新目标大学英语系列教材：综合教程第四册 主编 刘正光 胡志雯

新目标大学英语系列教材：综合 教程 人力资源管理pdf成真迷上我教程下载西门子数控教程protel99se入门教程fi6130z安装使用教程 第四册主编刘正光胡志雯第一单元KeytoExercisesText AReadingComprehension1. A.ThebackgroundGood-lookingpeoplehave advantages inmanyways.TheproblemWhatcantherestofusdoFormerpracticesTojudgeourlooks1)byourselves,friendsorfamilya.We’renotevencloseto objective.b.Ouropinionisalso capricious.2)bystrangers，.,the“HotorNot”WebsiteItisnotexactlythebestwayto bolsteryourself-image.Theauthor’smajorpointAninternalmakeover doesthejob:Understandingyourown powerful self-perceptionscanhelpyoustopobsessingoveryour appearance---and lookbetter.B.CommonmythsArgumentsfortheauthor’smajorpoint1)Asaresultofthe “contrastEffect”,our self-conceptsarebuilton thousandsofcomparisons.a.Womenareparticularlysusceptibletothiseffect.Butasamatteroffacttheytakeadoublestandard: anidealized standardofbeautyintermsofphysicalattractiveness; amoremundanestandard intermsofintelligence.b.Onewhoscoreshighon“publicself-consciousness”judgeshisorherownappearance morecritically whenself-aware.Theytendto comparethemselvesexclusivelywithverygood-lookingpeople —andfeelespeciallydownafterdoingso.2)Apictureofourselves builtinchildhoodishardtogetoutofourmindsin adulthood.a.Our “internalmirrors” areoftenshapedbyourparents.b.There’snodirectlinebetween childhoodexperiencesandadultself-image.C.Onceyouletgoofthatself-consciousness,youcaninteractwithoutitgettingintheway. 2. A.2)ouropinionofourownlooks  3)self-appraisal  4)self-image5)self-judgment   6)self-concept   7)self-aware8)self-consciousness   9)apictureofourselvesB.2)asysteminsideone’sbrainthathelpsgatherdatafortheself-judgmentofone’sappearance.3)Itreferstowhatpsychologistscallthebuilt-inhot-or-notmeter.4)Inpsychology,itreferstothemeasuresofapersonalitytraitinpublic.5)thepsychologicalsystemthattendstooverstateorunderstateaparticularpersonalitytrait.ReadingandDiscussing3.1)Becausethesocialstatusofwomenisoftencontingentupontheirfacesandbodies,theyareparticularlysusceptibletothe“contrasteffect”.2)Yes.Withcorrectunderstandingofyourself,youknowexactlywhatyoureallywanttodo,whatyoucando,andwhatlevelyoucanreach.Withacleargoal, strongdeterminationanddiligence,youwillsucceedoneday.LanguageinUse4.A.No.NounVerbAdjectiveAdverb1anonymity/anonymousanonymously2liability/liable/3susceptibility/susceptiblesusceptibly4exclusiveness/exclusionexcludeexclusiveexclusively5evolutionevolveevolutionaryevolutionarily6adolescence/adolescent/7exception/exceptionalexceptionally8contentioncontendcontendingcontendingly9gleamgleamgleamygleamingly10validationvalidatevalid/B.1)a.exceptionally   b.exceptional2)a.anonymous   b.anonymously3)a.validate      b.validation4)a.susceptible   b.susceptibility5)a.adolescents     b.Adolescence6)a.gleamed     b.gleam7)a.liable       b.Liability8)a.exclusive    b.exclusively5.1)comparewith     2)zeroinon            3)arefixatedon4)getintheway    5)inafavorablelight    6)fixmyselfup6. A. 1)self-discipline 2)self-propelled 3)self-evident4)self-motivated 5)self-assured 6)self-employed7)self-critical 8)self-destruct 9)self-made10)self-centered 11)self-abandoned 12)self-organizeB.1)self-motivated 2)self-perceptions 3)self-evident4)self-organize 5)self-employed 6)self-critical7)self-made 8)self-centered 9)self-destruct10)self-assured;self-conscious7.1)a.estimate  b.appraise  c.evaluate  d.assessed2)a.declared  b.announced  c.broadcast3)a.cancelled b.withdrew  c.abolished4)a.stimulate b.motivated  c.activates5)a.synthesize b.combine  c.incorporate8.1)……即使在同一个晚上，在一个聚会上我们可能感觉自己是众人瞩目的焦点，但在下一个聚会上也许感觉自己十分卑微。2)这叫内心重塑力：明白自我感受的强大力量，有助于你不因外表而烦恼——看上去也就更漂亮。3)这种社会比较不仅仅只是出现在你特意仔细观察路人时，而是一直在自发地进行着。4)相比而言，男女在评估智商时，都不会拿自己跟爱因斯坦比较，而倾向采用一个更普通的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 。5) 当有这种比较意识时，如在同事面前做一个展示时，人们都会更加苛刻地评判自己的外貌。9.Researchhasshownthatinbothsexesandacrossnumerouscultures,especiallyfromadolescence,good-lookingpeopleareoftenevaluatedtobeoneswithexceptionalpersonalitytraits.WhyshouldthisbesoSomepeoplehaveperceivedthatsinceitispleasurabletomeetsomeonewithattractivephysicalappearanceandsomeonewithgoodmoralcharacter,weautomaticallymixthemup.Butthisstatementdoesnotseemtobeobjective.ThestudiesbyDr.SampoPaunonenoftheUniversityofWesternOntariorevealthatpeoplewhoweredescribedasbeingmorehonestwereratedasmorelikable,andthemorelikable,themorephysicallyattractive.TextBReadingComprehension1.MainideaofTextBTopicofeachpartFactsoropinionsMental imagingwould helpyoubea winner.Mental imaginghelps Garfieldsucceed.a.GarfieldlearnedanewwaytoboostperformanceinMilan.(F)b.Garfieldsucceededwiththatnewway.(F)c.WhatGarfielddidwasimaging.(O/F)Paras.4-8Successfulpeopleinmanyfieldsuseimaging.a.IraSharliprunsa“motionpicture”oftheprocedureinhismindthenightbeforeadifficultoperation.(F)b.Professionalathleteshavebeenvisualizingfordecadesandswear byit.(F)c.BothBillBatesandgolferJackNicklauspracticementally.(F)d.Garfieldhasconductedresearchonbusinessleaders'mental imaging.(F)Paras.9-15Thewaysinwhichwecanput thispowerfultooltowork.a.Adetailedmentalimageofsuccessismorethanjustwishful thinking.(F/O)b.Thoughithelps,imagingisn'tasubstituteforactionbuta supplementtoit.(F/O)c.Thereareseveralwaystoputmentalimagingtowork:torelax,to getintherightmood,toapplyitineverydaybusinessconcerns,not toexpectinstantresults,andnottofretifyourimagesaren'tclear. (F/O)Thereason whymentalrehearsalworksisstillunclear.Nobodyknowspreciselywhymentalrehearsalworks,butthosewhoputittouseareconvinceditdoes.(F)LanguageinUse2.1)a.rehearsing  b.rehearsals2)a.visualization  b.visualize3)a.ignition  b.ignited4)a.endeavor  b.endeavor5)a.initiate  b.initial3.A.1)abideby 2)standby    3)stuckby 4)swearsbyB.1)puttodeath 2)puttothetest    3)puttowork 4)puttouse4.1)他说：“每次挥杆前，我都会在头脑中清晰地构想这个过程。”2)问题的关键是真正去做一件事。3)加菲尔德说，心像排练最适合应用于电话销售、做 演讲 办公室主任竞聘演讲中层竞聘演讲护士长竞聘演讲演讲比赛活动要求对演讲比赛的点评 、参与会面等日常业务问题中。4)《创意想象》一书的作者沙克蒂•高文说：“最重要的是让创意想象成为你生活的一个固定部分。”5)还有，如果意象不清晰，你不要着急。WritingExercise11)Forthepasttwoyears,noorderhasbeengiventous.2)Weareafraidthatwecannotcomplywithyourrequest.3)Wouldyoupleasecompareourgoodswiththoseofotherfirms4)Wehopeyouwilleffectafullstatementofourclaim.5)Werequestyourimmediatepayment.6)Wepresumethattheremustbesomereasonforyourhavingtroublewiththisdelivery.7)Wewillbegladtorefundwhenreturneditemsarecleanandresalable.8)WewouldliketomakeitclearthatweonlyacceptL/Cforfurthertransactions.第二单元ListeningandSpeaking1.About10,000yearsago,manassumedthe1) habitofliving inmoreorlesspermanentsettlements,andhisrelationshipstotheanimalworldbegantoundergo2) profoundchanges.Atthesametime,greatclimaticchanges,andperhaps3) humanactivities aswell,hadreducedmanylargermammalianspecies,especiallythoseusedasfood,toverysmallpopulations.Major4) extinctionevents begantooccur.Inresponsetodwindlingandunreliableresources,5) humanagriculturaltechnology developed.Humansbegantomovefromhunter/gathermodetoamodeofactively6) domesticating plantsandanimalsforfoodresources.Thesecondgreatsurgeinhumanprogresswithitsensuingincreaseinpopulationoccurredwhenmanlearnedhowto7) cultivateplants andtameanddomesticateanimalsatlevelsthatallowedforthedevelopmentoflargersettlements.Humanplantgatheringactivitieshadledto8) intimateknowledge ofplantproductivitycycles,andhumanhuntersundoubtedlyhadoftentakenyoungcanineanimalsintotheircampsaspetsandcompanions.Theywouldhavebecome9) familiarwith theanimalgrowthandbreedingcycles,diseasesandbehaviorsoftheseyounganimals.Theanimalswouldhavebenefitedfromtheavailabilityoffoodandshelter.Itseemssafetospeculatethattheywouldhavebondedandgrewtobehuntingassistantstotheir10) humancompanions astheywouldhaveintheprogenitor’spack.2.TipsEndangeredanimalsareanimalsthatareindangerofbecomingextinct.Animalsareidentifiedasbeingendangeredeitherbecausetherearealreadytoofewofthemlivinginthewild,orevenincaptivity;orbecausetheircontinuedexistenceisthreatenedbyachangingenvironmentwhichresultsinthemlosingaccesstoadequatefoodorlivingconditions.Thewaytounderstandwhatismeantby“toofew”isthattheirreproductiveratesarelowerthantheirmortalityrates.Theindustrializationofhumansocietiesandtheglobalizationofthehumanculturehaveresultedindramaticenvironmentalchangesinthepasttwocenturies.Thesechangeshavebeentoofastfortoomanyoftheearth’screaturestosurvive.Althoughmanyanimalshavebeenendangeredthroughtheages,thethreattoanimalsisgreaternowthaneverbefore.TextAReadingComprehension1.A.Theinterviewee’spersonalinformationJaneGoodall,76yearsold,isaworld-famousprimatologist.HerresearchShestudiesanimalbehaviorandanimalemotionsamongthewildchimpanzees.HermajorachievementSherevolutionizedourunderstandingofanimalbehaviorandprovedthatthedifferencebetweenhumansandapesisoneofdegree,notofkind.ThesubjectoftheinterviewHerresearchonwildchimpanzees.B.ParagraphsFocusesoftheinterviewKeypointsofJaneGoodwill’sresponsesParas.6-13Thepurpose:to preservetheendangeredspeciesThemethods:1)captivebreeding2)actionsoftheanimalrightsgroupofPETA3)vegetarianism1)Shedoesn'tlikecaptivebreeding,butitdoeshelptheendangeredanimals surviveandbreed inthewild.2)Shedoesn’tsupportthe extremeactions ofPETA.3)Heavymeateatingisdamagingto theenvironmentandhumanhealth.Paras.4-5,14-15HernewdiscoveriesaboutthewildchimpanzeesDifferencesbetweenhumanbeingsandchimpanzees:1)Verysmalldifference(biologically):onlyabouta1percentdifferenceinDNA;2)Bigdifference(intellectually):human's spokenlanguage,whichtriggersthedevelopmentofintellect,auniqueabilityto discussandshare ourfeelings,theabilitythatenablesustodevelopa moralcode.Similaritiesbetweenhumanbeingsandchimpanzees:1)Fromtheanatomicalperspective:Almost thesame,thoughthehumanbrainisbigger.2)Fromthepsychologicalperspective:Chimpanzeessharethehumana.qualitieslike love,compassion,andaltruism;b. feelingsandemotions likehappinessandsadness,fearanddespair,anger,andothers;3)Fromtheintellectualperspective:Chimpanzeeshaveintellectualabilitiesoncethoughttobeuniquetohumanbeings:understandabstractsymbols,generalize,andlearnsighlanguage.Paras.16-19Thecurrentsituation1)Thesituationoftheplanetisworseoffinmostwaysbecauseofthe soaringpopulation and damagetotheecosystem.2)Anumberofmenexpresstheirloveandrespecttoherforherworkwiththechimpanzees.Paras.20-21TheprospectsofthefutureThereishopeifwe keeptrying.2.1)animalbehavior 2)aninterview 3)characteristics4)qualities 5)emotions 6)spokenlanguage7)degree 8)captivebreeding 9)surviveandbreed10)ecosystem 11)pioneering 12)worseoffReadingandDiscussing3.Forreference1)Becausetheyarenotcapableofevil,suchasdeliberatetorture.Theydonothavetheintellecttothinkthisway.2)Open-ended.LanguageinUse4.1)triggers 2)isolation 3)compassion 4)diminish 5)extinct6)formulated 7)Captive 8)inflicting 9)intellect 10)alternates5.1)infavourof 2)Thebottomline 3)betteroff4)asisthecasewith 5)ontheroad 6)asalastresort7)worseoff 8)thinktwice6.1)aresentmentagainstherparents 2)getmorelaughter3)tortureonhim 4)theevolutionofdozensofspecies5)Thechargeofrape 6)gotthefirstplace7.1)a.dead b.vanished c.extinct2)a.intense b.concentrated c.Intensive3)a.brilliant b.intelligent c.smart4)a.exact b.precise c.accurate8.Referencetranslation1)如果我们相信人类和黑猩猩源自共同的祖先，那么，人性的阴暗和高贵这两种特质可能都是经过漫长历史演化而来的。2)在我看来，他们的这种极端态度已不能奏效，同时还败坏了包括我在内的动物保护者的名声。3)当生态系统里的某个物种消失了，如臭虫，而结果它又是另一种生物的主要食物来源。4)它们或多或少知道正在给他人带来痛苦。但我认为只有人类具有作恶的能力，例如使用酷刑。黑猩猩没有这样的思维能力。5)是的，我对未来充满希望，但是——而且是一个很大的“但是”——只有当我们每个人都付出努力。只有当人类意识到我们每个人每天都在对地球产生影响。9.ReferencetranslationJaneGoodallbeganstudyingthechimpanzeecommunityinGombeStreamNationalPark,Tanzania,in1960.Withoutprofessionaltrainingtodirectherresearch,Goodallobservedthingsthatstrictscientificdoctrinesmayhaveoverlooked.Insteadofnumberingthechimpanzeessheobserved,shegavethemnamessuchasFifiandDavidGreybeard,andfoundtheyhaduniqueandindividualpersonalities.Goodall’sresearchatGombeStreamisbestknowntothescientificcommunityforchallengingtwolong-standingbeliefsoftheday:thatonlyhumanscouldmakeandusetools,andthatchimpanzeeswerevegetarians.TextBReadingComprehension1.1)spreadingthewordabout“thecrisisfacingthesesocial,sensitive,passionatelyintense,playful,complex,exceedinglyintelligentandendangeredcreatures”2)theirsizesandspecies3)theyarequiteconsciouslytogether,eachpacingherselftotheother’sgaitandwaitingfortheothertocatchup4)stoodvigiloutsidethebuilding,knowingthatherfriendwasinside5)sawpastthethingstheydidn’thaveincommonandfoundineachothercommongroundenoughLanguageinUse2.1)paradise;venue 2)circuses;overwhelming 3)shepherd;stray4)companionship;companion 5)chronically;chronic 6)refugees;refuge7)resumed;resumption8)immobile;mobility3.1)hasbeenheldinhighregard 2)paytributeto 3)comeintopossession4)haveincommon 5)madeitsappearance4.Referencetranslation霍恩沃尔德位于纳什维尔（田纳西州首府）以南，这片区域广阔无垠，有森林和湖泊。大象保护区就坐落在这片乡村乐园中，1995年建立，面积为2700英亩，为大象提供了天然栖息的庇护所。在这片保护区中，“年老、体弱以及需要帮助的大象能够再一次有尊严、安详地生活着”。保护区的第二要务就是要让人知道“这些友好、敏感、情感炽烈、调皮、复杂而又极聪明的濒危生物正面临着一场劫难”。WritingExercise11.Thereportanalyzedthenewproduct.2.Atyourrequest,wesentyouthreecataloguesbyexpressyesterday.3.Thankyouforyourneworderlastweek.4.HereturnedinearlyAugust.5.Mr.SmithprefersFrenchwines.6.WedrovedownLombardStreet,thecrookedeststreetintheworld.7.Agiantpinetreeonthetopofthemountaintoweredoverthetreesaroundit.8.Pleasereplybyemailimmediatelyifyouwillallowustodelaytheshipmentfor20days.第三单元TextAReadingComprehension1.Topic:organicarchitectureOriginoforganicarchitectureo inspiredbythenon-linearityandcreativeforcesofnatureandbiologicalorganisms;o startedoutofWright’sbeliefabouttherelationshipbetweenaproductanditsplace,itstime,itsenvironmentanditsfunction:acohesiveorganism.Philosophyoforganicarchitecturepromotesharmonybetweenhumanhabitationandthenaturalworldthroughdesignapproaches.Mainfeaturesoforganicarchitectureo suggestingnaturalformscharacterizedbywavylinesandcurvedshapeso embodyingharmonyofplace,personandmaterialso reflectingthefemininewayofthinkingprevalentinveryoldtraditionso incorporatingnaturalelementssuchaslight,plants,andwaterintohisdesignso embracingnewmaterials,machinery,andtechnologiesSummary:Althoughalwayscontroversialanddifficulttopindown,organicarchitectureisdiverse,perverse,contradictoryandmercurial,rootedinapassionforlife,nature,andnaturalforms,fullofthevitalityofthenaturalworld,withitsbiologicalformsandprocessessympathetictothehumanbody,mind,andspirit.2.1)theearlytwentiethcentury;swoopingarcheswithoutvisiblebeamsorpillars;tonewheights2)reflected;EarthMothergoddesscults3)reflection;givespreference4)allies;inoppositionto;integrity5)recognizable;representative6)modern;traditional;rediscovering:ofspeechNounVerbAdjectiveAdverb1literalness/literalliterally2incorporationincorporateincorporated/3correlationcorrelatecorrelated/4cohesioncoherecohesivecohesively5complementcomplementcomplementarycomplementarily6dominancedominatedominantdominantly7prevalenceprevailprevalentprevalently8manifestmanifestmanifestmanifestly9masculinemasculinizemasculine/10ideologyideologizeideologicalideologicallyB.· o 1)manifestedo 2)complementedo 3)prevalento 4)cohesiveo 5)correlateso 6)masculineo 7)dominanto 8)literallyo 9)incorporatedo 10)ideological5.A.1)a.hasopenedupb.freeupc.freeup/openup2)a.clearup/cleanupb.cleanupc.clearup3)a.showingupb.isturningupc.showedup/turnedup4)a.stayupb.sitsupc.satup/stayedupB.1)pinneddown2)thoughtout3)integratedwith4)stretchingbackto5)isrootedin6.1)isfullofthevitalityofthenaturalworldwithitsbiologicalformsandprocesses2)todesignandmodelsophisticatedshapesandforms3)mustbesympathetictotheneedsofwomentobalanceworkandfamilylife4)Farfromseeingnewmaterials,machinery,andtechnologiesinoppositiontonature5)tofreeupmoreresourceswhileitmaynothavetheresourcestoprovideafreeeducationforallchildren 7.1)a.inb.withc.tod.on2)a.withb.onc.ind.to3)a.aboutb.ofc.aboutd.in4)a.ofb.forc.ind.in/at5)a.betweenb.ofc.aboutd.in8.Referencetranslation1) 它是一种建筑理念，旨在促进自然环境与人类居所间的和谐，其 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 思路是将建筑、家具摆饰以及周边环境协调一致，融为一体。2) 本质上，有机建筑主张建筑中每一元素都应有它的位置与价值，从窗户到地板，甚至到填补空间的每一张椅子。各元素彼此息息相关，反映出自然系统的共生秩序。3) 有机建筑暗合自然界的形状，多曲线和弧形，少直线和生硬的几何形状。4) 有机建筑受自然界与生物有机体的非线性特征和创造力的启发，在视觉上显得富含诗意而激进，独特且环保，将环境、人与 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 和谐统一。多元随性的有机建筑总能带来意外惊喜。5) 有机建筑是一种活的传统，如今正展现出令人激动的新趋势。但它并没有形成统一的流派，而是风格多样，不循常规，反差强烈，机智活泼。9.ReferencetranslationTheTempleofHeavenwasthevenueforemperorsoftheMingandQingDynastiestooffersacrificestotheheavenandprayforgoodharvest.Itisroundinthenorthandsquareinthesouth,implying“roundheavenandsquareearth”.Coveringanareaof273hectares,itisdividedbytwoenclosedwallsintotheInnerAltarandtheOuterAltar.PrincipalbuildingscongregatewithintheInnerAltar.TheInnerAltarisalsopartitionedbyawallintotwogroupsofbuildings.ThenorthstructureistheAltarofPrayingforBumperCropswiththeHallofPrayerforGoodHarvestsastheprincipalbuildingusedtoprayinspringforabumperharvestintheyear.ThesouthstructureistheCircularMoundAltarusedtoworshipHeavenatthewintersolsticewheretheprincipalconstructionisalargeroundmarbleterracenamedtheCircularMound.AmasterpieceoftheMingandQingarchitecturalartandapreciousexampleofChina’sancientarchitecture,TheTempleofHeavenisthelargestarchitecturalgroupforworshippingHeavenintheworld.In1998,itwasrecognizedbytheUNESCOasaWorldCulturalHeritage. 第四单元LanguageinUse4.1)flipped    2)productivity  3)exaggeration  4)customized   5)fabricating6)prototypes 7)largely     8)entrepreneurs  9)painstaking  10)transitions5.  1)slidalong   2)paydividends  3)getinonthegroundfloor    4)aturningpoint  5)asinkingship6)thebestofbothworlds6. 1)she(should)signupforabeautycompetition2)istoofixatedonhisorherownappearancetobecriticalofyours3)aresaidtobehardtochange,astheirpersonalpridetendstogetin      thewayofunderstandingothersandtheworldaroundthem4)presenttheJonSultanWritingAwardtoafirst-yearstudentwho         showsexceptionaltalent,versatility,andpotentialasawriter7.1)a.adoptedthreechildrenb.adoptedanovelapproachc.adoptingthenewconstitution2)a.appliedthisprincipleb.applyingaspecialcreamc.applyhisbrakes3)a.developitstourismindustryb.developedachroniccoughc.developnewcommunicationsoftware4)a.runamarathonb.runningabusinessc.runsummercourses5)a.recoveredfullconsciousnessb.recovercompensationc.recoveredthestolenmasterpieces6)a.sparednoeffortsb.sparedourhousec.spareabout15minutes8.1)3D打印机不使用墨水，而是将塑料、金属、水泥、玻璃甚至巧克力等材料经过化学黏合，形成特殊的粉状基底，用作打印原料。打印材料通过打印针头沿打印轨道微量叠加而成。2)然而3D打印是将原料一点一点叠加，不用再加工，不用铸模，也不会产生浪费。3)面向客户定制，3D打印技术潜力无限。宝马车主能定制适合其臀部的座椅；枪支购买者能定做合适的手枪握把；难以买到合适尺码鞋子的消费者也能根据其尺码定制鞋子。4)由于增材制造法能将设计、制造和样品调试瞬间完成，所有产业的创新周期都将大幅缩短。5)3D技术的最大贡献在于，它改变了所有产品的生产过程，让我们的日常生活更加便利美好。第一，3D打印技术的非凡之处在于，它很大程度上取代了制造过程中的体力劳动。第二，3D打印能降低损耗，因为增材制造不会造成任何原材料的浪费，损耗减少意味着利润增加。第三，3D打印方便本土生产。正如我在上文所提到的，不再需要将原材料运至中国加工后再将成品运回美国。实际上，3D打印这一技术极有可能扼制中国出口过盛的势头。9.Referencetranslation      AsoneofthefourgreatinventionsofancientChina,typographywhichbeganfromthewoodblockprintinginSuiDynastyevolvedintoamovable-typeafterBiSheng’sdevelopmentandimprovementinthereignofEmperorRenzonginSongDynasty.Afterthat,itwasintroducedintoEuropebytheMongolians,soBiShengwasregardedasthepioneeroftypography.Chinesetypography,whichcreatedpossibilityforthewidedisseminationandexchangeofknowledge,istheforerunnerofmodernhumancivilization.IthasbeenintroducedtoNorthKorea,Japan,CentralAsia,WestAsiaandEurope.Around1450,Gutenberg,aGerman,whowasinfluencedbytheChinesemovable-typeprinting,inventedmovablealloytypesforalphabetsandusedtheminprintingbooks.However,Gutenberg’suseofmovable-typeprintingwasover400yearsbehindBiSheng’suse.CTRL+A全选可调整字体属性及字体大小-CAL-FENGHAI.NetworkInformationTechnologyCompany.2020YEAR