9 CR 氯丁橡胶

nullRoute map of rubber industryRoute map of rubber industrySBR, BR, IR, EPR, CR§8-5 氯丁橡胶（CR）§8-5 氯丁橡胶（CR）材料简介材料简介氯丁橡胶（Chloroprene rubber,缩写CR）是2-氯-1，3-丁二烯经过乳液聚合得到的均聚物。 它的分子量随品种的不同而不同，一般为４~８万（数均分子量） 氯丁橡胶既是通用橡胶又有一些特殊性能，如耐候，耐燃，耐油等特点，因此在合成橡胶工业中又被称为通用型特殊橡胶。用途用途氯丁橡胶用途用途概  述 概  述 氯丁橡胶（chloropene rubber,简称CR）是由2-氯-1,3-丁二烯聚合而成的一种高分子弹性体。其分子量随品种不同而异，一般在2×104~106之间。其分子式为: 氯丁橡胶作为一种通用型特种橡胶，除具有一般橡胶的良好物性外，还具有耐候、耐燃、耐油、耐化学腐蚀等优异特性，因此使之在各种合成橡胶中占有特殊的地位。发展简史 发展简史 氯丁橡胶是合成橡胶的主要品种之一，也是发展较早的一种合成橡胶。 早在1906～1925年间Nieuwland就进行了研究，然后由Carothers等人于1931年实现工业化，并由美国Du Port公司开始生产，以“Duprene”的名称进行销售，后来于 1936年又改名为Neoprene”。Wallace Hume Carothers In His Lab American chemist Wallace Carothers works in his laboratory at Du Pont's experimental station. His research in high polymers in 1928 led to the development of nylon, circa 1920s. Father Julius Arthur NieuwlandnullJulius NieuwlandFr. Julius Nieuwland in his lab Reverend Julius Arthur Nieuwland, CSC, Ph.D., (February 14, 1878–June 11, 1976) was a Belgian-born Holy Cross priest and professor of chemistry and botany at the University of Notre Dame. He is known for his contributions to acetylene research and its use as the basis for one type of synthetic rubber, which eventually led to the invention of Neoprene by DuPont. Father Nieuwland's parents immigrated from , Belgium in 1880 to South Bend, Indiana. As a young man, Nieuwland enrolled at the University of Notre Dame, where he studied Latin and Greek and received his undergraduate degree in 1899. He soon after began studies for the priesthood. Ordained in 1903, Nieuwland attended graduate school at The Catholic University of America, where he studied botany and chemistry. During his doctoral studies into the chemistry of acetylene, he discovered the chemical compound lewisite, but abandoned further research due to its usefulness as a poison. After receiving his Ph.D. in 1904, he returned to Notre Dame as professor of botany (until 1918), then professor of organic chemistry (until 1936). In 1920, Nieuwland successfully polymerized acetylene(乙炔) into divinylacetylene(二乙烯基乙炔 ). Elmer Bolton, the Director of Research at DuPont, used this basic research during the development of neoprene. Reproducing an actual event from his life, Fr. Nieuwland appears in the film Knute Rockne, All American as the priest who tries to convince Knute Rockne to be a chemist rather than a football coach.nullThe new rubber was called "Duprene" at first, but was renamed NeopreneTM. It was expensive, but resisted oil and gasoline, which natural rubber didn't. It was the first good synthetic rubber. This was the first discovery made by Purity Hall that could be turned into a profitable product. In some ways it saved "Purity Hall". It also made Carothers famous. But Carothers never really liked his new synthetic rubber. When he reported its discovery in a memo to his boss, Elmer K. Bolton, he didn't even mention that the material could be used as synthetic rubber, only that it was structurally similar to natural rubber. 1,2 To Carothers polychloroprene was a lucky accident, not true science. NeopreneTM was useful, but to him it did not expand his understanding. For Carothers the joy of science was purely reaching new understanding of nature's mysteries. Without that, useful products weren't enough to satisfy him. Many scientists were trying to make synthetic rubber in the 1920s and 30s. Most were interested in trying to make polybutadiene from butadiene. Making butadiene into polybutadiene wasn't hard, but butadiene wasn't easy to make. A priest and Notre Dame professor named Father Julius Nieuwland was working on a project that looked like it would have the answer. He had made vinylacetylene乙烯基乙炔 . this might just lead to an easy way to make butadiene, like this: One of the Carothers team, Gerard Berchet, happened to leave a sample of vinyl acetylene in a jar with hydrochloric acid (HCl) for about five weeks. Then another member of team, Arnold M. Collins happened to look in that jar and found a rubbery white material. The HCl had reacted with the vinylacetylene, making chloroprene, which then polymerized to become polychloroprene. "The scientific results were abundant in quantity but perhaps a little disappointing in quality." null反式-1，4-聚氯丁二烯 顺式-1，4-聚氯丁二烯 1，2-聚氯丁二烯 3，4-聚氯丁二烯 发展简史发展简史Du Pout公司自1931年生产氯丁橡胶以来，垄断氯丁橡胶市场近30年，直至进入60年代，世界各国才陆续发展了自己的氯丁橡胶，现在已有10多个国家生产氯丁橡胶，尽管各国的氯丁橡胶牌号有所不同，但其生产方法大致是相同的。 氯丁橡胶的生产最早采用本体聚合法，现在世界各国生产氯丁橡胶，普遍采用乳液聚合法，即以水为介质，以松香酸皂为乳化剂，以过硫酸钾为引发剂，使氯丁二烯进行聚合的方法。国外氯丁橡胶主要生产国家一览 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 国外氯丁橡胶主要生产国家一览表制  法 制  法 前已述及，氯丁橡胶的制造方法是在Niewland研究的基础上，由Carothers等人完成的。工业上曾采用以乙炔为原料，经乙烯基乙炔制取氯丁二烯的方法，但近年来，以丁二烯为原料的生产方法，也已实现工业化。现仅就氯丁二烯的生产方法简述如下。 null（一）氯丁二烯单体的制造 1．乙炔法（一）氯丁二烯单体的制造 1．乙炔法该法是将乙炔气体通人氯化亚铜·氯化铵络盐的溶液中，使之二聚生成乙烯基乙炔，再在氯化亚铜催化剂的作用下，与氯化氢反应制得氯丁二烯。其反应式如下：在此反应中，也生成4-氯-1，3-丁二烯，但经异构化后，可转变成2-氯-1，3-丁二烯。null2．丁二烯法 2．丁二烯法 该法是利用石油裂解产物C4 馏分中的丁二烯为原料，经过氯化、异构化、脱氯化氢等过程制取氯丁二烯。其主要反应过程如下：null丁二烯法制备氯丁二烯的工艺 流程 快递问题件怎么处理流程河南自建厂房流程下载关于规范招聘需求审批流程制作流程表下载邮件下载流程设计 丁二烯法制备氯丁二烯的工艺流程加 热 氯 化异 构 化脱 氯 化 氢精 馏蒸汽 催化剂NaOH水溶液氯丁二烯重组分氯丁二烯的乳液聚合氯丁二烯的乳液聚合聚合原料： 1.乳化剂：松香酸皂，萘磺酸钠的甲醛缩合物 2.催化剂：过硫酸盐 3.分子量调节剂：非硫磺类，硫磺与二硫化秋兰姆类 聚合条件控制 （1）温度：10-40 （2）PH:碱性条件,8-10 按分子量调节剂，CR可分为： 月桂基硫醇调节剂，产物称作硫醇改进型CR 硫磺与氯丁二烯单体共聚后用秋兰姆类化合物调节，产物称作硫磺改进型CRnull碘仿null氯丁橡胶的硫化: 聚氯丁二烯大分子中因含有氯原子，链中的双键很不活泼，不能用普通硫磺来硫化。 通常用金属氧化物（ZnO,MgO等）与链中1，2-结构中的叔烯丙基氮反应而交联。 （二）聚合（二）聚合氯丁二烯是无色、挥发性较大、极易聚合的化合物，沸点 59．4℃，氯丁二烯经乳液聚合制得氯丁橡胶。现将氯丁橡胶的聚合配方和操作条件举例如下。 配方：操作条件：聚合温度40—42℃，聚合时间2～2．5小时，聚合转化率89～90％，胶乳相对密度1.068一般聚合工艺过程一般聚合工艺过程（1）配制 精制氯丁二烯（纯度＞99．3％）经干燥、冷却后，计量送入油相配制槽，按配方加入硫黄，待溶解后再加入松香，配制成油相。用软水、氢氧化钠、分散剂二萘间亚甲基磺酸钠（或石油磺酸钠）配制水相。同时配制引发剂过硫酸钾溶液及终止剂溶液。 （2）聚合 将水相和油相在乳化槽中混合乳化后，送入聚合釜，加引发剂溶液，于40℃左右进行聚合。聚合进行2～2．5小时后，当胶乳相对密度达1.068时（转化率相当于89％），停止聚合。 （3）断链与终止 在胶乳中加入终止剂（含有二硫化四甲基秋兰姆，TMTD，和防老剂）终止聚合反应。然后将胶乳放到断链槽中，在碱性介质中断链，终点通过塑性控制。在终止及断链过程中，聚合物与二硫化四甲基秋兰姆作用使分子链断裂。一般聚合工艺过程一般聚合工艺过程（4）凝聚与千燥 断链后的胶乳送入凝聚槽，与氯化钠、氯化钙组成的凝聚剂作用，使橡胶呈小颗粒析出。然后再经洗涤、挤压脱水、干燥、扑粉、剪割后包装为成品。主要影响因素主要影响因素聚合调节剂 防止支化交联，保证可溶性、可塑性和分子量一定大小 聚合转化率 转化率过高会发生支化和交联而产生凝胶 聚合温度 影响聚合物微观结构和性能典型设备介绍典型设备介绍性能特点性能特点合成橡胶中它的综合性能是独一无二 耐燃性能是橡胶中最好的 优良的物理机械性能 气密性、耐臭氧、耐候性佳 耐寒性差 易结晶 电绝缘性差典型设备介绍典型设备介绍特点 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 特点总结CR 耐燃性最好 EPR 耐老化性最好 BR 弹性最好 橡胶制品生产工艺流程图 橡胶制品生产工艺流程图 骨架制备骨架处理上粘合剂溶 剂胶浆制备织物刮胶检查包装半成品制备纤维织物热处理浸胶压 延配料混炼压 片精密预成型仓 库模具检查模具设计加工硫 化整 理检 查包 装入 库二次硫化