新教材外研版英语选择性必修第一册学案-Unit-5-Revealing-nature-教学-知识细解码-含答案

www.ks5u.com1．seedn．种子，籽→seedlessadj.无籽的2．evolvev．进化→evolutionn．进化3．suspectv．猜想，怀疑，觉得→suspectedadj.被怀疑的4．generatev．产生，创造→generationn．产生distantadj.遥远的；久远的；不同的；恍惚的1．Thetimewespenttogetherisnowadistantmemory.久远的2．Theirlifeseemedutterlydistantfromhisown.不同的3．Therewasadistantlookinhereyes；hermindwasobviouslyonsomethingelse.恍惚的WordsandPhrases知识要点1　distantadj.遥远的(教材P50)　Thecaptainoftheship，theBeagle，wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”．“贝格尔号”船长需要招聘一个人，此人能“有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。[例]　Patsoundedverycoldanddistantonthephone.从电话里听起来帕特非常冷淡和疏远。[知识拓展](1)be(＋距离)distantfromsth.离某物(……)远(2)distancen.距离atadistance隔一段距离；距离稍远inthedistance在远处at/fromadistanceof...在/从……远的地方keepsb.atadistance对……冷淡；与……疏远distanceoneselffrom使远离；使疏远[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①Hishousestandsonahillandcanbeseenfromadistance(distant)oftwomiles，whilemineistenmilesdistantfromhishouse.②Wecouldseenothinginthethickfogat/fromadistanceoffivemetres，sowegotlost.③Hethrewthestonewithallhisstrengthanditfellintoapondinthedistance(在远处)．[小片段填空]Wecanseethewaterfallinthedistance，whosesoundcanbeheardatadistanceoftwomiles.Itlooksquitebeautifulfromadistance，Ithink.我们可以看见远处的瀑布，它的声音在两英里远的地方就能听见。我认为从远处看它很漂亮。知识要点2　answerthecall响应号召(教材P50)　Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain'sfirstchoice.来应聘的人不是船长的首选。[例]　Theyoungmanansweredthecallandjoinedthearmytodefendhiscountry.这个年轻人响应号召，参军保卫祖国。[知识拓展]answerthephone/acall接听电话answerthedoor开门，应门answercriticism/charges/accusation就批评/指控/谴责等作出回应answeraneed满足需求answeradescription与描述相符[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①Ikeptringingthebell，butnooneanswered(answer)thedoor.②Amananswering(answer)thepolice'sdescriptionwasseenenteringthebuilding.③Howdoyouanswerthecriticismthatyourgovernmenthasdonenothingtohelpthehomeless?有人批评你们的政府没有为无家可归的人提供任何帮助，你对此有何回应？知识要点3　beadisgrace是耻辱，是丢脸的事(教材P50)　What'smore，hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”．更有甚者，他最近收到了父亲的一封信，信中预言他将是“他和全家的耻辱”。[例]　Heisadisgraceandanembarrassmenttothishospital.他是这家医院的耻辱和尴尬。[知识拓展](1)disgracev．使丢脸；使蒙受耻辱；使名誉扫地；使失势；使失去地位(2)indisgrace很不讨人喜欢bringdisgraceon使……蒙羞thereisnodisgraceindoingsth.做某事不丢脸[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①MumtoldmeMeggiewassenthomeindisgrace.②Hisactionsbroughtdisgraceonthefamily.③Therewasnodisgraceinfinishing(finish)fourth.④Youareadisgracetothemedicalprofession.你是医学界的耻辱。知识要点4　leadto引起，导致；通向(教材P50)　Despiteallthis，hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime.尽管如此，他在这艘船上的冒险经历将导致有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。[例]　Excuseme，doesthisroadleadtotherailwaystation?请问，这条路通向火车站吗？[知识拓展]leadsb.todosth.使某人做某事leadsb.to/into...领着某人去/进入……leadahappylife过着幸福的生活inthelead领先，处于首位takethelead带头[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①Theywereinthelead.Thefinishlinewasclose.②Thestudentswereledintothemuseum，mostofthemwithanotebook.③Theyleadabusyandcolourfullifeonthecampus.④Itisreportedthatthediscoveryofnewevidencehadledtothethiefbeingcaught．据报道，新证据的发现导致小偷被抓住。知识要点5　inquestion正被讨论的；有疑问，不确定(教材P50)Theyoungmaninquestion，CharlesDarwin，wasageologistandnaturalist，fascinatedbyrocks，plantsandanimals.所提到的那位年轻人叫查尔斯·达尔文，是一位地质学家和博物学家，对岩石、植物和动物都着迷。[例]　Inmyopinion，you'dbetterkeepyourdistancefromthemaninquestion.依我看，你最好离那个被讨论的人远一点。[知识拓展]outofquestion(＝withoutquestion)没问题outofthequestion不可能，无法接受[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①Herversionofeventswasacceptedwithoutquestion.②Thefutureofpublictransportisnotinquestion.③Anothertripabroadthisyearisoutofthequestion．今年再度出国旅行是绝不可能的。知识要点6　becrowdedwith堆满，挤满(教材P51)　AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica，hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.达尔文在南美洲待了一段时间后，他船上的房间里塞满了他收集的动植物 样本 保单样本pdf木马病毒样本下载上虞风机样本下载直线导轨样本下载电脑病毒样本下载 。[例]　Theoldtownsquarewascrowdedwithpeople.古老的小镇广场上挤满了人。[知识拓展]crowdedadj.拥挤的crowdn．&v.人群/拥挤；聚集acrowdof/crowdsof...一大群……，很多crowdin(onsb.)涌上(心头)，涌入(脑海)crowdintoone'smind涌上某人的心头crowdinto...大批涌入(狭小的空间)[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译①Therewerecrowds(crowd)ofpeopleatthetheatre.②Thismorning，thegroundiscrowdedwithwhitesnow.③Thecrowdwas/were(be)marchingonthestreettoimprovetheirlivingconditions.④他突然有了一个想法：建设另一条高速公路就能解决问题。a．Athoughtcrowdedintohismindthatbuildinganotherexpresswaycouldsolvetheproblem.b．Athoughtcrowdedinonhimthatbuildinganotherexpresswaycouldsolvetheproblem.[名师点津]crowd可用作名词，译作“人群，大众”，在句中作主语时，谓语动词接单数或复数对待均可，thecrowd“老百姓，大众”。知识要点7　(教材P51)　Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?也许动物是随着适应环境的变化而进化的？(1)evolvev．进化；发展[例]　Eachschoolmustevolveitsownwayofworking.每个学校必须形成自己的办学方式。[知识拓展](1)evolvefrom从……进化；从……逐渐形成evolveinto逐渐演变，逐步发展(2)evolutionn.进化(论)；演变[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①Heisinterestedintheevolution(evolve)ofthecomputeroverthepast30years.②Allinall，atleastatthisstage，it'sunlikelythatonlinelearningwillevolveintothedominantformofeducation.③TheideaevolvedfromadrawingIdiscoveredintheroom.这种想法是从我在房间里发现的一幅画得到启发的。(2)adaptto适应，适合[例]　Wemustadapttothenewchangesthroughourcontinuouslearning.我们必须通过持续不断的学习来适应新变化。[知识拓展](1)adapt...to...使……适应或适合……adapt...from...根据……改编或改写adapt...for...改编或改作……之用(2)adaptableadj.能适应的，适应性强的adaptationn.改编(本)，改造；适应[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①Themoviethathadbeenadaptedforchildrenwasadaptedfromanovel.②HaveyouwatchedtheTVseriesadaptedfromhisnovelofthesamename?③Mike，MaryandIhadadiscussionabouttheadaptation(adapt)oftheclassicliteratureyesterday.④Isuggestedhe(should)adapthimselftohisnewconditions.我建议他应该使自己适应新的环境。知识要点8　suspectv．猜想，怀疑，觉得(教材P51)　Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor，whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.达尔文认为这些雀科小鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来，这个祖先很久以前就来到了这些岛屿。[例]　Heistheprimesuspectinthecase.他是这个案子的首要嫌疑人。[知识拓展]suspectthat...认为/猜想/觉得……suspectsb.tobe...怀疑某人是……suspectsb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做过)某事[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①Whathesaidsoundedreasonable，butIsuspectedittobe(be)alie.②Thedoctorsuspectedthathewasillwithflu.③Whatmadeyoususpectherofhavingstolenthemoney?你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？SentencePattern重点句式　so...that...句型(教材P51)　ButDarwin'sscientificstudiesweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.但是达尔文的科学研究非常令人信服，结果越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。句式分析：句中的so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。[例]　Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tsayaword.他气得说不出话。[知识拓展]so＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(形容词/副词＋that...,形容词＋a（n）＋单数名词＋that...,many/much/few/little（少的）＋名词＋that...))sucheq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(a（n）＋形容词＋单数名词＋that...,形容词＋复数可数名词/不可数名词＋that...))[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译①ItissuchniceweatherthatIwouldliketogotothebeach.②TheshopsellssuchexpensivegoodsthatIwanttobuynothingthere.③Hegavemesolittletimethatitwasimpossibleformetofinishtheworkontime.④他是这样好的人，我们不能怪他。a．He'ssuchagoodpersonthatwemustn'tblamehim.b．He'ssogoodapersonthatwemustn'tblamehim.(教材P51)WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835，Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies，butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.[分析]　本句是一个并列复合句。but连接两个并列分句，第一个分句是复合句，when引导时间状语从句，but后面是一个强调句，强调主语thebirds。[译文]　1835年，当“贝格尔号”到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了许多新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。教材高考1.Thecaptainoftheship，theBeagle，wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”．(2019·天津卷)Tomanypeople，technologymeanscomputers，hand­helddevices，orvehiclesthattraveltodistantplanets.2.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments？(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Agroupofsea­dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.3.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor，whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)InSamarkand，MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders，whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Togrowcrops，youhavetolearnhowtosowtheseeds(seed)．2．Theycollectseveralbloodsamples(sample)foranalysisatanationallaboratory.3．Thekeynotespeechisabouttheevolution(evolve)ofthecomputer.4．Itwassuspected(suspect)thathehadsomeconnectionwiththerobbery.5．Thestonetoolsindicatetheearlyculturalcapabilitiesofourhumanancestors(ancestor)．6．Naturalselectionensuresonlythefittestsurvivetopasstheirgenesontothenextgeneration(generate)．7．TheswimmerwassenthomefromtheOlympicsindisgrace.8．Thetraditionalcrosstalkhasalonghistory，dating(date)backtotheQinDynasty.9．Thechildrenwatched，fascinated(fascinate)，asthepicturebegantoappear.10．Itwasinasmallvillageinthesouththathespenthischildhood.Ⅱ.短语填空answerthecall，beadisgrace，beginwith，leadto，ofalltime，becrowdedwith，besimilarto，lookfor，accordingto，beregardedas1．NotonlyisyourmarkinEnglishadisgrace，butyouhaveevenfailedinmathematics.2．Heisregardedasthemostsuccessfulmusicianofmoderntimes.3．Airports，railwaystationsandlong­distancebusstationsarecrowdedwithhomereturners.4．Hesaiddroughthadledtoseverecropfailureforthesecondyearrunning.5．Asasayinggoes，ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswiththefirststep.6．Weallneedtolookforwaystoreduceourcarbonfootprint.7．RobertoBaggiowassettobecomeoneofthegreatestplayersofalltime．8．Letussupposeanotherplanetwithconditionsissimilartothoseontheearth.9．Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan，thefirstconcertwillbeonTuesdayevening.10．Youmusthavefallenasleep，becauseittookyoualongtimetoanswerthecall．Ⅲ.课文语法填空AsayoungmanCharlesDarwinwasregardedas1.adisgracetohimselfandhisfamily.Hedidn'tcompletehis2.medical(medicine)degreeatcollege.However，hisadventuresontheBeagleledhimtooneofthemostimportant3.discoveries(discovery)．Thejourneyontheship，theBeagle，offeredhimagoodopportunity4.tostudy(study)thelivingthingsontheislands.Hewassofascinatedbyrocks，plantsandanimalsontheislands5.thathegothisroomcrowdedwithsamples.Itwasbelievedatthattimethatallspecies6.hadappeared(appear)onEarthatthesametimeandhadn'tchangedsince.Throughhiscarefulobservation，hebegantothink7.differently(different)．Henoticedthatthebeaksofthefincheshadsomedifferencesbetweenthemfromoneislandtoanotheraccordingtowhattheyateonthatparticularisland.Sohethoughttheymusthaveevolvedfromacommonancestor，andtheyhadevolvedtoadapt8.totheenvironment.Darwinbasedhisnewideasonhisobservationandgeneratedhistheoryof9.evolution(evolve)．Thebook，OntheOriginofSpecies，explainedhistheory，10.causing(cause)aheatedstormofdebate.Today，itisstillregardedasoneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten.