高考英语二轮专题复习练习第二部分专题五形容词和副词

高考英语二轮专题复习练习第二部分专题五形容词和副词 ?.单项填空 1((2015?豫东模拟)Living in a highly________society, you definitely have to arm yourself with modern technology and skills. A(competitive B(fierce C(attractive D(sensitive 答案 A [考查形容词词文辨析。句意:生活在一个高度竞争的社会～你一定得用现代科 技和技能来武装自己。competitive“竞争的”,fierce“凶猛的”,attractive“有吸引力的”, sensitive“敏感的”。] 2((2015?湖北八校高三联考)As we all know, independence is very________for youngsters because sooner or later they will leave their families and live alone. A(essential B(accurate C(flexible D(temporary 答案 A [考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我们都知道～青少年独立是非常必要的～因为他 们迟早会离开他们的家去独自生活。essential“至关重要的”,accurate“精确的”, flexible“灵活的,柔韧的”,temporary“暂时的～临时的”。 根据句意可知答案为A。] 3((2015?孝感高中高三调研)It is true that at times the U(S.A. has experienced periods of________unemployment as well as labor shortages. A(available B(acute C(accessible D(ashamed 答案 B [考查形容词辨析。句意:这是真的美国有时会经历严重的失业和劳动力短缺问 题。available“可获得的～可得到的”, acute“严重的,敏锐的,急性的,剧烈的”, accessible“易接近的”:ashamed“羞愧的”。 根据句意可知答案为B。] 4((2015?温州十校联考)It is said that sandstorms will become more________as a result of global warming. A(frequent B(normal C(formal D(rare 答案 A [考查形容词辨析。句意:据说～随着全球变暖～沙尘暴会越来越频繁。 frequent“频繁的”,normal“正常的”,formal“正式的”,rare“罕见的”。] 5((2015?宁波市模拟)Great inventors don't________graduate from famous universities. Some didn't even go to university. A(really B(nearly C(necessarily D(likely 答案 C [考查副词辨析。句意:伟大的发明家并不一定毕业于著名的大学～有些甚至没 有上过大学。really“真正地”,nearly“几乎”,necessarily“必要地”,likely一般用作形 容词～意为“可能的”。] 6((2015?合肥市质检)________enough, every parent wants their child to grow up fit and strong. A(Thankfully B(Surprisingly C(Similarly D(Naturally 答案 D [考查副词辨析。句意:很自然地～每个父母都想让他们的孩子健康茁壮地成长。 thankfully“谢天谢地地”,surprisingly“令人惊奇地”,similarly“类似地,同样地”, naturally“自然地”。] 7((2015?福州市高三月考)—At the end of the day we can gather our guests to enjoy fine wine. —You seem to be getting off the point. How is that________to this discussion? A(suitable B(tentative C(parallel D(relevant 答案 D [考查形容词词义辨析。句意:——在一天结束的时候～我们可以和客人一起享 受好酒。——你好像离题了～这和讨论有什么关系,suitable“适当的”, tentative“试探性 的～试验的～尝试性的”, parallel“平行的”, relevant“相关的”。 be relevant to意为 “和„„有关”。 根据句意可知答案为D。] 8((2015?湖北孝感高中高三期末)Landing safely in bad weather is a________task for any pilot, and even the smallest error can lead to a disaster. A(tricky B(secure C(significant D(easy 答案 A [考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在恶劣的天气安全着陆～对于任何一个飞行员来 说～都是一项复杂的工作～甚至是最小的一个错误都可能导致灾难。tricky“复杂的”, secure“安全的”, significant“有意义的”, easy“容易的”。 根据句意可知答案为A。] 9((2015?龙岩市质检)High school students are supposed to be________about public services, which will benefit them in the long run. A(curious B(anxious C(particular D(enthusiastic 答案 D [考查形容词词义辨析。句意:中学生应该热心于公益服务～从长远看这会对他 们有利。curious“好奇的”,anxious“焦虑的,渴望的”,particular“特别的”, enthusiastic“热心的”。] 10.(2015?厦门外国语学校模拟)The incomes of skilled workers went up.________， unskilled workers saw their earnings fall. A(Moreover B(Therefore C(Meanwhile D(Otherwise 答案 C [考查副词词义辨析。句意:熟练工人的收入在上升～与此同时～非熟练工人的 收入在降低。moreover“而且,此外”,therefore“因此”,meanwhile“同时”, otherwise“否则,要不然”。] 11((2015?荆门市龙泉中学月考)The woman tried________to push the man away when he tried to snatch the bag from her. A(consciously B(tightly C(casually D(desperately 答案 D [考查副词词义辨析。句意:当那个男人想抢她的包的时候～她不顾一切地将那 个男人推开。consciously“有意识地”,tightly“紧紧地”,casually“偶然地”, desperately“不顾一切地“。根据句意选D。] 12((2014?黄冈三校高三11月联考)Just as a book is often judged________by the quality and appearance of its cover, a person is judged immediately by his appearance. A(outwardly B(initially C(uniquely D(previously 答案 A [考查副词词义辨析。句意:就像根据一本书的封面来判断它的质量一样～判断 一个人也是直接根据他的外貌来判断。outwardly“人外表上～表面上”, initially“最初～ 开始”, uniquely“独特地”, previously“先前”。 根据句意可知答案为A。] 13((2014?湖北高三11月调考)Many people equal happiness with wealth and success. So they chase it, without noticing that the people who have those things aren't________happier. A(necessarily B(accurately C(merely D(instantly 答案 A [本题考查副词辨析。句意:一些人把快乐等同于财富和成功。因此他们追求财 富和成功～并没有注意到那些拥有这些东西的人们并不是必定更快乐。necessarily“必要地, 必然地,必定地”, accurately“准确地,精确地”, merely“仅仅～只不过”, instantly“立即～马上～立刻”。 根据句意可知应该选择A项。] 14((2014?邯郸一检)After years of united efforts, the children of migrant workers can________take the college entrance exam in Fujian Province from 2014 on. A(eventually B(gradually C(approximately D(occasionally 答案 A [考查副词辨析。句意:经过多年的共同努力～从2014年起流动工人的子女终于 能在福建省参加高考了。根据句意可知应选eventually～表示“终于,最后”。 gradually“逐步地～逐渐地”,approximately“大约”,occasionally“偶尔～间或”。] 15((2014?郑州二模)As soon as his teacher begins lecturing, he begins to doze off, not intentionally but________( A(completely B(randomly C(habitually D(unconditionally 答案 C [考查副词辨析。句意:老师刚一开始讲课他就开始打盹了～不是故意地～而是 习惯性地。completely“完全地”,randomly“随意地”,habitually“习惯性地”, unconditionally“无条件地”。根据句意可知应选C。] ?.完成句子 1(What a table! I've never seen such a thing before.It is ________(不到两倍) it is long. 2(Many people have donated that type of blood，but the blood bank needs ________(更多)( 3(The girl found the T-shirt sold online was ________(价格的一半) that in the supermarket. 4(Men are equally as good as women at taking care of others;________(甚至更好)，male nurses can be a great help in keeping patients still while they receive painful treatment. 5(I do think Tom's conduct that evening was，________(至少可以说)，strange. 6(The Yellow Mountain is ________(那么著名的) tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year. 7(—How do you like your new roommate? —He is too ________(太小气)(He never shares his snacks with me. 8(—Are you content with Ang Lee's new film Life of Pi? —Not a little.________(再也没有比它更好的了)( 9(Worried about the time ________(可以利用的)，Mary had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in Beijing. 10(Mike did the homework ________(三分之一的时间) it took me. 答案 1.not half/twice as wide as 2.more 3.half the price of 4.better yet/even better/still better/better still 5.to say the least 6.such a well-known/so well-known a 7.mean 8.It couldn't be any better 9.available 10(one-third the time ?.语篇填空(以形容词与副词为主) When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport，workers began to unload a number of __1__(wood)boxes which contained clothing.No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was __2__(extreme)heavy.It __3__(sudden)occurred to one of the workers to open up the box.He was __4__(astonish)at what he found.A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of __5__(wool)goods.He was __6__ surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away.After he was arrested， the man admitted hiding __7__(silent) in the box before the plane left London.He had had a long and __8__(comfort)trip，for he had been confined(关在)to the wooden box __9__(secret)for over eighteen hours.The man was ordered to pay , 3，500 for the cost of the trip，which was __10__ expensive than the normal price，which only cost , 2，000. 答案 1.wooden 2.extremely 3.suddenly 4.astonished 5(woolen 6.so 7.silently 8.uncomfortable 9.secretly 10(more ?.单项填空 1((2015?长沙市高三质检)Sometimes the________between the reality and the dream is so great that it produces disappointment. A(combination B(application C(contrast D(disapproval 答案 C [考查名词词义辨析。句意:现实和梦想之间的“反差”往往让人失望。contrast 对照、对比,combination联合、集合,application 申请、应用,disapproval不赞成。根据句 意可知应该选择C项。] 2((2015?孝感高中高三调研)The incident caused a hot discussion on the Internet, but the local government had no immediate________on it. A(adjustment B(commitment C(comment D(document 答案 C [考查名词词义辨析。句意:这件事在网上引起热烈的讨论～但是当地政府并未 迅速对它做出了评论。adjustment调整,commitment 承诺～奉献,comment评论,document 文件。根据句意可知应该选择C项。] 3((2015?天津市南开区模拟)While she was in Paris, she developed a________for fine art. A(way B(relation C(taste D(habit 答案 C [考查名词辨析。句意:她在巴黎时喜欢上了优秀艺术。taste此处意为“喜欢, 鉴赏”～ develop a taste for“喜欢上„„”～符合题意。way“方式”,relation“关系”, habit“习惯”。] 4((2015?合肥168中学模拟)—He's always associating himself with those dishonest boys! —A man is known by the________he keeps. A(reference B(company C(distinction D(occupation 答案 B [考查名词辨析。句意:——他总是与那些不诚实的孩子们交往。——近朱者赤～ 近墨者黑。keep sb company“与某人作伴”～符合句意。reference“查阅”,distinction“区 别”,occupation“职业,占有,消遣”。] 5((2015?泉州市质检)Although at times learning to play the piano was tiring for me, it was well worth the________( A(effort B(strength C(intelligence D(preparation 答案 A [考查名词辨析。句意:尽管学习弹钢琴有时对我来说很烦人～但确实值得这些 努力。effort“努力”～符合句意。strength“力气,优势”,intelligence“智力”, preparation“准备”。] 6((2015?湖北浠水三校高三联考)Mr Wang has taught for thirty years. Everybody sings high praise for his________to the cause of education. A(application B(invitation C(reception D(devotion 答案 D [考查名词辨析。句意:王先生已经教书三十年了。每个人都高度赞扬他对教育 事业的奉献。application申请～应用,invitation邀请,reception接待,devotion奉献。根据 句意可知应该选择D项。] 7((2015?荆州高三质检)The CCTV shows Chinese Characters Dictation Competition has taken the country by storm, which is partly designed to arouse people's________in Chinese. A(response B(enthusiasm C(significance D(consequence 答案 B [考查名词词义辨析。句意:CCTV汉字听写大赛设臵的初衷部分是为了唤起人们 对中文的“热情”。 response to sth 对„„的反应,significance:意义、重要性, consequence:后果、结果。均不合题意。enthusiasm热情。故B项正确。] 8((2015?包头市三十三中模拟)You should take________of this opportunity and try to make a good impression on them. A(care B(advantage C(charge D(place 答案 B [考查名词辨析。句意:你应该利用这次机会～尽量给他们留下一个好的印象。 take advantage of为固定短语～意为“利用”～符合句意。take care of“照顾,照料”,take charge of“控制,掌管”,take place of“代替”。] 9((2015?咸阳市一模)Messi, has won his________as one of the world's greatest soccer players when he was only 25. A(reputation B(achievement C(contribution D(civilization 答案 A [考查名词辨析。句意:梅西仅仅25岁～就已经赢得了世界最伟大足球运动员之 一的称号。reputation“名声,荣誉”,achievement“成就,功绩”,contribution“贡献”, civilization“文明”。] 10((2015?江西师大附中模拟)People generally believe that women are more emotional than men, but in my experience that often is not the________( A(stage B(case C(view D(point 答案 B [考查名词辨析。句意:人们普遍认为女性比男性更情感化～但根据我的 经验 班主任工作经验交流宣传工作经验交流材料优秀班主任经验交流小学课改经验典型材料房地产总经理管理经验 ～ 情况并非如此。stage“平台,舞台”,case“情况,案件”,view“观点,视野”, point“点,要点”。] 11((2015?安徽宿州高三月考)If a young man wants the________to move to a different city in future years, he should keep renting instead of buying a house. A(qualification B(flexibility C(benefit D(privilege 答案 B [考查名词辨析。句意:如果年轻人将来想要可以灵活地迁移到另外的城市生活～ 他就应该租房而不是买房。qualification资格, flexibility机动性～灵活性, benefit利益～ 好处, privilege特权。根据句意可知选B。] 12((2015?xx镇江高三调研)As second-hand smoking is more harmful and dangerous, people want a total________against smoking in public. A(ban B(brake C(breakthrough D(boundary 答案 A [考查名词词义辨析。句意:因为二手烟更有害和更危险～人们想完全禁止公共 场合抽烟。ban禁止,brake刹车,breakthrough突破,boundary边界。根据句意可知应该选 择A项。] 13((2015?武汉高三新起点调研)Future will be a marvelous world of artificial________—robots might have their emotions and we human beings might have robots as friends. A(preference B(intelligence C(exhibition D(communication 答案 B [考查名词辨析。句意:未来将是人工智能的辉煌时代～机器人可能有情感～我 们人类可能和机器人成为朋友。preference偏爱,intelligence智力,exhibition展览, communication交流。根据句意可知应该选择B项。] 14((2015?南京市高三检测)As the world's population continues to grow, the________of food becomes more and more of a concern. A(worth B(supply C(package D(list 答案 B [考查名词词义辨析。句意:随着世界人口的持续增长～食物的供应成为了人们 越来越关心的问题。worth价值,supply供应,package包裹,list 清单 安全隐患排查清单下载最新工程量清单计量规则下载程序清单下载家私清单下载送货清单下载 。根据句意可知应该 选择B项。] 15((2015?天津南开区高三4月调研)The two Chinese scientists have made a wonderful discovery, which marks a major________in the basic research in the field. A(reform B(approach C(boundary D(breakthrough 答案 D [考查名词辨析。句意:这两个中国科学家做出重大发现～这标志着这个领域的 重大突破。reform改革, approach方式～方法,boundary边界,breakthrough突破。根据句 意可知应该选择D项。] ?.语篇填空(用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空) A A high school history teacher once told us，“If you make one close friend in school，you will be most lucky.A true friend is someone who stays with you for life.”Experience shows that he was right.Good __1__(friend) are just not easily formed. To most of us，friendships are thought very important，but we need to have the kinds of friendships we want.Are they to be close or kept at an arm's __2__ (long),Do we want to share ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For some people，many friendships on the surface are quite enough and that's all right.But at some point we need to make sure that our __3__(expect) are the same as our __4__ (friend) expectations.The sharing of __5__ (person) experience is the surest way __6__ (deepen) friendships.But it must be undertaken slowly and carried on only if there are signs of interest and __7__ (act) return. What are some of the difficulties to friendship,The greatest is the __8__ (attract) to expect too much too soon.Deep relationships take time.Another main difficulty is the __9__ (selfish) to think one“owns” the other，including his time and __10__ (attend)(Similarly，friendships need actions in return.In other words，you must give as much as you take.Finally there is a question of taking care of each other.Unless you spend reasonable time together，talking on the phone，writing letters or doing things together，friendships will die away. 答案 1.friendships 2.length 3.expectations 4.friends' 5(personal 6.to deepen/of deepening 7.action 8.attraction 9.selfishness 10.attention B WHAT DOES IT COME UNDER? If you're dieting there are certain __1__ (food) you really have to avoid: __2__ (cake) and __3__ (biscuit) are out for a start，but you can't live for ever on __4__ (tomato) and __5__ (orange)(There are __6__ (man) and __7__ (woman) who spend their entire __8__ (life) counting the calories they take in each day.Some national __9__ (cuisine) make you fat.The __10__ (Japanese) have a high protein diet，while the __11__ (Swiss) eat a lot of milk __12__ (product)(Personally，I'm lucky not to have to diet，but my friend，John，can't eat anything without looking it up in his Calorie Chart.This is carefully organized so that __13__ (strawberry) and __14__ (peach) are under ‘Fruit’;__15__(potato) and spaghetti come under ‘Starchy Foods’，and so on.I entertained John to a nice low-calorie meal yesterday and at the end I offered him some jelly.“What does ‘jelly’ come under,”he asked looking at his chart.“Half a litre of double cream，”I said，pouring the stuff over my plate! 答案 1.foods 2.cakes 3.biscuits 4.tomatoes 5(oranges 6.men 7.women 8.lives 9.cuisines 10(Japanese 11.Swiss 12.products 13.strawberries 14.peaches 15.potatoes C Robots used for housework were tested out in some __1__ (family)(Tony，one of the robots， looked like __2__ tall and handsome man with smooth black hair，speaking in a deep voice.Larry was going to be away from home.Also，__3__(curious)drove him to have a try on such a new thing.So he hired a robot to accompany his wife Claire.Claire didn't like the idea at the beginning，but she agreed to it at last.At the first sight of Tony，Claire felt embarrassed.Gradually，Tony began to win the __4__(hostess) trust.He helped Claire realize her dreams by making her home elegant，giving her a new haircut，changing the makeup she wore and giving her __5__(advise) on her __6__(person) dresses.Therefore at the party all her guests who were invited were filled with __7__(admire) when they saw her house was completely changed.After the test，the company was satisfied with __8__(Tony) report and believed it was __9__ success because he had successfully made a woman regain her __10__(confident) and fall in love with him. 答案 1.families 2.a 3.curiosity 4.hostess' 5.advice 6(personal 7.admiration 8.Tony's 9.a 10.confidence 题组一 体验真题 Passage 1 体裁:应用文 话题:语言学习 词数:289 时间:6′ (2015?安徽卷，A)Welcome to the Electronic Village to explore new ways of language teaching and learning. Electronic Village Program (Thursday，June 18，2015) TEO Nearpod 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm 9:00 am to 10:00 am Room 502 Room 501 Our students come from different backgrounds Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich but have the same desire to learn on-line. The context (语境) for students to learn vocabulary. presenter will use examples from his first on-line class to explain how any teacher can The presenter will show how to use it. begin teaching on-line with TEO. Prezi Kahoot 3:30 pm to 4:20 pm 10:30 am to 11:30 am Room 602 Room 601 Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses Kahoot software can be used to create grammar draw students' attention to speaking more tests which can be graded on a network. It can fluently. The presenter will show how students provide students with instant feedback (反馈), can use Prezi to confidently present on a variety including reports about their strengths and of topics，including introducing family， weaknesses. friends，and hobbies. 【语篇解读】 该篇文章是一篇广告。主要介绍了探索语言教学和学习的新方法。电子村提供 了四种形式: Nearpod、Kahoot、TEO、Prezi供大家选择。 1(Nearpod can be used to________( A(offer grammar tests B(teach listening on-line C(help vocabulary learning D(gain fluency in speaking 答案 C [考查细节理解。由learn vocabulary可知。] 2(If you want to improve your speaking skills，you can go to________( A(Room 501 B(Room 502 C(Room 601 D(Room 602 答案 D [考查细节理解。由draw students' attention to speaking more fluently可知。] 3(Which of the following can assess your grammar learning? A(Nearpod. B(Kahoot. C(TEO. D(Prezi. 答案 B [考查细节理解。由grammar tests可知。] 4(A teacher who wants to learn on-line teaching is expected to arrive by________( A(9:00 am B(10:30 am C(2:00 pm D(3:30 pm 答案 C [考查细节理解。由begin teaching on-line with TEO可知～TEO的嘉宾将使用例子 来解释如何进行网络教学～时间是下午两点到三点。] Passage 2 体裁:科普文 话题:太空探索 词数:390 时间:7′ (2015?湖北卷，D)The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples. First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arm out， they float free in zero gravity，often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾) dancer.“I'm an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says，who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.” On the station，the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity，it's just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air，the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache. Leroy Chiao，54，an American retired astronaut after four flights，describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you're falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight.That can be annoying—that's why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some—astronauts' brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear，and space sickness disappears. Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance， astronauts lose bone mass.That's why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home，and，more importantly，how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars. 【语篇解读】 在太空中生活常常有奇奇怪怪的事情。睡姿、自行车无座无把、二氧化碳头疼 等。 5(What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space? A(Deciding on a proper sleep position. B(Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag. C(Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly. D(Finding a right time to go to sleep. 答案 A [细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知～在睡觉时到底把手放在睡袋里还是睡袋外～ 即确定睡姿～选A。] 6(The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when ________( A(they circle around on their bikes B(they use microcomputers without a stop C(they exercise in one place for a long time D(they watch a movie while pedaling 答案 C [细节理解题。第三段第五句staying in one place too long可知～如果在同一个地 方待太长时间～呼出二氧化碳～趋向在头上形成隐形的云～从而引起二氧化碳性头疼。可 知选C。] 7(Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because ________( A(their senses stop working B(they have to stand up straight C(they float out of their seats unexpectedly D(their brains receive contradictory messages 答案 D [细节理解题。由第四段可知～内耳认为你要倒下～而眼睛告诉你在直立。即: 大脑接收到了恰恰相反的信息。选D。] 8(One of NASA's major concerns about astronauts is ______( A(how much exercise they do on the station B(how they can remain healthy for long in space C(whether they can recover after returning home D(whether they are able to go back to the station 答案 B [细节理解题。由第五段提示词more importantly可知～人们主要关心的是在飞往 火星来回两年半或更多时间如何保存体力和保持健康。因此选B。] Passage 3 体裁:说明文 话题:文化传承 词数:320 时间:6′ (2014?新课标全国卷?，D)As more and more people speak the global languages of English，Chinese，Spanish，and Arabic，other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact，half of the 6，000,7，000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century，according to the United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)( In an effort to prevent language loss，scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect. Mark Turin，a scientist at the Macmillan Center，Yale University，who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas，is following in that__tradition(His recently published book，A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture，grows out of his experience living，working and raising a family in a village in Nepal. Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin，who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India，Nepal，Bhutan， and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record. At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs，films，tape recordings，and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection. Now，through the two organizations that he has founded—the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents，found in libraries and stores around the world，available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet，Turin notes，the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities. 【语篇解读】 本文叙述了学者们正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化～来挽救这些语言。 9(Many scholars are making efforts to ________( A(promote global languages B(rescue disappearing languages C(search for language communities D(set up language research organizations 答案 B [事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“In an effort to prevent...they reflect.”可知学者们 正在努力挽救濒临消失的语言。] 10(What does“that tradition”in Paragraph 3 refer to? A(Having full records of the languages. B(Writing books on language teaching. C(Telling stories about language users. D(Living with the native speakers. 答案 A [词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“But he is not content...without record.”可知“that tradition”是指Turin记录语言。故选A。] 11(What is Turin's book based on? A(The cultural studies in India. B(The documents available at Yale. C(His language research in Bhutan. D(His personal experience in Nepal. 答案 D [事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“...grows out of his experience living～looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.”可知Turin的书以其在尼泊尔的个人经历为基础。 故选D。] 12(Which of the following best describes Turin's work? A(Write，sell and donate. B(Record，repair and reward. C(Collect，protect and reconnect. D(Design，experiment and report. 答案 C [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Generations of communities from whom...collected”和“Turin notes the endangered languages...speech communities.”可知～Turin 的工作是“收集～保护和使再接合”～故选C。] Passage 4 体裁:应用文 话题:地铁指南 词数:262 时间:5′ (2014?新课标全国卷?，D) Metro Pocket Guide Metrorail(地铁) Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out.Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer. Farecard machines are in every station.Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $ 5 in change. Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass.Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations.Use it after 9:30 a(m.until closing on weekdays，and all day on weekends and holidays. Hours__of__service Open:5 a(m Mon.,Fri. 7 a(m.Sat.,Sun. Close:midnight Sun.,Thurs. 3 a(m.Fri.,Sat.nights Last train times vary.To avoid(避免)missing the last train，please check the last train times posted in stations. Metrobus ?When paying with exact change，the fare is $1.35.When paying with a SmarTrip card，the fare is $1.25. Fares__for__senior__/disabled__customers Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare.On ?Metrorail and Metrobus，use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip card.For more information about ?buying senior/disabled farecards，SmarTrip card and passes，please visit MetroOpens Doors.com or call 202,637,7000 and 202,637,8000. Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202,962,1100. Travel__tips(提示) ?Avoid riding during weekday rush periods—before 9:30 a(m.and between 4 and 6 p(m. ?If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station，please call Lost & Found at 202,962, 1195. 【语篇解读】 本文题目为地铁袖珍指南。文中详细介绍了一些地铁站的信息。 13(What should you know about farecard machines? A(They start selling tickets at 9:30 a(m. B(They are connected to change machines. C(They offer special service to the elderly. D(They make change for no more than $5. 答案 D [事实细节题。根据文章第二段“There are no change machines...up to $5 in change” 可知D项正确。] 14(At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday? A(At midnight B(At 3 a(m. C(At 5 a(m. D(At 7 p(m. 答案 B [事实细节题。根据“Hours of service”中的信息“Close:midnight Sun—Thurs, 3a.m.Fri,Sat.nights”可知周六凌晨三点地铁停止服务～故B项正确。] 15(What is good about a SmarTrip card? A(It is convenient for old people. B(It saves money for its users. C(It can be bought at any time. D(It is sold on the Internet. 答案 B [事实细节题。根据“Metrobus”中“When paying with exact...the fare is $1.25”可知使 ?用Smar Trip card可以节省钱。故B项正确。] 16(Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro? A(202,962,1195 B(202,962,1100 C(202,637,7000 D(202,637,8000 答案 A [事实细节题。根据文章最后一段中“If you lose something...please call...”可知A项 正确。] Passage 5 体裁:记叙文 话题:语言学习 词数:271 时间:5′ (2014?山东卷，E)The kids in this village wear dirty，ragged clothes.They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud.They have no school.Yet they all can chant the English alphabet，and some can make words. The key to their success:20 tablet computers(平板电脑) dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U(S.group called One Laptop Per Child. The goal is to find out whether kids using today's new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist.The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say they're already amazed.“What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten，”said Matt Keller， who runs the Ethiopia program. The fastest learner,and the first to turn on one of the tablets,is 8-year-old Kelbesa Negusse.The device's camera was disabled to save memory，yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work.He called himself a lion，a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia. With his tablet，Kelbasa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows.Then he spelled words on his own.“Seven months ago he didn't know any English.That's unbelievable，”said Keller. The project aims to get kids to a stage called“deep reading，”where they can read to learn.It won't be in Amharic，Ethiopia's first language，but in English，which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文～介绍用平板电脑帮助贫穷村庄的孩子用英语学习、阅读的项目 计划。 17(How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village? A(It trains teachers for them. B(It contributes to their self-study. C(It helps raise their living standards. D(It provides funds for building schools. 答案 B [事实细节题。根据文章第三段“...teach themselves to read...”～“...the kids have already learned more...”可知答案。] 18(What can we infer from Keller's words in Paragraph 3? A(They need more time to analyze data. B(More children are needed for the research. C(He is confident about the future of the project. D(The research should be carried out in kindergartens. 答案 C [推理判断题。根据文章第三段“What I think has already happened is that...”said Matt Keller～可以推断出答案。] 19(It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could ________( A(learn English words quickly B(draw pictures of animals C(write letters to researchers D(make phone calls to his friends 答案 A [事实细节题。根据文章第四段“The fastest learner...”～“within weeks Kelbesa had figured out...”～以及第五段“Seven months ago he didn't know any English...”可知答案。] 20(What is the aim of the project? A(To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs. B(To make Amharic widely used in the world. C(To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English. D(To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language. 答案 C [主旨大意题。文章最后一段是对整篇文章的概述～也是这项计划的目的～故选 C项。] 题组二 尝试模拟 Passage 1 体裁:说明文 话题:当今社会 词数:290 时间:5′ (2015?东北三省四市高三一模)In the past，they were laughed at for being eggheads(书呆子) wearing glasses with a passion for the pointless.But now，being a member of their group has become a source of pride，with Collins online dictionary naming the term “geek” as UK's “Word of the Year” on December 16. “Geek” tops the list for 2013 because of its “positive makeover”，a spokeswoman for Collins Dictionary told The Scotsman newspaper. The word originally appeared in the 19th century as a variant(变形) of “geck”，meaning “a simpleton(傻瓜)”( “In the 1980s，the word still had a negative meaning，referring to someone who was boring and socially awkward.However，from the late 20th century，due to the increasing importance of technology in society，the word has come to mean a clever，switched-on and cool person，” noted The Scotsman. In September，the dictionary changed the main definition of “geek” from “someone preoccupied with computing” to “a person who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about a specific subject”( “‘Geek’ is a great example of a word that has evolved from having a negative meaning to having a positive one.” Ian Brookes，consultant editor to Collins Dictionary told The Guardian.“This change in meaning represents a positive change in views of specialist expertise(专长; 专业知识)，and is a result of the influence of technology on people's lives.” The Telegraph's John Bingham believes that the transformation of the word was helped along by the success of the US movie The Social Network，about the creation of the US website Facebook.“Commentators said the film showed that it had become fashionable to be a geek”， Bingham wrote. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。戴着瓶底眼镜的书呆子们曾经被嘲笑为无用的“geek”～然 而时代在变化～咸鱼也有翻身的一天:科林斯字典给了这个词一个全新的、积极的含义。 1(The underlined word “makeover” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ________( A(evolution B(result C(influence D(response 答案 A [词义猜测题。根据文章第一段的第二句“But now～being a member of their group has become a source of pride～with Collins online dictionary naming the term ‘geek’ as UK's ‘Word of the Year’ on December 16.”和第三段“The word originally appeared in the 19th century as a variant(变形) of ‘geck’～meaning‘a simpleton(傻瓜)’(”前后对比可知～此 处makeover意为“华丽转身”～与倒数第二段的第一句“‘Geek’is a great example of a word that has evolved from having a negative meaning to having a positive one.”相呼应。 evolution意为“进化”,result意为“结果”,influence意为“影响”, response意为“回 应”。故选A项。] 2(When did the word “geek” begin to have a positive meaning? A(In the 20th century. B(From the 1990s. C(In the 1980s. D(At the end of 2013. 答案 B [细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“In the 1980s～the word still had a negative meaning...”和第二句“However～from the late 20th century...the word has come to mean a clever～switched-on and cool person”对比可知～“geek”这个词实现意义上的华丽转身是在20 世纪90年代。故选B项。] 3(According to the article，“geek” now mainly refers to ________( someone who is addicted to computing and new technology A( B(someone who is boring and unfashionable C(someone who is smart but awkward in social situations D(someone who is well-informed and devoted to a certain field 答案 D [细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“a person who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about a specific subject”可知～“geek”现在主要指那些博学的学者型人物。故选D 项。] 4(What helped to transform the meaning of “geek” from negative to positive according to the article? a(The effect of technology. b(The news media's promotion. c(The influence of Collins Dictionary. d(The popularity of The Social Network. A(a，b B(b，c C(a，d D(c，d 答案 C [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“...by the success of the US movie The Social Network～about the creation of the US website Facebook.”可知～“geek”词义的华丽转身 来源于电影The Social Network的成功和技术的进步。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“is a result of the influence of technology on people's lives”可知～这是科技进步对人们生活影响的结 果。故选C项。] Passage 2 体裁:应用文 话题:孩子教育 词数:300 时间:6′ (2015?河南六市高三一模) Dear Gregory， Merry Christmas! You are now the proud owner of an iPhone.You are a good and responsible 13-year-old boy and you deserve this gift.But with your acceptance of this present come some rules and regulations.Please read through the following list of rules.I hope that you understand that it is my job to form you into a well-rounded，healthy young man who can coexist with technology without being ruled by it.Failure to comply with(遵守) the following list will result in termination(终止) of your iPhone ownership. 1(It is my phone.I bought it.I pay for it.I am loaning(借) it to you.Aren't I the greatest? 2(If it rings，answer it.It is a phone.Say hello and use your manners.Do not ever ignore a phone call if the screen reads “Mom” or “Dad”( 3(It does not go to school with you.Have conversations with your friends in person.That's an important life skill.But half days，field trips and after-school activities will require special consideration. 4(If it falls into the toilet，breaks up on the ground or disappears into thin air，you are responsible for the replacement or repair costs.Mow lawns，take up babysitting or save up your birthday money.Accidents will happen，so you should be prepared. 5(Turn it off，silence it and put it away in public—especially in a restaurant，at the movies or while speaking with another human being.You are not a rude person.Do not allow your new toy to change that. your memory forever.Don't take too 6(Live within your experiences.They will be stored in many pictures and videos.There is no need to document everything. 7(Learn to live without it.Be bigger and more powerful than your “FOMO”—fear of missing out.Leave your phone at home sometimes and feel safe and secure in that decision.It is not alive，nor is it an extension of your body. 8(Keep your eyes up.See the world happening around you.Stare out a window.Listen to the birds.Take a walk.Wonder without Googling. 9(If you mess up，I will take away your phone.We will sit down and talk about it.We will start over again.You and I，we are always learning.I am on your side and we are in this together. Love， Mom 【语篇解读】 本文是一封母亲写给孩子的信～主要讲述了母亲为了避免孩子成为手机控而与 孩子之间的约法守则。 5(The author's main purpose in writing the article is to ________( A(explain to Gregory the functions of the new mobile phone B(show Gregory how much thought has been put into this gift C(inform Gregory of good manners he has to follow in public D(make a deal with Gregory on the use of his Christmas gift—iPhone 答案 D [写作意图题。根据文章第一段的最后一句“Failure to comply with(遵守) the following list will result in termination (终止) of your iPhone ownership.”以及对第一段的整体 理解可知～本文主要介绍了母亲和孩子之间关于使用圣诞礼物iPhone手机的相关约定。故 选D项。] 6(If Gregory loses his iPhone，he ________( A(will get a new one from his parents B(has to pay for a new one himself C(will never receive gifts from his parents D(must learn to live without a phone 答案 B [细节理解题。根据文章第4条规定中的第一句“If it falls into the toilet～breaks up on the ground or disappears into thin air～you are responsible for the replacement or repair costs.” 可知～如果手机丢了～Gregory需要自己重新买个新的。故选B项。] 7(We can learn from the article that Gregory's parents ________( A(set rules and regulations in every aspect of his life B(expect him to do something in return for this gift C(are worried about his manners and carelessness D(don't want him to be addicted to electronic products 答案 D [细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第二句“I hope that you understand that it is my job to form you into a well-rounded～healthy young man who can coexist with technology without being ruled by it.”可知～孩子的父母不想孩子成为手机控。故选D项。] 8(Gregory has to follow the rules below except that ________( A(be sure to answer his parents' calls B(keep the phone in silence when he's at the cinema C(record his life as much as possible using the phone D(bring the phone with him on field trips when necessary 答案 C [细节理解题。根据文章第6条规定中的最后一句“There is no need to document everything.”可知～母亲要求孩子不需要将每件事情都用手机记录下来～C项与此条相悖。故 选C项。] Passage 3 体裁:说明文 话题:食品卫生 词数:310 时间:6′ (2015?海滨区高三第二次调研)If you bought some candy months ago but never ate it，how can you tell whether it is still safe to eat? The easiest way is to check the “use-by date” printed on the wrapper.If that date has already passed，you're likely to throw the candy away.But is that really necessary? According to a new report from the US Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)，tons of food is wasted each year，largely because people don't fully understand what expiration dates，or “use-by dates”，actually mean. Food dating was introduced in the 1970s because consumers wanted more information about the things that they were eating.When they first showed up，use-by dates were only supposed to indicate freshness because producers wanted their products to be tasted in their best conditions. But the truth is that these dates aren't related to the risk of food poisoning or food-born illness， according to Time News.However，most customers misinterpreted use-by dates and related them to the safety of the food，and they still largely do now. Eggs，for example，can still be eaten three to five weeks after purchase even though the use-by date is much earlier.When their use-by dates pass，strawberry-flavored drinks may lose their red color and biscuits may lose their crunch(松脆)，but they are not harmful. “It's a confusing subject，the difference between food quality and food safety，” said Jena Roberts，vice president of National Food Lab，a US food testing company.“Even in the food industry I have colleagues who get confused.” This is why scientists are calling for a standard explanation to be printed following the use-by dates.“We want this to be clearly communicated so consumers are not misunderstanding the data and contributing to a lot of waste，” said Dana Gunders，a staff scientist with the NRDC. But this won't be a mistake that is easy to correct since people have believed it for so long.Another problem is that the quality levels of different foods change differently—some are still safe to eat long after their use-by date while others are not. As a result，food industry officials are now thinking of changing the use-by date to a date indicating when food is most likely to go bad. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们对保质期的误解。人们通常会把过了保质 期的食物理解为不能食用～而把它们扔掉～这造成了很大的浪费。其实～许多过了保质期的食 物还是可以食用的。 9(The use-by date was first intended to ________( A(tell the freshness of food B(show the safety of food C(give a warning of food poisoning D(indicate the relation between food and illness 答案 A [细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“When they first showed up～use-by dates were only supposed to indicate freshness...”可知～最初引入保质期是为了显示食物是否新鲜。故 选A。] 10(The underlined word “misinterpreted” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________( A(made guesses about B(formed a wrong idea about C(made wrong use of D(took no notice of 答案 B [词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句“But the truth is that these dates aren't related to the risk of food poisoning or food-born illness～according to Time News.”和第五段的例子可知～ 事实上保质期和食物中毒或者食源性病毒的风险无关。然而～大多数消费者根据保质期的 提示都会把过了保质期的食物扔掉～其实～有的食物虽然过了保质期～但还可以食用。由 此推知～消费者对保质期存在误解。所以misinterpret意为“误解～曲解”。故选B。] 11(Which of the following is TRUE? A(Most customers understand what use-by dates mean. B(“Use-by dates” have existed for more than 50 years. C(Biscuits can't be eaten when not as crunchy as they are bought. D(Even after their use-by dates pass，some foods are still safe to eat. 答案 D [细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Eggs～for example～can still be eaten three to five weeks after purchase even though the use-by date is much earlier.”可知～鸡蛋在购买三到 五个星期后仍然可以食用～尽管保质期早得多。这说明有些食物虽然过了保质期～但是仍 然还是可以食用的。故选D。] 12(Scientists are calling for a standard explanation to be printed together with the use-by dates because ________( A(use-by dates are not helpful or reliable B(more consumers get worried about food safety C(most consumers often misunderstand use-by dates D(the quality level of different foods changes differently 答案 C [细节理解题。根据第七段第二句“We want this to be clearly communicated so consumers are not misunderstanding the data and contributing to a lot of waste”可知～科学家们 需要一个标准的解释以消除消费者对保质期的误解。可见～消费者总是误解保质期。故选 C。根据第四段第二句和第六段第二句也可得出答案。] Passage 4 体裁:夹叙夹议 话题:善意换来善意 词数:294 时间:5′ (2015?临沂高三教学质检，B)My daughter and I collected the empty cans and bottles in our home this morning.We had 6 full garbage bags so I knew we would be spending a bit more of time at the recycling center.When we got there，a man and his kids were also doing the morning recycling and were using two of the four machines to recycle their plastic and cans.Luckily，we were able to use the 2 remaining machines. Of course，there were others that came，but when they saw the two families with garbage bags full of recycled things，they quickly left.However，one woman came in with just 5 cans and looked as if she was in a hurry.So I stopped what I was doing and let her in to recycle her cans.Of course，she was grateful，and it felt good to let her go ahead of me.But that was not the whole story. My daughter and I continued to work through the bags，but the plastic recycling machine stopped working because it was full.My daughter was left with nothing to do.The other family was still using the other two plastic recycling machines，but it seemed that they were almost done.I just told my daughter we would have to wait until they were done.But the man of the other family came through with another act of kindness.He offered to let us go ahead of him.I was really surprised，because we had more than 5 bottles，but he didn't seem to mind.I happily accepted it( It was great to give and then to get an act of kindness in turn.I didn't expect it，but it surely brightened up my day. 【语篇解读】 一位妇女有急事～所以作者帮助了她～后来作者遇到了困难～别人又给予及时 的帮助～这正说明了一个道理:相互帮助～善有善报。 13(What can we learn from Paragraph l? A(The writer did collecting every morning. B(The writer usually had 6 bags of cans to recycle. C(There were four recycling machines in all. D(Most people did recycling in the morning. 答案 C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a man and his kids were also doing the morning recycling and were using two of the four machines to recycle their plastic and cans”可知～共有四 台回收机器。] 14(Why did the writer let the woman recycle her cans first? A(Because there were many other families there. B(Because the woman seemed to be in a hurry. C(Because the writer wanted to hear a story. D(Because the woman was very grateful. 答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However～one woman came in with just 5 cans and looked as if she was in a hurry.”可知～是因为她匆忙有事情。] 15(Why couldn't the writer finish her recycling in time? A(Because her daughter's machine stopped working. B(Because the other family was still using the machines. C(Because she let the other family use her machine first. D(Because she helped recycle the other family's bags first. 答案 A [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“My daughter and I continued to work through the bags～but the plastic recycling machine stopped working because it was full.”可知～机器出 了故障。] 16(What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A(The kindness. B(The offer. C(The machine. D(The 5 bottles. 答案 B [细节理解题。根据上文中的“He offered to let us go ahead of him.”可知～此处 代词it指他所提供的帮助。] 题组一 体验真题 Passage 1 体裁:说明文 话题:食品 词数:320 时间:7′ (2015?安徽卷，E)Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning，and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country. Sharing bread，whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table，is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread，so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread. Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States， pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece，people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake，which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it. Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child，and food can play a significant role. In China，when a baby is one month old，families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures，round foods such as grapes，bread， and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity. Nutrition is necessary for life，so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world. 【语篇解读】 该篇介绍了食品作为一种交流的两个基本方面～来说明它是世界各地不同文化 的一个重要组成部分。 1(According to the passage，sharing bread________( A(indicates a lack of food B(can help to develop unity C(is a custom unique to rural areas D(has its roots in birthday celebrations 答案 B [考查细节理解。由第一段(..can promote unity and trust可知。] 2(What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year? A(Trust. B(Success. C(Health. D(Togetherness. 答案 B [考查细节理解。由第三段signifies (预示)(..success in the New Year可知。] 3(The author explains the role of food in celebrations by________( A(using examples B(making comparisons C(analyzing causes D(describing processes 答案 A [考查推理判断。由第三段可知。] 4(What is the passage mainly about? A(The custom of sharing food. B(The specific meaning of food. C(The role of food in ceremonies. D(The importance of food in culture. 答案 D [考查主旨大意。由最后一段可知。] Passage 2 体裁:说明文 话题:艺术 词数:360 时间:8′ (2015?重庆卷，E)The values of artistic works，according to cultural relativism(相对主义)，are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view，however，fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries. History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls，as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries.Unique works of this kind are different from today's popular art，even if apart in their timeless appeal and will they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future. In a 1757 essay，the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.Works of this type，he believed，spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries. Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.For example，evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist. 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文～主要介绍了艺术作品是永恒受欢迎的～原因是人类的审美具有 共同性～并且就此展开说明。 5(According to the passage，what do we know about cultural relativism? A(It introduces different cultural values. B(It explains the history of artistic works. C(It relates artistic values to local conditions. D(It excites the human mind throughout the world. 答案 C [细节推断题。根据文章第一句可知相对主义文化是地方社会和经济状况的反应。 故选择C。] 6(In Paragraph 2，the artists are mentioned in order to show that ________( A(great works of art can go beyond national boundaries B(history gives art works special appeal to set them apart C(popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts D(great artists are skilled at combining various cultures 答案 A [细节推断题。根据第二段列举的三个例子可以看出艺术作品是没有国界的。故 选择A。] 7(According to Hume，some works of art can exist for centuries because ________( A(they are results of scientific study B(they establish some general principles of art C(they are created by the world's greatest artists D(they appeal to unchanging features of human nature 答案 D [细节推断题。根据文章第三段第一句the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature～”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.可知～选择D。] 8(Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? A(Are Artistic Values Universal? B(Are Popular Arts Permanent? C(Is Human Nature Uniform? D(Is Cultural Relativism Scientific? 答案 A [主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了艺术作品是永恒受欢迎的～因此其价值也是共同 的。] Passage 3 体裁:记叙文 话题:人物故事 词数:269 时间:5′ (2014?新课标全国卷?，A)Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid， stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport(护照). He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city，thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening，the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents(文 件)(Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out，although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way. 【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文～讲述了作者丈夫行李箱中的文件失而复得的事情。通过这件事～ 作者一家又重新找回了对他人的信任。 9(What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney? A(Go shopping. B(Find a house. C(Join his family. D(Take a vacation. 答案 B [事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“...stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.”可知作者到达悉尼计划要做的事情就是为“我和孩子” 找房子～故B项正确。] 10(The girl's parents got Rashid's phone number from ________( A(a friend of his family B(a Sydney policeman C(a letter in his papers D(a stranger in Sydney 答案 C [事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二段中“At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile...to a friend.”可知作者的电话号码是从文件中夹的一封信中找到的～故C项正确。] 11(What does the underlined word“restored”in the last paragraph mean? A(Showed. B(Sent out. C(Delivered. D(Gave back. 答案 D [词义猜测题。文章倒数第二段中讲到小女孩一家努力找到失主的联系方式并把 重要文件物归原主。这个善举使作者一家不仅找回了文件～而且重新找回了对人的信任。 故D项“归还”正确。A.展示,B.发送,C.递送。] 12(Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A(From India to Australia. B(Living in a New Country. C(Turning Trash to Treasure. D(In Search of New Friends. 答案 C [主旨大意题。丈夫丢失的重要文件被丢到了垃圾箱～被一个好心的家庭整理好 物归原主～这些别人眼中的垃圾对作者丈夫来说非常珍贵。故C项最能体现文章大意。] Passage 4 体裁:说明文 话题:动物与植物 词数:330 时间:6′ (2014?上海卷，A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing.But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk，but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying，but they do agree that many animals，from birds to chimpanzees，behave dishonestly to fool other animals.Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive. Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals.For example，a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.When a predator (猎食动物) gets close to its nest，the plover leads the predator away from the nest.How? It pretends to have a broken wing.The predator follows the“hurt” adult，leaving the baby birds safe in the nest. Another kind of bird，the scrub jay，buries its food so it always has something to eat.Scrub jays are also thieves.They watch where others bury their food and steal it.But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them.So they go back later，unbury the food，and bury it again somewhere else. Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work.How? They don't make nests.Instead，they get into other birds' nests secretly.Then they lay their eggs and fly away.When the baby birds come out，their adoptive parents feed them. Chimpanzees，or chimps，can also be sneaky.After a fight，the losing chimp will give its hand to the other.When the winning chimp puts out its hand，too，the chimps are friendly again.But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again. Chimps are sneaky in other ways，too.When chimps find food that they love，such as bananas， it is natural for them to cry out.Then other chimps come running.But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food.That way，other chimps don't hear them，and they don't need to share their food. As children，many of us learn the saying“You can't fool Mother Nature.” But maybe you can't trust her，either. 【语篇解读】 动物不会说话～但是它们会以其他方式说谎吗,它们会以其身体和行为表现说 谎吗,动物专家认为很多动物～从鸟类到黑猩猩～有时候在行为上表现不诚实～用来欺骗其他 动物。这样做常常可以帮助它们幸免于难。 13(A plover protects its young from a predator by ________( A(getting closer to its young B(driving away the adult predator C(leaving its young in another nest D(pretending to be injured 答案 D [细节理解题。由第二段第三、四、五句可知～鸻看到猎食动物靠近鸟巢～它假 装翅膀受伤～猎食动物紧跟着它～离开幼鸟所在的巢。故选D项。] 14(By“Chimpanzees，or chimps，can also be sneaky”(Paragraph 5)，the author means ________( A(chimps are ready to attack others B(chimps are sometimes dishonest C(chimps are jealous of the winners D(chimps can be selfish too 答案 B [推理判断题。由黑体字后面的内容可知～两只黑猩猩打架后～失败的那只会主 动向获胜的那只握手言和～但动物专家曾经发现一只失败的黑猩猩握住获胜者的手后～又 开始打起来。从而可推断出黑猩猩有时候是不诚实的～故选B。] 15(Which of the following is true according to the passage? A(Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others. B(The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand. C.Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests. D(Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back. 答案 A [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第四、五句可知～一些聪明的黑猩猩有时候发现 食物时小声叫～这样的话其他的黑猩猩听不见叫声～就不会过来和它们分享食物。] 16(Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A(Do animals lie? B(Does Mother Nature fool animals? C(How do animals learn to lie? D(How does honesty help animals survive? 答案 A [主旨大意题。通读 全文 企业安全文化建设方案企业安全文化建设导则安全文明施工及保证措施创建安全文明校园实施方案创建安全文明工地监理工作情况 内容可知～各种不同的动物在行为上表现不诚实各有各 的原因。干扰项为C:动物是如何学会撒谎的,文章内容着重点在于动物撒谎的目的而不 是学习撒谎的过程。故C项可以排除。正确答案为A。] Passage 5 体裁:议论文 话题:社会文化 词数:381 时间:7′ (2014?湖北卷，B)London's newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build.At a height of almost 310 metres，it is the tallest building in Europe.The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London.However，not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better. The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano.When he began designing the Shard for London，Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶)(He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city.The sides of the building aren't regular.So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin，sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name:the Shard.Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames. The Shard has 87 floors.At the top，there is an observatory.At the moment the building is empty， but eventually there will be a five-star hotel.There will also be top quality restaurants，apartments and offices. Before building work began，a lot of people didn't want the Shard though the plans were approved.Now they are still unhappy about the Shard.Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York，but not in London.They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape.But that is the only thing.There is no decoration，only flat surfaces.The Egyptians did that 4，500 years ago.They also think the Shard is too big for London.It destroys the beauty of the city. Other critics don't like what the Shard seems to represent.They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal.Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London.So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor. The Shard now dominates the London skyline.It is not certain，however，that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city. 【语篇解读】 文章论述了伦敦新的摩天大楼the Shard的建造所带来的争议。有人认为它是英 国传统文化的传承～是一项很好的变化。但也有批评者认为Shard造成了社会(贫富) 分化。 17(London's newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of ________( A(its cost B(its size C(its shape D(its height 答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段第四行到第五行So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin～sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name: Shard.可知答案为B。] 18(When he designed the Shard，Piano wanted it to ____________. A(change London's skyline B(inherit London's tradition C(imitate the Egyptian style D(attract potential visitors 答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第二句:Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition可知答案为B。] 19(The critics who refer to social division think the Shard ________( A(is only preferred by the rich B(is intended for wealthy people C(is far away from the poor area D(is popular only with Londoners 答案 B [细节理解题。根据第五段第三句Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.可知答案为B。] 20(Which would be the best title for the passage? A(The Shard:Cheers and Claps B(The Shard:Work of a Great Architect C(The Shard:New Symbol of London? D(The Shard:A Change for the Better? 答案 D [主旨大意题。整篇文章论述的是伦敦新的摩天大楼的建造所带来的争议。有人 认为它是英国传统的传承～是一个很好的变化。但也有人提出质疑～认为Shard造成了社 会(贫富) 分化。因此答案选D。] 题组二 尝试模拟 Passage 1 体裁:议论文 话题:城市化 词数:354 时间:6′ (2015?山东六校高三一模，E)The United Nations is warning that the world is not prepared to deal with the fast growth of cities.The World Economic and Social Survey 2013 calls for new ways to meet the needs of city populations.More than 6.5 billion people are expected to be living in cities by 2050. Most new city dwellers will be in developing countries.The United Nations says the effect on limited resources in many countries will be huge.The World Economic and Social Survey points to the increasing demand for energy，water，sanitation，public services，education and health care. The world population is expected to rise to more than nine billion by 2050 and，two thirds of all people are expected to live in cities.The United Nations says about 80 percent of this growing urban population will be found in Africa and Asia. The report says sustainable development(可持续发展) of urban areas requires coordination and investments to deal with important issues，which include land use，food security，job creation and transportation. Willem Van Der Geest，who is with the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs，says cities need to work closely with rural communities so that food supplies can be secured， and the environment can be protected. “We need enough integration(整合，融合)with cities...An integration between the rural and urban economies is absolutely vital for issues of nutrition，food security，and environmental sustainability.” The report says development in a sustainable way is important to end poverty.The report also examines the problem of food insecurity，which affects hundreds of millions of people around the world.One in eight people still severely lack nutrition. UN officials say some things are clear.The Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development，Shamshad Akhtar，says world food production will have to increase by 70%，that increase will be needed to feed the additional 2.3 billion people expected on the planet by the middle of the century.She says an important part of meeting that need is to waste less food.“There has to be efforts to reduce food wastage.” Food and nutrition security are core elements of the sustainable development agenda. 【语篇解读】 联合国发出警告说世界还没有为快速的城市化进程做好准备。2013年世界经济 和社会调查报告要求我们需寻求新的方法来满足不断增长的城市人口的需要。 1(The survey includes the following statements except that ________( A(varieties of demands are hard to meet because of the increasing population in Africa and Asia B(one way to put an end to poverty is to be able to develop for a long time C(transportation is an important issue to deal with when it comes to sustainable development of urban areas D(hundreds of millions of people around the world are affected by the problem of food insecurity 答案 A [细节理解题。首先要注意题干中的except～即本题需考生找出调查报告不包括的 内容。根据第七段中“The report says development in a sustainable way is important to end poverty.”可排除B项,根据第四段的“transportation”可排除C项,根据第七段第二句“The report also examines the problem of food insecurity～which affects hundreds of millions of people around the world.”可排除D项。] 2(From the passage we can infer that ________( A(cities grow so fast that the world can't find out new ways to deal with the growing population B(the growing city dwellers who mainly come from the developing countries greatly challenge limited resources in the world C(sustainable development of urban areas requires coordination and investments to deal with important issues D(food wastage is an effective way to feed the additional 2.3 billion people by the middle of the century 答案 B [推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可知答案为B项。A项表达的内容过于绝 对～故被排除,第四段第一句为C项内容～不属于推断范畴～故被排除,根据倒数第二段 可知解决食品短缺的方法是将粮食产量提高70%以满足到本世纪中叶增长的23亿人口的需 要～而满足这一需要的一个重要部分是尽量减少对粮食的浪费～由此可见注意粮食浪费问 题并不能完全解决食品短缺问题～故排除D项。] 3(What is the best title of the passage? A(The World Economic and Social Survey 2013 B(City Population Will Increase to 9 Billion C(Cities Need to Cooperate with Rural Areas D(The World Is Not Prepared to Deal with the Fast Growth of Cities 答案 D [主旨大意题。作者在第一段第一句提出了文章的主题～故答案为D项。其他选 项均为文章中的其中一项内容～并不能概括文章主题～故全被排除。] 4(The passage is chosen from ________( A(a textbook B(a travel guide C(a novel D(a newspaper 答案 D [推理判断题。文章介绍了快速的城市化进程给我们带来了很多问题～属热点问 题～旨在让人们对这一问题加以重视～由此可判断本文应出自报纸～而不是课本、旅游指 南或小说。] Passage 2 体裁:议论文 话题:教育 词数:278 时间:5′ (2015?北京西城一模，D)Today，we are told that children don't spend enough time in the fresh air.Many of them are addicted to a screen either on a computer or a TV—they seem to be living in a virtual world.They have lost touch with nature. But now 400 organizations in the UK，from playgroups to the National Health Service，are encouraging children to have some “wild time”(They want kids to swap at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing computer games for time playing outside.Activities such as building dens， climbing trees，rummaging for conkers and playing hide and seek are just some of the things kids can do.Even if they live in a city，they can go on adventures in the garden or the park. Children often need a helping hand from mum and dad.They need to be shown what to do and where to go.Andy Simpson from National Health Service says，“We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids' development，independence and creativity，by giving wild time a go.” So despite the complicated world that young people grow up in now，it seems that going back to basics and experiencing “nature's playground” is what modern children need.David Bond from Project Wild Thing says，“We need to make more space for wild time in children's daily routine，freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted”( This might sound a bit old-fashioned to you or maybe，like me，it's made you think about sticking on your boots，getting outdoors and reliving your childhood.There's no age limit on enjoying yourself! 【语篇解读】 如今孩子们大都迷恋电视或电脑～而从事户外运动的时间越来越少～这使得他 们失去了与大自然接触的机会。本文作者提出了鼓励孩子进行户外活动的建议。 5(What is the best title of the text? A(Wild time for children B(Benefits of wild time C(More space for children D(Adventures for children 答案 A [主旨大意题。文章开头提出现在的儿童迷恋电脑、电视而缺少足够的户外时间～ 然而在第二段提出“wild time”这一概念～由此展开行文。由此可见文章的中心是关于wild time的～A项最能体现文章中心～故为答案。] 6(Children are encouraged to do the following activities except ________( A(building dens B(climbing trees C(playing hide and seek D(watching TV 答案 D [细节理解题。根据第二段作者提出的一些活动可知D项不是作者鼓励要做的 事。] 7(According to Andy Simpson，we know that ________( A(wild time is hard to design B(wild time is beneficial for children C.parents know the importance of wild time D(parents like keeping their children indoors 答案 B [细节理解题。根据第三段Andy Simpson所说“We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids' development～independence and creativity～by giving wild time a go.”可知户外活动对孩子们的成长有好处～故答案为B项。] 8(What 's the main idea of Paragraph 4? A(Modern children need wild time. B(Adults value outdoor activities. C(The present world is complicated. D(This generation of kids have no freedom. 答案 A [主旨大意题。第四段开头指出“不管孩子现在成长的社会多么复杂～返璞归真 以及感受大自然都是现代儿童所需要的”～然后作者又引用David Bond的话来 证明 住所证明下载场所使用证明下载诊断证明下载住所证明下载爱问住所证明下载爱问 wild time的必要性～由此可见A项最能体现本段的中心意思～故为答案。] Passage 3 体裁:议论文 话题:空气污染 词数:335 时间:6′ (2015?北京东城高三一模，C)The fourth round of heavy smog that hit Beijing in four weeks has sent more people to the hospital with respiratory(呼吸的) illnesses and led to calls for laws to control the pollution. Pan Shiyi，a real estate developer，said he is planning to propose (提出) a Clean Air Act to the local government.As a representative of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress，he started an online survey at 9:20 a(m.Within three hours，more than 25，000 web users，or 99 percent of total respondents，welcomed his proposal on Sina Weibo，China's Twitter. They have good reasons to stand alongside Pan.The latest round of haze(雾霾) reduced visibility to under 500 meters in many parts of the city.The smog has also led to a great increase in respiratory illnesses，particularly among children and the elderly.Anxious parents and doctors almost all blame the smoggy air for the illnesses.Though most schoolchildren are home for the winter holidays，the bad air can easily move indoors.Besides，ordinary medical masks fail to provide adequate protection，so some people have turned to gas masks and respirators (呼吸器)( The causes of the scary smog are rather mysterious，though experts blame excessive emissions and the mountains around Beijing that trap pollution in winter，unless there is adequate wind to clear it away.Some critics have pointed fingers at China's top two oil firms，China National Petroleum Corp and China Petrochemical Corporation，saying the companies' outdated production technologies produce large quantities of substandard，high-polluting gas fuel. Meanwhile，concerned Beijingers have moved their brainstorming sessions to cyberspace.If Pan's proposal for a Clean Air Act is adopted，netizens say the new law should include items providing for “car-free days” in times of smog，higher standards for vehicle fuel，stricter restrictions on industrial and exhaust gas emissions，and more effective protection for the public. Beijing is not the only city that has ever lost the blue sky.Five days of thick fog caused thousands of deaths in Britain in December 1952，urging the government to pass the first Clean Air Act in 1956， which introduced smokeless zones and cleaner fuels to reduce pollution.That may provide some experience for Beijing to refer to. 【语篇解读】 北京持续的雾霾天气引发了公众对空气污染的关注～网民们纷纷呼吁政府制定 《清洁空气法案》。 9(Why did Pan Shiyi start an online survey? A(To investigate the public's opinions on pollution. B(To tell people the danger of the smoggy weather. C(To call on more people to support his proposal. D(To collect supporting evidences for his proposal. 答案 D [推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知～潘石屹发起网上调查～是因为他计划 向地方政府提交《清洁空气法案》的提议(proposal)～首先排除A、B两项,再根据常识判 断～网上发起投票调查～是为了收集提议受到支持的证据～使其更具说服力～故答案选 D。] 10(What can we learn from the passage? A(People are clear about the causes of the smoggy weather. B(Children staying indoors will not get respiratory illnesses. C(Smog is worse for people with lower resistance to diseases. D(Masks can give people protection against the smoggy weather. 答案 C [细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知选C～雾霾导致呼吸性系统疾病的增长～ 尤其在老人和儿童中(抵抗力较弱的人群)。根据第四段第一句可知A项错误,根据第三段 倒数第二句可知B项错误,根据第三段最后一句可知D项错误。] 11(Britain is mentioned in the last paragraph to ________( A(suggest Beijing should learn from other countries B(let people know many places have this problem C(tell people the situation in Britain is worse D(call on the government to pass Britain's Clean Air Act 答案 A [推理判断题。根据全文最后一句可推断出～举例是建议北京向英国学习～早日 制定《清洁空气法案》。] 12(What's the best title for this passage? A(The Use of Gas Masks and Respirators B(Beijingers Call for a Clean Air Act C(Effective Protection for Blue Sky D(The Mysterious Causes of the Scary Smog 答案 B [主旨大意题。文章介绍了北京持续出现的雾霾天气导致的严重危害以及网民们 呼吁制定《清洁空气法案》～故B项符合文章主旨。] Passage 4 体裁:记叙文 话题:体育运动 词数:319 时间:6′ (2015?河北四校高三联考)In October 2010，I left my hometown and family in Virginia and moved to Iowa so I could be coached by Liang Chow.I'd been dreaming of an Olympic gold medal since I was eight—but gradually，that dream seemed like a million miles away. On January 2，2012，while Mom was visiting me in Iowa，I told her，“I don't like gymnastics anymore.I want to try dancing，or become a singer.I can get a job in Virginia.I just want to come home.” Mom's eyes narrowed and her expression turned to stone.“You're breaking my heart，Brie，” she said.“You've been doing gymnastics for ten years，and now you want to quit? Have you lost your mind,” I hadn't lost my mind，but I had lost my fire.It's an entirely different thing to push toward that dream when you feel alone. “I'm not trying to break your heart，Mom，” I said.“I just don't want to do it anymore.” “I know you miss home.But you've signed a contract that says you will represent your country to the best of your ability.You've got a responsibility to your teammates.And now you just want to walk away? I will not let you be dishonorable.If you don't like gymnastics，then at the very least，you will finish the season.” The next afternoon as I dragged myself into Chow's gym，I thought of the efforts Mom had made in order to pay for my training.I thought of my two sisters:Arielle，who gave up ballroom dancing， and Joyelle，who stopped ice skating so that our single Mom could afford to keep me in gymnastics. For now，here's what you need to know:Exactly 210 days before I ever attempted my first vault (跳跃) in the London Summer Olympics，my leap of faith came this close to ending in a crash of disaster. 【语篇解读】 作者因为想家想要放弃体操训练～但母亲的鼓励以及姐姐们的付出让她最终选 择了坚持～并继续追求自己的梦想。 13(The author wanted to give up gymnastics because ________( A(she thought she loved music more B(she was overcome with homesickness C(an Olympic gold was beyond her reach D(the training for the Olympics was too hard 答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段的“I just want to come home.”～第四段的“It's an entirely different thing to push toward that dream when you feel alone.”和第六段的“I know you miss home.”可知～作者独在异乡～因太想家而产生了放弃的念头。] 14(How did the author's mother feel on hearing her words? A(Heart-broken. B(Sympathetic. C(Helpless. D(Calm. 答案 A [推理判断题。根据第三段的“You're breaking my heart”可以看出～作者半途而废 让母亲很伤心。] 15(We can infer from the passage that the author ________( A(was born into an athletic family B(realized her Olympic dream C(changed her mind in the end D(had a bad childhood 答案 C [推理判断题。母亲的话让作者想起家人为她所做出的牺牲。文章最后一段 “Exactly 210 days before I ever attempted my first vault (跳跃) in the London Summer Olympics” 说明作者改变了最初的想法～选择了坚持。] 16(What would be the best title for the passage? A(A dream come true B(My leap of faith C(My mother D(A quitter 答案 B [主旨大意题。作者最初想放弃体操～但最后选择了坚持。B项标题概括了文章 的主旨并与文章最后一段的“my leap of faith came this close to ending in a crash of disaster”呼 应。] Passage 5 体裁:夹叙夹议 话题:关爱老人 词数:310 时间:6′ (2015?河南六校高三联考)A man going abroad to work leaves his young lady crying.“Don't worry，I will write to you every day，” he said.For years he did write to her.But since he was happy with his job，he had no immediate plans of going home.One day，he received a wedding invitation.His girlfriend was scheduled to be married.To whom? To the mailman bringing regularly the letters of her boyfriend! Indeed，distance does make hearts struggle. While presents are important，love demands what is basic:presence of the beloved. Martha was busy with her job.She believed she had to work harder because she loved her father who had serious disease.She had to provide for his expensive medicine.Her brothers and sisters meanwhile stayed with their father most of the time.They bathed him，sang for him，spoon-fed him or simply kept him company. One day Martha was hurt.She overheard her father telling her mother，“All our children love me except Martha.”“How can this be,”Martha thought.“Am I not the one killing myself in my work to have money to buy for his medicine,My brothers and sisters do not even provide their share in the expenses as much as I do.” One night，as Martha was as usual late in going home，she peeped for the first time in the room where her father was lying.She noticed that her father was still awake.She decided to come close at his bedside.Her father held her hands and said，“I miss you.I don't have much time.Stay with me.”And she stayed with her father holding his hand the whole night. The next morning Martha said to everyone，“I have taken a leave of absence.I would like to be with my father.I will bathe him and sing for him from now on.”Her father had a beautiful smile.He knew this time Martha loved him. As children，we need the assuring presence of our loved ones.Adult people need no less. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Martha的父亲因病重需要昂贵的医药费～于是她努力 赚更多的钱～但是她的父亲仍然希望她能够陪伴在身边。最终她决定放下工作全心照顾自己的 父亲。文章以此来说明一个道理:陪在心爱的人身边比什么都重要。 17(Why did Martha work so hard? A(She liked to work more than attending her father. B(It was her duty to earn money for the family. money. C(Her brothers and sisters had no jobs and could gain no D(She had to earn money to pay for her father's medicine. 答案 D [细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“She believed she had to work harder because she loved her father who had serious disease.She had to provide for his expensive medicine.”可知～ Martha工作如此努力的原因是她不得不赚钱来支付父亲昂贵的医药费。故选D。] 18(Her father's words “All our children love me except Martha” showed that ________( A(her father thought nothing of money B(her father more valued his daughter's presence C(her father understood his daughter D(her father was tired of his daughter 答案 B [推理判断题。根据倒数第三段倒数第二句“Her father held her hands and said～ ‘I miss you.I don't have much time.Stay with me.’”可推知～Martha的父亲所说的话表明他 更看重的是女儿陪伴在身边。故选B。] 19(How did Martha win her father's favor? A(She stayed with her father and comforted him. B(She refused to gain money and gave up her job. C(She tried to earn as little money as possible. D(She would replace her brothers and sisters. 答案 A [推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“And she stayed with her father holding his hand the whole night.”并结合倒数第二段中的“I have taken a leave of absence.I would like to be with father.I will bathe him and sing for him from now on.”可推知～Martha放下工作回到家陪 伴父亲并安慰他～这样一来～她让父亲知道她也爱他。故选A。] 20(What's the main idea of this passage? A(Distance can strengthen love. B(Anyone should love father most. C(Company is more important than presents. D(All children must accompany their parents. 答案 C [主旨大意题。根据第二段“While presents are important～love demands what is basic:presence of the beloved.”～并结合全文内容可知～本文通过这个故事想要告诉读者 的是:陪伴比礼物更重要。故选C。]