APtTCC Test Method 61-2010
Colorfastness to Laundering: Accelerated
Developed in 1950 by ,a.ATCC Committee
RA60; revised 1952, 1954, 1957, 1960;
1961, 1970, 1972, 1986 (title change),
1989, 1993, 1994, 1996, 2003, 2006
(title change), 2007, 2000, 2010; reaf
firmed 1956, 1962, 1966, 1968, 1969,
1975, 1980, 1985; editorially revised
1973, 1974, 1975, 1076, 1981, 1983,
1984, 1991, 1995, 1998, 2002, 2004,
2008; editorially revised and reaffirmed
2001. Partly equivalent to ISO 105-C06.
1. Purpose and Scope
1.1 These accelerated laundering tests
are to evaluate the colorfastness to laun
dering of textiles which are expected to
withstand frequent laundering. The fabric
color loss and surface changes resulting
from detergent solution and abrasive ac
tion of five typical hand or hmne launder
ings, with or without chlorine, are
roughly approximated by one 45 min test
(see 9.2-9.6). However, the staining ef
t ct produced by five typical hand or
home launderings cannot always be pre
dicted by tire 45 rain test. Staining is a
function of the ratio of colored to undyed
fabrics, fiber content of fabrics in the
wash load and other end-use conditions
which are not always predictable.
1.2 When this test method was origi
nally developed, various options of this
method were intended to evaluate the
color change and staining by five home
or commercial launderings, on an accel
erated basis. Throughout the years, com
mercial laundering procedures have
changed and commercial cleaning today
involves many different types of pro
cesses, dependent on the type of product
being cleaned that cannot be duplicated
by one accelerated laboratory procedure.
In 2005, all references to commercial
laundering were removed as it is not
known ifthese procedures accurately rep
licate typical commercial laundering pro
cesses used today.
2. Principle
2.t Specimens are tested under appro
priate conditions of temperature, deter
gent sohltion, bleaching and abrasive ac
tion such that the color ehauge is sinfilar
to that occurring in five hand or home
lanuderings. The color change is obtained
in a conveniently short time. The abra
sive action is a result of the frictional ef
fects of fabric against canister, fue low ti
quor ratio and the in]pact of the steel balls
on the fabric.
3. Terminology
3.1 colorfastness, n.--the resistance of
a material to change iii any of its color
characteristics, to transfer of its'color
ant(s) to adjacent materials or both, as ,
result of the exposure of fue material to
any environment that might be encoun
tered during tire processing, testing, stor
age or use of the material.
3.2 lanndering, n.--of textile mate
rials, a process intended to remove soils
and/or stains by tretatment (washing) with
an aqueous detergent solution and nor
mally including subsequent rinsing, ex
tracting and drying.
4. 'Salely Precautions
NOTE: These safety precautions are
for information purposes only. The pre
cautions are ancillary to the testing proce
dures and are not intended to be all inclu
sive. It is the user's responsibility to use
safe and proper techniques in handling
materials in the test method. Mamffactur
ers MUST be consulted for specific de
tails such as material safety data sheets
and other manufactaJrer's recommenda
tions. All OSHA standards and rules
must also be consulted and followed.
4.1 Good laboratory practices should
be followed. Wear safety glasses in all
laboratory areas.
4.2 All chemicals should be handled
with care.
4.3 The 1993 AATCC Standard Refer
ence Detergent (with and without optical
brighteners) and the 2003 AATCC Stan
dard Reference Liquid Detergent (with
and without optical brighteners) may
cause irritation. Care should be taken to
prevent exposure to skin and eyes.
4.4 An eyewash/safety shower should
be located nearby for emergency use.
4.5 tvlanufaeturer's safety recommen
dations should be followed when operat
ing laboratory testing equipment.
5. Apparatus, Reagents and Materials
(see 12.1)
5.1 Accelerated laundering machine.
5.1.1 A laundering machine for rotat
ing closed canisters in a thermostatically
controlled water bafl] at 40 a: 2 rpm.
5.1.2 Stainless steel lever lock canis
ters Type 1 500 mL (1 pt), 75 × 125 nun
(3.0 × 5.0 in.) for Test No. IA.
5.1.3 Stainless steel lever lock canisters
Type 2 1200 mL, 90× 200 mm (3.5 × 8.0
in.) for Tests No. 1B, 2A, 3A, 4A and 5A.
5.1.4 Adapter plates for holding canisters
(see 5.1.3) on laundering machine shaft.
5.1.5 Stainless steel balls, 6 mm (0.25
in.) in diameter.
5.1.6 White Synthetic (SBR) Rubber
Balls 9-10 mm (3/8 in.) dia. 70 Durome
ter hardness for Test 1B (see 12.l)
5.1.7 Teflon fluorocarbon gaskets (see
7.4.2 and 12.2).
5.1.SPreheater/storage module (see
7.4, 12.1 and 12.3).
5.2 Scales for rating test results.
5.2. l AATCC Chromatic Transference
Scale (see 12.4).
5.2.2 Gray Scale for Color Change (see
12.4).
5.2.3 Gray Scale for Staining (see 12.4).
5.3 Reagents and materials.
5.3.1 Multifiber test fabrics (8 mm
[0.33 in.] bands) containing acetate, cot
ton, nylon, silk, viscose rayon and wool.
Multifiber test fabrics (8 mm [0.33 in.]
bands) and (15 mm [0.6 in.] bands) col]
taining acetate, cotton, nylon, polyester,
acrylic and wool (see 12.5).
5.3.2 Bleached cotton test fabric, 32 x
32 ends x pieks/em (80 x 80 ends x
picks/in.) construction, 100 : 3 g/m2 (3.0
± 0.1 oz/yd2), desized without optical
brightener (see 12.5).
5.3.3 1993 AATCC Standard Refer
ence Detergent WOB (without optical
brightener and without phosphate) or
2003 AATCC Standard Reference Liquid
Detergent WOB (without optical bright
eners) (see 10.5 and 12.6).
5.3.4 1993 AATCC Standard Refer
ence Detergent (with optical brighteners)
or 2003 AATCC Standard Reference Liq
uid Detergent (with optical brighteners)
(see 10.5 and 12.6).
5.3.5 Water, distilled or deionized (see
12.7).
5.3.6Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI)
bleach (see 12.8).
5.3.7 Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), 10% (see
12.8.1).
5.3.8 Potassium iodide (KI), 10% (see
12.8.1).
5.3.9Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S203), '
0.IN (see t2.8.1).
5.3.10 Cruckmeter test cloth cut in 50
mm (2 in.) squares (see 12.9).
5.3.1 l White cards (specimen mounts)
with g tristimulus value at least 85%.
6. Test Specimens
6.1 The sizes of the specimens required
for the various tests are as follows:
50 x 100 mm (2.0 x 4.0 in.) for Test
No. 1A,
50 x 150 mm (2.0 x 6.0 in.) for Tests
No. 1B, 2A, 3A, 4A and 5A.
86 TM 6t-20t0 AATCC Technical Manual/2011
Copyright © 2010 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
6.2Test only Due specimen in each
canister.
6.2.1 Test one specimen per laboratory
sample. Replication may be advisable for
improved precision.
6.3 To determine staining in Tests No.
IA and 2A, use multifiber test fabric. To
determine staining in Test No. 3A, use ei
ther multifiber test fabric or bleached cot
ton test firbric. With respect to Test No. 3A,
the nse of multifiber test fabric is optional
but the staining of acetate, nylon, polyester
and acrytie is disregarded unless one of
these fibers is present in tile fabric being
tested or known to be in tile final garment.
For Test 3A, multifiber test fabric with
heat-sealed edges is recommended. Stain
ing is not determined in Tests No. 4A and
5A (see 12.10 and 12.11).
6.4 Specimen preparation.
6.4.1 Preparation with multifiber test
fabric with individual component bands
8 mm (0.33 in.) ;vide or with bleached
cotton test fabric. Prepare pieces with a
50 mm (2.0 in.) square of nmltiflber test
fabric cloth or bleached cotton test fabric
(as required) sewn, stapled or suitably
attached along one 50 mm (2.0 in.) edge
of the test specimen and in contact with
the face of the material. When multifiber
test fabric is nsed, attach it so that each of
the six fiber bands is along the 50 mm
(2.0 in.) edge of tile specimen with the
wool on the right. The fiber bands in the
multifiber test fabric will be parallel to the
lengthwise direction of the test specimen.
6.4.2 Preparation with mulfiftber test
fabric with individual component bands
15 mm (0.6 in.) wide. Prepare pieces with
a 50 x 100 mm (2.0 x 4.0 in.) rectangle of
mnttifiber test fabric sewn, stapled or
suitably attached centered aloug one 100
mnt (4.0 in.) or 150 mm (6.0 in.) edge of
the test specimen and in contact with the
face of the material. Attach it so that each
of the six fiber bands will be parallel to
the widthwise direction of tile specimen.
Attach and secure the wool band at the
top of the specimen to avoid fiber loss.
6.4.3 It is recommended that knitted
fabrics be sewn or stapled at the four
edges to eqnivalent size pieces of
bleached cotton test fabric to avoid rolled
edges and to assist in obtaining a uniform
test result over tile entire surface. Attach
tile multifiber test fabric to tile face of the
lolitted fabric.
6.4.4 For pile fabric specimens with a
pile lay direction, attach the multifiber
test fabric al the top of the specimen with
tile pile lay direction pointing away from
the top of the specimen.
6.5 When tile textile to be tested is
yarn, specimens may be tested using Op
tion 1 or Option 2.
6.5.1 Option 1. Knit yarn on an appro
priate sample knitting machine. Prepare
specimens and multifiber test fabrics ac
cording to 6.1-6.4.3. Keep one knitted
specimen of each sample as an unwashed
original.
6.5.2Option 2. Prepare two II0 m
(120 yd) skeins of each yarn. Fold the
skein so that there is a uniform amount of
yam across a 50 mm (2 in.) width with a
length appropriate for the procedure to be
used. Keep one skein of each sample as
an nnwashed original. Sew or staple
Crockmeter test cloth squares (see t2.9)
or squares of bleached cotton test fabric
having approximately the same weight
folded over each end of the layered yarn
specimen. Attach a muRifiber test fabric
according to 6.4.1 or 6.4.2.
7. Procedure
7.1Table I summarizes the conditions
of the tests.
7.2 Adjust the laundering machine to
maintain the designated bath tempera
ture. Prepare the reqnired volume of
wash liquor. Preheat this solution to the
prescribed temperature.
7.3 Run Test No. IA in 75 x 125 mm
(3.0 x 5.0 in.) lever lock stainless steel
canisters. Run Tests No. 2A, 3A, 4A and
5A in 90 x 200 mm (3.5 x 8.0 in.) lever
lock stainless steel canisters.
7.3.1 For 'l'ests No. IA, IB, 2A and
3A, add to tile canister the amount of de
tergent solution designated in Table I.
7.3.2 For Test No. 4A, prepare a 1500
ppm available chlorine solution. For 1 L,
determine the amonnt of stock sodium
hypochlorite bleach solution (see 12,8) to
dilute as follows:
t59.4/% NnOCI = g to add
Weigh the correct amount of bleach into
a vohnnetrie flask and dilute to I L. To
each canister, add 5 mL of 1500 ppm
available chlorine solution and 45 mL of
detergent solution making a total volume
of 50 mL.
7.3.3 For Test No. 5A, determine the
amount of stock sodium hypochlorite
bleach solution (see 12.8) to dilute as
follows:
4.54/% NaOCI = g to add
Weigh the correct amount of bleach into
a graduated cylinder and add detergent
solution to make a total volume of 150
mL. Prepare this solution separately for
each canister.
7.3.4 For all the tests, add the desig
nated number of stainless steel balls or
white rubber balls to each canister.
7.4 The two options for preheating the
canisters to the test temperature are by
use of the laundering machine or the pre
heater/storage unit. If the canisters ire to
be preheated in the laundering machine,
proceed to 7.4.2.
7.4.1Place the canisters in the pre
heater module at the prescribed test tem
perature. They are to remain in the
module for at least 2 min. Enter a well
crumpled test specimen into each canister.
7.4.2 Clamp the covers on the conis
ters. A Teflon fluorocarbon gasket (see
5.1.6) may be inserted between the neo
prene gasket and the top of each canister
to prevent contamination of the wash so
lution by the neoprene. Fasten the 75 x
125 mm (3.0 x 5.0 in.) lever lock canis
ters vertically and the 90 x 200 mm (3.5
x 8.0 in.) lever lock canisters horizontally
in the adapters on the rotor of the laun
dering machine in such a manner that
when tile canisters rotate, tile covers
strike the water first. Place an equal num
ber of canisters on each side of the shaft.
For canisters preheated in tile module,
proceed to 7.7.
7.5 Start the rotor and rna it for at least
2 rain to preheat tile canisters.
7.6 Stop tile rotor and with a row of
canisters in an upright position, unclamp
the cover of one canister, enter a well
crumpled test specimen into the sohttion
and replace tile cover, bnt do not clamp it.
Repeat this operation until all the canis
ters in tile row have been loaded. Then
clamp the covers in tile same order in
which the canisters were loaded (delay
clamping the covers to allow eqnalization
of pressure). Repeat this operation until
all rows of canisters have been loaded.
7.7 Start the laundering machine and
run it at 40 ± 2 rpm for 45 rain.
7.8 TILe rinsing, extracting and drying
Temp
Test
N0.b °C(±°2) °F (±°4)
IA 40 105
18c 31 88
2A 49 120
3A 71 160
4A 71 160
5A 49 120
Table I--Test Conditionsa
Percent Percent Percent
Total Powder Liquid Available
Liquor Detergent Detergent Cltlorine No. No. of
Volume of Total of Tolal of Total Steel Rubber Time
(mL) Volume Volume Volume Balls Balls (Min)
200 0.37 0.56 None 10 0 45
150 0,37 0.56 None 0 tO 20,
150 0.15 0,23 None 50 0 45
50 0.15 0.23 None 100 0 45
50 0.15 0,23 0.015 100 0 45
150 0.15 0,23 0.027 50 0 45
Refer to Section 9 for obieetives for each test method.
bAll Tests include an alternate use for 2003 AATCC Standard Liquid Detergent.
CTest 1 e provides for the use of White Rubber Balls instead of Stainless Steel Bails.
AATCC Technical Manual/2011 TM 61-2010 87
Copyright © 2010 A meric,-m Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
????? www.bzfxw.com ????
procedures are the same for all the tests.
Stop the machine, remove the canisters
and empty the contents into beakers,
keeping each test specimen in a separate
beaker. Rinse each test specimen three
times, in beakers, in distilled or deionized
water at 40 ± 3°C (t05 ± 5°F) for 1 rain
periods with oceasTonal stirring or hand
squeezing• To remove excess water, cen
trifuge, blot or pass the test specimens
through wringer rolls. Dry the specimens
in an air circulating oven in which the
temperature does not exceed 71°C
(160°F), or tumble dry in a nylon mesh
bag in an antomatio tumble dryer at nor
mal cycle, which has an exhaust tempera
ture of 60-71°C (140-160°F), or air dry.
7.9 Allow specimens to condition at 65 "
: 2% relative humidity and 2l ± I°C (70
J- 2°F) for 1 h before evaluating.
7.10 Prepare tested fabric specimens
and adjacent fabrics for evaluation by
trimming off raveled yams and lightly
brushing off any loose fiber and yarn oll
tile fabric surfaces. Brush pile fabric
specimens in reqnired direction to restore
them as nearly as possible to the same
pile angle as the untreated specimens.
Specimens shmdd be smoothed or flat
tened if they are wrinkled and messy due
to washing and/or drying. Specimens
may be mounted on cards to facilitate
identification and handling in their evalu
ation. For consistency in backing mate
rial, use a white mounting card'with Y
tristimulus value of at least 85%. Mount
ing material must not be visible in the
area to be viewed and must not interfere
with rating as specified in 5.1 of both
AATCC Evaluation Procedures 1 and 2
for tile Gray Scale for Color Change and
Gray Scale for Staining or instrumental
assessment of color according to AATCC
Evaluation Procedure 7, Instrumental As
sessment of the Change in Color of a Test
Specimen (see 12.4).
7.10.1 Yarn skein specimens should be
combed and brushed for improved align
ment of the yarns before comparison with
the unwashed original. The original spec
imens may also need further combing and
brushing for uniformity of appearance.
8, Evaluation
8.1 Evaluation of color change.
8.1.1 Evaluate the color change of the
test specimens by comparison with the
AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change
(AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1), or us
ing AATCC Evaluation Procedure 7, ln
strtnnental Assessment of the Change in
Color of a Test Specimen, and record the
numerical rating that corresponds to the
appropriate one ou the Gray Scale. For
improved precision and accuracy the
specbnens should be rated by more than
oue rater.
8.2 Evahmtion of staining.
8.2.t Evaluate staining (see t2.10) by
comparison with the AATCC Gray Scale
for Staining (AATCC Evaluation Proce
dure 2), the AATCC 9-Step Chromatic
Transference Scale (AATCC Evaluation
Procedure 8), or Instrumental Assess
ment of Degree of Staining (AATCC
Evahmtion Procedure 12), and record the
• numerical rating that corresponds to the
appropriate one on either of them. The
scale used should be indicated when re
porting the test results.
8.2.2 The color transferred to the multi
fiber test fabric or bleachbd cotton test
fabric square of 6.4.1 can be quantita
tively detennined by measuring the color
difference between a piece of the original
material and tile stained material. Multifi
ber test fabrics (15 mm [0.6 in.]) have fill
ing bands of sufficient width to be within
the aperture diameter capability of many
colorimeters and speetrophotometers (see
AATCC Evaluation Procedure 6, Instrn
mental Color Measurement and 12.14).
9. Interpretation of Results
9.1 Results from these tests are in
tended to approximate the color change
effects (see 1.1) of five typical home
launderings. These are accelerated tests,
and in obtaining the required degree of
acceleration some of the conditions, such
as temperature, were purposely exagger
ated. The tests have remained largely the
same over many years while laundry de
tergents, washers and dryers, laundry
practices and fabrics have changed (see
AATCC monograph "Standardization of
Home Laundty Test Conditions," else
where in this TECHNICAL |ANUAL),
Consequently, caution in interpreting test
results is advisable.
9.2 Test No. 1A 'his test is for evaln
ating the colorfastness of textiles that are
expected to withstand repeated hand
laundering at low temperature. Speci
mens subjected to this test should show
color change similar to that produced by
five typical carefid hand launderings at a
temperature of 40 - 3°C (105 ± 5°F).
9.3 Test No. tB his test is for evalu
ating the colorfastness of textiles that are
expected to withstand repeated hand
laundering at cool temperatures. Speci
mens subjected to this test should show
color change similar to that produced by
five typical careful hand launderings at a
temperatnre of 27 ± 3°C (80 a: 5°F).
9.4 Test No. 2A This test is for eval
uating the colorfastness to washing of
textiles that are expeeted to withstand re
peated low temperature machine launder
ing in the home. Specimens subjected to
this test sbonld show color change similar
to that produced by five home maclfum
lmmderings at medium or waml setting in
the temperatnre range of 38 • 3°C (100 ±
5°F).
9.5 Test No. 3A This test is for evalu
ating colorfastness to washing of textiles
considered washable under vigorous con
ditions. Specimens subjected to fuis test
should show color change similar to that
produced by five home machine launder
ings at 60 ± 3°C (140 ± 5°F), without
chlorine.
9.6 Test No. 4A--This test is for evalu
ating the colorfastness to washing of tex
tiles laundered in the presence of avail
able chlorine. Specimens subjected 1o
this test should show color change similar
to that produced by five home machine
launderings at 63 ± 3°C (145 a_ 5°F) with
3.74 g per L (0.50 oz/gal) 0f5% available
chlorine per 3.6 kg (8.0 tb) load.
9.7 Test No. 5A--This test is for eval
uating the colorfastness to washing of
textiles that may be laundered in the pres
ence of available chlorine. Specimens
subjected to this test
本文档为【AATCC_61-2010_耐水洗色牢度】,请使用软件OFFICE或WPS软件打开。作品中的文字与图均可以修改和编辑,
图片更改请在作品中右键图片并更换,文字修改请直接点击文字进行修改,也可以新增和删除文档中的内容。
该文档来自用户分享,如有侵权行为请发邮件ishare@vip.sina.com联系网站客服,我们会及时删除。
[版权声明] 本站所有资料为用户分享产生,若发现您的权利被侵害,请联系客服邮件isharekefu@iask.cn,我们尽快处理。
本作品所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用。
网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽..)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。