大学英语-大学四级模拟550

大学英语-大学四级模拟550 大学四级模拟550 Part ? Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Online Chat ting. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1、在线聊天的优点。 2(在线聊天的缺点。 3(我的观点。 Online Chatting Part ? Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet. For questions 1—7, mark Y (for YES) If the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) If the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) If the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8—10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. The Nanny State By the time they get to school, it's too late. The realisation that neglectful parenting in a child's earliest years can ruin its chances for life is shaping a new, expensive and interventionist approach to families in Britain. The government has increased spending on financial support to children by 64%, to , 24 billion( , 41 billion), since Labour came to power in 1997. In the latest splurge, it announced an extra, I billion for childcare, advice for struggling parents and cash benefits. Intervention in infancy is increasingly popular in America and in Europe, among all shades of opinion. Most leftwingers accept that bad parenting is not only about poverty; most conservatives accept that working mothers are not its sole cause. Disadvantage is clearly passed on early, and not just through the genes. There is evidence that, by the time they get to school, many dim two-year-olds from good homes have overtaken bright children from bad ones. Being read to, played with, properly fed and cuddled all hugely increase the likelihood of success in later life. Conversely, bad parenting increases the risk of everything from dropping out of school to illness, and eventually jail. The problems are working out what to do and then making it happen. The British approach, under file overall title of Sure Start, has several strands. One, aimed at 400,000 children in the poorest fifth of the country, is, in effect, supplemental parenting: free places in high-quality nurseries and creches, coupled with energetic advice-giving, a new network of children's centres, and home visits from volunteers. Then there is the general expansion of nursery' education. Already every four-yearold has the right to 2hours of state-financed nursery care a day. In 2004 that will include three-year-olds. Third is the plan to cut child poverty by a quarter by next year, and "end" it in 2020. But poverty, like cruelty, is hard to define. The government's definition, based on 60% of the median income, is a shifting target: as earnings rise, so does poverty. Moreover, not all cash-strapped parents are bad at raising children. Nonetheless, the government has energetically raised family benefits and tax credits. The poorest 20% of families with children, it says, will be , 2,900 a year better off in real terms than before Labour took power in 1997. For single-earners with two or more children, policies are even more redistributive. The money and effort that have gone into improving life for Britain's infants are the government's proudest boast—especially as other public-service reforms are looking increasingly tattered and battered. But problems lurk behind the determination. For a start, these policies are net necessarily compatible. Generous benefits distort the labour market and may encourage feckless behaviour. Frank Field, an iconoclastic Labour MP, notes that benefits for single mothers penalise those in stable relationships, which are clearly associated with good parenting. Encouraging mothers of young children to find jobs is another good thing: it benefits both them and the family budget. But if it means their children are dumped in front of the telly at a cheap childminder, the kids may be worse off than if they were at hone with mum. The government's unwillingness to pass judgment on bad parents also weakens this approach. The rhetoric around Sure Start is swathed with waffle about "inclusivity" and being "non-judgmental". "I don't have the right to call someone a bad parent," says Jane Cole, a senior Sure Start adviser. Don't blame parents, she says, but society. But studies of similar intervention in early childhood in America show it works best when programmes clearly tell parents what to do and why. Sure Start has almost nothing to say about the benefits of reading aloud, or the perils of too mnch television. According to a sceptic close to the scheme, there is too much about boosting parents' self-esteem and too little attention to making a real difference to children's lives. That leads on to the biggest question of all: whether this sort of intervention works. The statistical evidence from well-established programmes in America is at best mixed: the chihtren in greatest need tend to benefit least. A big study duc out in 2006 will answer the question definitively, but Krista Kafer of the Heritage Foundation, an American think-tank, fears that "all it really does is make us feel better as a society". Scandinavian countries have spent heavily on infants for decades, and the inheritance of disadvantage seems to have decreased—though it is difficult to prove that the two are connected. The British government's splurge on children is based on the hope that they are. Questions 1—10 2、Intervention in infancy is increasingly popular in America and in Africa. 3、Family planning in one of China's basic national policies. 4、The problems are working out how to de and then making it happen. 5、The government's definition of poverty is a shifting target. 6、Encouraging mothers of young children to find jobs is a good thing. 7、Sure Start has almost nothing to say about the benefits of reading aloud. 8、Scandinavian courtries have spent little on infants for decades. 9、The government has increased spending on financial support to child by ______ since 1997. 10、For single-earners with two or more children ,policies are even more ______. 11、The rhetoric around Sure Start is swathed with waffle about"______" and being "______". Part ? Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices markedA.,B.,C. andD., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark tile corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12、A. He has to wait for the plumber. B. He has to take the woman's packages to the post office. C. He has to see the doctor. D. He has to make a call. 13、A. At 2:50. C. At 2:45. B. At 3:50. D. At 1:50. 14、A. To the office. C. To the doctor. B. To the post office. D. To court. 15、A. She's going to London. B. She'd like to see all her friends before leaving. C. She left all her things to pack in two weeks. D. Because it takes a long time to pack everything. 16、A. By bus. C. On foot. B. By taxi. D. By tain. 17、A. In a hotel. C. In the street. B. At a dinner table. D. At the man's house. 18、A. She won the match easily. C. She lost the match though she did not fall. B. She won the match though she fell. D. She lost the match because she fell. 19、A. John is too young to leave home. C. John will be homesick in school. B. Teacher and student. D. John has to learn to be independent. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 20、A. To the supermarket. C. To her home. B. To school. D. To work outdoors. 21、A. She works at the meat counter. B. She puts groceries out on the shelves. C. She carries groceries out of the store for customers. D. She checks the quality of milk products. 22、A. He doesn't earn very much money. B. He has to work too many hours. C. He doesn't have time for lunch. D. He sometimes has to work in bad weather. 23、A. Finish his homework. C. Plant trees. B. Cut grass. D. Buy groceries. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 24、A. Reading. C. Doing research. B. Sleeping. D. Planning a trip. 25、A. He can't sleep at night. B. He can't find a quiet place to study. C. He can't narrow down his research topic. D. He can't find enough information for his research paper. 26、A. It would require a trip to Mexico. B. It's too broad a topic to research. C. He doesn't have relevant resource material. D. He's not interested in that part of the world. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA.,B.,C. andD.. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are bused on the passage you have just heard. 27、A. Watch children programs on TV. C. Give lessons on TV. B. Act TV shows. D. Go to TV school. 28、A. Forty a week. C. Twenty a week. B. Thirty a week. D. Ten a week. A. Children and TV. C. TV children's education. 29、 B. TV children and their teachers. D. TV children's work. Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30、A. Attend a football game alone. C. Eat in the cafeteria and study. B. Go to a sporting event. D. See a play. 31、A. It's the final game of the season. C. It's a very important game. B. It's better than the drama department's play. D. It's close to the cafeteria. 32、A. A play. C. A study group meeting. B. A game. D. Dinner in the cafeteria, Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33、A. It had many problems. B. It was the most democratic country in the world. C. It was fair to women. D. It had some minor problems to solve. 34、A. The women of some states. B. The women in the state of Wyoming only. C. The members of the National Women's Association. D. The women in the state of Massachusetts only. 35、A. At the very beginning of the 20th century. B. At the end of the 19th century. C. After Susan Anthony's death. D. Just before Susan Anthony's death. 36、A. She worked on the draft of American Constitution. B. She was the chairman of the National Women's Association. C. She was born in New York and died in Massachusetts. D. She was an activist in file women's movement for equal rights. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Using a new 37 device called Microwave Landing System (MLS) , airplanes will be able to land themselves. With MLS, more planes will be able to land on the ground more quickly and more safely without a pilot's touching the controls. From the time a plane enters the zone of area covered by MLS until it lands, it is controlled com plctcly and 38 Bad weather has no effect on the system, even zero 39 fog. The normal operations for landing—engine reversal, 40 , and steering—are 41 by MIS. The pilot does not have to do anything; however, the pilot may take control again if the need 42 Using the current 43 Landing System(ILS) ,pilots follow a radio beam. The ILS beam is very narrow, like a long tube. To follow it, airplanes must fly 44 along the beam, starting at least eight kilometers from beginning their approach to touchdown. In many cases, pilot must begin to follow ILS beam as far as 24 kilometers away from a touchdown point at the airport. 45 . The MLS uses a high-frequency beam, shaped like a big funnel with a large mouth. 46 instead of having to follow the long, narrow, straight in approaches of ILS. The MLS is so precise that planes can come in on parallel runways at intervals as short as 40 seconds apart without danger of collision. 47 Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word blank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the blank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the blank more than once. The rocket engine, with its steady roar like that of a waterfall or a thunderstorm, is an impressive symbol of the new space age. Rocket engines have 47 powerful enough to shoot astronauts 48 the earth's gravitational pull and land them on the moon. We have now become travelers space. Impressive and complex as it may appear, the rocket, which was 49 in China over 800 years ago, is a relatively simple device. Fuel that is 50 in the rocket engine changes into gas. The hot and rapidly 51 gas must escape, but it can do so only through an opening that 52 backward. As the gas is 53 with great force, it 54 the rocket in the opposite direction. Like the kick of a gun when it is fired, it 55 the laws of nature 56 by Sir Isaac Newton when he discovered that" for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction." A—follows B—developed C—faces D—proved E—radiated F—expanding G—pushes H—described I—turns J—burned K—beyond L—invented M—despite N—round O—dispersed Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choises markedA. ,B ) ,C ) and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Psychologists take opposing view of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various as pects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. "If kids know they are working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it is easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for re wards." A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary' a chievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenbcrger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to' tighten grading standards and restore failing grades. In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. 57、Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ______. A. the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards B. the amount of monetary rewards for students'creativity C. the study of relationship between actions and their consequence D. the effects of external rewards on students'performance 58、What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students? A. They have no doubt about them. B. They have doubts about them. C. They approve of them. D. They avoid talking about them. 59、Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Eisenberger? A. Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before. B. Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness. C. Giving them rewards they really deserve. D. Giving them rewards they anticipate. 60、It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ______. A. rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students B. punishment is more effective than rewarding C. failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards D. discouraging the student's anticipation for easy rewards is matter of urgency 61、The phrase token economies (the first sentence of Para. 5) probably refers to ______. A. ways to develop economy B. systems of rewarding students C. aproaches to solving problems D. methods of improving performance Passage Two Living in a second culture can be like riding on a roller coaster. Sometimes foreign visitors are elated; sometimes they are depressed. First there is the combination of enthusiasm and excitement that is felt while travelling. New foods and aromas, different faces, foreign language, and interesting customs all fascinate the traveller. A foreign visitor usually has high expectations and is eager to become familiar with a new culture. Of course, international travellers may have difficulties in understanding the adjustment problems that trouble them. Many people do not recognize that the problems, feelings, and mood changes that are related to living in a second culture are not unique. It is common for international visitors or immigrants to vacillate(摇摆) between loving and hating a new country. The newness and strangeness of a foreign cul ture are bound to affect a traveller's emotions.' "Culture shock" occurs as a result of total immersion(沉浸) in a new culture. It happens to "peo ple who have been suddenly transplanted abroad". Newcomers may be anxious because they do not speak the language, know the customs, or understand people's behavior in daily life. The visitor finds that "yes" may not always mean "yes", or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes. The notion of "culture shock" helps explain feelings of bewilderment and disorientation (不辨方向 ).Language problems do not account for all the frustrations(挫折) that people feel. When one is deprived of everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes, or knowing bow to make friends, difficulties in coping with new society may arise. 62、The word "elated" (Para. 1, Line 2) means ______. A. high-spirited C. curious B. low-spirited D. impressed 63、Living in a second culture, people unavoidably experience the following emotions except ______. A. culture shock C. enthusiasm B. excitement D. easiness 64、"Culture shock" refers to a feeling of ______. A. high expectation and depression B. stress and anxiety C. strangeness and newness D. excitement and enthusiasm 65、According to the passage, culture shock most likely happens to ______. A. a one-month visitor to a foreign country. B. a person who settles in a new country C. a one-year visiting scholar D. parents who visit their daughter in the USA 66、The passage mainly discusses A. how to be familiar with a new culture B. the problems of immigration C. cultural adjustment D. how to survive in a second culture Part ? Error Correction Directions: The passage contains ten errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of one error. In each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "? " sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. The Endangered Species Act orders the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, a branch of the Department of the Interior, protect species recognized 67. ______ as endangered, without regard of cost. The goal is to banish extinction from 68. ______ the U.S. Unfortunately, the present system has managed utterly to do this. 69. ______ Species are going extinct anyway, and the threats are multiplying. For every species that Fish and Wildlife have successfully removed from the 70. ______ endangered list in the past two decades, it has added more than one hundred thers. Because human interest cannot be ignored, not all species can be 71. ______ saved. Yet the current system demands the unattainable all species must be saved, and human benefits must be ignored. Amplifying this dissonance has been an unwilling in Congress. As a result, file agency has been driven 72. ______ to impose conservation tasks at those private-property owners who are tm 73. ______ lucky enough to have land sustains endangered species. To be safe 74. ______ against, possible prosecution, they must verify that using their property will 75. ______ cause the creature no harm. Endangered species thus become a liability that encourages otherwise responsible citizens to call in the bulldozers at the first glimpse of an endangered bird and lizard. 76. ______ Part ? Short Answer Questions Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the pas sage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words ( not exceeding 10 words). One summer my wife Chris and I were invited by friends to row down the Colorado River in a boat. Our expedition included many highly successful people—the kind who have staffs to take care of life's daily work. But in the wilder rapids, all of us naturally set aside any pretenses(矫饰) and put out backs into every stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over. At each night's encampment, we all hauled sup plies and cleaned dishes. After only two days in the river, people accustomed to being spoiled and indulged had become a team, working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river. I believe that in life—as well as on boat trips—teamwork will make all our journeys successful ones. The rhythms of teamwork have been the rhythms of my life. I played basketball alongside famous players, and the team I now coach, the New York Knicks, has recovered from years of adversity to become a ma jor contender in the 1990s. I'm persuaded that teamwork is the key to making dreams come true. We all play on a number of teams in our lives—as part of a family, as a citizen, as a member of an agreement, written or unwritten. It contains the values and goals for every team member. For example, in the late 1970s a General Motors plant in Fremont, Calif was the scene of constant warfare between labor and management. Distrust ran so high that the labor contract was hundreds of pages of tricky legal terms. GM spent millions trying to keep the facility up to date, but productivity and quality were continually poor. Absenteeism(旷工) was so out of control that the production line couldn't even start up on some mornings. Finally in the early 1980s, GM shut down the plant. GM became convinced that it had to create new production systems based on teamwork. In the mid 1980s it reopened the Fremont plant with Toyota, starting from scratch(从零开始) with a much simpler and shorter labor contract. It promised that executive salaries would be reduced and jobs performed by outside sellers would be given to employees before any layoffs(解雇) were considered. Over a hundred job classifications were cut to just two. Instead of doing one boring job over and over, workers agreed to be part of small teams, spending equal time on various tasks. 77、What comment did the author make about the highly successful people travelling with him? 78、Why was it easy for boats to tumble over in the Colorado? 79、What happened to the New York Knicks in the 1980s? 80、What caused the sharp conflict in the GM plant in the late 1970s? 81、What spirit was encouraged in the reopened GM plant? 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 : Part ? Writing 1、Online chatting, as a new way of communication, has become more and more popular, especially with the youngsters. They make friends, exchange information and air their views freely through it. They regard it as a relaxation, for they think it's easy to talk with a stranger online. And some students even think they can practise their oral English by chatting in English this way. Some people, however, hold quite different opinions. They think it's a waste of time, especially for students. Spending too much time chatting online will make them addicted to it and affect their study. Furthermore, some unhealthy information may corrupt young Internet users. I think, just like everything else, online chatting has both advantages and disadvantages, and we should not steer away from it because of its negative effects. What we should do is to reduce the negative effects to the minimum and make online chatting our valuable assistant. Part ? Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 2、 判断的依据在第二段的第一句。 3、NG 文中并未提到中国的 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 生育政策。 4、 判断的依据为第四段的首句。 5、 判断的依据在第五段。 6、 判断的依据在第八段的第一句。 7、 判断的依据在第十段首句。 8、 判断的依据在文章最后一段的倒数第二句。 9、64% 答案在文章的第一段。 10、Redistributive 答案在第六段的最后一句。 11、inclusivity, nonjudgmental 答案在第九段。 Part ? Listening Comprehension Section A Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12、A [解析] W: Could you possibly take a few packages to the post office for me? I have to take my son to the doctor's office, and I'm already late for the appointment. M: I'm really sorry, but I can't because I have to stay home and wait for the plumber. Maybe Jane can take your packages there. Why don't you call her? Q: What must the man do? 13、D [解析] W: Did you go to the football match last night? M: Oh, yes. It should have been started at 1:30. But it was delayed 20 minutes. Q: When did the football match begin? 14、D [解析] W: I have to testify in that murder trial today. M: That's a very serious charge against the boy. You may have to stay there all day. Q: Where is the woman going? 15、B [解析] M: I haven't seen you for ages, but I hear you're leaving for London soon. W: Yes, I only have two weeks left to pack my things, but I hope I'll get everything done in time be cause I want to have a chance to visit all my friends before I go. Q: Why does the woman hope to get everything done in time? 16、A [解析] W: How do you get to your office every day? Do you walk? M: Well, it's too far to walk. I usually take the bus since the bus stop is just at the corner near my house. Q: How does he usually get to his office? 17、A [解析] W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you? M: So do I. Let me call Rome Service. Hello, Room Service? Please send a menu to 320 right a way. Q: Where are the two speakers? 18、D [解析] M: Susan, I am proud of you! It was a good race and you did your best. W: Thanks. It's very nice of you to say so. But if only I hadn't fallen. Q: What happened to Susan? 19、D [解析] W: John will be a college freshman in the fall. I'm a little worried about him. He's never been away from home before. M: Well, it has to happen sooner or later. He has to learn to take care of himseff and to stand on bis own feet, Q: What does the man mean? Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 20、C `[听力原文]19-22 M: Hi, Sherril. W: Hello, Fill, how are you? M: I'm fine, where are you headed? W: Oh, I'm on my way home from work. M: I didn't know you had a job. W: Ya, I work part-time at the supermarket. M: What do you do there? W: I work in the produce section, trimming and wrapping fresh fruit and vegetables. I also stock shelves. Sometimes when it really gets busy, I work at the check-out counter. Have you got a job, Fill? M: Ya, I do yard work for people. Your know, cutting grass, raking leave, falling weeds, things like that. W: I'd like doing that. It must be nice to work outdoors. M: Sometimes it is, except when it rains, or snows or gets too hot or too cold. W: I guess every job has its drawbacks. There are times when I' get pretty tired of carrying things around at my job. But a job is a job. Got to earn money for school. M: Me too, tuition sure is high, isn't it? Well, rd better get going. I have to plant some trees for my neighbors this afternoon. W: Well, don't work too hard, holding down a job, going to class, studying, sometimes can become too much for one person. Take it easy. M: You too, it was great seeing you, Sherrill. 19. When was Sherrill going when Fill met her? 21、B [解析] What does Sherrill do at her supermarket job? 22、D [解析] What does Fill not like about his job? 23、C [解析] What is Fill going to do next? Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 24、B [解析] 23-25 W: Wake up, Eric, time to rise and shine. M: Ha, oh, hi, Jane, I must have fallen asleep while I was reading. W: You and everyone else. It looks more like a campground, than a library. M: Well, the dorm's too noisy to study in, and I guess this place is too quiet. W: Have you had any luck finding a topic for your paper? M: No, Prof Grant told us to write about anything in cultural anthropology. For once I wish she had not given us so much of a choice. W: Well, why net write about the ancient civilizations of Mexico. You seem to be interested in that part of the world. M: I am, but there is too much material to cover. I'll be writing forever, and Grant only wants five to seven pages. W: So then limit it to one region of Mexico, Say the Uka town. You've been there and you said it's got lots of interesting relics. M: That's not a bad idea. I brought many books and things back with me last summer, that would be great resource material, now if I can only remember where I put them. 23. What was the man doing when the woman approached him? 25、C [解析] What seems to be the man's problem? 26、B [解析] Why doesn't the man write about the ancient civilizations of Mexico? Section B Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are bused on the passage you have just heard. 27、B [解析] 26-28 Many children act in TV shows. They work several hours every day, so they cannot go to a regular school. HOW do they get an education? In Hollywood, where many TV shows are made, about forty teachers give lessons for the children in the shows. They teach wherever their pupils are working. The teacher's job is very important. She is responsible for making sure that the child works only the permitted hours each week. She is also responsible for making sure that the child learns the required subjects. She makes sure, too, that the child gets enough rest and play, along with his education. Child actors are required to attend classes twenty hours each week. California law says that they must be taught from September to the middle of June. If they do not get good marks in school, they are not permitted to continue working in TV shows. TV children are usually good pupils, and most of their teachers like this special kind of work. Their classes are held in many interesting places. Some times the "classroom" is a Mississippi riverboat. Some times it is the inside of a spaceship. Often the pupils become famous stars. 26. What do Tv'children do? 28、C [解析] How many hours are TV children required to attend classes? 29、C [解析] What title can be given to the passage? Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30、B [解析] 29-31 W: Do you have any plans for this weekend? M: There's so much to choose from on campus that I'm just not sure what I'm going to do. W: The football game's on Saturday night, and I'm going with a group of friends. Do you want to go with us? M: Of course I'd like to go to the football game: it's the biggest game of the season. And it sounds like fun to go with a large group of people. W: Good. We'll be meeting at the cafeteria for dinner at six o'clock on Saturday night, and then we'll go on to the game together. M: That takes care of my plans for Saturday night. But now I need to make a decision about Sunday af ternoon. The music department is sponsoring a concert then, and I'd really like to hear that concert. But there's also a play being presented by the drama department that I really wanted to see. It's too bad, those two events ate at tile same time. W: You know, if you go to the game on Saturday night and a concert or play on Sunday, that doesn't leave much time for studying. 29. What is the woman planning to do Saturday? 31、C [解析] Why does the man want to go to the footabll game? 32、A [解析] What is at the same time as the music depamnent's concert? Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33、A [解析] 32-35 Susan Anthony was born in Massachusetts in 1820 and died in Rochester, N, Y. , in 1906. In the1850s, she saw many problems in her country and wanted to do something about them. One of these problems was that women did not have the right to vote in the United States. Susan Anthony and many others thought women and men should have equal rights. In 1869 she helped start the National Women's Association. This group worked hard to get women the right to vote in the United States. In 1869, the State of Wyoming gave women the right to vote. Some other states also allowed women to vote. But Susan Anthony and the National American Women's Association wanted all women to have the right to vote. They worked to add this to the Constitution of the United States. Finally, in 1920, four teen years after Susan Anthony's death, an article was added to the Constitution. It gave all American women the right to vote. 32. What did Susan Anthony think about her country? 34、A [解析] Who among the American women had the right to vote before 1920? 35、C [解析] When did all women finally get the right to vote in the United States? 36、D [解析] What do we learn about Susan Anthony from the passage? Section C 37、electronic [听力原文]36-46 Using a new electronic device called Microwave Landing System (MLS) , airplanes will be able to land themselves. With MLS, more planes will be able to land on the ground more quickly and more safely without a pilot's touching the controls. From the time a plane enters the zone of area covered by MIS until it lands, it is controlled completely and automatically. Bad weather has no effect on the system, even zero-visibility fog. The normal operations for landing—engine reversal , 1)raking , and steering—are handled by MIS. The pilot does not have to do anything; however, the pilot may take control again if the need arises. Using the current Instrument Landing System(ILS) , pilots follow a radio beam; The ILS beam is very narrow, like a long tube. To follow it, airplanes must fly straight along the beam, starting at least eight kilometers from beginning their approach to touchdown. In many cases, pilot must begin to follow ILS beam as far as 24 kilometers away from a touchdown point at the airport. The MLS beam is different from the ILS beam . The MLS uses a high-frequency beam, shaped like a big funnel with a large mouth. This means that planes can make shorter landing approaches from any direction instead of having to follow the long, narrow, straight in approaches of ILS. The MLS is so precise that planes can come in on parallel runways at intervals as short as 40 seconds apart without danger of collision. Future airports, therefore, can be made smaller and still handle more air traffic more safely and efficiently. 38、automatically 39、visibility 40、braking 39. handled 41、 arises 42、Instrument 43、straight 44、The MIS beam is different from the ILS beam 45、This means that planes can make shorter landing approaches from any direction 46、Future airports, therefore, can be made smaller and still handle more air traffic more safely and efficiently Part ? Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A 47、 因其后接形容词powerful作表语故应填系动词。proved可作系词，意为“证明是”，符合句意。 48、 根据意思判断，beyond意为“超出，超过”。 49、 根据词的意思区分，invented(指发明)合乎题意。 50、 根据句子意思判断，burned正确。 51、 根据句子意思判断，应选expanding gas膨胀的气体。 52、 faces意为“朝着”。 53、 radiate意为“辐射，向各方向伸展”。 54、 根据句子意思判断，应为push“推”。 55、 根据句子意思判断，follow在这里是“遵循”的意思。 56、 根据句子意思判断，describe是“记载描述”的意思。 Section B Passage One 57、D 本题考查学生对第一段的理解。问题是“心理学家在…的态度上有分歧?”第一段第1句讲到外界的奖励，无论是热情的赞扬还是金钱，对学生的学习积极性和创造性究竟有什么影响，心理学家在此问题上持截然相反的观点。由此可见他们在外界的奖励对学生的学习和表现有什么影响的问题上是有分歧的。因此D项正确。 58、B 第一段最后一句讲到认知派的研究家认为:由于奖励促使学生对别人的赞扬和赠品有依赖心理，奖励常常会破坏创造精神。这种观点是对他人的奖励持怀疑态度的。第二段第1句说到:许多教育家支持此观点，由此可见B项是正确答案。 59、C 第三段谈到了Rogert Eisenberger的观点，如果孩子们知道他们为得到奖励而学习，并且致力于解决相对而言具有挑战性的问题，他们会表现出最大的创造性。如果对表现欠佳的孩子给予奖励或使他们产生对奖励的过分期待的心理，那么就很容易扼杀孩子们的创造力。这就说明只有该得奖励的孩子受到奖励才能发挥创造性，因此选C。 60、A 在本文第三段中谈到了主张奖励办法，但奖励应得体，奖其所值。第四段还谈到有的老师对那些总是关注奖励而表现一般的学生也给高分，这样的老师培养不出有创造力的学生。由此可推断，大多数大学严格评分 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 是为了避免扼杀学生的创造性。因此A项正确。 61、B 此题考查学生猜词义的能力。token economies所在的句子就是该词的提示，此句意为:学生能够解决处理挑战性的问题就可以得到奖赏的积分点，这种所谓的象征性 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 的使用在提高学生的努力程度和创造性上显示了希望。，由此可见token economies是一种奖励制度。因此B项正确。 Passage Two 62、A 该题考查学生猜测生词的能力。仔细阅读上下文不难发现elated和depressed是一种对比，而且第一段进一步提供了相关的信息，故可猜出elated意为“兴高采烈的”，即highspirit ed。 63、D 生活在一个新的国度中，起初是兴奋激动、情绪高涨，随后完全不同的文化和生活方式又往往使人感到困惑不安，受到一种“文化冲击”。 64、B 从文章的最后一段可知，“文化冲击”是指人们面对异族的文化和生活方式所产生的一种困惑不安的感觉，故B项为正确答案。 65、B 文章最后一段的第1句和第2句是解题的关键所在。 66、C 文章主要讨论了人生活在一个新的国家和一种新的文化氛围中可能产生的各种感觉，指出要适应新的生活环境就必须经历一个“文化调节”的过程。 Part ? Error Correction 67、?protect?to order sb(to do ath(指“命令某人做某事”，为固定搭配。 68、of?to/for “不顾…”可以用regardless of...或者without regard to/for...，都是固定搭配，介词不能随便替换。 69、managed?failed 通过对上下文的理解，“很不幸的是，目前体制在进行保护濒临灭绝的动物方:面完全失败了”。 70、have?has 这句话的主语是Fish and Wildlife(美国的一个政府部门)，所以谓语应该用单数。 71、interest?interests interest可以表达“利益，利息，兴趣”，但当它表示“利益”时，通常用复数。 72、unwilling?unwillingness 此处需要一个名词，unwillingness指“令人不愿意做的事情”。 73、at?on impose sth(on sb(指“把某事强加到某人头上”，为固定搭配。 74、?sustains?that/which或sustains?sustaining 这里很显然是一个定语从句，或者现在分词做后置定语，that/which在定语从句中做主语，不能省略。 75、against?from 固定搭配。 76、and?or 表选择关系。 Part ? Short Answer Questions 77、答案They Were used to being spoiled and indulged 综合第一段的两句话，我们可以找到答案。 Our expedition included many highly shccessful people—the kind who have staffs to take care of life's daily work...， people accustomed to being spoiled and indulged had become a team，working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river(前 面的句子提到了这些成功人士，后面用一个定语“accustomed to being spoiled and indulged"对他们做出了解释。 78、答案Because the river is full of twists and turns 答案出处在第一段最后半句话:working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the fiver。 79、答案It was in adversity 这是一个细节题。在第二段作者提到and the team I now coach，the New York Knicks， has recovered from years of adversity to become a major contender in the l990s(他 所执教的球队从逆境中恢复并且在90年代成了一个一流球队，所以可以推论80年代是处于逆境中。 80、答案Distrust and lack of teamwork 在第四段作者给出了一个例子来说明本文的主题:团队精神。Distrust ran so high that the labor contract was hundreds of pages of tricky legal terms(所以是不信任导致 了冲突。 81、答案The spirit of teamwork 最后一段的第一句话是本段的主题句，也是本题的出处。GM be came convinced that it had to create new production systems based on teamwork(而“团队精神”也正是本文的 中心。