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镁合金侵蚀剂配方a Edited by yah 1 1、B.C.柯瓦连科 著, 李春志、郑运荣、曹翰香 译。金相试剂手册,冶金工业出版社,1973 侵蚀:(1)2~5%硝酸酒精。 (2)冷态 1~5%硝酸水溶液中侵蚀 5~20s。 (3)2%盐酸水溶液,根据侵蚀持续时间,侵蚀结果会使基体-固溶体变暗,Mg4Al3 和Mg2Cu由白变为浅蓝色和玫瑰色,Mg2Cu3Al2变灰。 (4)HCl 2~50ml,乙醇至 100ml,在镁合金中首先侵蚀基体(固溶体)及夹杂(金 属间化合物型的如Mg4Al3和Mg2Cu)。...

镁合金侵蚀剂配方a
Edited by yah 1 1、B.C.柯瓦连科 著, 李春志、郑运荣、曹翰香 译。金相试剂手册,冶金工业出版社,1973 侵蚀:(1)2~5%硝酸酒精。 (2)冷态 1~5%硝酸水溶液中侵蚀 5~20s。 (3)2%盐酸水溶液,根据侵蚀持续时间,侵蚀结果会使基体-固溶体变暗,Mg4Al3 和Mg2Cu由白变为浅蓝色和玫瑰色,Mg2Cu3Al2变灰。 (4)HCl 2~50ml,乙醇至 100ml,在镁合金中首先侵蚀基体(固溶体)及夹杂(金 属间化合物型的如Mg4Al3和Mg2Cu)。 (5)苦味酸 3~5克,乙醇至 100ml。 (6)10ml 硝酸,10ml 盐酸,在盐酸中侵蚀 1min,冲洗后在硝酸中侵蚀 2~3s的 连续侵蚀法。 (7)含 2%过二硫酸铵水溶液,中合金化和高合金化的镁合金。 (8)醋酸 10ml+水 90ml,用棉球浸沾试剂侵蚀 0.5~2min,显示镁及其合金的低 倍组织。 (9)硝酸 50ml,铬酐 20克,水 75ml,浸入或棉球润蚀,随后酒精清洗。建议配 制 4~20%铬酐硝酸溶液并在使用前直接将 5~20滴溶液稀释在 100ml水中。 (10)a、10%硝酸水溶液;b、25%氯化铵水溶液。显示镁合金低倍组织。将轻微 抛光的低倍磨片浸入溶液 a 中至形成暗银色表面,清晰磨片并干燥,此后再在 溶液 b中侵蚀 30~60s。 (11)重铬酸钾 150克+铬酐 2克+硫酸铵 3克+醋酸 15ml+水 1000ml,显示变形镁 合金的纤维组织。 (12)硝酸 1ml,乙二醇 75ml,水 24ml,侵蚀不超过 60s,然后温水清洗。显示镁 合金时效厚的组织,放大倍数观察。 (13)醋酸 20ml+乙二醇 60ml+硝酸 1ml+水 20ml,棉球润蚀 5~120s,随后热水清 洗。显示锻造的和热处理的镁合金组织以及镁-钍和镁-钍-锆系合金组织。 (14)草酸至 5 克,水 100ml,棉球擦蚀几秒钟,然后水冲洗。显示各种状态镁合 金组织,特别蚀中合金化和高合金化的镁合金组织。 (15)柠檬酸至 10克,水 100ml,棉球擦蚀 5~40s,温水冲洗,水可用酒精代替。 而镁-铈合金可更换使用等体积的 1%柠檬酸加甘油混和溶液。 (16)酒石酸至 10克,水 100ml,侵蚀 10~20s,用水和丙酮清洗。 (17)2%硝酸水溶液 10ml+5%苹果酸水溶液 10ml,侵蚀 10~30s,温水和丙酮清 洗,空气吹干。 (18)苦味酸 4克+正磷酸 0.7ml+乙醇 100ml,磨片侵入溶液不超过 10s至表面出现 斑点,然后用酒精清洗。不大放大倍数。 (19)蚁酸(甲酸)5克,硝酸 2ml,乙醇至 100ml,棉球侵蚀 5~20s,温水和丙酮 清洗,空气吹干。硝酸可从成分中除去。镁合金低倍可采用 5~10的蚁酸水溶 液。 (20)a、10%HF水溶液;b、5%苦味酸乙醇溶液 10ml+水 100ml。用溶液 a擦蚀 1~ 2s,然后用水和酒精清洗并干燥,之后用棉球涂上溶液 b,再清洗和干燥。可 以采用苦味酸水溶液。对于复杂的合金可采用添加 1~2%氯化亚锡的溶液 a。 (21)苦味酸 5克+醋酸 5ml+乙醇 100ml+水 10ml。侵蚀 5~120s。酸的比例变化可 由 1:20道 10:1。 Edited by yah 2 2、岗特•裴卓 著,李新立 译。金相侵蚀手册,科学普及出版社,1982 抛光: a、用氧化铝悬浮浆抛光时,则用极细绒布或金刚石糊(粒度 7~1 微米)抛光时,则随 后在软布上以 120ml热蒸馏水,20ml 5%酒石酸铵水溶液和 1克氧化镁细粉制成的悬浮 液轻拭。使用前,先将悬浮液粗滤。(例如可用细尼龙或细棉纱过虑)。 b、电解抛光: 250ml蒸馏水,2min,25~50oC; 300ml乙醇 96%,10V直流,Mg或 Al阴极; 400ml磷酸 1.71。 c、化学抛光:硝酸 1.40,以 3s为周期浸入硝酸液中,经大约 1min的抛光(实际效果), 然后侵蚀。纯镁。 3、H•п•费道吉耶夫,C•я格列利赫斯 著,巩德全 译。金属的电化学侵蚀、抛光和氧化, 中国工业出版社,1962 氧化电解液: 氧化操作条件 电解液 序号 电解液成分 g/l 阳极电流密 度 A/dm3 液温度 oC 槽电压 V 氧化时间 min 阴极 材料 1 铬酐 20 高锰酸钾 60 0.6 20~30 1 30 石墨 2 氢氧化钠 50 碳酸钠 50 2~3 20~30 50 50 铁 3 重铬酸钾 100 磷酸二氢钾 50 1.5~2 50~55 5~6 30~40 铅 4 氢氧化钠 50~55 磷酸三钠 30~35 1~1.5 70~75 4 30~40 铁 5 氢氧化钾 80~90 氟化钾 300 3~4 45~50 70~80 8~15 铁 4、л•я•波比洛夫,л•п•扎依采娃 著,郝启燧 译。金相磨片德电解抛光和电解浸蚀, 冶金工业出版社,1959 电解抛光: (1)磷酸,比重 1.75,400ml;酒精,380ml;水,200ml。 电流密度,20安培/公寸 2;抛光持续时间,2min。 不切断电流,将磨片取出,在冷水中洗净。磨片表面生成的膜可在硝酸中剥蚀掉。 (2)阴极为镁。 磷酸,比重 1.71,300ml;酒精,500ml;电流密度,50安培/公寸 2。 (3)25%高氯酸+75%醋酸酐。电流密度:a、对含 6%Al和 1%Zn的镁合金为 0.5安培 /公寸 2,对含 2%Mn的镁合金为 10安培/公寸 2。 (4)偏光样品制备 HCl(比重 1.19)10ml;一缩二乙二醇一乙醚 135ml。电流密度,0.1~0.15安培/公寸 2, 抛光 60s,此时样品表面有钝化膜,在流水中去掉一部分,然后再在 KOH 的弱溶液中把膜 完全去掉。将试样干燥后,重新在原电解液中再抛光 20s,再用水清洗。 Edited by yah 3 5. Recipe: 4.2g pricric+10ml acetic acid+70ml ethanol+10ml water etched for 5s [S. R. Agnew, J. A. Horfon, T. M. Lillo, D. W. Brown. Enhanced ductility in strongly textured magnesium produced by equal channel angular processing, Scripta Materialia, 2004, 377-381] 6. Recipe: Etched in 25 pct hydrochloric acid [Wonsiewicz B C and Backofen W A. Plasticity of magnesium crystals, Trans AIME, 239(1967), 1422-1431] 7. Recipe: Etched for ~10 s in a solution of 5 (by volume) nitric acid, 15 acetic acid, 20 water and 60% ethanol [K. Pettersen, N. Ryum, Metall. Trans. A 20A (1989) 847–852] 8. For EBSD mapping and texture measurement, the specimens were mechanically polished with a colloidal silica slurry and etched with a solution of 10 ml HNO3, 30 ml acetic acid, 40 ml H2O and 120 ml ethanol for about 10s. For optical observation of the microstructure, the specimens were immersed in a chemical polishing solution comprising 10% nital (20 ml nitric acid and 180 ml ethanol) for 30–60 s and were then etched with acetic picral (6 g picric acid, 100 ml ethanol, 5 ml acetic acid and 10 ml water) for 10–30s. [Zohreh Keshavarz, Matthew R. Barnett. EBSD analysis of deformation modes in Mg–3Al– 1Zn, Scripta Materialia, 55 (2006) 915–918] 9. For OM observation and twin observation for SEM/EBSP method, the optimum etching condition was chemical polishing with 20% hydrochloric acid ethanol and 5% nitric acid ethanol. For SEM/EBSP analysis, the optimum etching condition was chemical polishing with a mixture of, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and dehydrated ethanol of 1:2:7 in volume ratio. [Chou J-T, Shimauchi H, Ikeda K, Yoshida F, Nakashima H. Preparation of samples using a chemical etching for SEM/EBSP method in a pure magnesium polycrystal and analysis of its twin boundaries, Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals, v 55, n 3, March 2005, 131-6] 10. Mechanical grinding was followed by diamond and colloidal silica polishing. Samples were then etched for ~10 s in a solution of 5 (by volume) nitric acid, 15 acetic acid, 20 water and 60%ethanol [K. Pettersen, N. Ryum, Metall. Trans. A 20A (1989) 847–852 / M.R. Barnett, M.D. Nave, C.J. Bettles. Deformation microstructures and textures of some cold rolled Mg alloys, Materials Science and Engineering A, 386 (2004), 205–211]. 11. Between each step, the samples have to be cleaned carefully in an ultrasonic bath. For final chemical polishing and etching we have tried various solutions, depending on the alloy and degree of deformation, for example, mixtures of: a. nitric acid in methanol (volume ratio 1:50) b. nitric acid and hydrochloric acid in methanol (volume ratios between 2:1:7 and 1:2:7) c. nitric acid, acetic acid, ethanol and ethyl glycol (volume ratios about 1:10:10:30) d. acetic acid and picric acid in ethanol (volume ratios about 1:1:10). As well as electrochemical polishing in: Edited by yah 4 e. nitric acid in methanol (volume ratio 1:2) f. perchloric acid in ethanol (volume ratios from 1:9 to 1:5) [R A Schwarzer. The Preparation of Mg, Cd and Zn Samples for Crystal Orientation Mapping with BKD in an SEM, Microscopy Today, 15 (2007), 40-42] 12. The billets were cut in halves along the extrusion direction and mechanically grinded on abrasive paper down to 1200 mesh using standard metallographic techniques. Final chemical polishing was done by dipping the samples for 15s in a mixture of 2% HNO3 in waterless methanol. [R A Schwarzer. Local texture and back-end defect in hot extruded AZ91 magnesium alloy, Z. Metallkd, 96 (9)(2005),1005-1008] 13. Following this operation, a colloidal silica polish was performed. Specimens were then etched with a solution of 10 ml HNO3, 30ml acetic acid, 40 ml H2O and 120 ml ethanol for 5 s. [Lan Jiang, John J Jonas, Alan A Luo, etal. Influence of {10⎯11} extension twinning on the flow behavior of AZ31 Mg alloy, Materials Science and Engineering A, 445–446 (2007), 302–309]
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