美国空军二战战术要诀

美 国 空 军 二 战 战 术 要 诀 American Fighter Tactics CAA-NRC Committee on Selection and Training of Aircraft Pilots, 1942 Know your airplane Every aircraft has strengths and weaknesses. Make sure you know yours and those of the enemy aircraft you're most likely to encounter. Knowing you can out-climb, out-accelerate, out-turn, or out-gun your foe changes the way you fly. So does knowing your own plane's vulnerabilities. 了解你的战机： 每种飞机各有其优缺点，确定你掌握了自己驾驶的飞机以及最常遇到的敌 机的特性，了解你的飞机能否在爬升、加速、回转或火力上胜过对方，从而改变你的飞行方式。 所以一定要了解自身飞机的弱点。 Keep your head on a swivel Visualizing the positions and movements of fast-moving objects in a three-dimensional space is difficult. But it's what separates fighter pilots from fighter aces. Being a good shot is a useless skill if you can't keep track of the enemy. [In Combat Flight Simulator, you can use joystick and keyboard commands to scan the sky rapidly.] 保持头部持续转动： 在 3-D空间中要察觉一个快速移动目标的位置和方向是件不容易的事， 但这就是王牌飞行员和一般飞行员的差別，如果你不能持续捕捉到敌机的动向，是不可能有好的 命中效果的。（在 CFS中你可以使用摇杆和键盘指令来快速扫视空中。） Use the element of surprise When you come in from behind or below the enemy he can't see you. But dropping in from above gives you the potential for greater speed. While you're closing in, use the enemy's blind spots to your advantage. Come out of the sun or the clouds with your guns blazing so you can shoot him down before he even knows you're there. 敌机出其不意： 当你从后方或下方接近敌机时，敌机不易察觉到你。但是反过来从上方向 下冲向敌机时，可让你拥有潜在的速度优势。当你利用敌机的盲点接近时，也将占有优势。而从 向阳方向或云层中飞出攻击，就可以在敌机发现你之前将其击落。 Stay one move ahead of the enemy A good fighter pilot's actions in the present are dictated by his prediction of the future. If you merely react to your opponent's actions you will be shot down. If you anticipate his actions and respond intuitively without hesitation, you will emerge the victor. 永远抢先敌人一步： 一个优秀的战斗机飞行员将依照对未来状态的预测而做出现时的行动。 如果你只是根据对手的动作来反应，被打下的将会是你。如果你能直觉地预见到对手的动作并毫 不犹豫地做出反应，你将成为胜利者。 Trade altitude and airspeed Are you flying too fast? Pull back on the stick and you'll slow down as you climb. Be careful though: pulling up to shake the enemy off your tail is a dangerous move! Your airspeed will drop quickly, and a slow ship under fire is a sitting duck. Are you flying too slowly? Nose your ship over into a dive to gain some airspeed. Trading altitude and airspeed is an essential part of all aerial combat maneuvers. 速度和高度的转换： 你飞得太快了吗？往后拉杆爬升将使你慢下來。但要小心！想拉杆摆 脱追尾的敌人是个危险的举动。因为你的空速将急剧下降，低速飞机在火力下将成为极易击中的 靶子。飞得太慢了吗？压低你的机鼻向下俯冲可以获得一些速度。速度和高度的转换是所有空战 机动的基础。 Fly slower to turn faster When you ride a bicycle around a corner quickly you want to go fast, but not too fast-it's the same with your aircraft. At fast speeds, centrifugal force causes the plane's turn radius to increase and its turn rate to decrease. Every ship has a speed at which maximum-performance turns are possible. In general, though, a slower-flying aircraft will out-turn a faster-flying one. 飞得慢点转得快点： 当你骑着自行车想快速转弯时，你就要骑得快些，但也不能过快—— 你的飞机亦是如此。在高速下，离心力将导致飞机的转弯半径增加和回转率降低。每一架飞机有 各自的最佳回转速度。一般来说，慢速飞机的回转率优于快速飞机。 Turn into your opponent Turning into the enemy's direction of movement increases the angle between your movement and his guns, making you harder to hit. Turning away decreases the angle, making you an easier target-and making it much easier for him to get on your tail. 转向你的对手： 转向敌人的飞行方向可增加你的飞行方向与敌机机枪间的方位角，使你更 难被击中。转离他反而减小方位角，使你成为更容易击中的目标——更容易让对手溜到你的 6 点钟方向。 Use "deflection shooting" Attacking an enemy aircraft from in front or behind is easy. Just aim and shoot when you're close enough to hit the target. Attacking from other angles is more complicated. You must coordinate your shooting with your speed, and fire ahead of the target so that he runs into your bullets. This difficult skill is called "deflection shooting," and it is the mark of a good combat pilot. Learning it is essential to your success. 善用“偏差射击”： 从正前方或正后方攻击敌机是件容易的事，当你足够接近时只需瞄准并 射击就能击中目标。从其它角度攻击就要复杂些，你必须协调好射击和速度，向目标前方开火， 让敌机飞向子彈。这种不容易的技巧称为“偏差射击”，它是成为优秀战斗机飞行员的标志，也 是你成功所必须学习的要诀。 Don't shoot until he fills your windscreen Wait until you're so close that you're sure you'll hit him-you'll save ammunition. This strategy takes less concentration than deflection shooting, but it isn't always practical-especially if you're meeting the enemy head on! 在它充滿你座舱风挡前別开火： 等到你靠得够近并且确信能击中它时才开火，这样可以节 省弹药。这一策略与偏差射击相比无需太专注，但也较不实用，特別是当你和敌人做对头攻击时。 Never stop an attack once you've initiated it If you run away when you're within range of the enemy, it's easier for him to get a shot at you. Courage is not the absence of fear; it's action in the face of fear. If you've decided to attack, be courageous and follow through. Cowardice at close range will get you killed. 一旦发起攻击就不要停手： 当你在敌机范围內想逃离时，敌机很容易能击中你。勇敢并不 是不害怕，而是去面对它。一旦你决定攻击，尽管放手去做，在敌人面前怯弱只会让自己丧命。