电子类专业英语电子教案第五课

null5 Digital Technology5 Digital Technology学习重点： （1）掌握有关数字电路及数字产品的基本单词、词组和缩略语的基本含义及用法 （2）培养阅读翻译有关数字电路及数字产品科技文献和产品说明书的能力 （3）学习在科技英语中用分词及分词短语作后置定语的特点及用法，掌握其翻译方法 null生词 arithmetic [ ə'riθmətik ] n. 算术 binary [ 'bainəri ] a. 二进位的，二元的 Passage A Digital Basicsnullcascade [ kæs‘keid ] n. 一系列的装置；串联 vi. & vt. 联成系列；串联 decimal [ 'desiməl ] n. & a. 十进位；十进位的，小数的 hexadecimal [ heksə'desim(ə)l ] n. & a. 十六进制（的) octal [ 'ɔktl ] n. & a. 八进制；八进制的 parlance [ 'pɑ:ləns ] n. 说法；语法；语调 rectangle [ ‘rektæŋgl ] n. 长方形，矩形 flip-flop [ ‘flipflɔp ] n. 触发器 shift register移位寄存器 truth table 真值 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 2. 课文翻译讲解2. 课文翻译讲解 Digital describes electronic technology that generates, stores, and processes digital data in terms of two states: positive and non-positive. Positive is supply voltage (+Vs) approximately and expressed by the number 1, and non-positive is zero volts (0V) approximately and represented by the number 0. 翻译：数字技术是用两个状态来描述产生、存储和处理数字数据的电子技术，这两 个状态是：正状态和非正状态。正状态大致是电源电压(+Vs)，用数字1表示，而非 正状态大致是零电压，用数字0表示。 nullThus, data transmitted or stored with digital technology is expressed as a string of 0's and 1's. Each of these state digits is referred to as a bit (and a string of bits that a computer can address individually as a group is a byte). Digital signal is an electronic signal to be transmitted as binary code that can be either the presence or absence of current, high and low voltages or short pulses at a particular frequency. 翻译：因此，用数字技 术来传输或存储的数据 是用0和1的数字串来表 示的。这些状态的每一 个数字称为一个“位”（ 计算机能够作为一个整 体来独立寻址的二进制 位串称为字节）。数字 信号是用二进制代码传 输的电信号，它可以是 电流的通断状态、高低 电压或某一频率的短脉 冲。 过去分词短语作后置定语后置定语从句nullDigital electronics are those electronic systems that use digital signals instead of analog signals and are the basis of all digital circuits for computer, mobile phones and other electronics devices such as flip-flops, shift registers and counters. Everything in the digital world is based on the binary number system. 翻译：数字电子学是指那些用数字信号代替模拟信号的电子系统，它也是所有用 于计算机、移动电话和其它电子器件如触发器、移位寄存器和计数器的数字电路 的基础。 数字世界的一切都是基于二进制数字系统。 nullThe mathematic basis of this system is Boolean algebra, developed by English mathematician George Boole in the mid-19th century. Its rules govern logical functions (true/false) and are the foundation of all digital electronics circuits. Boolean logic is turned into logic gates on the chip, and the logic gates make up logic circuits that perform functions such as how to add two numbers together. 翻译：这一系统的数学 基础是布尔代数，它是由 英国数学家乔治.布尔于 19世纪中叶提出的。它的 规则支配逻辑函数功能 （真/假），并且是所有的 数字电路的基础。布尔逻 辑被转变成芯片上的逻辑 门，逻辑门再组合成逻辑 电路，它执行如怎样将两 数相加在一起等功能。过去分词短语作后置定语null Numerically, this involves only two symbols: 0 and 1. In the decimal (base-10) Arabic numbering system, the digits are the elements of the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9}. In the binary number system, however, the digits are the elements of the set {0, 1}. This system is used by computers because the two digits can represent the logic low and high states. The term "binary digit" is compressed to "bit" in computer parlance. Other numbering systems used in computing include the octal and hexadecimal systems. 翻译：在数字上，二进制只包含两个符号：0和1。在十进制系统中（以10为基数） ，数字是集合{0，1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9}的元素。但在二进制系统中，数字 是集合{0，1}的元素。此系统被计算机所使用，因为这两个数字可以表示低逻辑状态 和高逻辑状态。在计算机用语中，“二进制数”这一术语被压缩成“位”。用于计算机中 另外的计数体系是八进制和十六进制。nullIn the octal number system, the digits are the elements of the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7}. In the hexadecimal system, the digits are the elements of the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F}. A logic gate performs a logical operation on one or more logic inputs and produces a single logic output. The behaviours of a logic gate are described in a truth table, which lists the value of the output for every possible combination of the inputs. 翻译：在八进制中，数字是集合{0，1，2，3，4，5，6，7}的元素。在十六进制中， 数字是集合{0，1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9，A，B，C，D，E，F}的元素。 逻辑门是对一个或多个逻辑输入执行逻辑操作，产生单个逻辑输出。用真值表来 描述逻辑门的功能，它列出了逻辑输入的每种可能组合所对应的输出值。 nullLogic gates are identified by their function: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR. Capital letters are normally used to make it clear that the term refers to a logic gate. The simplest form of electronic logic is diode logic. The simplest family of logic gates using bipolar transistors is called resistor-transistor logic (RTL). Unlike diode logic gates, resistor-transistor logic gates can be cascaded indefinitely to produce more complex logic functions and were used in early integrated circuits. 翻译：。可用其功能来判别：AND（与门）、OR（或门）、NOT（非门）、 NAND（与非门）、NOR（或非门）、X-OR（异或门）和X-NOR（异或非门）。 通常用大写字母清楚地表明它代表的是逻辑门。最简单形式的电子逻辑是二极管 逻辑。应用双极型晶体管的最简单的逻辑门系列被称为电阻-晶体管逻辑（RTL） 。与二极管逻辑门不同，电阻-晶体管逻辑门可以无限地级连产生更复杂的逻辑功 能，且应用在早期的集成电路中。 using bipolar transistors是现在 分词短语，作定语nullFor higher speed, the resistors used in resistor-transistor logic were replaced by diodes, leading to diode-transistor logic (DTL). Latter it was then discovered that one transistor could do the job of two diodes in the space of one diode, so transistor-transistor logic, or TTL, was invented and widely used in modern electronics. 翻译：为产生更快的速度， 电阻-晶体管逻辑门中的电 阻被二极管取代，出现了 二极管-晶体管逻辑电路 （DTL）。后来，人们发 现用一个晶体管可以代替 两个二极管的工作，所以 发明了晶体管-晶体管逻辑 电路（或TTL）并广泛应用 在现代电子领域。过去分词短语做后置定语nullFor reducing size and power consumption, the complementary field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) were developed to replace the bipolar transistors, and further resulting in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) logic. There are two series of symbols for logic gates: traditional symbols and IEC symbols, shown in Figure 5-1.翻译：为减小尺寸和功 耗，研制了互补型场效 应晶体管（金属氧化物 半导体场效应晶体管） ，代替了双极型晶体管 。最后出现了互补型金 属氧化物半导体 （CMOS）逻辑。 逻辑门有两个系列 的符号表示法：传统符 号和IEC(国际电工委员 会)符号，如图 5-1所示。 现在分词短语做状语 nullThe traditional symbols, defined by ANSI/IEEE Std 91-1984 and its supplement ANSI/IEEE Std 91a-1991, have distinctive shapes making them easy to recognize so they are widely used in industry and education. 翻译：传统符号是由 ANSI/IEEE Std 91-1984 及附录 ANSI/IEEE Std 91a-1991 定义的，具有独特的形状， 容易识别，所以广泛用于 工业和教学中。现在分词短语做后置定语 nullThe IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) symbols, based on IEC 60617-12, are rectangles with a symbol inside to show the gate function. They are rarely used despite their official status, but you may need to know them for an examination.过去分词短语做后置定语 介词短语做后置定语 翻译： IEC(国际电工委员会) 符号，基于IEC 60617- 12，是内部带有标识逻 辑门功能的符号的矩形 框。尽管它们有官方地 位，却很少被采用，但 为了考试你可能需要了 解它们。nullLogic gates normally are available on ICs (chips) which usually contain several gates of the same type, for example, the 4001 IC contains four 2-input NOR gates. There are several families of logic ICs and they can be split into two groups: 4000 series and 74 series. Logic ICs also include such devices as arithmetic logic units (ALUs), memory, microcontrollers and microprocessors, which can contain more than a 100 million gates. 翻译：通常使用的逻辑门集成芯片包含几个相同类型的逻辑门，例如，4001IC包 含了4个双输入端的或非门。逻辑集成电路有几个系列，可以将它们划分为两大类 ：4000系列和74系列。逻辑集成电路也包含如算术逻辑单元（ALU）、存储器、 微控制器和微处理器这样器件，它们可包含上亿的逻辑门。nullIn practice, the gates are made from field effect transistors (FETs), particularly from metal-oxide-semiconductor FETs (MOSFETs). 翻译：实际上，逻辑门是由场效应晶体管（FET）制成的，特别是由金属氧化物 半导体场效应晶体管（MOSFET）制成。3.疑难解析3.疑难解析1) Each of these state digits is referred to as a bit (and a string of bits that a computer can address individually as a group is a byte). 这些状态的每一个数字称为一个“位”（计算机能够作为一个整体来独立寻址的二进制位串称为字节）。 (1) referre to sb. (sth.) as：称某人（某物）为… (2) be referred to as 意为“被称为…；被当作…”意思相近的短语还有be regarded as, be considered as, be viewed as意为“被视为…；被认为…”。null比较：referre to sb. (sth.)的意思是：“提到，涉及；查阅，查询，参考”， referre …to… 的意思是：“把….归类于；认为是….的原因或出处；把….提交；指点；使向….请教”。 2) The traditional symbols have distinctive shapes making them easy to recognize so they are widely used in industry and education.传统符号有不同的形状使之很容易识别，所以，在工业和教育领域广泛使用。 making them easy to recognize 是现在分词短语作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 在 make + sth./sb. + adj.( + to do…) 结构中，make是使役动词,其后面的宾语补足语可以由形容词、名词、分词或省略to的不定式（在被动语态中不省to）等充当。 4 语法应用4 语法应用分词及分词短语作后置定语 分词可以是现在分词和过去分词，现在分词含有主动意义，而过去分词含有被动意义。分词及分词短语可作定语。当单个分词做定语时，多数情况下放在所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语作定语则需放在名词之后。在科技文章用得更多的是分词短语作定语，其作用和一个定语从句相似。 1) 现在分词短语作定语 例如本课中 The simplest family of logic gates using bipolar transistors is called resistor-transistor logic (RTL).null2) 过去分词短语做定语 例如本课中 Thus, data transmitted or stored with digital technology is expressed as a string of 0's and 1's. 需要注意的是，分词所表示的动作和句子谓语所表示的动作还存在着时间之间的关系。一般来讲，现在分词所表示的动作是与句子谓语所表示的动作同时发生或现在正在发生；而过去分词所表示的动作通常是发生在句子谓语所表示的动作之前。