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2001年考研英语真题 书书书 2001年考研英语真题 PartⅠ StructureandVocabulary (1~30略:新大纲不再考查的部分) PartⅡ ClozeTest Directions: Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethe bestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinth...

2001年考研英语真题
书书书 2001年考研英语真 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 PartⅠ StructureandVocabulary (1~30略:新大纲不再考查的部分) PartⅡ ClozeTest Directions: Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethe bestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets withapencil.(10points) Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinpromi nentcases 31  thetrialofRosemaryWest. Inasignificant 32  oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea  33  billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses 34  andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof  35 thatcanbegiventoacase 36  atrialbegins. InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsMediaSelectCommittee,LordIrvinesaid he 37  withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot 38  sufficientcontrol.  39  ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda 40  ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe  41  ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges 42  toParliament. TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which 43  theEuropeanConvention onHumanRightslegally 44  inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas 45  toprivacyandthatpublicfig urescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies. “Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands 46  ourBritishjudges,”hesaid. Witnesspaymentsbecamean 47  afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19wit nesseswere 48  tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised  49  witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto 50  guiltyverdicts. 31.A.asto      B.forinstance      C.inparticular      D.suchas 32.A.tightening B.intensifying C.focusing D.fastening 33.A.sketch B.rough C.preliminary D.draft 34.A.illogical B.illegal C.improbable D.improper 35.A.publicity B.penalty C.popularity D.peculiarity 36.A.since B.if C.before D.as 37.A.sided B.shared C.complied D.agreed 38.A.present B.offer C.manifest D.indicate 39.A.Release B.Publication C.Printing D.Exposure 40.A.storm B.rage C.flare D.flash 41.A.translation B.interpretation C.exhibition D.demonstration 42.A.betterthan B.otherthan C.ratherthan D.soonerthan 43.A.changes B.makes C.sets D.turns 44.A.binding B.convincing C.restraining D.sustaining 45.A.authorized B.credited C.entitled D.qualified 1 2001年考研英语真题   系统精析 46.A.with B.to C.from D.by 47.A.impact B.incident C.inference D.issue 48.A.stated B.remarked C.said D.told 49.A.what B.when C.which D.that 50.A.assure B.confide C.ensure D.guarantee PartⅢ ReadingComprehension Directions: Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefouranswersmarkedA, B,CandD.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Thenmarkyour answeronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points) Passage1 Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowl edge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationand useitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecialisationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinsci enceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity. Noclearcutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbe foundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnot fullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthof specialisationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining, impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareas ofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevel opmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom. AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanin creasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptable researchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheir ownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonly iftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedto pursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljour nalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstby nationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury. Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseither professionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologists comingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertore maininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway. AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecialisationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeology duringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Inscience generally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestruc tureofscience. 51.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas . [A]sociologyandchemistry [B]physicsandpsychology 2 红宝书 [C]sociologyandpsychology [D]physicsandchemistry 52.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat . [A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecialisationandprofessionalisation [B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience [C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity [D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones 53.Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate . [A]theprocessofspecialisationandprofessionalisation [B]thehardshipofamateursinscientificstudy [C]thechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications [D]thediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs 54.Thedirectreasonforspecialisationis . [A]thedevelopmentincommunication [B]thegrowthofprofessionalisation [C]theexpansionofscientificknowledge [D]thesplittingupofacademicsocieties Passage2 Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytothesocalleddigitaldivide—thedivisionoftheworldinto theinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthis loomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatwork againstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic. Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreand morecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess—afterall,themorepeopleonline, themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind, wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbe nettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead. AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpoverty thatweveeverhad. Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisnttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytool wehave.Butithasenormouspotential. Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanticoloni alprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionof theirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)inthe UnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidnthavethecapitaltodoso.And thatiswhyAmericasSecondWaveinfrastructure—includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon—were builtwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritains formercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmeri cans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.Themorefor eigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastruc ture,thebetteroffyouregoingtobe.Thatdoesntmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncor porationsrununcontrolled.Butitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyand telecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet. 55.Digitaldivideissomething . 3 2001年考研英语真题   系统精析 [A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet [B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor [C]theworldmustguardagainst [D]consideredpositivetoday 56.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit . [A]offerseconomicpotentials [B]canbringforeignfunds [C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty [D]connectspeopleallovertheworld 57.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof . [A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas [B]preventingforeigncapitalscontrol [C]buildingindustrialinfrastructure [D]acceptingforeigninvestment 58.Itseemsthatnowacountryseconomydependsmuchon . [A]howwelldevelopeditiselectronically [B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants [C]whetheritadoptsAmericasindustrialpattern [D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations Passage3 WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNews paperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongselfanalysisknownas thejournalismcredibilityproject. Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylowlevelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingand grammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofheadscratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreal lywant. Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandard templates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachdaysevents.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylinein thenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandareadymadenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusing news. Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhy the“standardtemplates”ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnaireswere senttoreportersinfivemiddlesizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsin thesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions. RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighbor hoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andtheyrelesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteer work,orputdownrootsinacommunity. Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheirworktendstoreflectthecon ventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisntrootedininaccuracyorpoorreportori alskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders. Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthat 4 红宝书 keepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsanda credibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitnever seemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout. Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreport erswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass. 59.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout? [A]Needsofthereadersallovertheworld. [B]Causesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspapers. [C]Originsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry. [D]Aimsofajournalismcredibilityproject. 60.Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe . [A]quitetrustworthy [B]somewhatcontradictory [C]veryilluminating [D]rathersuperficial 61.Thebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir . [A]workingattitude [B]conventionallifestyle [C]worldoutlook [D]educationalbackground 62.Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits . [A]failuretorealizeitsrealproblem [B]tendencytohireannoyingreporters [C]likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting [D]prejudiceinmattersofraceandgender Passage4 Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.Theprocesssweeps fromhyperactiveAmericatoEuropeandreachestheemergingcountrieswithunsurpassedmight.Manyinthese countriesarelookingatthisprocessandworrying:“Wontthewaveofbusinessconcentrationturnintoanuncon trollableanticompetitiveforce?” Theresnoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerful.Multinationalcorporationsaccounted forlessthan20% ofinternationaltradein1982.Todaythefigureismorethan25% andgrowingrapidly.Inter nationalaffiliatesaccountforafastgrowingsegmentofproductionineconomiesthatopenupandwelcomefor eigninvestment.InArgentina,forinstance,afterthereformsoftheearly1990s,multinationalswentfrom43% toalmost70% oftheindustrialproductionofthe200largestfirms.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriouscon cernsovertheroleofsmallereconomicfirms,ofnationalbusinessmenandovertheultimatestabilityoftheworld economy. IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesamethatunderlietheglo balizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersanden largedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomersdemands.Allthesearebeneficial, notdetrimental,toconsumers.Asproductivitygrows,theworldswealthincreases. Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.Yetitishardtoimaginethatthe mergerofafewoilfirmstodaycouldrecreatethesamethreatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacentury agointheU.S.,whentheStandardOiltrustwasbrokenup.Themergersoftelecomcompanies,suchas WorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.On 5 2001年考研英语真题   系统精析 thecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasing—wit nessDaimlerandChrysler,RenaultandNissan—butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt. Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched.Afewweeksago,AlanGreenspanwarned againstthemegamergersinthebankingindustry.Whoisgoingtosupervise,regulateandoperateaslenderoflast resortwiththegiganticbanksthatarebeingcreated?Wontmultinationalsshiftproductionfromoneplacetoan otherwhenanationgetstoostrictaboutinfringementstofaircompetition?Andshouldonecountrytakeuponitself theroleof“defendingcompetition”onissuesthataffectmanyothernations,asintheU.S.vs.Microsoftcase? 63.Whatisthetypicaltrendofbusinessestoday? [A]totakeinmoreforeignfunds. [B]toinvestmoreabroad. [C]tocombineandbecomebigger. [D]totradewithmorecountries. 64.Accordingtotheauthor,oneofthedrivingforcesbehindtheM&Awaveis . [A]thegreatercustomerdemands [B]asurplussupplyforthemarket [C]agrowingproductivity [D]theincreaseoftheworldswealth 65.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat . [A]theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtconsumers [B]WorldComservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandcosts [C]thecostsoftheglobalizationprocessareenormous [D]theStandardOiltrustmighthavethreatenedcompetition 66.Towardthenewbusinesswave,thewritersattitudecanbesaidtobe . [A]optimistic [B]objective [C]pessimistic [D]biased Passage5 WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofa newinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmeto abandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icovered myexitbyclaiming“Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”. Curiously,sometwoandahalfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentinwhattheAmericansterm “downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionate advocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall”,preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepagesof Shemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything. Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuchpublicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofShe afterabuildupofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife”,andmakingthealternativemove into“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.Nothingcouldper suademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12hourworkingdays,pres sureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”. InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawellestablished trend.Downshifting—alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”—has,ironically,evenbredanewarea 6 红宝书 ofwhatmightbetermedanticonsumerism.Thereareanumberofbestsellingdownshiftingselfhelpbooksfor peoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;therearenewsletters,suchasTheTightwadGazette,thatgivehundreds ofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheirclingfilmtomakingtheirownsoap;there areevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid90sequivalentofdroppingout. WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline—afterthemassredundancies causedbydownsizinginthelate80s—andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthe middleclassdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives. Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe80s,downshiftinginthemid 90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife—growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturn ingintoone—asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations. 67.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagraph1? [A]Fulltimeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend. [B]Thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob. [C]“Alateralmove”meanssteppingoutoffulltimeemployment. [D]Thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily. 68.Thewritersexperimentshowsthatdownshifting . [A]enableshertorealizeherdream [B]helpshermoldanewphilosophyoflife [C]promptshertoabandonherhighsocialstatus [D]leadshertoacceptthedoctrineofShemagazine 69.“Jugglingoneslife”probablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby . [A]nonmaterialisticlifestyle [B]abitofeverything [C]extremestress [D]anticonsumerism 70.Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheU.S.asaresultof . [A]thequickpaceofmodernlife [B]mansadventurousspirit [C]manssearchformythicalexperiences [D]theeconomicsituation PartⅣ EnglishChineseTranslation Directions: ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslation mustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points) Inlessthan30yearstimetheStarTrekholodeckwillbeareality.Directlinksbetweenthebrainsnervous systemandacomputerwillalsocreatefullsensoryvirtualenvironments,allowingvirtualvacationslikethosein thefilmTotalRecall. (71)Therewillbetelevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisable themwhentheyoffend.(72)Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswithin builtpersonalitieswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantools,relaxationwillbeinfrontofsmelltelevision, anddigitalagewillhavearrived. AccordingtoBTsfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopmentsscheduledforthefirstfew decadesofthenewmillennium(aperiodof1,000years),whensupercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerate progressinallareasoflife. (73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemil 7 2001年考研英语真题   系统精析 lenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsand discoveriestotakeplace.Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includinganextendedlifeex pectancyanddozensofartificialorganscomingintousebetweennowand2040. Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputerhumanlinks.“Bylinkingdirectlytoournervoussystem, computerscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,simulatefeelingtoosothatwecanstarttodevelopfull sensoryenvironments,ratherliketheholidaysinTotalRecallortheStarTrekholodeck,”hesays.(74)But that,Pearsonpointsout,isonlythestartofmanmachineintegration:“Itwillbethebeginningofthelong processofintegrationthatwillultimatelyleadtoafullyelectronichumanbeforetheendofthenextcentury.” Throughhisresearch,Pearsonisabletoputdatestomostofthebreakthroughsthatcanbepredicted.How ever,therearestillnoforecastsforwhenfasterthanlighttravelwillbeavailable,orwhenhumancloningwill beperfected,orwhentimetravelwillbepossible.Buthedoesexpectsocialproblemsasaresulto
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