翻译三级笔译综合能力2004年11月

2004年11月英语三级《笔译综合能力》试题 Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points) This section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions. The time for this section is 25 minutes. Part 1 Vocabulary Selection In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 1. She did not ______ staying at home as she had some sewing to do. A. matter B. care C. object D. mind 2. I should like to rent a house, that is modern, cozy and, ______ , in a convenient place. A. before all B. above all C. over all D. first of all 3. Leading stress management experts say that life with stress would be dull and ______. A. disorderly B. time-consuming C. fruitless D. unexciting 4. Martin has created enough memorable ______ to make it easy to forgive his lows. A. youngsters B. nobles C. highs D. miserables 5. Basca has ______ his first prize at the Intel Science Talent Search, the premier national high school science competition. A. landed B. lent C. rendered D. brought 6. No one was ______ in the accident. A. injured B. damaged C. wounded D. suffered 7. John is handsome ______ the scar on his face. A. although B. even if C. instead of D. despite 8. Even at an early stage the school felt that she ______ a good chance of passing her exams. A. stood B. gained C. possessed D. took 9. Orson accused the man ______ the theft. A. for B. of C. in D. on 10. I can't tell the time because the ______ of the clock have been removed. A. hands B. pointers C. arms D. fingers 11. One person ______ 10 now goes to a university in this country. A. of B. over C. in D. from 12. This book is full of practical ______ on home repair. A. helps B. tips C. aids D. clues 13. I'm so tired that I can't take ______ what you're saying. A. up B. out C. in D. on 14. His failure ______ great disappointments to his parents. A. forced B. caused C. made D. provided 15. The little boy was continually ______ the ornaments. A. tripping up B. falling down C. breaking up D. knocking over 16. If a star seems to be moving in a wavy line, we ______ it of being a double star. A. doubt B. believe C. guess D. suspect 17. I wrote to my bank manager, ______ to getting a loan. A. in the hope B. on the question C. with the aim D. with a view 18. His emotional problems ______ from his experiences as a child, I think. A. stem B. flourish C. root D. sprout 19. ______ pollution control measures are expensive, many industries hesitate to adopt them. A. Although B. However C. Because D. On account of 20. ______ of recent political developments, he was taken by surprise upon his arrival in the capital. A. Unexpected B. Unacquainted C. Unaware D. Unknowing Part 2 Vocabulary Replacement This part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 21. The doctor preferred to resign rather than be accused publicly of infamous conduct. A. unknown B. extraordinary C. mysterious D. disgraceful 22. Since Jonas Salk came up with his polio vaccine, infantile paralysis has virtually disappeared from the United States. A. surfaced with B. raised the price of C. discovered D. elevated 23. In the nineteenth century, poor Europeans seeking to make their fortunes turned to America as a matter of course. A. automatically B. obviously C. traditionally D. resignedly 24. Nineteenth-century scholars tried to trace the origins of modern languages to ancient Hebrew. A. limit B. connect C. convert D. draw 25. Icy roads and poor visibility are familiar hazards in the midwest. A. chances B. dangers C. conditions D. occurrences 26. For all their protestations, they heeded the judge's ruling. A. In spite of B. On behalf of C. Because of D. Without 27. The space shuttle program entails the use of sophisticated technology. A. enhances B. develops C. creates D. involves 28. Tom was avid for learning and imitating and read everything he could. A. eager B. surging C. appreciative D. vigorous 29. The country will no longer be plagued by turmoil. A. constant change B. bad weather C. utter confusion D. fuel shortages 30. As a general rule, September is the worst month of the year for hurricanes in the Gulf. A. Normally B. On rare occasions C. Invariably D. Sometimes 31. Innovative approaches to manufacturing, coupled with the tremendous size of the domestic market, led to the emergence of the United States as an industrial giant. A. followed by B. deriving from C. combined with D. mixed with 32. Laurel leaves are still an emblem of victory. A. a symbol B. a result C. a suggestion D. a spoil 33. The National Industrial Recovery Act was designed to spur industry. A. tax B. stimulate C. censure D. rebuke 34. When the Erie Canal was built in the 1820's, it was the engineering marvel of its time. A. wonder B. dispute C. frustration D. model 35. Mary McCarthy's satires are couched in the prose style that has a classic precision. A. fused B. prefaced C. standardized D. expressed Part 3 Error Correction This part consists of 15 sentences in which there is an underlined part that indicates an error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 36. When he fails his final examination, he is sure of a university place. A. If B. In case C. Even when D. Even if 37. He says, you must take in those responsibilities. A. take away B. take on C. take out D. take off 38. When they broke open the door, they found a strange man lied on the floor unconscious. A. lay B. laid C. lain D. lying 39. I regret to have not paid more attention to our English lessons at school. A. not paying B. not having paid C. have not paid D. not to have paid 40. Without the music, the children would have not had so much fun. A. wouldn't be having B. wouldn't have been C. wouldn't be D. wouldn't have had 41. John and I have just been telling stories two of us. A. ourselves B. to each other C. each of us D. both 42. Had I run out of gas, I ought to have called the garage. A. had B. would have C. would D. should have 43. I cannot thank you very. much for your kindness, I owe my success to you. A. so B. too C. as D. enough 44. Don't set him to talking philosophy or he'll go on all evening. A. off B. on C. at D. of 45. I suppose the party ended in a friendly atmosphere, isn't it? A. don't I B. do I C. did it D. didn't it 46. Scarcely had the van turned the comer than the mirror came off. A. No more B. No sooner C. Not any D. No longer 47. We don't plan to go to the concert, and so they don't. A. so do they B. they don't too C. neither don't they D. they don't either 48. Having finished lunch, the case was discussed. A. they discussed the case B. they had discussed the case C. the case was discussed D. the case had been discussed 49. When Henry arrived home after a hard day at work, his wife was slept. A. his wife was sleeping B. his wife slept C. his wife has slept D. his wife has been sleeping 50. It was not until she arrived at the classroom she realized she had forgotten her coursebook. A. and she realized B. which she realized C. then she realized D. that she realized Section 2: Reading Comprehension (55 points) In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 75 minutes. Texans have bursting pride and love attention. They also have a thick streak of shortsighted greed and, even by American standards, a busted disposition to violence. When they hear this sort of criticism they usually ascribe it to the ignorance and jealousy of stuffy Yankees who have not spent enough time in the state to understand it. For such avowedly robust people they are surprisingly sensitive. They hated Edna Ferber's novel Giant, which scourged Texan vulgarity, racism and the mores of millionaires, but they bought it in great quantities and packed cinemas to see the film. They would rather be talked about than not, and if you do not talk about them they do it for you. In claiming special qualifies for themselves, Texans have had to become reconciled to the fact that a large number of them are not native. In the last century "Gone to Texas" was a commonplace graffito daubed on barns in other states, and in recent years "Gone to Texas" has, figuratively, been written on the front doors of millions of Americans and also Mexicans. In the early 1980s newcomers accounted for nearly two-thirds of the state's population increase. But Texans do not believe they are being diluted. They maintain that Texanhood, or Texianism, is a matter of attitude and that Texanic qualities exist in abundance in many Americans, regardless of their birthplace: it is when these people are planted in Texas, and nourished by its atmosphere, that they flower like true Texans. A man may not be born in Texas, which is unfortunate; but he can be born to be Texan. Many Alaskans are urban, young and raising families, here for a while, and trying to make money before moving to somewhere warmer. But many are staying. While most remain in Anchorage and other centers, some set out to build a cabin in the wilderness and live by hunting, trapping and fishing, learning how to skin a muskrat and moose, how to survive terrible weather, how to be truly in tune with the land, taking pleasure in great silence and unpeopled immensity. To settle the frontier the state has a homesteading program, based on the federal Homestead Act of 1864, which was a key event in the opening up of the American west. Hundreds of Alaskans are awarded parcels of wilderness land in an annual lottery and undertake to invest sweat equity, to build a home within three years and clear and cultivate the land within five. Alaskans love reading about Alaska, and two of the most popular books are a manual on log cabin building and a collection of tales about grizzly bears, of which Alaska is a stronghold. Log cabin life is for the stout-hearted few with the springs of adventure strong in them, and these wilderness Alaskans are remarkable. Some are refugees of one kind or another. Several hundred are Vietnam veterans, tortured by their experiences of war and unable to fit into normal urban life, seeking solace in the wilds. 51. Which of the following statements can best describe Texans? A. They are aggressively self-confident of their wisdom. B. They are brutally crude in making a living for themselves. C. They are blindly allergic to negative comments on their weakness. D. They are openly and crudely thin-skinned about discriminations against them. 52. The author in Paragraph 1 describes Texans as a class of people who are A. of a mixture of personality consisting of both morality and immorality B. of a mixture of nature consisting of both pride and violence C. more sensitive to criticisms of their uncivilized conducts D. born to be savage and uncivilized people 53. Which of the following statements can best summarize the implications of Paragraph 2? A. Texans are so conceited that they blindly and subjectively consider everything Texan to be inclusively Texan. B. Texans pride themselves on being superior to other Americans who are not as rich as Texans. C. Texans thumb down on all non-natives and regard them as being less educated and resourceful. D. Texans are crude in nature, savage in behavior, and conceited in personality. 54. According to the author, Alaskans are characterized by their distinctive and unique way of life that A. is embraced by both a strong desire to make money and special qualities for enjoying peace B. takes hunting, fishing and learning how to skin wild animals as their major activities C. is made up of both the enjoyment of staying indoors and the exploration of and doing the wilderness D. consists of both the love of themselves and the lust for wealth 55. Alaskans love reading books about A. Alaskans' way of living as hunters and as log cabin builders B. Alaskans' keen interest in living in the wild and the abundance in wild animals C. stories about Alaskans' log cabin life and their abundance of grizzly bears D. stories telling how Alaskans were cultivating the land and building log cabins Caesar was right. Thin people need watching. I've been watching them for most of my adult life, and I don't like what I see. When these narrow fellows spring at me, I quiver to my toes. Thin people come in all personalities, most of them menacing. You've got your "together" in person, your mechanical thin person, your condescending thin purism, your tsk-tsk thin person, your efficiency-expert thin person. All of them are dangerous. In the first place, thin people aren't fun. They don't know how to goof off, at least in the best, fat sense of the word. They've always got to be adoing. Give them a coffee break, and they'll jog around the block. Supple them with a quiet evening at home, and they'll fix the screen door and lick S & H green stamps. They say things like "there aren't enough hours in the day". Fat people never say that. Fat people think the day is too damn long already. Thin people make me tired. They've got speedy little metabolisms that cause them to bustle briskly. They're forever rubbing their bony hands together and eyeing new problems to "tackle". I like to surround myself with sluggish, inert, easygoing fat people, the kind who believe that if you clean it up today, it'll just get dirty again tomorrow. Some people say the business about the jolly fat person is a myth, that all of us chubbies are neurotic, sick, sad people. I disagree. Fat people may not be chortling all day long, but they're a hell of a lot nicer than the wizened and shriveled. Thin people turn surly, mean, and hard at a young age because they never learn the value of a hot-fudge sundae for easing tension. Thin people don't like gooey soft things because they themselves are neither gooey nor soft. They are crunchy and dull, like carrots. They go straight to the heart of the matter while fat people let things stay all blurry and hazy and vague, the way things actually are. Thin people want to face the truth. Fat people know there is no truth. One of my thin friends is always staring at complex, unsolvable problems and saying, "The key thing is fat people never say that." They know there isn't any such thing as the key thing about anything. 56. According to the author, most thin people are dangerous because A. their personalities are mostly made up of disgusting elements B. most of their personalities carry threatening elements C. their personalities largely endanger the life of other people D. they have uncooperative and unpleasant personalities 57. Which of the following statements can best describe the behavior of most thin people as ascribed by the passage? A. Thin people could never find themselves having enough time for leisure. B. Thin people are seldom unable to find themselves having nothing to do. C. Thin people are never lazy in doing things useful. D. Thin people are fussily annoying and particularly disgusting. 58. According to the passage, the author likes being with those______. A. fat people who are clumsy and slow in movement and gets fed up with those quick and sensitive thin people B. thin people who are always energetic and active and those fat people, too, who are steady in the moves they take C. fat people who are inactive and easily get jaded but hates to be among those thin people who are active and energetic D. thin people who get rid of things quickly but feels sick of those fat people who are all thumbs 59. Which of the following statement can best distinguish between fat and thin people? A. Fat people are sullen and gloomy whereas thin people are cheerful who know no fatigue. B. Fat people are lazy and clumsy whereas thin people are diligent and crafty. C. Fat people are practically reliable whereas thin people are seldom trustworthy. D. Fat people are always feeling jaded whereas thin people never feel tired. 60. When it comes to looking at things, fat people and thin people never come to terms with each other because A. in nature thin people have less sensational inclination than most fat people who are always at the mercy of fat B. in essence thin people are less emotional and touchy than fat people who are too impulsive C. in nature thin people look at things in rose-colored spectacles whereas fat people always take a dim view of the objects D. In essence thin people are too quick on the trigger whereas fat people are slow at picking up subtle things The first and most important agents of socialization are the people who care for infants. In the earliest months, messages from nurturers constitute the child's basic understanding of the world around it. This is the infant's first introduction to the language that shapes perception and elicits emotion. Another powerful source of information and socialization is the friendship of peers. Peers are equals that one can deal with on the same level as oneself, whereas parents are superiors. The heavy emotional overlay of family relationships makes some kinds, of learning difficult. Much formal socialization is placed in the hands of professionals. Teachers from kindergarten on are specifically designated agents of socialization. Ideally, a teacher is one who has both knowledge and the skills to present it. During the course of teaching their subjects, classroom instructors provide role models and attempt to convey the excitement of learning itself. In earlier times, parents, friends and teachers would comprise the list of primary childhood socializers. Children's books, comics and magazines might also have been mentioned as sources of information on norms and role models. Today one must add three powerful indirect or non-personal socialization agents: radio, movies and television. Many people learn about politics, form a vision of well-being, and develop attitudes towards others from what they see on the screen and hear through the speakers. 61. In this passage, agents of socialization refer to ______. A. the media B. individuals C. all channels D. organizations 62. The author's chief agents include the following EXCEPT the ______. A. family B. group C. school D. internet 63. The child's basic understanding of the world around it is formed ______. A. at kindergarten B. in the earliest months C. by classroom instructors D. through interaction with parents 64. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Language shapes an infant's perception. B. Language elicits an infant's emotions. C. Language forms an infant's cultural awareness. D. Language forms an infant's basic understanding. 65. According to this passage, ______ makes some kind of learning difficult. A. long distance B. formality C. much indulgence D. family influence 66. Peers are one of the ______ agents of socialization. A. formal B. indirect C. primary D. personal 67. ______ are the first formal socialization agents. A. Infant nurturers B. Family members C. Group peers D. School teachers 68. Which of the following statements is NOT implied in the passage? A. Teachers are sociable. B. Teachers are role models. C. Teachers are paid agents of socialization. D. Teachers are knowledgeable and skillful. 69. ______ are/is powerful indirect socialization agents. A. Parents B. Friends C. Teachers D. The media 70. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A. Childhood Socializers B. Norms & Role Models C. Sources of Information D. Agents of Socialization Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes. In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual unite. The group contains nearly all of each individual's life. The rewards of the group's work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed: Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued. While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation. In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship. 71. What is the author's main purpose in Paragraph I of the passage? A. To explain how cooperation differs from competition and conflict B. To show the importance of group organization and attitudes C. To offer a brief definition of cooperation D. To urge readers to cooperate more often 72. The underlined word "cherished" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______ A. prized B. based on C. defined D. set up 73. In the primary cooperation ______ A. group and individual don't have to unite B. the group contains nearly all of each person's life C. individuals work for themselves D. people don't value cooperation 74. Which of the following statements about primary cooperation is supported by information in the passage? A. It was limited in prehistoric times. B. It is usually the first stage of cooperation achieved by a group of individuals attempting to cooperate. C. It is an ideal that can never be achieved. D. It is most commonly seen among people who have not yet developed reading and writing skills. 75. According to the passage, why do people join groups that practice secondary cooperation? A. To share the happiness with others. B. To get rewards for themselves. C. To associate with people who have similar backgrounds. D. To defeat a common enemy. 76. Which of the following is an example of the third form of cooperation as it is defined in Paragraph 4? A. Students form a study group so that all of them can improve their grades. B. A new business attempts to take customers away from an established company. C. Two rival political parties temporarily work together to defeat a third party. D. Members of a farming community share work and the food that they grow. 77. Which of the following is NOT given as a name for the third type of cooperation? A. Tertiary cooperation B. Accommodation C. Latent conflict D. Antagonistic cooperation 78. The underlined word "fragile" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______. A. inefficient B. easily broken C. poorly planned D. involuntary 79. As used throughout the passage, the term "common" is closest in meaning to which of the following? A. Ordinary. B. Shared. C. Simple. D. Popular. 80. Which of the following best describes the overall organization of the passage? A. The author describes a concept by analyzing its three forms, B. The author compares and contrasts two types of human relations. C. The author presents the points of view of three experts on the same topic. D. The author provides a number of concrete examples and then draws a conclusion. Losing a job or not being able to find one almost always brings unwelcome changes. If you've lost a job, the first feeling is often one of shock. On top of the loss of income, many people find the whole routine of their life is shattered, their contact with other people reduced, their ambitions halted and their identity as a worker removed. There may be good feelings too -- it' s nice to be able to lie in bed in the morning, to spend more time with children, or to have more time to think -- a better job may be just around the corner. But, unless a better job does turn up, chances are the days start getting longer and the time becomes harder to fill. Many people pass through periods of difficulty in sleeping and eating. They feel irritable and depressed, often isolated and lonely. Despite all these problems, unemployment can be a chance for a fresh start. You can discover that it provides an opportunity to sort out or rethink what you want from life and how best you can get it. You can use the time to plan how to find a new job, learn a new skill, develop your hobbies, see if you can run your own business, do some voluntary work in your community or meet new people. It's up to you. 81. Unemployment almost always brings changes that are ______ A. unpleasant B. unsuitable C. untenable D. unworthy 82. According to the passage, when a person has first lost a job, more often than not, he feels A. excited B. isolated C. shocked D. depressed 83. According to the passage, possible good feelings include the following EXCEPT being able to ______ A. have more time to think B. have a new and better job C. have more time to visit friends D. spend more time with children 84. According to this passage, unemployment may ______ A. cause people to lose touch with reality B. completely destroy people's life patterns C. lessen interaction with people D. reduce people's chances of promotion 85. The unemployed become finally disillusioned when they ______ A. have nothing more to think about B. are unable to improve their position C. get tired of playing with their children D. can no longer lie in bed in the morning 86. According to the passage, continuing unemployment may cause ______ A. absence of humor B. lack of interest C. waste of time D. loss of appetite 87. By "a chance for a fresh start" the author means ______ A. one should learn to seize chances B. one should often change his jobs C. unemployment can be of benefit D. unemployment does not last long 88. Unemployment provides a chance for you to rethink ______ A. what you find and how to keep it B. what you want and how to get it C. how best you can do the new job D. how best you can sort out a new job 89. The sentence "It's up to you" means "You are the person who ______." A. makes the decision B. is responsible C. has the fight D. is confident 90. The author's purpose is to ______ A. give the basic facts of unemployment B. explain the reasons of unemployment C. introduce new jobs to the unemployed D. offer encouragement to the unemployed If you left your book on the table overnight, you would find the following morning that it was still exactly where you had left it, provided nobody had moved it. If a ball is made to roll on a very smooth surface, it will roll a long distance unless something stops it or changes its direction. This tendency of an object to remain at rest unless something moves it and to continue moving unless something stops it is known as the Law of Inertia. The following examples show the truth of this law. (a) Put a table-cloth on a table and arrange a pile of books on it. Hold one edge of the table-cloth and pull it quickly. The table-cloth will come off, leaving the pile of books undisturbed. (b) Place a small piece of cardboard on an open jar and place a coin on it directly over its mouth. Use one finger to flick the piece of cardboard away. You will notice that the coin drops into the jar. (c) Sitting in a car which starts suddenly, you feel you are jerked backwards. In fact, you are not jerked backwards. Your lower half, which is in contact with the cushion, is forced to move forward with the car, and the upper part of your body, which remained at rest, is left behind. 91. A book put on the table overnight would ______ the following morning. A. not be found again B. not be touched again C. stay exactly where it was left D. be provided to someone else 92. A ball with a smooth surface made to roll on a very smooth surface would ______ A. remove its surface B. meet some objects C. roll a long distance D. change its direction 93. In this passage, inertia means ______ A. a situation in which no action is taken B. a situation in which no progress is made C. the feeling of someone not wanting to move or do anything D. the force making an object stay at rest or continue moving 94. The Law of Inertia is a law concerning ______ A. motion B. distance C. position D. direction 95. In the first example, the pile of books on the table-cloth will ______ A. be broken into pieces B. scatter onto the ground C. remain in its position of rest D. be wrapped in the table-cloth 96. In the second example, when the cardboard is flicked away, the coin will ______ A. drop into the jar B. cover the mouth C. stay on the cupboard D. move into your hand 97. Sitting in a car which stops suddenly, you feel that you are ______ A. at rest B. left behind C. jerked forward D. jerked backwards 98. Which of the following is an example of inertia? A. A boat can stay on water. B. A plane can fly in the air. C. You can walk faster on a very smooth surface. D. You can go forward and backward on a swing. 99. This passage, on the whole, is developed by ______ A. time B. space C. process D. example 100. The style of this passage is ______ A. plain B. ornate C. poetic D. prosaic Section 3: Cloze Test (20 points) In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 20 minutes. Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results (1) motivated behavior. Motivation can be either positive or negative (2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, (3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away (4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives (5) needs, wants or desires, (6) negative drives as fears or aversions. (7) , though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically (8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in (9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior. (10) this reason, researchers often refer (11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires. Goals, (12) , can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is (14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to (15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain (16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and (17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin (18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams. (19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal -- attractiveness; in the (20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal -- wrinkled skin. 参考答案 Section 1共计25分 Part 1共20题,每题0.5分,满分为10分 1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A 11.C 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. D 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. C Part 2 21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. D Part 3 36. D 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. D 41. B 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. A 50. D Section 2 51.D 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. B 56. B 57. B 58. C 59. B 60. B 61. C 62. D 63. B 64. C 65. D 66. C 67. D 68. A 69. D 70. D 71. C 72. A 73. B 74. D 75. B 76. C 77. C 78. B 79. B 80. A 81. A 82. C 83. C 84. B 85. B 86. B 87. C 88. B 89. A 90. D 91. C 92. C 93. D 94. A 95. C 96. A 97. C 98. D 99. D 100. A Section 3 1. of 2. in 3. or 4. from 5. as 6. and 7. However 8. in 9. that 10. For 11. to 12. too 13. which 14. one 15. both 16. as 17. therefore/so 18. from 19. In 20. latter 综合解析 Section 1 Part 1 1.D [ 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 ] 词义辨析。 A.matter要紧,有关系(是不及物动词,所以不适合用于此句); B.care介意,操心;但don't care about doing 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示“不想做某事,不介意做某事”(但中间不能省略about); C.object反对,拒绝(强调口头上不喜欢或不赞成,常伴有公开反对的理由,常和介词to搭配); D.mind介意,反对(通常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中);don't mind doing sth.不介意做某事;因此D是答案。 2.B [分析] 习语辨析。 B.above all首先,首要(一般是指几种并列成分中最重要的或最受关注的); C.over all遍及; D.first of all首先(一般放在要依次罗列的事情的开头),所以B是答案。 3.D [分析] 词义辨析。 A.disorderly混乱地,无秩序地;B,time-consuming花费大量时间的;C.fruitless不结果实的, D.unexciting不令人兴奋的;“充满压力的生活”当然应是“难以令人兴奋及无趣的”了,所以答案为D。 4.C [分析] 固定搭配。 high在此是名词,表“高水平,高额数字,高潮”,在本句中与low构成对比:成功之处与败笔。5.A [分析] 词义辨析。 land使登陆,使上岸,使处于;获得,捕获(常用于口语)如:He landed a contract for building a factory.他得到了一个承建工厂的 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 。lend借出,贷款,增添;render使……成为,报答;bring拿来,取来,带来,因此答案为A。 6.A [分析] 近义辨析。 几个词均有受伤,伤害之意。injure着重指容貌、机能等的损坏,一般指在事故中受伤或指身体内部受伤;damage毁坏,指对某物的损害,造成在价值、效用、外观等方面的损失;wound指用外界暴力引起的身体“创伤”,特指在战争中或其它灾害中受伤,一般指外伤;suffer表示受痛苦,患病时常用suffer from。因此A为答案。 7.D [分析] 近义辨析。 A.although(连词)尽管,虽然(通常用在从句前)=in spite of the fact that; B.even if (连词)即使,尽管(even if的从句中含有强烈的假定性); C.instead of(介词)代替……,而不; D.despite(介词)尽管=in spite of (后面跟名词或名词性短语);因此D为答案。 8.A [分析] 固定搭配。 stand a(good/fair)chance of doing sth.或stand a(good/fair)chance to do sth.大有希望,有相当把握;take a chance或take chances冒险一试,碰运气,投机;因此选项A为答案。 9.B [分析] 固定搭配。 accuse sb.of sth.指控,控告,职责,因此B为答案。 10.A[分析] 固定搭配。 (钟表等的)指针一般用hand,如:the hour hand时针;the minute hand分针;the second hand秒针;因此选项A为答案。 11.C [分析] 词义辨析。 表示比率、数量时用in,如:Not one in ten of the boys could spell well.这些男孩中拼写正确的不到十分之一。of表示数量和种类,如:The lorry can hold three tons of coal.这辆卡车可以装3吨煤。over表示数目、程度“在……以上;超过”,如:over 30 books指30多本书。from(表示起点)从;从……起,如: Shoes range from twenty yuan a pair.皮鞋售价每双20元起。因此选项C为答案。 12.B[分析] 词义辨析。 help和aid都表“帮助,援助”之意,help指积极帮助别人出主意,或给予精神、物质上的帮助,强调受助者得到帮助或好处;但作表语时,一般用helpful;aid提供物质,尤其是金钱上的帮助或援助:tip 提示,技巧,点子,消息,如:He gave some good tips on gardening.他在园艺方面提出了一些好点子。clue 线索;因此选项B为答案。 13.C[分析] 习语辨析。 take up拿起,开始从事,吸收;take out拿出,出发,取得,take in接受,吸收,理解,take on披上,呈现,承担,接纳,因此选项C为答案。 14.B[分析] 词义辨析。 force强制,强加,推动,施加压力:cause引起,惹起,促成;make制定,作出,赚钱,获得:provide 供应,准备,预防,规定;因此选项B为答案。 15.D[分析] 习语辨析。 trip up绊倒,fall down倒下,跪拜,break up打碎,分裂,结束,knock over打翻,弄倒,因此选项D 为答案。 16,D[分析] 近义辨析。 doubt不相信,怀疑,不信任(指在意见或信念上不肯定、未决定或缺乏确信,多用作及物动词。在否定句和疑问句中可用that引出从句,在肯定句中用whether或if引出从句):believe相信(某人所说的话或某事是真的),其后可连用名词、代词、从句作宾语,还可连用不定式结构:guess猜测,推测(着重在没有根据和事实之前,纯粹凭个人想法猜测,有瞎猜的意味,多用作及物动词,其后用名词、代词、从句、复 合宾语等);suspect怀疑,猜想(怀疑某事是否存在/某人有错/某事物的真实性或可靠程度,但对所疑心的事情往往又缺乏或没有证据;其后除用名词、代词外,还用不定式复合结构、从句,有时可用of短语作复合结构);因此选项D为答案。 17.D[分析] 习语辨析。 in the hope of/in the hope that盼望(通常没有实现的可能性);with a view to/of以……为目标,指望于:因此D为答案。 18.A[分析] 词义辨析。 A.stem滋生,阻止,起源,发生: B.flourish茂盛,繁荣,处于活跃/旺盛时期: C.root生根,固定,根源在于(in), D.sprout萌芽,所以答案为A。 19.C[分析] 近义辨析。 although虽然(多用于正式文体,语气较强,只用于表示事实的让步状语从句中,叙述的是已成立的事实):however然而(较正式,虽与but意思相同,但比but弱,且把相反的概念放到极为次要的地位,因此常常用来做插入语,还可较婉转地引出最后决定或结论):because是从属连词,多表示所叙述的理由是本句的重点,引导原因状语从句,on account of因为,由于(引导名词形短语,不能引导从句),所以C为答案。 20.C[分析] 形近识别。 unexpected想不到的,意外的,突然的(形容词),unacquainted不熟悉的,不知道的(形容词):be unaware of不了解,不明白,没注意;(unaware用作表语形容词),如:be unaware of the truth不明真相,unknowing 不知道的,没察觉的(of):因此C为答案。 Part 2 21.D[分析] 形容词辨析。 unknown不知道的,未知的;extraordinary非常的,特别的;mysterious神秘的:disgraceful可耻的,有损名誉的;infamous声名狼藉的;所以D为答案。 22.C[分析] 习语辨析。 come up with想出,提出,提供;raise the price of抬高……的价格:discover (首次)发现,发觉,找到;因此C为答案。 23.A[分析] 副词辨析。 (as) a matter of course(当作)理所当然的事,必然的结果;automatically自动地,机械地,不假思索地,必然发生的,obviously明显地,显而易见地;traditionally传统上,传说上:resignedly听从地,服从地;因此答案为A。 24.B[分析] 动词辨析。 trace追踪,查找,追溯,探索,limit限制,限定:connect联结,把……联系起来,由……联想到, convert使转变;转换,draw汲取,领取,引起:所以答案为B。 25.B[分析] 名词辨析。 hazard冒险,危险(的事):chance机会,可能性,运气:danger危险(物),威胁,condition条件,情形,环境;occurrence发生,出现,事件:所以B是答案。 26.A[分析] 词语辨析。 for既可作介词,又可作连词:此句中的for作连词,表示“尽管,虽然”。in spite of不管,不顾:on behalf of代表,because of因为;without(表示条件)如果没有,所以答案为A。注意:for作介词时,有表理由、原因的“因……的理由”之意。 27.D[分析] 动词辨析。 entail(必然的)伴同……,需要,使人承担(费用等);如:The project would entail a huge increase in defense spending.这项规划需要大大增加国防费用。enhance提高,增强:develop发展,发达,开发,培养,create 创作,创造,引起;involve牵涉,包含,需要,如:Winning the game involves both skill and fortune.想赢得这场比赛,既要技巧也要运气。因此D为答案。 28.A[分析] 形容词辨析。 avid贪婪的,渴望的,如:The little girl is avid for praise.这个小姑娘渴望受到夸奖。eager热心于,渴望着,如:eager for/after knowledge渴求知识:appreciative欣赏的,有欣赏力的,表示感激的,承认有价值的;vigorous精力旺盛的,有力的,健壮的,因此选项A为答案。 29.C[分析] 名词辨析。 turmoil骚动;混乱,constant change不断的变化,bad weather恶劣的天气;utter confusion十足的混乱,fuel shortages燃料短缺:因此选项C为答案。 30.A[分析] 副词辨析。 as a general rule=in general一般说来,大体上,通常:normally正常地,通常地;on occasions偶尔,有时,间或:invariably不变地,sometimes不是,有时;因此选项A为答案。 31.C[分析] 词语辨析。 couple with加上,外加,derive from得自,由来,衍生;combine with结合,联合,合并,化合;因此选项C为答案。 32.A[分析] 名词辨析。 emblem象征,徽章,符号,symbol符号,记号,象征,result结果,成效,suggestion提议,意见,暗示,spoil战利品,掠夺物,因此选项A为答案。 33.B[分析] 动词辨析。 spur鞭策,刺激,tax对……征税,使负重担,stimulate刺激,激励,censure责难;rebuke斥责,非难,因此选项B为答案。 34.A[分析] 名词辨析。 marvel奇迹;wonder奇迹,惊奇;dispute争论,辩论,争吵;frustration挫败,挫折,受挫,model 样式,模范,典型,因此选项A为答案。 35.D[分析] 动词辨析。 couch表达,隐含,措词;如:Poets couch their feeling in beautiful language,诗人用美丽的语言表达他们的感受。fuse熔合,使结合;preface为……写序言,作为……的开端:standardize使符合 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 ,使标准化,express表达,表示;如:She expressed her appreciation for their gracious hospitality.她对他们的殷勤款待表示感谢。 Part 3 36.D[分析] 连词应用。 根据句意,划线部分应填一个引导让步状语从句的连词,而if如果(引导条件从句),每当……时(表因果关系),即使(if当此意讲时,常用even if);如:If I am wrong,you are wrong too.即使我错了,你也对不了。in cases在……的情况下,万一…,的话,如:In case any thing important happens,please call me up.万一发生什么重要事情,请打电话给我。even if 即使,纵使(even if的从句中含有强烈的假定性);如:Even if he is poor,she loves him.即使他很穷,她还是爱他。所以应用选项D。 37.B[分析] 习语搭配。 本句意为:他说,你必须承担起这些 责任 安全质量包保责任状安全管理目标责任状8安全事故责任追究制幼儿园安全责任状占有损害赔偿请求权 。take away拿走,减去;take on承担,从事,具有;take out 拿出,取出,除去;take off起飞,脱下,匆匆离去,取消;因此选项B是答案。 38.D[分析] 副词应用。 根据本句内容,划线部分应填部分是分词作宾语补足语;因此处宾补与宾语(a strange man)之间是主动关系,所以应填现在分词,选项D是答案。 39.B[分析] 结构应用。 本句考察的是非谓语动词的使用,句意为:我后悔上学时没奸好学英语。“regret + 动名词”表示“对过去做过事情的后悔”;“regret + 不定式”表示“对尚未做或正在做的事情的后悔”;选项C、D都不对;另外在此,动名词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,应用动名词的完成式,所以只有选项B 正确。 40.D[分析] 结构应用。 当有两个以上的助动词时,not跟在第一个助动词之后。介词短语without the music可代替虚拟条件从 句;本句表达的是与过去事实相反的假设,后面的主句谓语应用would + have + 过去分词;因此选项D是答案。 41.B[分析] 结构应用。 根据本句的结构,划线部分应是充当方式状语;而有此功能的选项只有介词短语to each other。其余三个选项ourselves,each of us,和both在此均为代词。 42.B[分析] 结构应用。 本句考察的是虚拟语气的用法:本句前面部分是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句,后面的主句谓语应用should/would/could/might+have+过去分词;因此选项B为答案。 43.B[分析] 习惯搭配。 can not…too…是固定搭配,表示“再……也不为过,越……越好”;答案为B。 44.A [分析] 习惯搭配。 set off出发,燃放,使……开动,使(某人)开始做某事;如:Whatever you say will set her off crying.不管你说什么都会使她哭泣。set on攻击,教唆;因此选项A为答案。 45.D[分析] 结构应用。 本句考察的是反意疑问句的用法:陈述句谓语用肯定形式,疑问句谓语要用否定形式,因此选项B、C均不对;陈述句强调的谓语动词是ended,所以反意疑问句应为didn't it,选项D是答案。 46.B[分析] 习惯搭配。 本句能与than搭配使用的选项只有A和B;而no more…than意为“不过,仅仅,同……一样不”与题意不符;只有选项B.no sooner…than (一……就)是正确答案。 47.D[分析] 结构应用。 由and连接的这句话前半句是否定结构,后半句也要用否定结构;其形式有两种:neither do they(用neither句子要倒装)和they don't either.因此选项D为答案。 48.A[分析] 结构应用。 现在分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语一致。句中只能是they在discuss,分词逻辑主语是they,句子主语也应是they;所以选项C、D均不对;而前半句用的是现在分词的完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,所以选项A是答案。 49.A[分析] 时态应用。 本句中when引导的时间状语从句中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生,此时主句应用进行时;时间状语中用的是一般过去时,主句应用过去进行时:所以选项A是答案。 50.D[分析] 习惯搭配。 此句用的是it was not until…that.这一固定搭配,如:It was not until he told me that I knew it. 直到他告诉我,我才知道。 Section 2 51.D[分析] 细节题型。 文章第一段第一、二句叙述了(美国)得克萨斯州人的性格;随后第三句中When they hear this sort of criticism they usually ascribe(把……归因于)it to the ignorance and jealousy of stuffy Yankees who...及第四句For such avowedly robust people they are surprisingly sensitive.谈及得州人对于批评是敏感、易怒的,他们将对他们的批评之词认作是北佬的无知和妒嫉,……;因此选项D.“他们对人们给予他们的歧视十分敏感,公开且粗鲁地表示愤怒(openly and crudely thin-skinned about)”是答案。 52.B[分析] 态度题型。 文章第一段第一、二句叙述了(美国)得克萨斯州人的性格,从作者所用之词:bursting pride and love attention,shortsighted greed and a busted disposition to violence可看出他描绘得州人的天性是自尊与凶暴的混合,因此选项B是答案。 53.D[分析] 推断题型。 从第二段第一句和倒数一、二句可看出得州人很为自己所拥有的特殊品性而自豪,但大部分的得州人并不是土生土长的:可他们将“得州身份”或“得州主义”看成是存在于许多美国人品质中的一种态度, 不论他们的出生地在那儿,只要来到得州,他们就像真正的得州人一样在这儿开花结果。他们认为自己没生在得州是不幸的,但能生就成为一个得州人。因此选项A、B、C都与“得州人并不都是土生土长主人”有抵触,只有D.“得州人天性纯朴,行为粗鲁,个性自以为是”是答案。 54.C[分析] 细节题型。 从第三段中看出选项A、D完全不对;而选项B说“阿拉斯加人将打猎,钓鱼、学习如何剥野兽的皮作为主要的活动”也与原文不符,只有选项C。“阿拉斯加人与众不同的独特生活方式表现在他们既享受呆在户内的乐趣(见第三段第一句与第三句前半句)又喜欢在荒野上探险与行事(见第三段第二句与第三句后半句)”正确。 55.B[分析] 推断题型。 从第三段第三句后半句看到一些阿拉斯加入taking pleasure in great silence and unpeopled immensity(以生活在荒无人烟的寂静原野之中为乐事)和倒数第四句提到最流行的两本书是建造小木屋的手册和有关灰熊的传奇故事集。因此推论出阿拉斯加人爱读有关生活在广袤原野及野生动物的书,选项B正确。 56.B[分析] 细节题型。 见文章第一段第四句:Thin people come in all personalities,most of them menacing(威胁的,险恶的)和最后一句:All of them are dangerous.由此得出:瘦人的个性本身带有威胁性的因素。 57.B[分析] 细节题型。 见第二段第二,三句及倒数第三句:They don't know how to goof off(吊儿郎当地工作)…They've always got to be adoing(忙乱).They say things like“there aren't enough hours in the day”.这些句子都说明:瘦人很少有没事儿干的时候,另外本段中的两个例子也给出了进一步说明。 58.C[分析] 细节题型。 见第三段最后一句:I like to surround myself with sluggish(行动迟缓的),inert (惰性的),easygoing fat people…及第二段最后两句,因此选项C.“作者喜欢与怠惰且易感疲惫不堪的胖人在一起,而讨厌与活跃且精力充沛的瘦人在一起”是答案。 59.B[分析] 推断题型。 阅读全文发现,选项A.“胖人是闷闷不乐与阴郁的而瘦人却是愉快和不知疲倦的。”与选项C.“胖人实际上相当可靠而瘦人几乎无法信任。”与文章不符;而选项D.“胖人总是感到疲惫不堪而瘦人从不感到疲倦。”过于绝对,也不正确;只有选项B.“胖人懒散、笨拙而瘦人勤勉、灵巧。”是答案。可从文章的第二、三、四段得到线索。 60.B[分析] 推断题型。 见文章最后一段分别用来形容胖人和瘦人的词语:胖人:neurotic(神经质的),sick(病怏怏的),sad;而瘦人:surly(阴沉的),mean,and hard(小气的,难对付的),neither gooey(感伤的)nor soft;crunchy(利索) and dull (无趣的),因此可推断出瘦人基本上不像胖人那样情绪化,他们比易冲动的胖人难对付;因此选项B是答案。 61.C[分析] 细节题型。 从文章第一和第二两句可知the people,nurturer是孩子了解社会的渠道:而最后一段中的parents, friends,teachers,children's books,comics,magazines,radio,movies and television也是;因此,选项C 是正确答案。 62.D[分析] 细节题型。 见上题分析。 63.B[分析] 细节题型。 见第一段第二句:In the earliest months,messages from nurturers constitute the child's basic understanding of the world around it. 64.C[分析] 是非题型。 见第一段第二句(原文见上题)和第三句:This is the infant's first introduction to the language that shapes perception and elicits emotion.只有选项C未被包括,所以是答案。 65.D[分析] 细节题型。 第二段最后一句(The heavy emotional overlay of family relationships makes some kinds of learning difficult.)即为本题中所指的family influence,所以选项D是答案。 66.C[分析] 细节题型。 见第四段第一句:In earlier times,parents,friends and teachers would comprise the list of primary childhood socializers.其中的friends即本题中所指的peers;所以选项C为答案。 67.D[分析] 细节题型。 见第三段的第一和第二句:Much formal socialization is placed in the hands of professionals.Teachers from kindergarten on are specifically designated agents of socialization.其中的professionals和后面的teachers from kindergarten on指的即是从幼儿园开始的教师教育;因此选项D是答案。 68.A[分析] 推断题型。 见第三段第二、三、四句:Teachers from kindergarten on are specifically designated agents of socialization. Ideally,a teacher is one who has both knowledge and the skills.to present it. During the course of teaching their subjects,classroom instructors provide role models and attempt to convey the excitement of learning itself.其中划线部分与选项C相符:specifically designated…(特别地选派出的……)可推论出既是委派,则应带薪的。可排除B和D,因此答案为A。 69.D[分析] 细节题型。 见第四段倒数第二句:Today one must add three powerful indirect or non-personal socialization agents: radio,movies and television.其中广播,电影和电视均属媒体范围,因此选项D为答案。 70.D[分析] 主旨题型。 通读全文发现本文从开头到结尾一一列举了一些重要的agents of socialization/source of information and socialization,因此选项D为答案。 71.C[分析] 主旨题型。 第一段第一句解释了什么是“cooperation”,随后又做了类比;因此选项C.“提供了‘合作’的一个简明解释”是答案。 72.A[分析] 推断题型。 reach a jointly cherished goal应与or 前perform a task同义或近义;后者表示“完成一项任务”,所以前者表示“达到一个共同_______的目标”,空白处所填内容与选项B、C不符;而选项D,“设立,提出”是动词词组,因此只有选项A“珍惜的,追求的”是答案。 73.B[分析] 细节题型。 见第二段第一句及第二句:In the first form,known as primary cooperation,group and individual unite.The group contains nearly all of each individual's life. 74.D[分析] 词义题型。 见第三段第一句:While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies,secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies.其中preliterate(adj.文字出现以前的,尚未使用文字的)可根据构词法猜测出词义(pre-表示“前,在前”,而literate表示“有文化的,有阅读和写作能力的”)所以选项D为答案。 75.B[分析] 推断题型。 见第三段倒数第二句:Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary,prestige,or power.加入第二级合作的小组成员完成任务的目的是他们均能分别享受到合作的成果;而这种成果是以薪水、威望和权利的形式体现的。由此可推断出选项B是正确答案。 76.C[分析] 细节题型。 见第四段第一句和第三句:In the third type,called tertiary cooperation or accommodation,latent conflict underlies the shared work...Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals;it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals.第一句谈到:在第三级合作或迁就融合性合作中,在共同参与的工作背后存在着潜在的冲突。而第三句谈到:迁就融合性合作包括采用一致 的手段去达到敌对的目的;而当一致的手段无法使得各方达到自己日的时,这种合作就破裂了。内容与选项C.“两个竞争的党派会为了击败第三个党而暂时合作”相符,所以C正确。 77.C[分析] 是非题型。 见第四段第一句及最后一句:In the third type,called tertiary cooperation or accommodation,latent conflict underlies the shared work...and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.因此选项C为答案。 78.B[分析] 词义题型。 见最后一段第二句中的opportunistic(机会主义的),第三句的后半句…“breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals.(由此可推断出:easily broken);此外,此词应是loose的近义词;由此得出此词应有“脆弱,松散”之意,因此选项B是答案。 79.B[分析] 词义题型。 见第一段第一句及第四段第三句可得出common应表“共同的,分享的”,因此选项B为答案。 80.A[分析] 主旨题型。 阅读全文发现,第一段第一句解释了什么是cooperation,随后又做了类比;后面三段则分别描述了cooperation的三个级别;因此选项A为答案。 81.A[分析] 细节题型。 见第一段第一句:Losing a job or not being able to find one almost always brings unwelcome、changes,其中unwelcome的同义词是选项A(unpleasant)。因此A是答案。 82.C[分析] 细节题型。 第一段第二句(If you've lost a job,the first feeling is often one of shock.)与选项C.相符,所以答案为C。(注意:题干中的词组more often than not…意为“往往,多半”) 83.C[分析] 细节题型。 见第二段第一句:There may be good feelings too-it's nice to be able to lie in bed in the morning,to spend more time with children.or to have more time to think——a better job may be just around the corner.因此选项C为答案。 84.B[分析] 细节题型。 第一段最后一句(On top of the loss of income,many people find the whole routine of their life is shattered, their contact with other people reduced.their ambitions halted and their identity as a worker removed.)及第二段最后一句(They feel irritable and depressed,often isolated and lonely.)与选项A、C、D一致;因此选项B 为答案。 85.B[分析] 推断题型。 参见上题答案。如果他们没找到较好的工作(即他们目前的处境没得到改善的话),则:They feel irritable and depressed,often isolated and lonely.与选项B相符。 86.B[分析] 细节题型。 见第二段第二句及第三句:But,unless a better job does turn up,chances are the days start getting longer and the time becomes harder to fill.Many people pass through periods of difficulty in sleeping and eating.因此选项B为答案。 87.C[分析] 词义题型。 第三段的第二句和第三句是对前面第一句的举例,因此选项C为答案。 88.B[分析] 细节题型。 见第三段的第二句。 89.A[分析] 词义题型。 此句之前文章提到人们能做或可做之事;但究竟做什么还要“取决于你自己”。所以选项A为答案。 90.D[分析] 主旨题型。 本文先列举了失去工作可能带来的问题,提了些建议,使他们不再度日如年而是整理思路、认真思索、充电,做有意义的事,这一切无非是为了鼓励他们。因此选项D为答案。 91.C[分析] 细节题型。 见第一段第一句:If you left your book on the table overnight,you would find the following morning that it was still exactly where you had left it,provided nobody had moved it. 92.C[分析] 细节题型。 见第一段第二句:If a ball is made to roll on a very smooth surface,it will roll a long distance unless something stops it or changes its direction. 93.D[分析] 细节题型。 见第一段最后一句:This tendency of an object to remain at rest unless something moves it and to continue moving unless something stops it is known as the Law of Inertia. 94.A[分析] 推断题型。 见上题答案,本句话中的几个动词均表动作。因此选项A为答案。 95.C[分析] 细节题型。 见第二段(a)中的最后一句:The table-cloth will come off leaving the pile of books undisturbed(未受干扰的).因此选项C为答案。 96.A[分析] 细节题型。 见第二段(b)中的最后一句:You will notice that the coin drops into the jar. 97.C[分析] 细节题型。 见第二段(c)中的第一句:Sitting in a car which starts suddenly,you feel you are jerked backwards.本题题干是stop suddenly,不是start suddenly,根据常识,车内的人应向前冲。 98.D[分析] 推断题型。 见第一段中的最后一句,因此选项D为答案。 99.D[分析] 推断题型。 文章第一段解释的是惯性;后面几段是借助A、B、C三个例子来说明;因此选项D为答案。 100.A[分析] 推断题型。 纵览全文,这是一篇说明文,文字朴实无华。因此选项A.plain(清楚明白,简单的)是答案,而B.ornate 词藻华美的;C.poetic富有诗意的;D.prosaic平凡的,乏味的,如实的。 Section 3 1.of [分析] 词语搭配。 所填之词前后均为名词词组,是所属关系,因此应填表示所有、所属关系的介词“of”。 2.in[分析] 词语搭配。 在此指动机有正面、负面之分;与direction搭配的介词是in。 3.or[分析] 结构搭配。 所填之词前面有个逗号,且前后是两个结构完全相同、意义相反(toward-away)的短语;所以应用表示对前后两短语进行选择的连词or。 4.from[分析] 词语搭配。 所填之词在副词away之后,表示“远离,与……相隔一段距离”,因此应用介词from(表示隔离、距离)与away连用,构成副词短语away from。 5.as[分析] 习惯塔配。 refer A to B意为:将A称为B,因此,此处应填as。 6.and[分析] 结构搭配。 此处所填之词应将后半句与逗号前半句连接起来,且是并列关系,结构同上句的refer to,因此应填并列连词and。 7.However[分析] 结构搭配。 从上下文看,所填之词后面有个逗号,之后的内容与前面的内容意思有了转折,因此应填一个表示转折的连词however(用法较正式)。 8.in[分析] 习惯塔配。 in terms of以……的措辞,用……的说法;如:He referred to your work in terms of high praise.他对你的工作大加赞扬。 9.that[分析] 习惯塔配。 in that因为;如:The data is important in that it is collected by several experts for years.此资料很重要,因为这是几位专家多年来收集起来的。 10.For[分析] 习惯塔配。 此处需填一个表示理由和原因的介词;而介词for与this reason可构成固定搭配:for this reason由于这个原因;如:For this reason,I'd like to meet him.因为这个原因,我要去见他一面。 11.to[分析] 习惯塔配。 见第五题的分析。 12.too[分析] 结构搭配。 此处所填之词前后都有逗号,又是另起的一段:根据上下文关系得知:此处的goal与上段的motivation 都是本文要加以解释的内容,因此要填副词too(通常都置于句尾,但为避免意思的模糊不清,有时置于被修饰词的后面),also不能前后者都加逗号,且不如too用得多。 13.which[分析] 结构搭配。 本句中的one后面是个定语从句,而所填之词前是介词toward,因此需要关系代词与toward构成介词短语引出定语从句,这个关系代词应为which。 14.one[分析] 语境搭配。 此句与上句句式结构完全一样,所填之词后面是介词from与关系代词which构成的介词短语引出的定语从句,所填之词应是被修饰的名词/代词,根据上句,此处应填one。 15.both[分析] 语境搭配。 此句话意为“由于接近目标和回避目标这两者都能被认作是某种动机的目的,大多数研究人员就把这……类型简单地称之为目的”,所填之词修饰types(复数),且即指前面所提的both,因此此处也应填both。 16.as[分析] 结构搭配。 此句为同级比较结构:as+形容词/副词(原级)+as;因此此处应填as。 17.therefore/so[分析] 结构搭配。 语境搭配。此处所填之词应与前面的and连接,引导结果状语,因此应填therefore/so。如:He worked day and night, and therefore he was able to buy the sports car.他日夜工作,所以有能力买那部跑车。 18.from[分析] 词语搭配。 prevent + 名词+ from doing表:妨碍/防止……做……;如:Their prompt actions prevented the fire from spreading。他们敏捷的行动阻止了火势蔓延。因此此处应填from。 19.In[分析] 词语搭配。 此句为表示对比的并列复合句,是将前一种情形与后一种情形进行比较:“在前一种情形下”应为:in the former case;而“在后一种情形下”应为:in the latter case。 20.latter[分析] 词语搭配。 见上句答案。