上海市徐汇区2022届高三二模-英语试题【含答案】

高中英语自评样本2022.04（时间120分钟总分140分）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionAShortConversationsDirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Chicago.B.SanFrancisco.C.Boston.D.London.2.A.February13rd.B.February27th.C.March1st.D.March3rd.3.A.Motherandson.B.Policemanandthief.C.Bossandsecretary.D.Dentistandpatient.4.A.Shelovesthisbeautifulworld.B.Sheprefersthejunkfoodsomuch.C.Shewantstoenjoythebeautyoftheworld.D.Shehasnoreasontocherishthejunk.5.A.Becausesheneedsthemoneytopayforhertravelingabroad.B.Becauseshewantstohelpthemaninhissupermarket.C.Becauseshecangetmorecashesforhereducationincollege.D.Becauseshelikestheman’soffertohelpinthesupermarket.6.A.Thebearfeelshotatthemoment.B.Thebearstretchesitsbodyforexercise.C.Thebearconservesfatforthecomingwinter.D.Thebearmustbeenjoyingthesunshine.7.A.Heisdoingwellinhisproject.B.Hedoesn’tthinkhighlyofthefutureofhisproject.C.Hebelievestherearestillhopes.D.Hehopestobeslimmerafterdoingtheproject.8.A.Thewoman’sideaistobewellconductedunderaniceplan.B.Thewoman’sideaistoofreshtobepractical.C.Thewoman’sproposalisn’tfreshenough.D.Thewoman’sprojectishardtorealize.共13页第1页9.A.Thegirlisinterestedinthosehome-grownflowers.B.Thegirlislikelytopasstheflowerstoherfather.C.Thefatheristohelpgrowsomeflowersinthegarden.D.Thefatherisreadytotalktothegirl’steacher.10.A:Theyhaveatalkabouttheolddays.B.Theyhaveadrinkwheretheymetthefirsttime.C.Theyhavethosegoodolddaysback.D.Theyhaveanewcaféopenedwheretheymetfirstly.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Beingararefish,thevaquitaisattheedgeofextinction.B.Generally,avaquita’slifeexpectationisovertwodecades.C.Geneticmodificationcouldbetheonlywaytosavevaquitas.D.VaquitaswerefirstdiscoveredbySpanishin1958.12.A.ItbannedthefishermenfromusingfixednetsintheGulfofCalifornia.B.Itbannedthefishermenfromfishingvaquitas.C.ItspoliceforceworkedwithSeaShepherdtofeedvaquitas.D.Itinspectedlocalfishermentostopillegalfishing.13.A.HefoundedtheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil.B.Itwasgreattotellvaquitasgoodstories.C.Allworkwouldbemeaninglesswithoutcontinuousefforts.D.Thepartiesshouldrecordtheiractionswithcameras.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Birdsindifferentpostures.B.Visitorstothoselakesandwetlands.C.NationalparksalongtheYellowRiver.D.Thelivelinessandbeautyofnature.15.A.Birds’motionsandposturesaretoostunning.B.Badweatherandsometerriblewildcreatures.C.Worsenedenvironmentandmisunderstanding.D.Localresidents’complaintsontheiractions.16.A.Yue’spicturesofbirdsareareflectionoftheimprovedenvironment.B.Takingpicturesofwildlifeisnotasdifficultasexpected.C.Yuegotrichthroughpostingbirdphotosonsocialmedia.D.Thelocalssetmanyhabitatsforbirdsontheirmigrationroutes.共13页第2页Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.TorequestanextensiononadeadlineB.ToreceiveadviceabouttimemanagementC.ToaskforhelpinwritingatermpaperD.Toexplainhisabsencefromhistoryclass18.A.Shewasarrestedbycampuspolice.B.Hermother’shealthconditionwasworrying.C.Shecaughtthefluandmissedschool.D.Herdogateherhistorytermpaper.19.A.Heisconfidentthatthestudent'sexcusewillbereasonable.B.Heispositivethatthestudentisabouttotellhimalie.C.Heisangrythatthestudentisaskinghimforafavor.D.Heisdoubtfulthatthestudentreallyhasarealexcuse.20.A.Thestudenthasfinishedaroughdraftofhertermpaper.B.Theprofessoragreestoletthestudentturninherpaperattheendoftheweek.C.ThestudentiswritingabouttheCivilWar.D.Thestudentaskstheprofessortocheckherwriting.II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Therituals（仪式）ofofficeworkusedtomeancommunicationwithcolleagueswasagiven.Chatsinthecoffeeroom,communalbirthdaycakesorasharedwalktothecarparkattheendofthedayprovidedbriefmomentstoconnectoutsidedailytasks.(21)__________________peopledidn’tdirectlyworktogetherorweren’tonthesameteam,employeeshadatleastsomecolleaguestoexchangeafewcasualwordswiththroughouttheworkday.Theswitchtoremotework(22)_________(change)thatrecently.Now,employeesworkviavirtualchannels:theyinteractwiththepeopletheysharetaskswith.Formany,thereisnowork-relatedreasontoseekoutcolleagues(23)_______aren’tconnectedtotheirrolesandworkloads,andmanypeople’sworkworldshaveshrunk–nomore‘justbecause’chatstothewomaninITorguyinaccounts.Colleagueswhousedtobesmall–butimportant–partsofworkers’officelivesarenoweffectivelyghosts.It’sclearthisimpactsworkers;researchshowsmanyremoteemployeesfeellessconnectedtotheirteamsandcompanies.Solvingtheproblemisdifficult–afterall,SlackingorZoomingaco-workeryoudon’tknowwell,fornowork-relatedreason,couldfeeldecidedlyodd.Yetfindingways(24)________(restore)thesepost-pandemicworkcommunities(25)__________bekeytoongoingwellbeingatwork.AstudybyateamofUSacademicsandMicrosoftresearchersanalysedemaildatasentfrom1.4billionprofessionalemailaccountsacrossthousandsoforganisations,includingMicrosoft,betweenJuly2018andNovember2020,andidentifiedsimilarresults.Organisationalsilos(组织孤岛)became(26)________(define)duringthepandemic,andthesesilosalsobecamelessconnectedtoeachother(27)________peopletalkedmainlytotheirownteammembers.Thistrendpersistedevenasthesilosthemselvesbecameunstable,forexamplewhenmembersleftthecompany.共13页第3页Whenthepandemicforcedasuddenswitchtofull-timeremotework,connectionswithcolleagueswereverydifferent.Theshiftcameasthecompanypreparedforagloballaunch,meaningtheworkloadwasintense.Insteadofbeingajoy,longvirtualmeetingswithexternalcontactsleftThomson(28)_______(drain).Interactionswithcolleagueswerereducedtodaily15-minutecheck-ins,asopposedtothecasualchatssheusedtohaveonandoffallday.“Itwasprettyproductive,(29)_________therewasn'tanydowntimeatall,”shesays.Theopportunitytochat,tojokeortohaveconversationshadbeensqueezedout.Contactwithsomeofherindirectcolleaguesandworkcontactsstoppedaltogether,(30)_________(shrink)hersocialcircleatwork.“Forthoseofuswhoaremoreextrovert,alotwaslost,”shesays.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.pressedB.candidateC.negativeD.improvementsE.technicallyF.ordinarilyG.modifiedH.reproduceI.identicalJ.effectivenessK.sufferersAfailedstudy,ahappyaccidentandapromisingtreatmentforblindnessInthetextbooks,scienceissimple.Youcomeupwithanidea,putittothetest,andthenacceptitorrejectitdependingonwhatyourexperimentsreveal.Intherealworld,though,thingsarerarelythatstraightforward,asapaperjustpublishedinScienceTranslationalMedicineshows.ThediseaseinquestionisLeberhereditaryopticneuropathy(LHON).Adefectivegeneinapatient’smitochondria—thetinystructuresthatprovideacell’senergy—causesretinalcellstodie.Thatleadstosuddenandrapidlossofsight,withmany(31)_______becominglegallyblindwithinayear.Itaffectsbetweenonein30,000andonein50,000people.Menintheir20sand30sareparticularlysusceptible.Treatmentislimitedandnotquiteeffective.Sincemostcasesarecausedbyamutation（突变）inasinglegene,LHONisagood(32)_______forgenetherapy,aformofgeneticengineeringwhichaimstoreplacethedefectivegenewithaworkingone.Withthatinmind,DrYu-Wai-Man,anophthalmologistatCambridgeUniversity,andhiscolleaguesloadedupa(an)(33)_______viruswithacorrectedcopyofthegeneandinjecteditintotheirpatients’eyes.ManyvirusescaninserttheirgenesintotheDNAoftheirhosts.Thatis(34)_______abadthing,becausecellssosubverted(破坏)producemorecopiesofthevirus.Inthiscase,thehopewasthatinfectionwouldbeagoodthing.Thedefangedviruscouldnot(35)_______.Butitwascapableofreplacingthedamagedgenewithaworkingcopy.Mostmedicalstudiesmakeuseofacontrolgroup,againstwhichthe(36)_______ofthetreatmentcanbemeasured.Here,theresearcherscontrolledtheexperimentbyinjectingonlyoneofeachpatient’seyes--chosenatrandom--withthevirus.Theothereyewasgivenashaminjection,inwhichasyringe（注射器）was(37)_______againsttheeyes,butnothingcameoutofit.Usingtwoeyesinthesamepatientmakesforaperfectcontrol:theirgeneticmake-upis(38)_______,andanyconfusinglifestylefactorsareremovedfromtheequation.共13页第4页Theresearchershadhopedtoseeabigimprovementinthetreatedeyes,comparedwiththeuntreatedones.Theydidnot,andforthatreasonthestudyfailedinitsprimaryobjective.Instead,inmorethanthree-quartersoftheirpatients,theysawsubstantial(39)_______inbotheyes.Onthefaceofit,thatwasbizarre.Onlyoneeyehadreceivedthetreatment,afterall.Thevirus,itseems,hadfoundawaytotravelfromoneeyetotheother,probablyviatheopticnerve.Althoughithadahappyoutcomeinthiscase,theprospectofagene-therapyvirustravellingtoplacesitisnotintendedtogomightworryregulators.And,thoughthestudywas(40)_______afailure,itspracticalsuccessmeansthataneffectivetreatmentforLHONmayatlastbeinreach.GenSightBiologics,thecompanythathasdevelopedthetreatment,hasalreadysentitsresultstoEurope’smedicalregulator.Ithopestohearbackbytheendof2021.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Withvigorouspromotionandextensiveparticipationoverthepasttwoyears,wastesortingisanewtrendthathasreshapedtheimageofcampusesacrossBeijing.“Inthepast,sanitationworkerssortedthegarbagenexttothetrashcansnearthedormitory,(41)_______adisgustingodor.Onwindydays,thetrashwasblowneverywhereandwealways(42)_______arounditwithourhandscoveringournoses,”saysSunJiajing,asophomoreatBeijingForestryUniversity.“Now,wearemoreactiveinclassifyingwaste.”SincearevisedguidelineonhouseholdwastedisposalinBeijingwas(43)_______onMay1,2020,manystudentshaveseentheircampusestakeonanewlookthatismorepleasant,tidyandappealing.AtBeijingForestryUniversity,aboutoneinfourstudentsaretrash-sortingvolunteers.IntheBeijingNo20HighSchool,binstorecyclewasteareplacedoneachfloorandstudentsondutywillsettheirwitstoturningtrashinto(44)______.“Ireceivedtrainingontrashclassificationbeforetakingontheroleasheadofthetrash-sortingstation.Myjobistoremindeveryonetoclassifywasteandrecycletothebest(45)______,”saysDingShuyi,astudentattheschool.AsChinapushes(46)_______the“doublereduction”educationpolicy,whichaimstoeasetheburdenof(47)_______homeworkandoff-campustutoringforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents,understandingofwastesortinghasbeenfusedintoacademicteachingviavariousinnovativeapproaches.“OurChineseteachersencouragestudentstowritepoetries(48)_______onwasteclassification,mathteachersleadthemtodomathontopicssuchaswaterconservation,whileourmusicteacherschoreographeda‘wastesorting’dancewiththestudents,”saysZuoChunyun,principalofaprimaryschoolinthesuburbanTongzhoudistrictofthecapital.Zuoaddsthatstudentsinseniorclasseswilljointrash-sortingprojectsandmapout(49)_______intheformofhandwrittennewspapersandmindmaps.Decorationsmadefromrecycledmaterialsareexhibitedintheschool’scorridors.ThesamescenecanbeseeninQianjinPrimarySchool,Haidiandistrict.“Garbagecanbeturnedinto共13页第5页(50)_______,”saysWangLiping,theprincipal.“Wehaveraised100,000yuan($15,760)ofcharityfundsbyencouragingstudentsandtheirparentstorecyclewaste,andthemoneywasusedtopurchasemoviescreensforschoolsinHotan,Xinjiang.”AccordingtoLiuJianguo,aprofessoratTsinghuaUniversity,theimplementationofgarbagesortingdependsonthe(51)_______participationandunremittingeffortsofsociety,whichisconducivetothe(52)_______ofsocialcivilization.“Wideparticipationofstudentsandschoolstaffwillhelppromotegarbagesortingtobecomeanewfashioninsociety,”addsLiu.Officialdatashowsthatover90percentoftheresidentsinBeijinghaveparticipatedinwasteclassification,andabout85percentcan(53)_______categorizethegarbage.Butstill,relevantdepartmentsare(54)_______tofurtherraisetheratio.“Ournextmovewillbemoreprecisesupervisionofgroupsthatdid(55)_______poorerjobsinsortingoutgarbage,”saysastafferwiththeBeijingMunicipalCommissionofUrbanManagement.41.A.smellingB.generatingC.eliminatingD.generalizing42.A.skirtedB.migratedC.flewD.hung43.A.proposedB.celebratedC.implementedD.issued44.A.actionB.cashC.garbageD.waste45.A.extentB.elementC.extensionD.initiative46.A.forwardB.aroundC.roughlyD.blindly47.A.decisiveB.excessiveC.inclusiveD.academic48.A.scheduledB.integratedC.proposedD.themed49.A.instructionsB.distributionsC.solutionsD.anticipations50.A.sourcesB.suppliesC.demandsD.resources51.A.intensiveB.aggressiveC.successiveD.extensive52.A.promotionB.interventionC.additionD.communication53.A.accuratelyB.narrowlyC.broadlyD.scarcely54.A.participatingB.supervisingC.strivingD.negotiating55.A.fantasticallyB.relativelyC.deliberatelyD.denselySectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AAhugecrowdhasgatheredtowatchChina'snewscientificresearchshipenterthewaterforthefirsttime.Thisship,equippedwithon-boardlabsandthelatestscientifickit,willeventuallyexploretheworld'soceans.ButitisalsogoingtohelpChinaplungebeneaththewaves:itwillserveasalaunch-padforsubmarinesthatcandivetothedeepestpartsoftheocean.“HumansknowmuchlessaboutthedeepoceansthanweknowaboutthesurfaceoftheMoonandMars.That'swhyIwanttodevelopthefacilityforocean共13页第6页scientiststoreachthedeepseas,”saysProf.CuiWeicheng.HeisthedeanofdeepseascienceatShanghaiOceanUniversitybuthehasalsosetupaprivatecompanycalledRainbowFish,whichbuiltthenewresearchshipandisbusydevelopingsubmersibles.Oneofitsunmannedsubsreachedadepthof4,000m(13,000ft)initsmostrecenttrial.ButRainbowFish'sultimategoalismannedexplorationanditplanstotakehumanstotheverybottomoftheoceantheMarianaTrench,inthePacific,atadepthofnearly11,000m(36,000ft).Heshowsmearoundalife-sizemodelofthesubmarineandexplainsthatthereisroominsideforacrewofthree,whowillbeprotectedbyathickmetalsphere.”Atthemoment,weareinthedesignstage,sowearetestingseveralextremelyhigh-strengthmaterialsforit.”Itwillhavetobearimmensepressuresfromthecrushingweightofwaterabove.Ifthereareanyweaknesses,thesubmarinewillimplode.Thedeepestoceanisaplacefewpeoplehaveeverexperiencedfirst-hand.ThefirstdivetotheMarianaTrenchwascarriedoutin1960byUSNavyLieutenantDonWalshandSwissengineerJacquesPicard.Theirvessel,theBathyscapheTrieste,creakedandgroanedasitmadethedescent,takingnearlyfivehours.TheonlyothermannedexpeditionwascarriedoutbyHollywooddirectorJamesCameron,whotookasoloplungeinabrightgreensubmarinein2012.RainbowFishwantsitssubtobenext.Theteaminsistsitsventureisn'taboutpoliticsandthatitislookingtocollaboratewithAmerican,RussianandEuropeanscientists.Itis,though,acommercialoperation.Thecompanyplanstochargepeopletouseitsresearchshipandsubmarines,andistargetingthreegroups,saysmanagingdirectorDr.WuXin.“Thefirstisdefinitelythescientistswhoareinterestedinstudyingdeep-seascienceandtechnology.Thesecondgroupisoffshorecompaniesandoilcompanies.Thelastoneistouristsandadventurers[who]wanttogodownthemselvestohavealookatwhat'sgoingonthere,”hesays.ThiskindofentrepreneurialapproachmaybeanewmodelforscienceinChina.Deep-searesearchisadifficult,high-riskactivity-andmuchoftheoceanremainsunexplored.ButCui,whohopestobethefirstChinesepersontoreachtheMarianaTrench,believesthatChinacouldbethenationtotrulyopenupthisfinalfrontier.56.Whatfunctiondoesthenewscientificresearchshipserve?A.Asadeep-seafacilityfortouristadventuresB.Asasupplyshipforscientificexplorations.C.Asastationforobservinggiantsquid.D.Asalaunch-padforsubmarines.57.WhatisProf.CuiWeichengcurrentlydoing?A.Testinghigh-strengthmaterialsforbuildingsubmarines.B.Designingathickmetalsphereforbearingspacepressure.C.ChartingtheMarianaTrenchinthewesternPacificOcean.D.MakingplansforhisdivetothebottomoftheMarianaTrench.58.Whatdoes“thiskindofentrepreneurialapproach”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Prof.Cuidoesn'trelyongovernmentfunding.Insteadherunsafor-profitbusinessB.Prof.Cuiisboldinhissubmarinedesign.C.Prof.Cui,whostartedthecompany,isaprofessor-turnedentrepreneur.D.Prof.Cuiisthefirsttoofferhisshipfortourists.共13页第7页59.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.Deep-seascienceandtechnologyB.OceanexplorationC.RacetothedeepD.TherisingofRainbowFishBTheChinesepeopleattachgreatimportancetomianzi.ThereisnocorrespondingEnglishtermformianzi,butitsmeaningissomewherebetweenpayingattentiontoimageandhonor.IntheChineselanguage,manyderivative（派生的）wordsandexpressionswithmianziastheroothavecomeintobeing,andallofthemreflectimportantaspectsofChineseculture.Haomianzi(tobeconcernedaboutimageandhonor)iswidelyregardedasacharacteristicChineseculturalfeature.WhenConfuciusacceptednewstudents2,500yearsago,heaskedthemtogiveafewkilogramsofdriedmeatastuition.Butthesagewassoconcernedaboutmianzithathecalledthedriedmeatpresents,nottuitionorfees.Haomianzireflectstheconceptofimageandhonor.InChina,thereisaprotocoltoeverythingwhichshouldbefollowedtoavoidembarrassment.Andhaomianziisallaboutavoidingembarrassment.Afewmonthsago,mywifegotaphonecallfromoneofherhighschoolclassmateslivinginaneighboringcity,invitinghertoherson'swedding.Mywifemadeseveralphonecallstofindouthowmuchthepresentforthebridegroomshouldbeworth.InChina,whenoneisinvitedtoattendawedding,abirthdaypartyoranyotherspecialoccasion,oneissupposedtobringwithhimorhersomepresent.Thevaluesofsuchpresentshavebeenchangingwithtime－fourdecadesago,itcouldbeanenamelbowl,athermosflaskorabedsheetbutnowthebestoptioniscash.Theamountshouldnotbetoosmall,orelseyoucouldbeconsideredamiser,ortoobigtobecomeaburdenonthereceivingparty,forhe/shehastogiftapresentofasimilaramountinreturnwhentheoccasionarises.Suchgiftsorpresents,inChinese,arecalledsuili,andgenerallyrangefromafewhundredyuantomorethan1,000yuan($156.96),dependingonthefamily'sincome.Aftermywifefoundoutthatthewidelyacceptedsumofsuiliinthecitywhereherformerclassmatelivedwas600yuan,sheputsix100yuanbillsinanenvelopeandsetofffortheneighboringcity.Giftinglessthan600yuanwouldhavemademywifediumianzi(loseface)whilebygiftingalotmorethanthat,shecouldhaveembarrassedtheotherguests.Happytoseemywife,herfriendsaidthefactthatshecomeallthewayfromBeijingtoattendtheweddingwassozhengmianzi(facegaining).Butherthankfulwordsalsoimpliedthatifmywifehadnotattendedthewedding,shecouldhavebeenblamedforbugeimianzi(notgivingface).TheChinesepeopleareveryseriousaboutmianzi.Therehavebeenreportsaboutimmigrantworkersspendinganentireyear'ssavingsonsuiliwhenreturninghomeforSpringFestivalduringwhichmanyweddingsareusuallyheld.Buttoday'syouthdonotcaremuchaboutmianzi.GoingDutchisbecomingpopular,especiallyamongwhitecollarworkerswhendiningoutortravelingtogether.Also,theyouthcanalwaysfindagoodreasontoskipceremoniesthatrequirethemtogiftsuili.Forthem,mianzidoesnotdependonhowotherslookatyoubutonyourownlevelofsatisfaction－beitfromcareerachievementsorhigh-qualityliving.共13页第8页60.WhywasConfucius’examplereferredtointhepassage?A.ToshowthatConfuciuswasalsoameatlover.B.Toidentifymianziasaculturalfeaturearoundtheworld.C.TohonourConfucius’kindnessinacceptingstudentsforfree.D.ToindicatethatConfuciuswasconcernedabouthisimageandhonour.61.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“protocol”mean?A.practice.B.taboo.C.embarrassment.D.conflict.62.Whatcanbeimpliedfromthepassage?A.Chinesetendtothinksuiliamustintheirlife,especiallytheyouth.B.Thevaluesofsuilihavebeensettledsincedecadesago.C.Chinesethinkofsuiliasaninevitableburdenoflife.D.Suilicanalsobetreatedasaderivativewordwithmianzi.CColorado;aplaceweusuallyassociatewithsnow-cappedmountainsandgreengrassymeadows,winterskiing,andkayakinginitsclear,mirror-likelakes.Butdidyouknowthestateisalsohometoa30-square-milesanddune(沙丘)field?NestledontheeasternedgeoftheSanLuisValley,andbesidetheSangredeCristoMountains,thisfantasticlandscapefeatu