公共管理英语(修订版)-顾建光-教学内容

公共管理英语(修订版)PublicManagementEnglish顾建光主编4.StateandMarketWordsandExpressionsprivatesector私营部门，民营部门togenerate产生，造成judicialservices法律服务know-hown.技术秘诀regulationn.管制oversightn.疏忽，失察entrepreneurn.企业家grossnationalincome(GNI)国民总收入Euromoneyn.欧洲货币4.StateandMarketWordsandExpressionscreditworthinessn.信贷价值publicsector公共部门vibrant充满活力的，活跃的tolevy征税progressivityn.进步incentiven.动机monopolyn.垄断budgetn.预算accessibilityn.可达性，可获得性affordabilityn.可承担，可负担性stark完全的，巨大的4.StateandMarketCreatingtheConditionsforPrivateSectorDevelopmentPrivatefirmsgeneratejobsandbringgrowthtotheentireeconomy,thebiggestfactorinreducingpoverty.Buttodosotheyneedasoundinvestmentclimate—withgoodmacroeconomicmanagement,tradeandinvestmentpoliciesthatpromoteopenness,andgoodqualityinfrastructureandservices.Theyalsoneedalegalandregulatorysystemthatsupportsthedaytodayoperationsoffirmsbyprotectingpropertyrights,promotingaccesstocredit,andensuringefficienttax,customs,andjudicialservices.4.StateandMarket学生试译：4.StateandMarketTelecommunicationshasreceivedthelargestshareofinvestmentinprojectswithprivateparticipation(44percentofthetotalin19902001),withwaterandsanitation,considereda“basicneeds”sector,receivingonlyasmallfraction(5percent).学生试译：4.StateandMarketThecaseforcreatingagoodinvestmentclimateissimple:aneconomyneedsapredictableenvironmentinwhichpeople,ideas,andmoneycanworktogetherproductivelyandefficiently.Countriesshouldfocusonimprovingtheinvestmentclimatefordomesticentrepreneurs,butabetterinvestmentclimatewillalsoattractforeigninvestors.4.StateandMarket学生试译：4.StateandMarketDesigningPublicSectorPoliciestoEnhancePrivateActivityAsglobalcompetitionhasincreasedinthepasttwodecades,thegovernmentsofmanydevelopingcountrieshaveshiftedtheirfocusfromtryingtopreservejobsinastagnantpublicsectortocreatingjobsinavibrantprivatesector.Governmentsarenowinthebusinessofdesigningandimplementinggoodpoliciesandstronginstitutionsthatenhancethebusinessandinvestmentclimate.4.StateandMarket学生试译：4.StateandMarketGovernmentfunctionsandpoliciesaffectmanyareasofsocialandeconomiclife:healthandeducation,naturalresourcesandenvironmentalprotection,fiscalandmonetarystability,andflowsoftrade.Datarelatedtothesetopicsarepresentedintherespectivesections.Thissectionprovidesdataonkeypublicsectoractivities:taxpolicy,exchangerates,anddefenseexpenditures.4.StateandMarket学生试译：。4.StateandMarketTappingtheBenefitsofInfrastructure,Information,andTelecommunicationsHighqualityinfrastructureandotherbusinessserviceshelpdeterminethesuccessofmanufacturingandagriculturalbusinesses.Investmentsinwater,sanitation,energy,housing,andtransportimprovehealthandeducationandhelpreducepoverty.Andnewinformationandcommunicationstechnologiesoffervastopportunitiesforeconomicgrowth,improvedhealth,betterservicedelivery,learningthroughdistanceeducation,andsocialandculturaladvances.4.StateandMarket学生试译：4.StateandMarketEssentialtobuildingaknowledgeeconomyisensuringaccessforalltocomputersandtheInternet.Thedigitaldividebetweenrichandpooreconomies—thegapinaccesstoinformationandcommunicationstechnology—remainswide,withhighincomeeconomieshaving416personalcomputersper1,000peopleandlowincomeeconomiesonly6per1,000.Evenso,ownershipofpersonalcomputersisgrowingtwiceasfastindevelopingasinhighincomeeconomies.Largegapsalsoexistamongdevelopingregions4.StateandMarket学生试译：1.OpeningAdministrationtothePublic4.StateandMarket(Source:WorldBank,WorldDevelopmentIndicators2003,2002.)WordsandExpressions