大学英语四级(作文·翻译) (精选范文)

大学英语四级(作文· 翻译 阿房宫赋翻译下载德汉翻译pdf阿房宫赋翻译下载阿房宫赋翻译下载翻译理论.doc ) (精选范文) 大学英语四级(作文?翻译) (精选范文) UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天) Day 1倒 装 句 第一步:四级精彩套句展示 我们将通过三个常考的四级写作句型揭示倒装句的奥妙。 1. So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子,如此?以至于?, 【例】So precious is time that we can not afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵～我们经不起浪费它。 这是四级考试作文部分经常用到的一个套句～也是我们在第一部分要学习的第一种句型——倒装句。 我们注意到这个句子的谓语动词“be”放到的了主语的前面～这种句子成分顺序和 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 句型不一致的句型就是倒装句。 倒装,The Inversion,～一般来说是一种较正式的句型～能考查考生的英文写作水平。在文章的开头用倒装句你的文章会因此而添色不少～也是写应试作文获取高分的亮点之一～所以我们一定要学会正确地使用它～恰当地用来阐述自己的观点。 2. adj. + as + Subject,主词,+ be, S. + V. + ?,虽然?, 【例】Rich as our country is, our quality of life is by no means satisfactory. 虽然我们的国家富有～我们的生活品质却不是令人满意的。 v by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不 3. On no account can we + V. + ?,我们绝对不能?, 【例】On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 第二步:语法精讲 1. 简介 倒装有两种。将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来～叫做完全倒装 ,complete inversion,。 【例】Then began a bitter war between the two countries. 于是两国之间开始了恶战。 只将助动词,包括情 态动词,移至主语之前～叫做部分倒装,partial inversion,。 At no time can the entrance be left unguarded. 入口 需要随时有人把守。 2. 四级必考句型 (1) Among the disadvantages that may bring to are that + S. + V., making + n. + adj. 【 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 】有时候～为了强调“介词 + 宾语”结构～我们把 它臵于句首～此时句子需要全部倒装～在本句中我们把谓语 动词“are”放在了主语结构“that?”的前面。 Among the disadvantages that cars may bring to our lives are that we could spend more time in traffic jams and we would likely spend more money on operation and maintenance fees, making our schedules tighter and our pockets lighter! (2) With these steps, we can change our society into one out of which comes the possibility that 【分析】句中的定语从句“out of which comes the possibility?”是完全倒装句。 With these steps, we can change our society into one out of which comes the possibility that natural resources will be fully cherished. (3) There is a real possibility that , should there be a . 【分析】Should there be a?是省略if并部分倒装的将来 时虚拟条件句。还原后为:If there should be a? There is a real possibility that we can solve this problem completely, should there be cooperation among all parties involved. (4) never, hardly, seldom, rarely, not, until?～ scarcely, in no case,不管怎样也不,～in no way,不管 怎么也不,～by no means,决不,～on no account,不论什 么原因也不,～at no time,无论什么时候也不,等否定词 放在句首时～句子要倒装。 By no means shall we cease to protect our environment. (5) It was very late. Exhausted though she was, there was no hope of her being able to fall asleep. 【分析】从属连词as和though也可以用于让步状语从句中。 这种从句必须以形容词,或形容词化的分词,、名词或动词 原形开头～主句必须位于从句之后。 1) Small as a bicycle is, it can bring a lot of convenience to our lives. 2) Foolish though he looks, he always seems to make the wisest proposals. ,他看起来样子傻傻的～可似乎总是能提出最聪明的建议。, 3) Try as you may, you will never succeed. ,你尽管可以试～但决不会成功,。 第三步:练习与进步 A. 翻译 1. 至于计算机化的影响～没有什么地方比银行能更清楚地看到其成果。 2. 要不是来自政府的及时投资～我们的公司不会像现在这样繁荣昌盛。 3. 只是过了一年～我就开始看到我工作的成绩。 4. 该组织没有违反规章～但是它也没有负 责任 安全质量包保责任状安全管理目标责任状8安全事故责任追究制幼儿园安全责任状占有损害赔偿请求权 地认真工作。 5. 几乎每个月都有消息报道调查中国公民中科学教育文盲问题的严重性。 6. 打算离婚的父母没有很好地培养孩子应对将要到来的危 机的能力～他们也没有向孩子们作出很有必要的保证:会有 人照顾你们的。 7. 虽然他聪明机智～也觉得解决这个问题很难。 8. 她不仅学习刻苦～而且很有礼貌。 9. 树下坐着的人～是我见过的最高大的人之一。 10. 只有当研究者获得充分的数据～他们才能得出一个正确 的结论。 【参考答案】 1. As for the influence of computerization, nowhere have we seen the results more clearly than in the bank. 2. Had it not been for the timely investment from the government, our company would not be thriving as it is. 3. Only after a year did I begin to see the results of my work. 4. The organization had broken no rules, but neither had it acted responsibly. 5. Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among Chinese citizens. 6. Parents planning to divorce do not sufficiently prepare their children for the coming crisis, nor do they provide them with the necessary assurances that they will be cared for in the aftermath. 7. Clever and resourceful though he was, he found more than a little difficulty solving the problem. 8. Not only was she a hard worker, but she was also very polite. 9. Under a tree was sitting one of the biggest men I had ever seen. 10. Only when the researchers have obtained sufficient data can they come to a sound conclusion. 第四步:伟人伟招 1. 英勇无畏式 Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. (Marie Curie) 生活中没有什么可怕的东西～只有需要理解的东西。,居里夫人, 【点评】这句话可用于提出问题的解决方法～比如说关于 “global shortage of fresh water”～在提到如何应对时～不妨说: Famous scientist Marie Curie once said, “Nothing in life is to be feared; it is only to be understood.” In the same ways, once we understand the causes of this phenomenon, we can confidently believe that we will solve the problem with the following means. 2. 热情无限式 A man can succeed at almost anything for which he has unlimited enthusiasm. (C. M. Schwab) 只要有无限的热情～一个人几乎可以在任何事情上取得成 功。,施瓦布, 【点评】用法和上句类似。 3. 理想远大式 The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and also the determination to attain it. (Goethe) 人生重要的在于确立一个伟大的目标～并有决心使其实现。 ,歌德, 【点评】我们可以从歌德的话语里面～学到一个很好的句型: The important thing is to?, 不妨进一步学一个四级里面 另两个更受欢迎的句型: (1) Nothing is + (adj).er than to + V. + … Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V. + ? 【例】Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。 (2) What a + adj. + n. + S. + V.!= How + adj. + a + n. + V.!,多么?:, What an important thing it is to keep our promise! How important a thing it is to keep our promise! 遵守诺言是多么重要的事: 第五步:实践与提高 用下列给出的句型造句: 1. The narrator may be right about…, but he neglects to mention the fact that… 2. As opposed to widely held beliefs , I believe that… 3. Although many people believe that…, I doubt whether the argument holds up to much analysis . 4. The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we could gain from A. 5. Although it is commonly held that…, it is unlikely that… 6. There is an element of truth in this argument , but it ignores a deeper and more basic fact that… 7. It is true that …, but that is not to say that… True it is unlikely To be sure it doesn’t follow Admittedly that doesn’t mean it won’t be the case 8. The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant of the basic fact that… 9. It would be natural to think that…, but it would be absurd to claim that… 10. In all the discussion and debate over…, one important fact is generally overlooked : … UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 2 强调句 强 调 句 第一步:四级精彩套句展示 It is universally acknowledged that + 句子,全世界都知道?, 这是一个在四级作文里面用来阐述观点的经典句型～用词也很出色。 It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 It is?that + 句子?构成强调句型,The Emphatic Pattern, 英语常用的强调结构是“It is/was+被强调部分,主语、宾 语或状语,+ who,that,?”。一般说来～被强调部分指人时～用who,指事物时～用that,在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。 与之类似的常用句型还有: It is conceivable that + 句子,可想而知的, It is obvious that + 句子,明显的, It is apparent that + 句子,显然的, It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知～知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。 第二步:语法精讲 1. 简介 (1) 一般情况用It is (was)?that (who)?～指人时～用who,指物时～用that。 我们分别可以强调主语、宾语、 表语、时间状语和地点状语等。如: He read three books in the library yesterday.,正常 句子, It was he who read three books in the library yesterday.,强调主语, It was three books that he read in the library yesterday.,强调宾语, It was in the library that he read three books yesterday.,强调地点状语, (2) 强调状语或定语时～只用that～不用when、where～如: It is at 5 o’clock that the train will arrive. (3) 被强调的部分是主语时～注意句子的谓语动词和被强调 的主语保持一致。如: It is he who is late. It is they who were late. (4) 一般疑问句的强调句为“Is (was) it + that??”,特殊疑问句为:“特殊疑问词+ is (was) +it +that??”结构。如: Was it ten years ago that his father died?,他的父亲是十年前去世的吗,, When is it that you will set off?,你到底什么时候出发,, (5)“not?until?”句型的强调结构为“It is not until?that?”应注意把否定词not转移到until前面。如: I didn’t go home until the rain stopped.,直到雨停了我才回家,。 强调句为:It was not until the rain stopped that I went home. I didn’t know the news until yesterday.,直到昨天我才知道那个消息, 强调句为:It was not until yesterday that I knew the news. 2. 四级必考套句学习 (1) It is the responsibility of to do sth. 【分析】注意～从形式上看该句子很像强调句型～而实际上 并非如此～因为句中it是形式主语～动词不定式作实际主 语。 It is the responsibility of every citizen in our society to do his utmost to protect the environment. (2) It is the , I suppose, that have\has given rise to . 【分析】该强调句型强调句子主语～I suppose作为插入语。 这是一个很好掌握的四级长句～在作文中需要分析原因时～ 可以用它阐述自己的看法。 It is the tighter job market, I suppose, that has given rise to the increase in the number of unemployed college students in China. (3) It is only when that . 【分析】强调句型强调when引导时间从句。 It is only when you nearly lose someone that you become fully conscious of how much you value him. 第三步:练习与进步 A. 翻译 1. 直到最后一刻～我才得知事情的传闻。 2. 他是否接受我的观点～我并不在乎。 3. 我不应干预此类事。 4. 在拥挤的公交车上抽烟～是不礼貌的行为。 5. 爱迪生是位真正的天才～这是不容臵疑的。 6. 直到他走进教室～才意识到忘了做家庭作业。 7. 在我们家～饭前洗手是每个人的习惯。 8. 一个人应该精读一门～博览各科。 9. 她觉得回复这封信～是她应尽的责任。 10. 大多数年轻人都认为过轻松不用努力的生活是最好的～ 这是令人遗憾的事。 A. 翻译 【参考答案】 1. It was at the eleventh hour that I got wind of what was going on. 2. It does not matter whether he accepts my opinions or not. 3. It is not my place to interfere in such affairs. 4. It is impolite behavior to smoke in a crowded bus. 5. It is undeniable that Edison was a genius in the truest sense of the word. 6. It was not until he entered the classroom that he realized he had forgotten to do the homework. 7. In our home it is a rigid rule for each person to wash his hands before eating. 8. It is wise to read everything about something and something about everything. 9. She felt it incumbent upon her to answer the letter at once. 10. It is to be regretted that the majority of young people should look upon an effortless life as the highest good. 第四步:伟人伟招 1. 百折不挠式 We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope. (Martin Luther King, Jr.) 我们必须接受失望～因为它是有限的～但千万不可失去希望～ 因为它是无穷的。,马丁〃路德〃金, 【点评】该句为马丁〃路德〃金生命的体验～我们在作文中 谈到某种麻烦的解决方法时～借用过来妙不可言。另外We must do?, but we must never?用于观点的转折或者递进效 果很好。 2. 深入生活式 Genius is formed in quiet, character in the stream of life. (Goethe ) 天才形成于平静中～性格来自于生活的激流。,歌德, 【点评】歌德之才～恐非我辈能及～但大师的语言却给我们 无穷的灵感。表示“形成”记着用“is formed in”～简单 之处见真章。 第五步:实践与进步 用下列给出的句型造句: 1. There is absolutely no reason for us to believe that… 2. Logical as this argument is, and I whole-heartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant when… is taken into consideration . 3. To assume that… is far from infallible . 4. A close inspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy it is. 5. On the surface , it may seem a sound suggestion , but with careful consideration , we find that… 6. Too much emphasis placed on … may obscure other facts, including that… 7. The danger is that… 8. What the narrator fails to understand is that… 9. We don’t have to look very far to see the truth of this argument . 10. However just this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 3 省略句 省 略 句 第一步:四级精彩套句展示 It is necessary that effective actions be taken to prevent this problem. 省略～在语言中～尤其在对话中是一种常见的现象～它可以 使语气明了。英语里被省略部分一般可以在句子中补上。本 句是省略should的虚拟语气～完整句为It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent this problem. 这种对虚拟语气的省略在四级作文句 子里面广为存在～ 又如:It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving)?中的should也可省略。 第二步:语法精讲 1. 简介 句子中的某一成分省略的现象～在语言当中广泛存在～汉语当中也有。比如:一班的学生比二班的多。本句中在“二班的”后面就省略了“学生”一词～因为根据语境～该词我们已经可以推理得知～在语言中为了避免麻烦～将其省略。 大家可能会说:“四级考试中我就担心字数凑不够～为什么还要学习省略呢,”字数的问题确实是我们必须面对的问题～但并不是四级考核的惟一标准。省略句的合理利用～会起到事半功倍的效果。首先～启用省略句虽然在字数上吃了点小亏～但是可以让句子更精炼流畅～可谓舍一而得十,另外～很多考生为了凑字数～啰里啰嗦～让评卷老师味同嚼蜡～这时你的省略句就可能会如一缕春风～好处自不用多言。 2. 四级必考句型 (1) Although many have tried, few have succeeded in attempts to . 【分析】本句中tried后的宾语可根据后半句的语义推测得知～所以可以省略～避免重复。 Although many have tried, few have succeeded in attempts to find perfect solutions. (2) , be it , will bring a lot of happiness into our lives. 【分析】本句是一个超难句型～中间一节省略了whether和 might～并进行了倒装～将“be it”恢复后应为whether it might be。Be it?～可译为“比方说”～用来给出更多细节。 The application of electric power, be it to light our rooms or to listen to music, will bring a lot of happiness to our lives. (3) Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though to go out of the office. 【分析】as though引导方式状语从句～谓语常用虚拟语气～ 本句中主句的主语与从句的主语相同～故从句中的主语和谓 语省略～即省略了she wanted,如果补全～即为:as though she wanted to go out of the office. 第三步:练习与进步 A. 翻译 1. 因为项目任务十分艰巨～这个项目需要的劳动力比我们已经投入的要多。 2. 虽然Dave Mitchell在旧金山长大～但他总是更喜欢记录小镇生活的平淡事实。 3. 就像土壤是地球的一部分一样～大气也是地球的一部分。 4. 没有人会有时间去读或听讲述世界发生的每一件事情。 5. 他的衣服很宽大～好像是为比他个子大一倍的人裁剪的。 6. 海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。 7. 每个人能够走钢丝而没有一丝畏惧的～除非他从小就训练过。 8. 不管付出多大的代价～他都会坚持他认为正确的。 9. 他经常坐在一间小酒吧里喝酒～喝得太多了～不利于他 的身体。 10. 尽管相对贵一些～但是这个发动机效率更高～而且不需 要经常维修。 【参考答案】 1. The project requires more labor than has been put in because it is extremely difficult. 2. Though raised in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life. 3. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, so too is the atmosphere. 4. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything that is going on in the world. 5. His suit hung loosely as if tailored for someone twice his size. 6. A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog. 7. No one can walk the wire without a bit of fear unless trained very young. 8. He stands up for what he thinks right, whatever the personal cost. 9. He often sat in a small bar drinking considerably more wine than was good for his health. 10. Even though relatively costly, the engine is highly efficient and infrequently needs servicing. B. 改错 1. A programmed computer begins to show on its screen the figures you need when is switched on. 2. No one, at any rate no English writer, has written about childhood life in a way more poignant than Dickens was. 3. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not taken drugs as directed, lowering the effectiveness of the drugs significantly. 4. Layer upon layer of deep snow means that, when it melted, the snow-water would be pure, not salty as sea -ice would be. 5. All these projects require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve properly, and require more money than is raised through taxes alone today. 6. You spent more money than was intended to spend. 7. To understand the situation completely require more thought that has been given thus far. 8. We can observe small things clearly under a microscope because it makes them appear larger as they really are. 9. In debating, one must correct the opponent’s falsehoods, deny the relevance of his proof, and deny that which he presents as proof, even if relevant, is sufficient. 10. Yet these old controversies give no less revealing insight on the minds of our grandfathers than do the major issues of the last century. 【参考答案】 1. is去掉 2. was—did 3. taken—take 4. it去 掉 5. is—is being 6. spend—be spent 7. require— requires 8. as—than 9. which—what 10. on—into 第四步:伟人伟招 1. 以退为进式 On earth there is nothing great but man; and in man there is nothing great but mind. (Hamilton ) 世界上～没有什么比人更伟大～而对于人来说～没有什么比 精神更伟大。 【点评】在你考试写作文时～也可以用这种方式来分步把你 的观点说出来～这种句子体现了一种智慧上的美。另外 nothing but?,只有?,句型我们要熟练掌握。 I have nothing but compassion for your situation. Nothing but determination will get us through this. 2. 精力无穷式 Live as though you intend to live forever, and work as though your strength were limitless. (S. Bernhardt ) 要这样生活～仿佛你寿命永恒,要这样工作～仿佛你精力无 穷。,波恩哈特, 【点评】是个很生动的句型～很有文学魅力～可以背会用来 鼓励大家努力。用在最后一段的开头～可以画龙点睛。 3. 前轻后重式 Don’t believe that winning is really everything. It’ s more important to stand for something. If you don’ t stand for something, what do you win? (Lane Kirkland ) 不要认为取胜就是一切～更重要的是要有信念。倘若你没有 信念～那胜利又有什么意义呢,,柯克兰, 【点评】这是正反论述文的经典句型。前面的观点是你反对 的～后面的是你所支持的。例如在文章的最后一段可以这样 写:Don’t be afraid that we won’t succeed in solving this problem; it is more important to know we are doing our best. 这样～20多个单词就毫不费力地写出来了。 第五步:实践与进步 将下面的句子补充完整 1. Although the popular belief is that…, a current study indicates that… 2. Common sense tells us that… 3. The increase in… mainly results from … 4. The increase in… is due to the fact that… 5. Many people would claim that… 6. One may attribute the increase to…, but… is not by itself an adequate explanation. 7. One of the reasons given for… is that… 8. What is also worth highlighting is that… 9. There are many causes for this dramatic growth in…. First, … Second,… Finally,… 10. There is no evidence to suggest that… UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 4 并列句 并 列 句 第一步:四级精彩套句展示 I like traveling, and I will do my best to share the fun of traveling with others. 同学们总是习惯写简单句～把句子写成了:I like traveling. I will do my best to share the fun of traveling with others.而四级考试要求大家多写长句～and?结构就是一个 简单好用的长句结构。只要把两个主语一样的句子间的句号 改成逗号～再加上and就可以了。有时还可以把后一句的主 语省略。例如:It appears mysteriously and spreads spontaneously in many different forms. 以and, or, but等连接的简单句～掌握熟练的话～会让我们的文章流畅自然。 第二步:语法精讲 1. 简介 并列句是英语中广泛存在的一种句型～其特点是用表示并列关系的连词将两个独立的句子联系起来。主要用or和and来连接。 2. 四级必备套句 ,1,Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination. 努力工作～你就能实现你的最终目标。 【分析】“命令式+and”在表示条件时～表示“你要?才会?”的意思。在写作里面可以用来提出建议。“名词+and”句式有时也可以用来表示条件～如:One more effort, and you will be successful. ,2,Study hard, or you will fail to pass the exam. 如果你不努力学习～你将无法通过考试。 【分析】“命令式+or”句式表示“你要?否则?”或“否则的话”等意思。 第三步:练习与进步 A. 翻译 1. 说话大声点～教室里的学生才能听到你讲的内容。 2. 你要早点出发～这样才能提前到达那里。 3. 要是你违反了法律～你将会被警察逮捕。 4. 轻点儿走～否则你会弄出声响儿吵醒婴儿。 5. 仔细点儿读这本书～否则你将无法理解其主题思想。 6. 如果再来一次这样的暴风雨～所有的庄稼都将被毁。 7. 说曹操～曹操就到。 8. 快点～否则你要迟到了。 9. 快点走～否则就赶不上早班车了。 10. 努力学习～你就能够通过这次考试。 注意:“命令式+and”表示条件时～表示“你要?才会?”的 意思,“命令式+or”句式表示“你要?否则?”或“否则的话” 等意思,同时～要注意“名词+and”句式有时也可以用来表 示条件。这三种类型有一个共同特点就是and或or后面的 从句要用一般将来时态。 【参考答案】 1. Speak louder, and every student in the classroom will able to hear you. 2. Start early, and you will arrive ahead of schedule. 3. Violate the law, and you will be arrested by the police. 4. Walk slightly, or you will make a noise and wake the baby. 5. Read the book more carefully, or you will not understand the main idea. 6. One more such storm and all the crops will be totally destroyed. 7. Talk of the devil, and he will appear. 8. Please, quickly, or you will be late. 9. Walk quickly, or you will not catch the early bus. 10. Study hard, and you will pass the examination. B. 改错 1. Speak more loudly, and you won’t be heard by others. 2. Write quickly, and you won’t finish the composition in time. 3. Work hard, or you will pass the English examination. 4. Read one more, or you will catch the meaning. 5. Admitting your faults, or you will be punished. 6. Read philosophy books, and you will be benefit from them sooner or later. 7. Think it over, or you will find the solution to the problem. 8. Do the morning exercise, and you will benefit in it. 9. Work hard, and you will successful one day. 10. Write neatly and clearly, or you will give your teacher a good impression. 【参考答案】 1. and—or 2. and—or 3. or—and 4. or—and 5. Admitting—Admit 6. be去掉 7. or—and 8. in—from 9. will—will be 10. or—and 第四步:伟人伟招 1. 向前看～向右看式 Life can only be understood backwards, but it must be lived forwards. (Kierkegaard ) 只有向后看才能理解生活,但要生活好～则必须向前看。,克尔凯郭尔, 【点评】写四级文章时～这句话用来在原因段和解决问题段之间承上启下～确是个完美的选择。 2. 匹夫有责式 No man is useless in this world who lightens the burden of someone else. (C. Dickens ) 在这个世界上能为别人减轻负担的人都是有用的。,狄更斯, 【点评】该句用来论述个人应该为社会减负的问题时～可谓 是恰到好处。 第五步:实践与进步 将下面的句子补完整 1. Why are …? For one thing, … For another, … 2. Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that… 3. It gives rise to a host of problems . 4. There are numerous reasons why…, and I shall explore here only a few of the most important ones. 5. It will exert profound influence on… 6. A multitude of factors could account for the change in… 7. In 1999, it increased from 5 to 10 percent of the total . 8. By comparison with 1998, it decreased from 10 to 5 percent . 9. … account(s) for 15 percent of the total. 10. There were 100 traffic accidents in April, and an increase of 5 percent in a five-month period. By 1999, only three quarters of college-aged were against…, (as compared with) last year , the same population preferred to (liked)… UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 5 句子的连接 句子的连接 第一步:四级精彩句型展示 1. The reason why + 句子 ? is that + 句子,?的原因是?, 这是在四级考试里面用得很多的一个定语从句句型～通过 why把两个句子联系起来～why后的句子作为从句是the reason的定语。 The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. 类似的还有those who结构～如: Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。 2. Since the time that + S + 过去式～S + 现在完成时。 该句型用since一词将两个句子联系起来～表示一种时间关系。 Since the time that he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. 自从他上高中～他一直很用功。 连接在写作中是很重要的～就像自行车的链条～它的好坏会直接影响速度和行驶距离。连接于写作就如我们身体的水～没有水就没有生命～没有好的连接～相应的也不会有精彩的作文问世。 第二步:语法精讲 1. 简介 连接手段,The connective,一般包括连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词和关系副词。连接手段是一个很宽泛的概念～概括了复合句、定语从句、状语从句等。建议大家结合本系列丛书的《词汇〃语法〃完形填空分册》中的从句讲解进行学习。 2. 四级必备套句 (1) 主语+谓语,过去进行时成过去完成时,+其他成分 +when+主语+谓语,一般过去时,+其他成分 【分析】该句型中when引导的分句表示分句行为发生的突 然性～when常译为“就在这时”～该句在记叙文的写作中经 常用到。 On a rainy day I was driving on the Street of Eternal Peace when I noticed a young man holding up a sign that read “Frank”. 在一个下雨天～我正驾车通过长安街～就 在这时我突然注意到一个年轻人举着一块牌子～上面写着 “弗兰克”。 (2) No one everything that is going on in the world. 【分析】“that is going on in the world”是定语从句～ 修饰everything～当先行词是everything等不定代词时～ 关系代词要用that。这句子在阐述原因时是个很有效的句 子。 No one has time to read an account of everything that is going on in the world. 没有一个人 会有时间去阅读介绍世界上正在发生的每一件事情。,在论 述有选择性的阅读的重要性时, (3) rather than?, we should? 【分析】“rather than”意为“而不是”或“没有去”。 Rather than pursue money to achieve happiness, we should focus on the improvement of parts of ourselves. 类似的还有other than,=except,除了(表示所说的不包括 在内)。 He never speaks to me other than to ask for something. 他除了向我要东西～从不跟我说话。 She has no close friends other than me. 她除了我以外 从没有别的好朋友。 第三步:练习与进步 A. 翻译 1. 那位演讲者声称～没有哪个现代国家像中国那样在公共 事业资助和保健方面投入其财富的比例如此之小。 2. 如果将睡觉的人一开始进入梦乡就叫醒～即使他们的睡眠总量是足够的～他们也很可能变得烦躁易怒。 3. 虽然他很喜欢她～但确实有时他也对她发火。 4. 水将继续保持它今天的地位——在重要性方面仅次于氧。 5. 社会保障退休 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 是由两笔信托基金组成的～其中数额较大的一笔基金到来年可能会分文不值。 6. 做家庭作业是提高考试成绩的可靠方法～在课堂测试中更是这样。 7. 这个城市中有100多所夜校～这使专业人员能得到进修～不管他是从事什么工作的。 8. 从这些数字的比较中可以看出～病人积极配合治疗是改善其病情的重要原则。 9. 加利福尼亚的阳光多得它不知怎么处理～但其他东西却 很贵。 10. 谁想要这本词典～我就给谁。 【参考答案】 1. The speaker claimed that no other modern nation devotes so small a portion of its wealth to public assistance and health as does China. 2. If individuals are awakened each time they begin a dream phrase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient. 3. Much as he likes her, he does get irritated with her sometimes. 4. Water will continue to be what it is today: second in importance to oxygen. 5. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, the larger of which could go penniless by next year. 6. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests. 7. There are over 100 night schools in this city, making it possible for a professional to be reeducated no matter what he does. 8. As can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition. 9. California has more light than it knows what to do with but everything else is expensive. 10. I’ll give this dictionary to anyone who wants to have it. B. 改错 1. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me if only she could remember who last borrowed it. 2. Prof Lee’s book will show you how that you have observed can be used in other contexts. 3. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting until you don’t mind taking the night train. 4. Most electronic devices of this kind, that are manufactured for such purposes, are packaged tightly. 5. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of obtaining water is not the least. 6. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe but that it provides the building blocks from which other elements are produced. 7. That it is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production. 8. There are over 100 night schools in this city, making it possible for a professional to be reeducated no matter how he does. 9. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true since it comes to classroom tests. 10. Granted that we had all the materials ready, we should begin the new task at once. 【参考答案】 1. if only―only if 2. that后加what 3. until―provided 4. that―as 5. of―of which 6. but―in 7. That―As 8. how―what 9. since―when 10. had―have 第四步:伟人伟招 1. 摔倒了再爬起来式 Our greatest glory consists not in never falling but in rising every time we fall. (O. Goldsmith) 我们最值得自豪的不在于从不跌倒～而在于每次跌倒之后都 爬起来。,哥德斯密斯, 【点评】该句可以用于一些关于社会问题的文章。虽然我们 犯了错误～产生了问题～但是我们要做的是“爬起来”做点 事情来补偿。 2. 有缺而无憾式 To be without some of the things you want is an indispensable part of happiness. (Russell ) 有些东西你想要而没有～这是幸福不可缺少的一部分。,罗 素, 【点评】“?is an indispensable part of?.”～这个句型我 们可以借鉴。 3. 没有条件～创造条件也要上式 The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them. (Bernard Shaw) 在这个世界上取得成功的人～都努力去寻找他们想要的机 会～如果找不到时～他们就自己创造机会。,萧伯纳, 【点评】这几个小短语的连用很显英文实力～“get on, get up and look for”简单但组合后却很不一般～这个句子是 个很好的例子。 第五步:实践与提高 将下面的句子补充完整: 1. From what has been discussed above , we may safely draw the conclusion that? 2. All the evidence supports the unshakable conclusion that? 3. It is high time that we place great emphasis on the improvement of? 4. It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated situation of? 5. We must look for an immediate action , because the present situation of?, if permitted to continue , will surely lead to the end of? 6. There is no easy solution to the problem of?, but? might be a useful measure to take. 7. There is no easy method hand to solve the problem of?, but increasing the common recognition of the necessity of? might be the first step towards change . 8. Following these methods may not guarantee success in ?, but the pay-off will be worth the effort. 9. Obviously , if we ignore the problem, there is every chance that? 10. Unless there is a common realization of ?, it is very likely that? UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 6 其他经典句型,1, 其他经典句型,1, 第一步:经典句型展示 1. I am all but ready. 我几乎准备好了。 【分析】? all but = almost; nearly表示“几乎”。它是个含有副词功能的词条。 ? all but? 有时可表示“差一点就?”的意思。? all but?有时也表示“除?外～全部都?”的意思～这时all but = all except。 2. That little bridge is anything but safe. 那座小桥一点也不安全。 【分析】? anything but=not at all; far from, 表示强烈否定～是“决不”的意思。? anything but有时也可以表示”除?之外的任何?”等意思。 3. It is far from all of the students who are able to speak Chinese. 并不是所有的学生都讲中文。 【分析】It is far from all?not. 表示“并不是所有的?都”。 4. You must leave her a message, and immediately at that. 你必须给她留言～而且马上就要行动。 【分析】at that放于句尾表示强调 第二步:练习与进步 A. 翻译 1. 过去的20年中～他几乎做好了所有的准备～差一点就可以毕业了。 2. 国庆就要到了～除他之外～所有的人都正在为此庆典准备着。 3. 并不是所有的外国游客都来自欧洲。 4. 他们两个都没有去过中国。 5. 由于交通堵塞～公交车不规律地向前移动～而且速度非常的慢。 6. 他独自一个人生活～但是一点儿也不觉得孤独。 7. 别听他的甜言蜜语～去年他把我骗了。那是条披着羊皮 的狼。 8. 我购物时～总请朋友们帮我选择颜色。 9. 除非在各方面都准备得周密～否则在应付入侵之敌的时 候～我们将处于不利地位。 10. 除了一些无聊的行为外～我什么都喜欢。 【参考答案】 1. In the last 20 years, he has all but graduated from that university. 2. National Day is coming, and everyone but him is preparing for the celebration. 3. Not all of the foreign visitors came from Europe. 4. Neither of them have visited China. 5. Because of the heavy traffic, the bus moved forward irregularly, and the speed even then was very slow. 6. He lived alone, but he felt anything but lonely. 7. Don’t listen to his sweet words. I was cheated by him last year. He’s a wolf in sheep’s clothing. 8. When I shop, I usually ask my friends to help me decide on the color. 9. Unless we are prepared in every aspect, we shall be at a disadvantage in dealing with the invaders. 10. I enjoy anything but silliness. B. 改错 1. The child was all that run over by the train. 2. The skaters on the pond all not broke through the ice. 3. Only but John passed the examination. 4. I enjoy all the last one of her novels. 5. I can only select either of the two schemes. 6. You must pay attention to your behavior, and constantly that. 7. Everyone wants a happy family, and a healthy one. 8. He used to take drugs that he was young. 9. Some will wrangle for freedom; write for it; even fight for it; nothing but die for it. 10. The old man who had been used working from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. was like a fish out of water when his firm pensioned him off. 【参考答案】 1. that―but 2. not―but 3. only―All 4. all后加but 5. only去掉 6. that前加at 7. one后加at that 8. that―when 9. nothing―anything 10. used―used to 第三步:伟人伟招 1. 协力成功式 Great men are rarely isolated mountain-peaks; they are summits of ranges. (T. W. Higginson) 伟人很少是突兀的山峰,他们是众山中的最高峰。,希金森, 【点评】这是一个绝佳的句子用在最后一段的开头～例如可 以这样写:Just as T. W. Higginson said, “Great men are rarely isolated mountain-peaks; they are summits of ranges.” We should make efficient use of the wisdom to seek the best solution for this. 2. 前人种树～后人乘凉式 We should live and labor in our time such that what came to us as seed may go to the next generation as blossom, and what came to us as blossom may go to them as fruit. This is what we mean by progress. (H. W. Beecher) 我们一生应该这样地生活和劳动～使给予我们的种子能在下 一代开花～使给予我们的花朵能在下一代结果～这就是我们 所说的进步的意义。,比彻, 【点评】这是such that句型的一个复杂变体～我们可以欣 赏一下～高手可以尝试使用。 UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 7 其他经典句型(2) 其他经典句型,2, 第一步:经典句型展示 1. The enemy attempted to win over uncle Chen, but it was in vain. 敌人企图把陈大叔拉过去～但是徒然无效。 【分析】in vain = uselessly; without a successful result. 表示“徒然～枉然～没有结果”。 2. It is no use trying to persuade him to accept the gift. 设法说服他去接受这份礼物是徒劳的,白费心机的,。 【分析】?“It is no use ~ing”中～~ing是动词形式～ 它表示的是“做?是徒劳的”的意思,? 此外it也可以连 接由疑问词所引导的从句。 3. It is not till they lose it that people know the value of health. 直到失去健康～人们才知道健康的价值。 【分析】“It is not till (until)?that?”是not till (until) 的强调句型～它就是让it is?that?的一种变化～表示“直 到”的意思。 4. It is with life as with a dream. 人生就像是一场梦。 【分析】It is with? as with?= It is in? as in?～表示“?就像是?”之意～前面的词语是句子的重点～as with紧跟的词语则是它的比喻。 5. It will be some time before it returns to its original shape. 到它恢复到原来的形状为止～是要花上一些时间的。 【分析】“It will be?before?”表示“到?为止～要花?的时间”～它除了将来时的形式出现外～还可以用其他的形式来表达。 第二步:练习与进步 A. 翻译 1. 我在这儿干死干活的～可是根本就没有机会涨工资～更别说升职了。 2. 当火车启动时～设法赶上那趟车是徒劳的。 3. 夏天到了～直到19:00～天才开始逐渐黑下来。 4. 人生就像是一次远行～经历喜怒哀乐～同时积累经验。 5. 人类就像土地一样～有时会存在着所有人都没有发觉的金矿。 6. 花了八年多时间～军队才击败敌人获得全面胜利。 7. 不管你说什么～我和那件事无关。 8. 总统和这起贿赂案没有关系。 9. 老师听到那个男孩小声地说了些什么～她让他高声重复。 10. 他们完成这项工程的监理工作需要花半年的时间。 【参考答案】 1. I am just spinning my wheels here—there’s no chance to get a pay raise, much less a promotion. 2. It is no use trying to catch up with the train once it starts. 3. Summer is coming, now it was not until 7:00 p.m. that the sky starts getting dark. 4. It is in life as in a long journey: going through difficulties, as well as pleasant times, and at the same time, concentrated experiences. 5. It is in man as in soil that there is sometimes a vein of gold that the owner is unaware of. 6. It was more than 8 years before the army defeated the enemy completely 7. Whatever you may say, I have no concern with that issue. 8. The president had no concern with the bribery case. 9. The teacher heard the boy say something under his breath and she asked him to repeat it aloud. 10. It will be about another half a year before they finish the engineering construction supervision. B. 改错 1. We protested on vain. The government still insisted on demolishing the building. 2. All he has done is vain. It won’t save our company. 3. It is absurd think about a plan that is impossible to implement. 4. Discipline can be relaxed until the last day of school has passed. 5. The country did not became a real democracy unless the middle of last century. 6. It is with read books as with receiving education in social sciences. 7. It is with researching historic characters as with communicate with persons of that time. 8. I thought it is with accepting the task as with putting it into practice before I assimilated into the society. 9. It will be about half a year after you finish the engineering construction supervision. 10.It will be about three years of getting to know each other before they decided to marry. 【参考答案】 1. on―in 2. is―is in 3. think―thinking 4. can― cannot 5. unless―until 6. read―reading 7. communicate― communicating 8. is―was 9. after―before 10. will be―took 第三步:伟人伟招 1. 克己复礼式 The greater the man, the more restrained his anger. (Ovid ) 人越伟大～越能克制怒火。,奥维德, 【点评】通过这句话我们要进一步学习两个类似句型: The + ~er + S. + V., ? the + ~er + S. + V. ? The + more + adj. + S. + V., ? the + more + adj. + S. + V. ?,愈?愈?, The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你 愈努力～你愈进步。 The more books we read, the more learned we become. 我 们书读愈多～我们愈有学问。 2. 聪明易糊涂难式 It is easier to fight for principles than to live up to them. (A. E. Stevenson) 为原则而斗争容易～按原则的要求活着难。,史蒂文森, 【点评】“it is +比较级+to do sth. than to do sth.” 是另外一个重要的比较级的句型。 第四步:实 践与提高 将下面的句子补充完整: 1. There is little doubt that serious attention must be called to the problem of ? 2. It is necessary that effective action be taken to prevent the situation . 3. It is hoped that great efforts be taken to control the growth of? 4. It is hoped that great efforts will be directed towards finding ? 5. It remains to be seen whether?, but the prospects are (not) very encouraging . 6. At any rate, wider attention should be given to the possible consequences of? 7. To reverse the trend is not a light task , and it requires a different state of mind towards ? 8. For these reasons, I strongly recommend that? 9. For the reasons given above, I feel that? 10. Taking into account the reasons mentioned above, we can confidently come to a conclusion that?. UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 8 其他经典句型(3) 其他经典句型,3, 第一步:经典句型展示 1. They say that she is a movie star. 据说她是个电影 明星。 【分析】 they say? = it is said that～表示“据说?的” 意思。其中they = people, I heard 也表示相同意思。 2. This is the reason why he became so involved in the suicide case. 他因为这个原因而卷入那个自杀案。 【分析】? This is the reason why=this is?表示“这就 是为什么的原因”～“因为这个原因而?”的意思～why是一个 关系副词。? This is the way how?=thus～与this is the reason why类似的句型～表示“因此而?”的意思～先行词the way与the reason一样也可以省略。 3. The plane flew higher and higher, till at last it disappeared from my sight. 飞机飞得越来越高～并终于从我的视线中消失。 【分析】?, till (will) at last?=?, and at last?～表示“?终于?”的意思。一般来说～在till的前面～通常会有逗号将其分开。 4. He grabbed at straws but he could not reach it. 他想抓住救命稻草～但够不着。 【分析】to grab at straws表示的是“抓住救命稻草”～它也可以引用为“,为脱险,求助了任何救急办法”的意思。To grab at straws= to grasp\ reach for straws. 5. To my great surprise, he played the piano well. 令人感到惊讶的是～他钢琴弹得很棒。 【分析】to one’s surprise=to the surprise of?是表示 “令人感到惊讶的是?”的意思。类似的句型有:to one’s joy令人感到高兴的是～to one’s sorrow令人感到悲哀的是～to one’s satisfaction令人感到满意的是～to one’s disappointment令人感到失望的是。 第二步:练习与进步 A. 翻译 1. 据说～人类是生物学上最无法归类的物种～因为人类拥有其他天然物种所缺少的特性。 2. 据说～美国人于1787年制定的“联邦条款”是为当时政府运作提供的一个模式。 3. 这就是为什么他不想接受这个事实的原因。 4. 我因此而辞掉了在那家公司的工作。 5. 他们的言辞争论着～渐渐地～他们变得激动～终于其中有一个做出了鲁莽的行动。 6. 令所有出席的人都感到惊讶的是～这位英雄忽然不见了。 7. 当我刚好六岁半的时候～某个早上～孩子们正在吃早餐 时～被告知不准再到处乱跑～当时大家都很惊慌。 8. 像所有政客一要～他说他要为人民做好事～可是我怀疑 他是另有个人的打算。 9. 依我看来～你在你妈妈面前表现得太无礼了。 10. 她的新的夜礼服是巴黎时装中最新潮的。 【参考答案】 1. They say that man is the least biologically determined species of all because he possesses features absent in other natural species. 2. I heard that the Americans drew up their “Articles of Confederation” in 1781 in order to provide a working form of government. 3. This is the reason why he did not want to accept the fact. 4. This is the way I resigned from the job in that company. 5. They argued with hot words and gradually they got excited, until at last one of them resorted to reckless measures. 6. To the surprise of all present, the hero was gone. 7. I was just about half-way through my sixth year when one morning at breakfast we children were informed to our utter dismay that we could no longer be permitted to run absolutely wild. 8. Like all politicians, he says he wants to do good for people, but I think he has an axe to grind. 9. From my perspective, I think you behaved rudely before your mom. 10. Her new evening dress is the last word in Paris fashion. B. 改错 1. It is say that she is a movie star. 2. They tell that there will be a heavy storm tomorrow. 3. This is the way which I saw the results. 4. This is the reason that why she could not receive a normal school education. 5. After suffering from the hurt, at finally he stood up and decided to start from the very beginning. 6. He ran faster and faster, till last he reached the destination first. 7. The poor man was simply just reaching into straws when he took his dying wife to another doctor. 8. She walked fast, till at last she caught up the train on time. 9. To the surprise, the taste was not as he had imagined it. 10. To the joy by his mother, he won first prize. 【参考答案】 1. say―said 2. tell―say 3. which―that 4. 去掉why 5. finally―last 6. till后加at 7. into―at 8. up后 加to 9. the―his 10. by―of 第三步:伟人伟招 1. If there were less sympathy in the world, there would be less trouble in the world. (O. Wilde) 如果世界上少一些同情～世界上也就会少一些麻烦。,王尔 德, 【点评】“if there were less/more?, there would be less/more?.”是一个虚拟语气句型～在四级里面用一下可 以给你的文章增色不少。 2. The most exhausting thing in life is being insincere. (A. M. Lindbergh) 生活中最使人筋疲力尽的事是弄虚作假。,林德伯格, 【点评】“the most exhausting / terrible thing is ?” 句型要掌握。我们再进一步学两个常用的最高级句型: ?the + ~est +n.+ (that) +S.+ have ever + seen (known/heard/had/read, etc) ?the most+ adj. +n.+ (that) +S.+ have ever + seen (known/heard/ had/read, etc) Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。 Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 常老师是我曾经遇到的最仁慈的教师。 3. It is discouraging to think how many people are shocked by honesty and how few by deceit. (N. Coward) 令人沮丧的是～有那么多人对诚实感到吃惊～而对欺骗感到 吃惊的人却那么的 少。,科沃德, 【点评】对什么现象和观点不满或者不同意时～可以使用～ 是加分句型。 第四步:实践与提高 补充练习:将下列句子翻成汉语～注意总结句子结构。 1. Whereas other societies look to the past for guidance, we cast our nets forward.,面向未来, 2. It is the belief in a brighter future that gives us optimism. 3. Even these days, when not all progress seems positive (nuclear weapons, air pollution, unemployment, etc.), the belief remains that for every problem there is a rational solution. 4. The job of parents is to give children every opportunity while they are growing up and then get out of their way. 5. What deference people in authority do command is based on their actual powers rather than on their age, wisdom, or dignity. UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 10 其他经典句型(4) 其他经典句型,4, 第一步:经典句型展示 1. He is the wisest infant that ever lived. 他是个前所未见的聪明的小婴孩。 【分析】“the wisest man that ever live”是从最高级+that ever的结果强化出来的～表示“之前所活的最聪明的人”～即“前所未见的聪明人”的意思。 2. There were two persons coming toward me: the former was my uncle, the latter was my father. 有两个人朝我走过来～前面的是我叔叔～后面的是我父亲。 【分析】?“the former?the latter ?”是表示“前者?后者?”的意思。?“the one?the other?”可以表示“相近”的意思。?“this?that?”同样表示“相近”的意思～即“前者?后者?”～但这时候this?that?的顺序是相反～请特别留意。 3. She is the last person to leave her parents. 她是个绝不离开她父母的人。 【分析】“the last man+动词不定式”～表示“绝不?的人”的意思。动词不定式有时可以用that引导的从句来代替。 4. The moment you understand this, you will only have further difficulties. 只要你一了解这规则～就不会有困难。 【分析】? the moment=as soon as～表示“一?就?”的意思～它起到一个连接词的作用～引导条件状语从句。the instant也具有相同的用法。? immediately、directly等副词～也同样是一个用来表示“?就?”的连接词。 5. The nearer the dawn, the darker the night. 越接近黎明～夜就越黑。 【分析】the more?the more?～是一个“the +比较级?the +比较级?”的句型～表示“愈?就愈?”的意思～注意:这时的the不是定冠词～而是一种副词。 第二步:练习与进步 A. 翻译 1. 他是个我所见过的最固执己见的人。 2. 乘火车旅行比乘飞机旅行更便宜且更有趣～因此大多数人喜欢选择前者更胜于后者。 3. 娱乐与工作对我们的健康都很必要～前者让我们得以放松～后者则给我们的活力。 4. 对于这件事～我的父亲是绝对不会考虑的。 5. 只要你一踏进“事实”的世界～你就踏进了“限度”的世界。 6. 知道并不表示智慧～许多人知道不少事情～结果却反而更笨。 7. 一个人如果没有足够的见识～知道得越多～对他反而越 坏。 8. 新闻记者是个绝对不会说广告无效的人。 9. 人们对自己的世界所知愈少～就对自己周围的事愈无法 控制与了解。 【参考答案】 1. He is the most persistent man I have ever seen. 2. Traveling by train is cheaper and more interesting than traveling by air, therefore most people prefer the former over the latter. 3. Amusement and work are both necessary to our health; the former can give us relaxation and the latter can give us energy. 4. My father was the last man to take into consideration issues concerning this matter. 5. The moment you step into the world of facts, you step into the world of limits. 6. To know is not to be wise. Many men know a great deal, and are all the greater fools for it. 7. If one hasn’t got plenty of common sense, the more science he has, the worse for him. 8. A journalist would be the last person to say that there is not any virtue in advertisement. 9. The less man knew about his world, the less subject to his control or understanding were the events which surrounded him. B. 改错 1. This is the larger elephant that I have ever seen. 2. He is bravest person that I have ever encountered. 3. Tom and Betty went to school. One arrived at seven o’clock and another arrived at half past seven. 4. Health is above wealth, for it can give as much happiness. 5. We were last people to approve the opinion. 6. He is the last person that I expected to see. 7. As soon it turns red, it will become edible. 8. That moment you get in, nothing can hit you. 9. The hard the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. 10. The more we study, the many we discover our ignoramus. 【参考答案】 1. larger―largest 2. is―is the 3. another―the other 4. for it―for nothing. 5. last―the last 6. is―was 7. As soon―As soon as 8. That moment―The moment 9. hard―harder 10. the many―the more 第三步:伟人伟招 1. 力劈华山式 I’ve never any pity for conceited people, because I think they carry their comfort about with them. (George Eliot ) 我从不怜惜自负的人们～因为我觉得他们无处不能自我安 慰。,艾略特, 【点评】该句型用来直接表达自己的观点再好不过。 2. 最好最坏式 The worst tragedy for a poet is to be admired through being misunderstood. (J. Cocteau) 对于诗人 来说～最大的悲剧莫过于由于误解而受到钦佩。,科克托, 【点评】“the + best\worst\most effective way\measure is to?”结构结合该句学习。 3. 少壮不努力～老大徒伤悲式 If you do not learn to think when you are young, you may never learn. (Edison) 如果你年轻时不学 会思考～那就永远不会。,爱迪生, 【点评】这是个很好的警告别人、指出危害的句型。 看到各位大师的作品后～长江后浪推前浪～我们再加强学习 9个简单实用的句型。 ? Get into the habit of + Ving = make it a rule to + V.,养成?的习惯, We should get into the habit of keeping good hours. 我 们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。 ? Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + n./Ving, ?,因为?, Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream. 因为他的鼓励～我终于实现我的梦想。 ? For the past + 时间～S. + 现在完成式?,过去?年来～? 一直?, For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来～我一直忙着准备考试。 ? be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V.,不得不?, Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. 既然考试迫在眉睫～ 我不得不放弃做运动。 ? It is time + S. + 过去式,该是?的时候了, It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 该是有关当 局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 ? By +Ving, ?can?,借着?～?能够?, By exercising, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动～我们能够始终保持健康。 ? ?enable + Object,受词,+ to + V.,?使?能够?, Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. 听音 乐使我们能够感觉轻松。 ? There is no doubt that + 句子?,毫无疑问地?, There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问地～我们 的教育制度令人不满意。 或者:There is no denying that + S. + V.?,不可否认 地?, There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认地～ 我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 ? ?cannot emphasize the importance of?too much. ,再 怎么强调?的重要性也不为过。, We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 第四步:实践与提高 补充练习:将下列句子翻成汉语～注意总结句子结构。 1. In a society that changes as fast as ours, experience simply does not have the value that it does in more stagnant societies. 2. It has taken a long time to convince the public that free enterprise does not mean that a company should be free to pollute the air, foul the rivers, and destroy the forests. 3. Equipped with the money, one can acquire the taste, style, and ideas that mark each class and launch a quick ascent of the social ladder. 4. No one could seriously think that anyone who grows up poor, lives in a bad neighborhood, and attends an inferior school has an opportunity equal to that of someone more favored. 5. As the case illustrates, competition takes four general forms: ? UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 10 其它经典句型(5) 其他经典句型,5, 第一步:经典句型展示 1. She can speak seven foreign languages to say nothing of her English. 她能讲七种外国语言～更不用说英语了。 【分析】?“say nothing of?”是用来表示“更不用说是?”的意思。?“not to speak of?”与“no to mention?”也是用来表示相同的意思。?“not to say?”则表示“即使不能说?”的意思。 2. To tell the truth, I don’t like her at all. 说实在话～我一点也不喜欢她。 【分析】? to tell the truth= to say the truth～是用来表示“说实在话”、“说老实话”的意思～它是一个独立主格结构～用来修饰整个句子。? to be frank with you,坦白地说,～to make a long story short,简单地说,～to do one justice,公平的说,～与to tell the truth是个相类似的句型。 3. When I was a boy, I was too cowardly to go out at might. 当我还是个小孩时～我太胆小以致夜晚不敢出门。 【分析】? too?to?= so?that?cannot?～表示“太?以致无 法?”的意思,? too?for+意义上的主语+to?的句型也表示相同的意思。 4. This mountain is twice as large as that one. 这座山大约是那座山的两倍高。 【分析】? twice as large as 是表示“两倍的大小”的意思。当twice改为three times four times?时～则表示“三倍、四倍?”的意思～此外“as+adj.+as”结构还可用“as+adv.+as”表达,?“?as+adj.+n.+as?”也可以表示同样的意思。 第二步:练习与进步 A. 翻译 1. 她种植了各种不同类型的珍贵花卉～更不用说是玫瑰和茉莉花了。 2. 不能花太短的时间来完成关系一生的大事。 3. 说实在话～他二十年前没能接受到正规学校教育。 4. 中国超过日本二十倍大的面积。 5. 她肯定在做白日梦～看起来她的心思好像在千里的地方。 6. 不知道是由于我太以自我为中心或是太孤僻～以致总是 无法和我所认识的人成为坦诚相交的朋友。 7. 一般来说～在我们太空时代的幼年期～人类对太空的探 索～就是靠其想象力。 8. 他大意是说:“同样一个象征符号不同的文化中却有着不同的含意”。 9. 东京的人口是日本人口的十分之一。 10. 他的年龄是我的三倍。 【参考答案】 1. She raised quite different kinds of precious flowers to say nothing of roses and jasmine. 2. Take not too short a time to do well something that will influence you all through your life. 3. To tell the truth, he did not receive a normal education twenty years ago. 4. The land area of China is more than twenty times larger than that of Japan. 5. Her head was certainly in the clouds: she looked like her mind was a thousand miles away. 6. I’m either too self-centered or too reserved to be on confidential terms with anyone I know at all well. 7. In the early years of our space age, generally speaking, man’s exploits in space relied upon his imagination. 8. He speaks to the effect that the same symbol can carry different implications in different cultures. 9. The population of Tokyo is one-tenth of Japan’s as a whole. 10. He is three times as old as me. B. 改错 1. He is three times old as me. 2. The exhibition this time attracted two as many visitors as the last time. 3. The question was enough complicated for me to answer. 4. He walked very fast for me to follow him. 5. Tell the truth, I can only lend you 500 yuan. 6. To be frank at you, he tried his best. 7. You want to be the champion? I think you are crying into the moon. 8. He has much experience, to say everything of knowledge. 9. She is pretty, nothing to say of her humor. 10. To tell truth, he is an honest man and can work well under pressure. 【参考答案】 1. old前加as 2. two―twice 3. enough―too 4. very― too 5. Tell―To tell 6. at―with 7. into―at 8. everything―nothing 9. nothing to say―to say nothing 10. truth―the truth 第三步:伟人伟招 1. 授人以渔式 In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a living, but to make a life.(W. A. White) 教育不是为了教会青年人谋生～而是教会他们创造生活。,怀 特, 【点评】该结构可以用来代替trying to～令你的文章更富 魅力。 2. 热血青年式 I would rather see a young man blush than turn pale. (M. P. Cato ) 我宁可看到青年人脸红～也不愿看到他脸色变得苍白。,加 图, 【点评】would rather?than?,宁可?～也不?句,型。 3. 言论自由式 I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. (Voltaire) 我不同意你说的话～但我愿意誓死捍卫你说话的权利。,伏尔泰, 【点评】I disapprove of?, but I will? 表示不同意某一观点～然后给自己留下余地。 看到各位大师的作品后～长江后浪推前浪～我们再加强学习10个简单实用的句型。 ? Leave much to be desired,令人不满意, The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 我们的交通状况令人不满意。 ? Have a great influence on?,对?有很大的影响, Smoking has a great influence on our health. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。 ? do good to,对?有益,～do harm to,对?有害, Reading does good to our mind. 读书对心灵有益。 Overworking does harm to one’s health. 工作过度对健 康有害。 ? Pose a great threat to?,对?造成一大威胁, Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 污 染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。 ? do one’s utmost to + V. = do one’s best,尽全力去?, We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life. 我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。 ? It pays to + V.?,?是值得的, It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。 ? be based on,以?为基础, The progress of society is based on harmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。 ? Spare no effort to + V.,不遗余力地, We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。 ? bring home to + 人 + 事,让?明白?事, We should bring home to people the value of working hard. 我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。 ? be closely related to?,与?息息相关, Exercising is closely related to health. 做运动与健 康息息相关。 第四步:实践与提高 补充练习:将下列句子翻成汉语～注意总结句子结构。 1. Moreover, both common sense and our experiences with children inform us that people tend to mimic the language and behavior they are exposed to. 2. Those who advocate unbridled individual expression might point out that the right of free speech is intrinsic to a democracy and necessary to its survival. 3. The suggested reason for buying the car is obvious: it is the intelligent choice. 4. The lesson here is that advertising, in itself, probably will not achieve as great of an importance as art. 5. Common sense tells us that a photographer can succeed by working in media. UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 11 记叙文的思路与练习 记叙文的思路与练习 记叙文是以叙述人物的经历和事物的发展变化过程为主要表现形式的一种文体。记叙文既可以以写人为主～又可以以写事为主。写记叙文要注意记叙文的“六大要素”即: 时间,When,—— 何时发生～有没有具体时间, 地点,Where,—— 何地发生～有没有地点变化, 人物,Who,—— 何人参与～谁是主角, 事件,What,—— 发生了什么～有何特点, 原因,Why,—— 事件的起因, 结果,How,—— 事件的经过及结局, 一般说来～在一篇记叙文中这六大要素是缺一不可的。 记叙文的思路就围绕这六大要素充分展开。 【例】四级考试中～只出现过一次专门的记叙文体裁的写作～ 即“An Early Morning Walk”,1988.6.,～2003年6月出现过包含记叙文的作文～即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。 对于“An Early Morning Walk”～知道命题要求后～我们就要开始构思了。 When:题目已规定了是“清晨”～在这个时候～“我”去散步。 Where:到哪儿散步,去公园,在校园里,在街上,街上空气不好～还是不去:,。 Who:在公园里看到晨练的人:中老年人、年轻人、小孩子,在校园里看到读书背单词的学生。 What:人们热火朝天地做操～随音乐跳舞～打球～等等。 Why:清晨空气清新～适合锻炼,一日之际在于晨～背背书～读读单词。 当然～由这个题目可以令人想到很多东西～因篇幅所限～我们做了删减。 参考范文 An Early Morning Walk One morning I got up very early, and everything around was very quiet. The sun had just risen, shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk. There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees. I strolled along the street toward the park, breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy. When I arrived at the park, I found, to my surprise, that there were so many people there. Men and women, boys and girls, all were enjoying themselves in their various activities. Some were doing morning exercises, some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully. I wandered around the park. To my delight, I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park. I went up and spoke to them in English. We soon became friends. I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English. On the way home, I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful. Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 【点评】文章按照时间顺序,in chronological order,～ 第一句话点明时间(One morning)、人物(第一人称“I”)～ 并简要描述了早晨的特点,What was the setting,～接着 第二段第一句话交代地点,in the park,～然后介绍公园里 人们及作者的活动,What was happening,～最后在文章结 尾点题～即～归纳中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 仅仅189个单词既满足了记 叙文的“六大要素”～又有明确的中心思想和生动的细节～ 行文方式符合要求。 1. 以“A Most Unlucky Day”为题～想想该怎么写。注意: 题目的中心词是“unlucky”。 When: Where: Who: What: Why: How: 参考思路 When:哪一天是最倒霉的日子,考前的晚上,公布成绩的日子,周末, Where:在大街上违章停车,在学校,在商场,在经常光顾的地方——食堂、餐厅、麦当劳、图书馆、溜冰场、投影厅, Who:是我倒霉,是好友,你,那个蛋白质室友, What:拿到罚单,上课上班迟到,失恋,被窃,四级没过, Why:倒霉嘛～无非是运气不好～睡过头了、态度恶劣、偷懒、不刻苦? How:一团糟～挨批～心情极度沮丧～不过也无所谓嘛? 想完之后～我们再花点儿功夫将关联的东东挑出来～别忘了 本文的中心是“unlucky”。 根据自己的思路～写一篇文章: 参考范文 A Most Unlucky Day I had a streak of tough luck yesterday. Everything, it seemed to me, went wrong. And I simply couldn’t understand why all the bad things happened to me in one single day. In the morning, as luck would have it, my alarm clock didn’t ring, and with an aching head I woke up half an hour later than usual. I was in such a hurry that, when making an omelet, I got my fingers burnt and splashed the omelet all over the floor of the kitchen. Having no time for my breakfast at that point, I rushed out of my house with an empty stomach and hurting fingers. I had intended to catch the 7:30 subway, but somehow I couldn’t make it. I became very nervous at the mere thought of being late for my English class, because my English teacher is very strict and demanding, and he gets angry whenever any student is late for his class. After getting off the 7:40 subway, I raced all the way from the station to my school, thinking it would be impossible for me to flag a taxi at this hour of the day. At the corner of the street near my school, I abruptly bumped into a man and, worse luck, broke the glasses I had bought for 500 yuan just last week. With scarcely any time to receive or offer an apology, I just kept on running and running. At long last, I arrived at the school only to find, with great sadness mixed with some relief, that the school was empty and the classrooms were all locked. It was Saturday. My ill luck showed no sign of coming to an end. When I returned home greatly frustrated, I found myself locked out. In my hurry I had forgotten to bring the key with me. Just my luck! 【点评】这篇文章按照时间顺序一气呵成。文章的标题、第 一句和最后一句都点出了中心思想:“I had a most unlucky day”。故事从作者醒来开始～在慌慌张张中煎蛋卷、赶地铁、 急奔学校、撞破眼镜、发现白忙乎了一场～最后猛然清醒— —匆忙之中忘了钥匙:整个故事描述得精彩生动～既有动作 的细节又有作者内心的感受～让读者也身临其境地体会了倒 霉的一天。 A: 根据以下提示叙述一场交通事故:1,用第一人称,2, 短语提示:drive home at about 30 kilometers an hour, it was dark,a small girl chased a dog,not hit her but hit a car in the other direction3,写出作者对此交通 意外的感想。 参考范文 Last night I was driving home from work. I had an accident. I was following behind a truck, driving at about 30 kilometers an hour. I was watching the traffic carefully because it was getting dark. Suddenly a small girl ran onto the road from the left. She was chasing a dog and she wasn’t paying any attention to the traffic. I immediately applied the brakes and turned the steering wheel quickly to the right. The girl jumped towards the side of the road as soon as she saw my car. Fortunately I did not hit her, but I hit a car coming in the other direction. Luckily I was not driving very fast so the damage was not serious. It is better to damage a car than to injure a young child, I thought to myself. B: 以第一人称写一篇记叙文～讲述在旅行中经历的一件小 事。 参考范文 Go on a Mediterranean Journey My wife and I have always enjoyed traveling by sea～ and last year we decided to go on a Mediterranean journey. Although our holiday was rather expensive we thought that the high standard of accommodation, the first-class food and the many interesting places we saw were well worth the price we paid. We found that most of the other passengers were friendly and interesting, but there was one man, a Mr. James, who irritated and annoyed us. Whatever subject we talked about, it seemed that he was an expert at it. He had, apparently, read more books, visited more countries and studied more languages, than anyone else had. After a few days, we ate our meals in silence, because nobody wanted to begin a conversation that would soon be taken over by this man. Then my wife had an idea. She suggested that we might think of an unusual subject, look it up in an encyclopedia and then talk about it at dinner. If it were an unusual subject, Mr. James could not possibly know anything about it. The subject we chose was “English Agriculture in the Eleventh Century.” At dinner that night we discussed this subject with great enthusiasm. Mr. James was silent. We realized we had at last come to find something he knew nothing about. UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 12 说明文的思路与练习 说明文的思路与练习 说明文是用言简意赅的语言来介绍客观事物～讲清事理～并给人增加知识的一种文体。说明文解说事物的特点、发展变化规律～分析前因后果～目的在于使读者“明白事理”～获得必要的信息～对事物有个较完整明晰的了解和认识。说明文不同于记叙文和议论文～它重在给人介绍～让人明白～因而～轻“情义”重事实。说明文与议论文关系密切～有人将其统称为议论文。但在写作的目的和方法上两者仍有区别。说明文主要是通过事实客观地解释或说明事物本身,而议论文则以事实、数据等为证据～表明主观见解～使读者信服或赞同某一观点。 历年四级考试中的“How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English”、“My Ideal Job”以及图表作文的第一段都属于说明文的范畴～如～2002年6月的根据坐标图写题为“Students Use of Computers”的作文。 说明文必须按一定的顺序进行说明:时间顺序、空间顺序、 逻辑顺序或认识顺序～选择具体的特点和细节来说明。 所以～说明文的思路要围绕说明顺序、事物的特点和细节展 开。例如: 范文点评 A Famous Clock When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down! 【点评】这是《新概念英语》中的一篇经典说明文～介绍了 世界著名的“大本钟”。文章开篇指明该钟位于英国伦敦～ 且全世界的人们通过BBC就能够听到钟声。接下来讲述了“大 本钟”的由来～特点——不仅外型巨大～而且走时准确～在 结尾处讲了“大本钟”的一个幽默的小插曲——油漆工把油 漆桶挂在指针上～把钟弄慢了。细读这篇文章～我们不难发 现～区区159个单词就把“大本钟”的光辉形象牢牢地刻在 读者的脑海里～为什么,本文基于事实～分析了主题的来龙 去脉～语言简洁又不失生动贴切～作者态度客观又充满幽默～ 使读者既“明白了事理”～又对事物有较完整明晰的了解认 识～此乃说明文之真谛也。 以“Goals”为题打 开一篇说明文的思路。 参考思路 1,目标的分类:,可根据时间顺序～空间顺序、逻辑顺序或 认识顺序～任选一个进行分类和排列, 2,各个类别的特点和细节: 3,组织成文: 范文点评 Goals Everyone has goals. Many people do not reach their goals for lack of planning. These three sets of goals should be developed: lifetime, intermediate and short term. Lifetime goals should be written out. These goals should be clear and reasonable. For instance, the goal to win a research prize is clear and measurable. Other lifetime goals might include publishing a certain number of influential books or articles, earning a departmental chairmanship at a major university, successfully competing for a grant from the National Science Foundation or securing a consultantship with a big corporation. Intermediate goals relate to outcomes during the next few years. For the beginning doctoral student, intermediate goals may include completion of course work and preparation of a doctoral research proposal. Like lifetime goals, these are measurable and clearly stated. Short-term goals involve outcomes expected during the next 12 months. These goals are more performance oriented, and they help with achievement of intermediate goals. Examples of short-term goals are earning an A in a course, learning how to program a computer or performing an experiment. 【点评】本文介绍了人生的三种目标:终生的、长期的和短 期的目标。在文中采用了说明文常用的方法:定义、举例、 分类和比较等。 对这些方法我们要了解并且掌握: 1. 定义法,definition, 定义法是用下定义的方式去揭示事物本质特征或概念内涵。 它能使读者迅速抓住本质属性和基本特点。此法的句型: ? ? is a/the ? of ? which/that ?? ? relate to/involve/refer to ? 【例】 ,1,Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols which is used for human communication. 语言是人类用 来交际的任意性的语音符号体系。 ,2,Intermediate goals relate to outcomes during the next few years. ,3,Short-term goals involve outcomes expected during the next 12 months. 2. 举例法,illustration, 举例法就是举出实际事例来说明事物的方法～是最常见～往 往也是最有效的阐释模式。 专家提醒 举例时应挑选具体、典型且有能力表达清楚的例子～并注意按照一定的顺序编排。 请看上述范文第二段:“For instance”引出“lifetime goals”的实例～如～赢得研究奖金、出版有影响书或文章、获得大学的系主任职位、获得国家自然科学基金及大公司稳定的顾问职位。 3. 分类法,classification, 分类法就是把说明的对象～按一定的标准划分成不同类别分别加以说明的方法。如:上述范文介绍人生的三种目标～并按照时间的长短对终生目标、长期目标和短期目标做了分类说明。 4. 比较法,comparison, 比较法是用一个事物和与其有联系的其他事物加以对比的说明方法。目的是为了帮助读者准确地区分事物～通过对比达到对该事物的深刻认识。 如:上述范文对三种人生目标在时间上和实际操作上进行了 比较～并阐明了彼此的联系。 ,1,Lifetime goals should be written out. ,2,Like lifetime goals, these are measurable and clearly stated. ,3,These goals are more performance oriented, and they help with achievement of intermediate goals. 5. 数字法,statistics, 数字法是运用数据来表明事物的本质和特点～准确合理的数 据使文章精确可信。 【例】 ,1,Nearly half of all Americans over age 20 wear a bridge or denture～and more than 20 percent have complete upper and lower denture. By age 50, one out of every two persons has gum disease. ,2,And it seems sensible to wait. One quarter of all marriages between people under twenty-one end in divorce. In Britain in 1972, there were 124,248 divorces. 说明文的说明方法除上面介绍的常见的几种以外～还有诸如 分项法、列举法、比喻法及引用法等～只有综合运用多种说 明方法～才能多角度、多层次地全面、清晰、准确地展示客 观事物的本来面貌。 1. 用定义法解释: CET-4: the Olympic Games: a skeleton in the cupboard: Hope Project: qualifications: 2. 用举例法说明: 教育的重要性: 当前网络游戏的危害: 成功的方法: 健身的种种看法: 大学生学好英语的方法: 3. 用分类法说明: 社会实践的方面: 课外活动: 大学生谈恋爱的原因: 大学毕业生的分配情况: 食堂的伙食: 4. 用比较法说明: 留学的利弊: 兼职的好坏: 不同的减肥方法: 题海战术与素质教育: 5. 用数字法说明: 大学生的身体状况: 大学生的就业现状: 汽油价格上涨带来的影响: 手机的使用情况: 中国人住房状况: 6. 借助说明文的构思方法～看看下列题目该如何写: ,1,The Layout of a Hospital Direction: You are asked to write a composition about “The Layout Of a Hospital”. Locate some important departments in the hospital based on the picture and information given below. Your compositions should be no less than 100 words. 1,the Emergency Department 2,the Out-patient Department 3,the Surgery Department 4,Dispensary/Pharmacy 5,Physician Department 6,the Eye, Ear, and Throat Department 7,the Dental Department 8,the Laboratory 9,the X-ray Department 10,the Administrative Building 11,the Ward 参考范文 Near the gate, on the west side of the road is the Emergency Department. Opposite the Emergency Department across the Main Road is the Out-patient Department. The building to the southwest of the lake is the Dispensary, which faces the Surgery Department lying on the other side of the road. Along the west wall, from south to north, stand three buildings: the Physician Department, the Eye, Ear, and Throat Department, and the Dental Department. The Laboratory is to the northwest of the round about, and beside the Laboratory, the X-ray Department is located on the same side of the road. A winding road by the lake leads to the Ward. Near the end of the main road, the Administrative Building is situated on the east side. The hospital is nicely and conveniently laid out. 1. How to Lose Weight 思路提示:第一段先综述现象:大家都想保持身材要求减肥。 第二段介绍多余的体重在身体中形成的原因。第三段提出相 应的减肥方法。在最后一段～提出总结性的看法～指出减肥 的要诀就是:减少摄入的卡路里～通过运动增加卡路里的消 耗量。 参考范文 How to Lose Weight A beautiful and healthy figure is everyone’s dream. However, not everyone can easily fulfill this dream. Overweight people often have to find precise ways to lose weight. For normal healthy people, weight is gained by taking in more calories than the body needs. Therefore, if you want to lose weight, you either have to eat fewer calories or find ways to use up more calories you take in. Dieting is probably the most popular way of losing weight, because when on a diet, you are taking fewer calories. However, the body needs many elements in order to stay healthy, and “fad” or starvation diets are bad because they are not nutritiously balanced. A better way of dieting is to keep track of everything you eat, either by your own careful choices or by buying, for a week at a time, the packaged meals sold by some diet companies. If you do not normally exercise, you should also begin sensible exercises for your age and lifestyle to help your body use up surplus calories. In short, a combined effort of reducing the calories you eat and using up more calories than usual through exercises should help you shed off part of your body. UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 13 议论文的思路与练习,1, 议论文的思路与练习,1, 议论文又称论说文～是一种既常见又十分重要的文体。在四 级作文考试中运用得最多。议论文通常采用摆事实讲道理的 方式～围绕着某一个有争议的观点展开论证～陈述各种理由～ 表明作者立场、阐明作者观点看法。在文章中要明确地表明 赞成什么、反对什么～用词不能模棱两可～必须明确肯定。 议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证～其中论点要鲜明～论 据要合理、恰当、充分～论证过程要逻辑严密。 关于记叙文的思路打开～我这里推荐几种方法: 1. 生活化细节联想法 针对大多数相对抽象不好下手的作文题目～我们可以先把作文题同自身联系到一起～把抽象、概括的作文题细化到自己身边～先打开一个突破口～再顺藤摸瓜～进行发散式联想。请看例子: What are your opinions about the advantages and disadvantages of fast food? 题目的主体是快餐～方向为利弊处。先不要考虑快餐是好是坏～而应该先考虑你身边的、你知道的快餐究竟有哪些～这些快餐给你或你的家人带来了哪些影响。请看一位同学记录下来的思路。请注意其跳跃性。 ? 遍地都是麦当劳、肯德基、永和豆浆、馄饨、油条。 ? 每次老爸不在家时～我吃鸡腿汉堡～快～省事、省时间。不用买菜～切菜～做菜～蒸饭～洗碗～擦桌子。 不过还是老爸做的饭好吃～吃麦当劳吃不饱。为什么呢,油少～没营养: ? 永和24小时～但东西贼贵～晚上避风的好地方～粥还行～油条～烂: ? 麦当劳小孩多～因为玩具多～电视上有很多他们的广告～小孩又哭又笑～学鸡叫的那个广告特傻～??儿童乐园。 ? 还是太贵。在美国～垃圾食品～到了中国～特火:洋货,老爸不爱吃汉堡～因有奶酪。不符合中国人的口味～农民就不喜欢～中国有8亿农民?? ,为了方便大家阅读～我们在录入时加入了一半字数, 大家不妨问问自己两个问题: ——上面的东西不够写120字吗, ——上面的东西用英文表达难吗, 答案是否定的。试想～有了这个思路～无论怎么写～从哪一个方面写～我们都不缺观点和支持观点的细节性论据。 写下你对下列题目在生活中的联想,中英文混写, 1) Harmfulness of Fake Commodities 2) the Influence of the Internet 2. 逆向思维联想法 有一些题目从正面不好罗列素材～总结观点～我们可以从命 题的对立面去思考问题～这样往往可以达到意想不到的收 获。如果问题是一个东西有什么样的好处～也许这个东西是 日常生活中常见的东西～我们早已对其失去了敏感～这个时 候不妨想一想如果失去了这个东西～我们的生活会受到哪些 影响。试举一例: In 1995, an Englishman killed a burglar who broke into his house. He was sentenced. Do you think he should be sentenced? How can we protect our property? 文章的关键在于How can we protect our properties,,我 们如何保护自己的财产,,对于大多数同学来讲～对财产的 概念还不清楚～谈何保护措施,于是～从反面破题～从我们 周围的盗窃想起～请看一位同学的草稿: ? 前两天～丢了钱包～bus上～小偷走了～才有人告诉我～ 社会公德真有问题。 ? 学校的7台电脑CPU丢了～小偷从窗户爬进去的。学校3年都不修～宿舍经常丢鞋、丢衣服。 ? 家里与房地产开发公司打官司～合同有问题。 ? 警察现在都不管事～出了问题才来～没出问题～懒得理你～防患于未然。 ,为了方便阅读～我们把草稿上的英语译成了汉语, 有了上面的几个问题～综合分析保护个人财产的措施也就不难得出了～个人、单位、社会、国家都应采取相应的措施～而论证过程可以从草稿中总结说理～也可以按照草稿上的思路举反例论证。 总之～在拓展思维时～一定要避免定向的、大而空的思维模式～应尽量把作文题目大处化小～小处化细～细处才可见真情。 从事物的反面考虑下列题目～写下浮现在你脑海中的词句: 1) Advantages of a Harmonious Family 2) The importance of fresh drinking water UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 14 议论文的思路与练习,2, 议论文的思路与练习,2, 分类思考法 为了尽快地帮助同学们在尽可能短的时间里熟悉四级作文的命题思路～以及在短时间内能够找到合适的论述理由～我们通过分析历年四级考试真题并研究了命题方向～在此基础上 总结了四级作文通用的十大思考方向～很多题目要求考生分析某一现象发生原因或可能产生的影响～我们不妨从以下十个方向进行思考～打开思路: 1) 方便:convenient, convenience 相关话题:computer, internet～出外吃饭～电话～城市生活～例如: The Internet is far more convenient and efficient than the written word or other conventional means of conveying meaning. Advertisements can bring convenience to people’s lives. Modern means of transportation make it very convenient for people to travel far or near, thus saving a lot of time and energy. 2) 效率:efficient, efficiently, efficiency 相关话题:计算机和高科技,high-tech devices,减轻了 体力劳动,manual labor,～解放了人类,liberate humans,～ 让人们有更多的时间从事其他的事情,more time are spent on other necessary matters,等～例如: Advertisements build an efficient and direct link between manufacturers and customers. Modern science and technology make our lives more efficient. A phone call, an e-mail or a fax can all bring people closer and make the world smaller. 3) 节省和浪费:save time, save money, save space, economical, frugal, frugality; thrift, thrifty waste time\money\space, costly, time-consuming, lavish, 例 如: This will help them realize that it is not easy to make money and form the good habit of frugality. There are many other ways for people to know commodities, so it is a waste to invest large sums of money in making advertisements on TV. As for the young and middle-aged, they should make better use of their prime years instead of spending so much time raising pets. It’s a costly and time-consuming hobby. China is a developing country and many people are still below the poverty line. Some children of the right age in poverty-stricken areas can’t afford to go to school. … will be great extravagance of time, energy and money. 4) 心理与性格:mental health, spiritual health, psychological health, personality, character 好的性格 independent, independence, independently, cooperate, cooperative, cooperation, compete, competitive, competition, team spirit, considerate, confident, confidence, confidently, ambition, ambitious, individuality, tolerance, sociable, perseverance, deal with/solve problems by themselves (independent), optimistic 坏的性格 overbearing,专横的～傲慢的,, selfish, conservative, isolated, conceited,自以为是的,, egotistic,自我本位的,, arrogant, domineering,作威 作福的,～overzealous,过分热心的,～nihilist,虚无主 义的,～opportunistic,机会主义的,～pessimistic 性格的养成:cultivate, foster, develop, encourage, enrich, improve, enhance 例如: Taking a part-time job can help cultivate independence and develop a strong sense of responsibility. It will help foster a sense of competition and cooperation, which is quite necessary in one’s future career. Working outside campus can enhance one’s social awareness and help one become more socially adaptable. With this, students are able to keep pace with the outside world. It will do good for building up one’s confidence and offer one a sense of achievement because one can realize his value and capability. Through this experience, students can learn to cooperate and compromise and master interpersonal skills needed for future success. 5) 丰富的生活:pleasure, joy, recreation, entertain, entertaining, entertainment, leisure time, interesting, relax, relaxed, relaxation. 对立面:dull, monotonous, tired, bored, tiredness, boring, tiring, fatigue, lonely, loneliness, weary, weariness, too much stress from work,工作压力大,～leisure time,业 余时间增多,～例如: Gazing at the cold flickering screen is a disinteresting and tiring experience. It is not a good way to relax. Some advertisements are of high artistic value, original and well designed; therefore they add to the beauty of our lives. Raising pets is beneficial and joyful. 6) 环境:environment, environmental, pollute, polluted, pollution, pollutant, poisonous, contaminate, contamination, contaminated, contaminant, dirty, hygiene,卫生,～nature,自然,、on good terms with,和 谐相处,～ruin, destroy,破坏,～例如: Some leaflets and handouts are scattered here and there, polluting the environment. Some people are destroying our earth by overexploiting the natural resources for immediate interests. Too many cars running on the streets lead to air pollution and noise pollution. By using the Internet, we can save our natural resources such as forests. It is much more environmentally friendly. The traditional form of books consumes too much wood. 7) 身体健康:health, physical health, healthy, disease, strong, strength, energetic, energetically～physical fitness,健身,～raised awareness of fitness,健康意识的提高,～例如: Too much viewing of TV will lead people to a sedentary life lacking adequate exercise, which does harm to their health. Some people may be addicted to netsurfing, which impairs people’s physical and mental health. (eyesight, radiation) 8) 安全和危险:safe, safety, safely, in safe, danger, dangerous, in danger, risk, hazard, hazardous 9) 经验:experience, social experience 10) 发展: ¿ 学生学习的发展进步: cope with the relationship between part-time jobs and study,大学生能否兼顾学习与工作,～practice,如何学习 与实践,～be prepared for or meet the requirements of future occupations,如何面对未来职业的要求,。 ¿ 经济的发展: economy, create more jobs, increase the tax base, improve society’s welfare～the reform and open-up policies,改革开放政策,～economic construction,经济 建设,～market economy,市场经济,～sustainable development,可持续发展,～social atmosphere,良好的 社会风气,～social stability,社会稳定,～public order ,社会治安,～social changes or transformations,社会 变革,～ideas or thoughts,人们的思想观念,。 This exerts a negative impact on one’s study because … occupies much of a student’s valuable time. A student’ s sole task is to make good use of his limited time to acquire knowledge and skills which are essential to his future career. Part-time jobs may take up most of students’ valuable time for study and have a pernicious,有害的,effect on their study and overall development. It helps develop the economy, because it helps remove the obstacles in the way of progress and liberate people’s minds. ,新变化～新科技,? created more jobs to release the pressure of unemployment. … helps to improve the economic strength. 从以上十大通用原因中选择合适的来说明下列题目: 1. 社会实践的必要性 2. 改革四级考试的原因 3. 中国人家用汽车发展的优缺点 UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 15 议论文的思路与练习,3, 议论文的思路与练习,3, 我们今天不妨介绍几种简单易行的打开思路的法子～并不深 邃～但却简单易行～易于考生们操作: 1. 分组思考法: 在考虑某种现象的优缺点或影响的时候～如果发现从这种现象本身无法打开思路～不妨从它的受众去考虑。 例如在讨论网络的有缺点的时候～我们可以从网络的受众入手～把网络的使用者按照年龄分为:小孩、中青年和老人。分别讨论网络对他们的影响～对小孩:增进知识,对中青年:方便、有效率,对老年人:丰富生活。这样在写作的时候也比较容易～更会让文章显 得条理清晰。当然～分组的原则除了年龄外～还有好多别的选择～如职业、性别、国别等等。 根据分组思考法写出下列话题的思路: 1) no pain, no gain 2) the advantages of TV 3) the influence of noise in cities 2. 分层思考法 分层思考法和分组思考法原则很类似～只是划分的方法是按照层次的不同。 例如:在讨论如何解决全球性缺水的问题的时候～我们可以把解决方法分为:1,政府应该怎么做:制定相关法律,2,社会应该怎么办:鼓励节约用水的精神,3,个人——我～该怎么办:千里之行～始于足下～从我做起。当然也可以有另外的一些分层方法。 用分组思考法考虑下列话题并写下自己的思路: 1) 如何解决大学校园里的浪费现象 2) 如何解决人口问题,Problems of Population, 3) 谈论一下举办奥运会的好处 3. 举例说明法: 四级考试的考生都是成年人～很多是大学生～而且四级考试的题材多是和大家的生活相关的～所以有的时候用我们生活当中的例子来说明再好不过了。而且有些作文明确要求考生举例说明。 例如:Practice Makes Perfect,1997. 1,中就要求大家 以英语学习为例说明。 参考范文 As we all know, practice makes perfect. This is an accumulated experience we inherit from our forefathers, and now it is still widely applied in our daily lives. It proves that the more we practice, the more likely we are going to do things perfectly. A good case in point is the study of English. Take my neighbor, Xiao Wang, as an example. He seldom spends time learning English. As a result, his English is very poor and he has begun to hate English now. On the contrary, I’m very interested in learning English and I spend more than five hours each day on English. So the natural consequence is that I have a good mastery of the language and my interest in it has grown more intense. A lesson that we can draw from the above example is obvious. Practice is crucial to our success not only in study, but also in our future work. All in all, practice will make a difference between success and failure. (168 words) 这里我们列出一些经常用到的句子～希望对大家有所帮助: For example, For instance, It can be given as a concrete example that? Take? as an example. It is a very obvious case. There is one impressive example I want to mention here. Let’s see an example. It is best illustrated using the following example. Let me provide an example. Perhaps the most important example of ?is that? As I remember,/ Even to this day, I still remember that? I will never forget? To illustrate this, there is an example that is very persuasive. An instance that accompanies this reason is that? An example can give the details of this argument, ? It is a forceful example to demonstrate the importance of? History presented many examples of? In order to see this point clearly, let us see an example. 举例说明下列题目: 1) Where there is a will, there is a way 2) Money is not all-powerful 3) the Influence of the Internet 荐我的数学老师(700字)作文 荐会唱歌的猫(700字)作文 荐一件烦恼的事(450字)作文 荐冬(400字)作文 荐黄龙导游词(900字)作文