Transplant Succes

1 Health: Transplant Success 健康：移植成功 2 Scientists Pioneer a New Transplant Technique 科学家开辟新的移植技术 Read the text below and do the activity that follows. 阅读下面的短文，然后完成练习： Some people are calling it the greatest medical breakthrough so far this century. Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transplant using new stem cell technology. But what are stem cells? Most cells in our bodies are designed to serve specific purposes – for example, a liver cell develops to work in the liver and cannot become a heart cell. But stem cells are different. They are very young, and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cell. Claudia Castillo needed a new windpipe after contracting tuberculosis. Scientists from the University of Bristol in the UK took a donor windpipe, or trachea, from someone who had recently died. They used strong chemicals to remove the donor’s cells, leaving a tissue scaffold. This was repopulated with cells from Ms Castillo’s windpipe and nose, and stem cells from her bone marrow. After four days the cells had grown sufficiently for the trachea to be transplanted into Ms Castillo. Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejection. But by using Ms Castillo’s own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new trachea was her own organ. Five months on, Claudia Castillo is in perfect health. This ground-breaking procedure could be used in other transplant operations in the future. Scientists also believe stem cells might be used to treat Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, diabetes, burns and spinal cord damage. However, stem cell research is extremely controversial. The most effective stem cells do not come from adults but from embryos created in laboratories and which are just a few days old. Many people have religious or ethical objections to growing embryos, even if they can be used to cure diseases. 3 Glossary 词汇表 breakthrough – 突破 organ transplant – 器官移植 stem cell – 干细胞 liver – 肝脏 windpipe – 气管 tuberculosis – 肺结核 donor – 捐赠者 tissue scaffold – 组织支架 repopulated – 重新构成 bone marrow – 骨髓 rejecting – 排斥 side-effects – 副作用 ground-breaking procedure – 史 无前例的步骤 Parkinson's disease – 帕金森氏症 Alzheimer's disease -阿茨海默症 （老人痴呆症） stroke – 中风 arthritis – 关节炎 diabetes – 糖尿病 spinal cord damage – 骨髓损伤 embryos – 胚胎 1. Reading Quiz 阅读测验 Are these sentences true or false? Circle the correct answer. 以下句子哪句是真?哪句是假？请圈出正确答案。 1. Stem cells are designed to serve specific purposes. True / False 2. The transplant took place at the University of Bristol. True / False 3. Ms Castillo’s body did not reject her new windpipe because it was made partly with her own cells. True / False 4. The most useful stem cells do not come from adults. True / False 5. All religious people object to stem cell research. True / False 4 2. Medical Vocabulary 医用词汇 a) Going to the doctor 看医生 Some of the words below were in the passage above. Put them in the gaps so that the following makes sense. 请用以下词组来填空完成下面这段话，你可以参考上文。 treatment side-effects drugs prescribe contracted perfect health symptoms Julia had had a bad cough for some weeks. She was feeling tired and had a high temperature. After looking up her _______ on the Internet, she became worried that she had _______ tuberculosis and went to the doctor. The doctor examined her closely. He said he was going to _______ her some _______. He told her that there would be no serious _______ to the _______. She had to take some pills for four weeks. If she didn’t get better, she had to return to the doctor. However, after three weeks she had recovered and was again in _______. 5 b) Common diseases mentioned in the passage 上文中出现的常见病症的名称 Match the English names for diseases with the Chinese words, below: 请把以下各种病症的英文名称与其对应的中文搭配： 1 ___ 2 ___ 3 ___ 4 ___ 5 ___ 6 ___ 7 ___ 1. tuberculosis 2. Parkinson's disease 3. Alzheimer's disease 4. stroke 5. arthritis 6. diabetes 7. spinal cord damage A. 糖尿病 B. 中风 C. 帕金森氏症 D. 肺结核 E. 关节炎 F. 阿茨海默症（老人痴呆症） G. 骨髓损伤 6 3. Organs of the Human Body 人体器官 Do you know the English names for organs of the body? Write the appropriate name next to the letters below. 你知道人体器官各部位名称用英语怎么说吗？请在每个字母旁边写出其所指的器官，你可 以参照下面方框里给出的词汇。 Bladder Liver Lungs Heart Skin Brain Voice box Stomach Kidney A _______ B _______ C _______ D _______ E _______ F _______ G _______ H _______ I _______ 7 4. Wordsearch 单词搜索 Try to find the words associated with this week’s Take Away in the puzzle below. There are ten words to find. Words can be written horizontally (g), vertically (i) or diagonally (m) 请在下面的字谜游戏中，找出与这周随身英语有关的英语单词来。 共有10个单词，其组成方式可能以水平的 (g) 垂直的 (i) 或对角的 (m) 形式出现。 b e r p t i g l a n g s a s p o r g a n i n g s r y a l a e r a i v i e t m a r n g s u l p e l h p o l s d a c o r o r r t a l p o n e r i n g i o p h l n u m e i n s t m u l a o j i n a b s i s i o n r a l e r y e s c o n t r a c t e d s t r e a t m e n t a n g b r e a k t h r o u g h transplant arthritis breakthrough donor contracted treatment symptoms prescribe liver organ 8 Answers 答案 1. Reading Quiz 阅读测验 1. Stem cells are designed to serve specific purposes. False 2. The transplant took place at the University of Bristol. False 3. Ms Castillo’s body did not reject her new windpipe because it was made partly with her own cells. True 4. The most useful stem cells do not come from adults. True 5. All religious people object to stem cell research. False 2. Medical Vocabulary 医用词汇 a) Going to the doctor 看医生 Julia had had a bad cough for some weeks. She was feeling tired and had a high temperature. After looking up her symptoms on the Internet, she became worried that she had contracted tuberculosis and went to the doctor. The doctor examined her closely. He said he was going to prescribe her some drugs. He told her that there would be no serious side- effects to the treatment. She had to take some pills for four weeks. If she didn’t get better, she had to return to the doctor. However, after three weeks she had recovered and was again in perfect health. b) Common diseases mentioned in the passage上文中出现的常见病 症的名称 1d 2c 3f 4b 5e 6a 7g 3. Organs of the Human Body 人体器官 A Stomach B Liver C Voice box D Brain E Lungs F Heart G Kidneys H Skin I Bladder 4. Wordsearch 单词搜索 p t l a s o r g a n i r y a e v t m n s e h p s d c r r t p o r i o l n i t m a o b i s n r e s c o n t r a c t e d t r e a t m e n t b r e a k t h r o u g h