语言学概论QUIZ 1(答案）

上海电力学院2011-2012学年第二学期 《语言学概论》Quiz 1 I. Define the following terms. 3’*5=15’ 1. Duality It means that language is a system, which consists of two levels of structures, at the lower level there is the structure of sounds; at the higher level there is the structure of words. 2. Suprasegmental features It refers to aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments, including stress, tone and intonation. 3. Minimal pairs When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair, such as “fish” and “dish”, “fine” and “dine”. 4. Deletion rule The phonological rule that makes a sound silent although it is orthographically represented, it is called deletion rule._____________________ 5. Immediate constituent analysis Immediate constituent analysis may be defined as the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents – word groups or phrases, which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached. Such a process of analysis of sentence structure is known as IC Analysis.__________________________________ II. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. 20’ 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B. 拉丁语族：包括法语、意大利语、西班牙语、葡萄牙语和罗马尼亚语等。 日耳曼语族：包括英语、德语、荷兰语、斯堪的纳维亚半岛各主要语言。 汉语普通话:汉-西藏语系汉语族北方语支 英语:印度-欧罗巴语系日耳曼语族西日耳曼语支 汉语-汉藏语系，Sino-Tibetan Language 英语-印欧语系，Indo-European Language 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. A III. Fill in each of the following blanks with a proper word. 20’ 1. The study of sounds is divided into three main branches: __ articulatory __ auditory____ and __ acoustic ______ phonetics, each dealing with one part of the process of speech production and perception. 2. The difference between a consonant and a vowel lies in whether there is air _obstruction_______ in the production of them. 3. The property of ___displacement_______ of language provides a speaker with an opportunity to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and place. 4. In English, the study of phonology has so far mainly found three phonological rules. They are _sequential __ __assimilation__ and __deletion___rules. 5. “Careless” is the _stem____of the word “carelessness”; “Gentle” is the __root___ of the word “gentlemanliness”. 6. In conducting a tree diagram analysis, the principle we have to stick to is called __binary______ division. 7. For any natural language, a set of _syntactic_____ rules are capable of yielding an endless number of sentences. 8. Morphology can be subdivided into two branches: _inflectional______ morphology and __derivational______ morphology. 9. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called _voicing_______, which is a feature of all vowels and some consonants. When the vocal cords do cause vibration, the sound produced are _voiced_____; otherwise they are named __voiceless_____ sounds. IV. Give the phonetic symbol for each of the sound descriptions, or give the phonetic features of each of the sounds given. (2’ x 5 + 3’ x 5 = 25 ’) 1 front, close, unrounded, lax / I / 2 voiceless dental fricative / θ / 3 central, semi-close, unrounded, tense / ə: / 4 voiced velar stop / g / 5 back, open, unrounded, tense / a: / 6 / n / ____ alveolar nasal， voiced _______________ 7 / i: / ___high, front, tense, unrounded_____________ 8 / u / ____high, back, rounded, lax _______________ 9 / ə / ____central, mid, unrounded, lax_ 10 / w /