsten(wolfram)carbide).InformerstandardsHBorHBSwereusedtorefertomeasurementsmadewithsteelindenters.HBWiscalculatedinbothstandardsusingtheSIunitsaswhere:F=appliedforce(N)D=diameterofindenter(mm)d=diameterofindentation(mm)Commonvalues[HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brinell_scale&action=edit§ion=1"edit]WhenquotingaBrinellhardnessnumber(BHNormorecommonlyHB),theconditionsofthetestusedtoobtainthenumbermustbespecified.Thestandardformatforspecifyingtestscanbeseenintheexample"HBW10/3000"."HBW"meansthatatungstencarbide(fromthechemicalsymbolfortungsten)ballindenterwasused,asopposedto"HBS",whichmeansahardenedsteelball.The"10"istheballdiameterinmillimeters.The"3000"istheforceinkilogramsforce.ThehardnessmayalsobeshownasXXXHBYYD2.TheXXXistheforcetoapply(inkgf)onamaterialoftypeYY(5foraluminumalloys,10forcopperalloys,30forsteels).Thusatypicalsteelhardnesscouldbewritten:250HB30D2.Itcouldbeamaximumoraminimum.BrinellhardnessnumbersMaterialHardnessHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwood"Softwood(e.g.,HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine"pine)1.6HBS10/100HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwood"Hardwood2.6–7.0HBS1.610/100HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead"Lead5.0HB(purelead;alloyedleadtypicallycanrangefrom5.0HBtovaluesinexcessof22.0HB)PureHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium"Aluminium15HBHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper"Copper35HBHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_steel"Mildsteel120HB18–8(304)HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel"stainlesssteelannealed200HBHYPERLINK\l"cite_note-4"[4]HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass"Glass1550HBHardenedHYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_steel"toolsteel600–900HB(HBW10/3000)HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhenium_diboride"Rheniumdiboride4600HBNote:StandardtestconditionsunlessotherwisestatedStandards[HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brinell_scale&action=edit§ion=2"edit]International(HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization"ISO)andEuropean(HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Committee_for_Standardization"CEN)StandardENISO6506-1:2005:Metallicmaterials–Brinellhardnesstest–Part1:testmethodENISO6506-2:2005:Metallicmaterials–Brinellhardnesstest–Part2:verificationandcalibrationoftestingmachineENISO6506-3:2005:Metallicmaterials–Brinellhardnesstest–Part3:calibrationofreferenceblocksENISO6506-4:2005:Metallicmaterials–Brinellhardnesstest–Part4:TableofhardnessvaluesUSstandard(HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASTM_International"ASTMInternational)HYPERLINK"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASTM"ASTME10-12:StandardmethodforBrinellhardnessofmetallicmaterials.勃式硬度(BHN)：测量硬质铜硬度的，就是布氏硬度〈HB〉，油压式操作的勃氏硬度 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 最大工件高度:200mm钢珠压子:5mm等，最适合用于组织不均一的铸铁 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 的硬度计验。老美要求铜材料达到120-160BHN，感觉这就是HB（可能是音译的差别吧），最终根据所加载荷（预加载荷+锤重）以及通过显微镜观察到的钢球压痕直径（一般为钢球直径的0.2-0.6倍）来判断数值大小（通常进行3-5磁试验取值），最终结果可以通过下面的公式进行转化现在只有一个公式硬度換算公式:1.肖氏硬度(HS)=勃式硬度(BHN)/10+122.肖式硬度(HS)=洛式硬度(HRC)+153.勃式硬度(BHN)=洛克式硬度(HV)4.洛式硬度(HRC)=勃式硬度(BHN)/10-3