书书书
2001年考研英语真
题
快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题
PartⅠ StructureandVocabulary
(1~30略:新大纲不再考查的部分)
PartⅡ ClozeTest
Directions:
Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethe
bestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets
withapencil.(10points)
Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinpromi
nentcases 31 thetrialofRosemaryWest.
Inasignificant 32 oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea
33 billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses 34 andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof
35 thatcanbegiventoacase 36 atrialbegins.
InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsMediaSelectCommittee,LordIrvinesaid
he 37 withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot 38 sufficientcontrol.
39 ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda 40 ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe
41 ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges 42 toParliament.
TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which 43 theEuropeanConvention
onHumanRightslegally 44 inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas 45 toprivacyandthatpublicfig
urescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.
“Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands 46 ourBritishjudges,”hesaid.
Witnesspaymentsbecamean 47 afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19wit
nesseswere 48 tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised
49 witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto 50 guiltyverdicts.
31.A.asto B.forinstance C.inparticular D.suchas
32.A.tightening B.intensifying C.focusing D.fastening
33.A.sketch B.rough C.preliminary D.draft
34.A.illogical B.illegal C.improbable D.improper
35.A.publicity B.penalty C.popularity D.peculiarity
36.A.since B.if C.before D.as
37.A.sided B.shared C.complied D.agreed
38.A.present B.offer C.manifest D.indicate
39.A.Release B.Publication C.Printing D.Exposure
40.A.storm B.rage C.flare D.flash
41.A.translation B.interpretation C.exhibition D.demonstration
42.A.betterthan B.otherthan C.ratherthan D.soonerthan
43.A.changes B.makes C.sets D.turns
44.A.binding B.convincing C.restraining D.sustaining
45.A.authorized B.credited C.entitled D.qualified
1
2001年考研英语真题 系统精析
46.A.with B.to C.from D.by
47.A.impact B.incident C.inference D.issue
48.A.stated B.remarked C.said D.told
49.A.what B.when C.which D.that
50.A.assure B.confide C.ensure D.guarantee
PartⅢ ReadingComprehension
Directions:
Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefouranswersmarkedA,
B,CandD.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Thenmarkyour
answeronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)
Passage1
Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowl
edge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationand
useitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecialisationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinsci
enceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.
Noclearcutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbe
foundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnot
fullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthof
specialisationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining,
impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareas
ofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevel
opmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.
AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanin
creasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptable
researchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheir
ownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonly
iftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedto
pursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljour
nalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstby
nationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.
Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseither
professionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologists
comingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertore
maininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.
AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecialisationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeology
duringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Inscience
generally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestruc
tureofscience.
51.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas .
[A]sociologyandchemistry [B]physicsandpsychology
2
红宝书
[C]sociologyandpsychology [D]physicsandchemistry
52.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat .
[A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecialisationandprofessionalisation
[B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience
[C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity
[D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones
53.Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate .
[A]theprocessofspecialisationandprofessionalisation
[B]thehardshipofamateursinscientificstudy
[C]thechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications
[D]thediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs
54.Thedirectreasonforspecialisationis .
[A]thedevelopmentincommunication [B]thegrowthofprofessionalisation
[C]theexpansionofscientificknowledge [D]thesplittingupofacademicsocieties
Passage2
Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytothesocalleddigitaldivide—thedivisionoftheworldinto
theinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthis
loomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatwork
againstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.
Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreand
morecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess—afterall,themorepeopleonline,
themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,
wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbe
nettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.
AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpoverty
thatweveeverhad.
Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisnttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytool
wehave.Butithasenormouspotential.
Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanticoloni
alprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionof
theirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)inthe
UnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidnthavethecapitaltodoso.And
thatiswhyAmericasSecondWaveinfrastructure—includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon—were
builtwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritains
formercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmeri
cans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.Themorefor
eigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastruc
ture,thebetteroffyouregoingtobe.Thatdoesntmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncor
porationsrununcontrolled.Butitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyand
telecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.
55.Digitaldivideissomething .
3
2001年考研英语真题 系统精析
[A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet
[B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor
[C]theworldmustguardagainst
[D]consideredpositivetoday
56.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit .
[A]offerseconomicpotentials
[B]canbringforeignfunds
[C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty
[D]connectspeopleallovertheworld
57.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof .
[A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas
[B]preventingforeigncapitalscontrol
[C]buildingindustrialinfrastructure
[D]acceptingforeigninvestment
58.Itseemsthatnowacountryseconomydependsmuchon .
[A]howwelldevelopeditiselectronically
[B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants
[C]whetheritadoptsAmericasindustrialpattern
[D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations
Passage3
WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNews
paperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongselfanalysisknownas
thejournalismcredibilityproject.
Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylowlevelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingand
grammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofheadscratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreal
lywant.
Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandard
templates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachdaysevents.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylinein
thenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandareadymadenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusing
news.
Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhy
the“standardtemplates”ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnaireswere
senttoreportersinfivemiddlesizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsin
thesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.
RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighbor
hoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andtheyrelesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteer
work,orputdownrootsinacommunity.
Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheirworktendstoreflectthecon
ventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisntrootedininaccuracyorpoorreportori
alskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.
Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthat
4
红宝书
keepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsanda
credibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitnever
seemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.
Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreport
erswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.
59.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
[A]Needsofthereadersallovertheworld.
[B]Causesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspapers.
[C]Originsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry.
[D]Aimsofajournalismcredibilityproject.
60.Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe .
[A]quitetrustworthy [B]somewhatcontradictory
[C]veryilluminating [D]rathersuperficial
61.Thebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir .
[A]workingattitude [B]conventionallifestyle
[C]worldoutlook [D]educationalbackground
62.Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits .
[A]failuretorealizeitsrealproblem
[B]tendencytohireannoyingreporters
[C]likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting
[D]prejudiceinmattersofraceandgender
Passage4
Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.Theprocesssweeps
fromhyperactiveAmericatoEuropeandreachestheemergingcountrieswithunsurpassedmight.Manyinthese
countriesarelookingatthisprocessandworrying:“Wontthewaveofbusinessconcentrationturnintoanuncon
trollableanticompetitiveforce?”
Theresnoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerful.Multinationalcorporationsaccounted
forlessthan20% ofinternationaltradein1982.Todaythefigureismorethan25% andgrowingrapidly.Inter
nationalaffiliatesaccountforafastgrowingsegmentofproductionineconomiesthatopenupandwelcomefor
eigninvestment.InArgentina,forinstance,afterthereformsoftheearly1990s,multinationalswentfrom43%
toalmost70% oftheindustrialproductionofthe200largestfirms.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriouscon
cernsovertheroleofsmallereconomicfirms,ofnationalbusinessmenandovertheultimatestabilityoftheworld
economy.
IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesamethatunderlietheglo
balizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersanden
largedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomersdemands.Allthesearebeneficial,
notdetrimental,toconsumers.Asproductivitygrows,theworldswealthincreases.
Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.Yetitishardtoimaginethatthe
mergerofafewoilfirmstodaycouldrecreatethesamethreatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacentury
agointheU.S.,whentheStandardOiltrustwasbrokenup.Themergersoftelecomcompanies,suchas
WorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.On
5
2001年考研英语真题 系统精析
thecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasing—wit
nessDaimlerandChrysler,RenaultandNissan—butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.
Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched.Afewweeksago,AlanGreenspanwarned
againstthemegamergersinthebankingindustry.Whoisgoingtosupervise,regulateandoperateaslenderoflast
resortwiththegiganticbanksthatarebeingcreated?Wontmultinationalsshiftproductionfromoneplacetoan
otherwhenanationgetstoostrictaboutinfringementstofaircompetition?Andshouldonecountrytakeuponitself
theroleof“defendingcompetition”onissuesthataffectmanyothernations,asintheU.S.vs.Microsoftcase?
63.Whatisthetypicaltrendofbusinessestoday?
[A]totakeinmoreforeignfunds.
[B]toinvestmoreabroad.
[C]tocombineandbecomebigger.
[D]totradewithmorecountries.
64.Accordingtotheauthor,oneofthedrivingforcesbehindtheM&Awaveis .
[A]thegreatercustomerdemands
[B]asurplussupplyforthemarket
[C]agrowingproductivity
[D]theincreaseoftheworldswealth
65.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat .
[A]theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtconsumers
[B]WorldComservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandcosts
[C]thecostsoftheglobalizationprocessareenormous
[D]theStandardOiltrustmighthavethreatenedcompetition
66.Towardthenewbusinesswave,thewritersattitudecanbesaidtobe .
[A]optimistic [B]objective
[C]pessimistic [D]biased
Passage5
WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofa
newinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmeto
abandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icovered
myexitbyclaiming“Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.
Curiously,sometwoandahalfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentinwhattheAmericansterm
“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionate
advocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall”,preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepagesof
Shemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.
Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuchpublicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofShe
afterabuildupofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife”,andmakingthealternativemove
into“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.Nothingcouldper
suademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12hourworkingdays,pres
sureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.
InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawellestablished
trend.Downshifting—alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”—has,ironically,evenbredanewarea
6
红宝书
ofwhatmightbetermedanticonsumerism.Thereareanumberofbestsellingdownshiftingselfhelpbooksfor
peoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;therearenewsletters,suchasTheTightwadGazette,thatgivehundreds
ofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheirclingfilmtomakingtheirownsoap;there
areevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid90sequivalentofdroppingout.
WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline—afterthemassredundancies
causedbydownsizinginthelate80s—andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthe
middleclassdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.
Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe80s,downshiftinginthemid
90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife—growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturn
ingintoone—asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.
67.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagraph1?
[A]Fulltimeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.
[B]Thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob.
[C]“Alateralmove”meanssteppingoutoffulltimeemployment.
[D]Thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.
68.Thewritersexperimentshowsthatdownshifting .
[A]enableshertorealizeherdream
[B]helpshermoldanewphilosophyoflife
[C]promptshertoabandonherhighsocialstatus
[D]leadshertoacceptthedoctrineofShemagazine
69.“Jugglingoneslife”probablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby .
[A]nonmaterialisticlifestyle [B]abitofeverything
[C]extremestress [D]anticonsumerism
70.Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheU.S.asaresultof .
[A]thequickpaceofmodernlife [B]mansadventurousspirit
[C]manssearchformythicalexperiences [D]theeconomicsituation
PartⅣ EnglishChineseTranslation
Directions:
ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslation
mustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)
Inlessthan30yearstimetheStarTrekholodeckwillbeareality.Directlinksbetweenthebrainsnervous
systemandacomputerwillalsocreatefullsensoryvirtualenvironments,allowingvirtualvacationslikethosein
thefilmTotalRecall.
(71)Therewillbetelevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisable
themwhentheyoffend.(72)Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswithin
builtpersonalitieswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantools,relaxationwillbeinfrontofsmelltelevision,
anddigitalagewillhavearrived.
AccordingtoBTsfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopmentsscheduledforthefirstfew
decadesofthenewmillennium(aperiodof1,000years),whensupercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerate
progressinallareasoflife.
(73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemil
7
2001年考研英语真题 系统精析
lenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsand
discoveriestotakeplace.Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includinganextendedlifeex
pectancyanddozensofartificialorganscomingintousebetweennowand2040.
Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputerhumanlinks.“Bylinkingdirectlytoournervoussystem,
computerscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,simulatefeelingtoosothatwecanstarttodevelopfull
sensoryenvironments,ratherliketheholidaysinTotalRecallortheStarTrekholodeck,”hesays.(74)But
that,Pearsonpointsout,isonlythestartofmanmachineintegration:“Itwillbethebeginningofthelong
processofintegrationthatwillultimatelyleadtoafullyelectronichumanbeforetheendofthenextcentury.”
Throughhisresearch,Pearsonisabletoputdatestomostofthebreakthroughsthatcanbepredicted.How
ever,therearestillnoforecastsforwhenfasterthanlighttravelwillbeavailable,orwhenhumancloningwill
beperfected,orwhentimetravelwillbepossible.Buthedoesexpectsocialproblemsasaresulto