申论满分作文欣赏

申论满分作文欣赏 申论满分作文欣赏:以自主创新谋求全面发展 纵观古今～秦国因极力推行“商鞅变法”而使国力昌盛～以致最终实现一统天下之伟业。而清政府闭关自守、摒弃改革创新～终致丧国辱权、泱害国民。故此～创新是发展的推动器～惟有加快自主创新才能谋求全面发展。“创新是民族的灵魂～是国家兴旺发达的不竭动力。”江主席曾高屋建瓴强调。而至今日～我国虽步入经济快速增长的上升期～但却凸现出许多有关创新水平低下以致阻碍发展的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 。据报道, 双边贸易规模最大的30种商品中～中方具有比较优势的很少～多数是日本具有优势的资金、技术密集型产业。 创新水平偏低是我国目前亟待正视的问题。究其原因～关键在于创新观念落后、创新能力不高、所需人才匮乏、体制不健全、科技水平较低等决定性因素阻碍发展。观念是创新的源泉～落后的思想只会阻碍发展～又谈何发展,所需人才匮乏～创新主体力量薄弱～只能是捉襟见肘～想促进社会快速发展谈何容易,创新能力低下、体制不够完善、科技水平跟不上发展的步伐～又如何促进发展呢,社会终究是向前发展的～落后就等于挨打。那么该如何才能提高自主创新水平～使我国步入更快发展的轨道呢, 首先～务必提高创新观念～在思想上有新突破。观念乃创新之本～失去创新的观念～如无本之木～无源之水。政府要重视创新者的个性想法,鼓励创新者积极探索～帮助扶持创新事业的发展。破除旧的传统的观念～树立与时俱进的、科学的发展观念。加大社会宣传力度～营造一个“创新光荣”的社会氛围。 其次～务必创新先进技术～在生产力上有新突破。邓小平同志曾高瞻远瞩提出:科学技术是第一生产力。政府应成立专门研究技术开发的部门～组织专门人员进行创新工作。并鼓励企业进行自主创新～发明创造新技术～开创新领域～提高自身的核心竞争力。 再次～务必建立健全体制机制～在保障创新力度上有新突破。创新需要有环境～需要有健全的体制做坚强后盾。及时出台有利创新的优惠政策,如减免税收、拨款资助等倾斜性政策。坚持走政企分离的道路～鼓励企业建立现代企业制度。建立健全法制法规～保障和维护创新成果。依法惩处侵犯个人、法人创新产权行为～行为严重者～追究其法律责任。 务必推行人才强国战略～在人才使用上有新突破。坚持以人为本～重视人才的培养、任用。企业要搭建充分展示自我能力的平台～鼓励人才自由创新。高校要加强人才的创新能力培育～鼓励学生进行自主创新～提高创新能力。同时企业与高校应加大相互交流的层面、层次、广度、深度～创新出更多科技文化成果。 长城非一日之功～创新非片刻使然。”政府要从打造“服务型政府“为出发点～导航创新方向～维护创新环境～为社会培育出更多的创新人才～为实现社会各项事业全面发展而不懈奋斗: 2007申论热点:国家能源问题 2007申论热点:国家能源问题 商品经济时代～人们的日常生活以经济方式来表达显然是不可逆转的趋势。体育比赛作为现代人类不可或缺的重要活动～已经不再是单纯的人与人之间力量与智慧的较量～而掺入了相当多的经济元素,比赛越庞大～含“经”量也越高。现代奥运会正是建立在经济基础之上的体育界顶级赛事。不仅如此～随着经济全球化的日益扩展以及和平与发展的世界主流思想深入人心～奥运会作为各国人民进行文化交流、经济互动的平台之一～越来越朝产业化的方向发展。,,,,年的北京奥运会对于中国、对于北京来说～不仅是主办者荣誉的问题～而且也是经济社会腾飞和发展一大契机～所以如何在机遇和挑战面前从容自若～抓住机遇、应对挑战～直接关系到我国未来几十年内的发展速度和走向。 从奥运会的整个过程来看～它对于中国的影响是有阶段性的～各个阶段总体来说也均是良性的。首先是近期影响:奥运会的筹备工作远在申奥成功之前就早已开始～它将一直持续到奥运会正式开始前不久。在此阶段～国家和北京市都进行了大规模的资金投入和运营。从比赛场馆等专用项目的建设到北京市交通状况、卫生状况等奥运环境的改变～从比赛用具的采购到后勤保障体系的建立等等无不需要大量的国库开支。也就是说～这是奥运投入阶段～它虽然是国民税收、外汇收入等的耗费～到对于拉动市场需求～搞活市场经济～促进市场繁荣有显著作用。许多民营、国有企业共同参与其中～无论大小～在市场竞争机制的调节下～均会努力改善产品质量、服务水平～这使得国有企业的改制和发展将更加顺利、民营企业也将在优胜劣汰中不断壮大～从而使民族产业更加具有竞争实力。交通环境、卫生状况、人文环境等软设施的改善～也将为市场经济的良性发展奠定基础,其次是中期影响:该阶段是奥运投资的实际使用阶段～也是初步收入和显性收入阶段。该阶段因为外宾云集中国、北京～所以餐饮业、住宿业、旅游业、运输业、娱乐业等与外国游客特点相关的行业将显著增加收入～这将为中国的下一步发展储蓄部分资金、积攒后发动力。此阶段是奥运经济的核心阶段,最后是长期影响阶段:这是二次收入和隐性收入阶段。通过奥运会的举办～中国、北京的国际形象将被广泛宣扬～中国的国际地位将再次提高～越来越多的外国人民将认识中国、了解中国～这意味着中国在未来的国际贸易中将拥有更多的机会～过程也将更加顺利。同时～更多慕名而来外国游客将再次带给旅游业、娱乐业等相关行业持续、高效的收入。此外～对于国内而言～奥运设施、用具的再利用～一方面减少了资源浪费～另方面也将增加超越其本身价值的更多收入。而因奥运带来的体育热潮也势必将加大体育产业的开发和利用～从而创造更多的财富。 奥运会对于各种经济相关因素的影响是多方面的～经济结构的调整,例如为了迎接奥运～北京市加大调整三大结构的力度,、经济利益的增加,例如仅仅一个奥运吉祥物“五福娃”就带给国家和商家不少收入,、科学技 术的开发,例如因为赛事所需而开发研制了各种新型技术,、就业环境的改善,例如大量剩余劳动力参与到奥运会的举办工作当中～大大减轻了就业压力,、商业形象的塑造,例如“中国品牌”因这次体育盛会而远播海外,、人文素质的改变,例如商业道德、经营理念出于国际影响的考虑～将有质的飞跃,等等都是奥运经济的必然产物～而我国所提出的“绿色奥运”又以环保为基本理念～在全国范围内树立节约资源、保护环境的新型标准～这实际上为未来各种产业、行业的发展指明了前进方向～可持续发展、不能牺牲环境来发展经济等先进思想将日益成为国内企业发展的潜在律条。 面对奥运经济的蓬勃发展势头～各级政府及其相关部门必须保持冷静的头脑、平和的心态～致力于建立和完善相关措施～加大引导、监督、保障力度～防止出现经济过热、“泡沫经济”等不良经济态势～同时必须将法律制度与经济活动紧密结合～严厉打击经济领域及相关领域的各种违法犯罪活动～保障国民经济健康、稳定发展。总之～奥运会的举办是收益与风险并存～关键在于如何增加前者、化解后者～这是每个公民和政府部门应该考虑的主要问题。 2007申论热点:加快“针对医院”改革 2007申论热点:加快“针对医院”改革 一支名叫环丙沙星的眼药水～从药厂走到患者的手中～其身价就提高了将近4倍～这种摇身一变听起来有点不可思议～可它又千真万确地发生在我们的生活当中。 俗话说“有啥别有病”～可是人吃五谷杂粮～没有人敢说自己绝对不会生病～看病吃药是老百姓最基本的需求～这就形成了一个很大的医疗市场。在这个庞大而稳定的市场中～医院是最关键的环节～它联系着药品生产者和患者～它决定了患者吃什么药、吃多少药～从而也就决定了某类药品的旺销或滞销。一些既缺乏职业道德约束又无视相关法规的医务人员就利用这种市场决定权～从中牟利～如一些医院变相提高药价、收受药厂回扣、大夫开药方提取“好处费”等～这些行为从根本上说增加了老百姓的医疗负担～它不仅仅是不道德的～也是违法的～其中隐藏着腐败。在以往的报道中～我们不难找到这类医疗腐败的劣迹。 要遏制医疗腐败～首先必须强调“透明度”。从医院方面看～必须有一个定期向行政机构汇报药品进货与销售情况的制度～以接受监督～从而杜绝黑箱操作。从医生方面看～医生有义务向患者解释药品的功效和价格～让患者有知情权和药品选择权。另一方面医疗体系中存在法制真实的局面要有所改变～对一些药厂的行贿和医院的受贿绳之以法～以刚性的法律打击弹性的医疗腐败已经变得刻不容缓了。 这些年来～我国的医疗制度改革取得了很大的进展～“背靠大树好乘凉”的公费医疗已经渐渐被基本医疗保险、大病统筹等制度所取代。然而～也应该看到～目前的很多改革都是“针对患者”这一面的～“针对医院”的改革不但力度不够～方法也不够有效。现在～一些地区已经发现了这一问题～并试图改变这种局面～如北京市前不久出台了“基本医疗服务工程”～实施分层医疗制度。强化社区医疗服务～从而让患者享有从医院、门诊医生到药品使用的选择权。 申论热点:“三下乡”成功实践的启示 点击:258 来源:本站原创 发布:2006-11-11 今年是文化、科技、卫生“三下乡”活动开展十周年。十年来～在中宣部等十四个部委的大力推动下～“三下乡”活动取得了丰硕的成果。只要看看广大农民欣赏演出时的喜悦、学到实用农业技术时的兴奋、受到医疗救治时的欣慰～就可以知道“三下乡”深受广大农民欢迎。在众多服务“三农”的社会事业中～“三下乡”的影响越来越大。 经过十年的实践～“三下乡”内容不断丰富～活动更加完善～一系列涉农的知识、技能、信息、物资、法规等～都已经纳入“三下乡”活动的范畴～“三下乡”正在向广度和深度扩展～群众受益面日益扩大。 “三下乡”深受农民欢迎～靠的就是服务“三农”的扎实工作。十年来～许多从事这项工作的同志不畏艰苦～深入基层～在田间地头、在风霜雨雪中奔走～使广大农村群众获得了精神文化的享受～获得了致富的信息和技术～获得了健康知识和医疗服务。 十年的实践表明～“三下乡”是新时期密切党和人民群众血肉联系的重要途径。“三下乡”把党的方针政策～党对农村、农民、农业的关心送到了亿万农民的心中～使他们切切实实感受到党的温暖,同时也使各级领导干部和从事这项工作的同志深入了解农村的现状～提高了制定政策的针对性和开展服务的实效性。“三下乡”所体现的正是立党为公、执政为民～全心全意为人民服务的宗旨。 十年的实践表明～“三下乡”是统筹城乡经济社会发展的一个有效举措。如何提高农民的收入、稳定农业生产、改善农村医疗服务、提高农村教育水平～关系农民切身利益～关系农村现代化建设。“三下乡”向广大乡村传播先进文化～普及科技知识～倡导文明生活～符合亿万农民脱贫致富的迫切愿望,为那些急需文化、科技、医疗的农村地区～尤其是“老少边穷”和西部农村雪中送炭～为改变那里的落后面貌做出了巨大贡献。这也是工业反哺农业、城市支持农村的实际行动。 十年的实践表明～“三下乡”是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要支撑。目前我国社会正随着经济的发展而发生深刻的变革～农村也同样处于这一历史变革的进程之中。“三下乡”对于解决农民的实际困难～化解农村的各种矛盾～改变农村的社会风气～提高农民的科学文化素质和生活水平～发挥着越来越大的作用。“三下乡”一定能够有力促进社会主义新农村建设。 十年奋斗～十年辉煌。在总结经验的同时～我们更加清醒地认识到～要把“三下乡”推向深入～就必须持之以恒～就必须开拓创新～就必须在针对性和实效性上下功夫。在“三下乡”活动中能直接受益的农民毕竟有限～只有坚持不懈～把“三下乡”变为“常下乡”～才能使更广大农民群众得到实惠。“三下乡”十年来已经积累了许多好的经验～涌现出大批优秀典型～但是如何使“三下乡”制度化、 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 化～如何调动更多部门的力量投入“三下乡”～仍有待我们不断探索创新。农村各地发展条件各异～经济水平不同～风俗习惯有别～如何结合实际～使“三下乡”更有针对性～更具实效性～值得我们认真思考。 我们要在十年成功实践的基础上～全面贯彻落实科学发展观～以更加饱满的热情和更加务实的工作～城乡携手～共同建设社会主义新农村～为全面建设小康社会而努力奋斗 2003年湖南省国家公务员考试申论试题 当人们对“59岁”、 “39岁”所指代的腐败现象不再陌生时～我们需要对这种“27岁”腐败现象保持高度警惕。如某市一个区的检察院最近三年来查处不满30岁的犯罪嫌疑人共有 19人～他们案发时的平均年龄为26.6岁～这部分人占该区贪污贿赂、挪用公款案件总数的17.6%。于是乎～“27岁”～便成了一种新的腐败“现象”。 当然～提出“27岁现象”～对人们也会产生一种警示作用。因为它告诉我们～腐败现象正在向各个年龄段蔓延～职务犯罪已呈现出低龄化的趋势～反腐败面临着更加严峻的形势。如果不能找到有效的解决办法～后果确实不堪设想。 因此～除了加强对青年人的法制教育和道德人生观教育外～还必须堵塞管理上的漏洞。从 管理制度 档案管理制度下载食品安全管理制度下载三类维修管理制度下载财务管理制度免费下载安全设施管理制度下载 上对“27岁”一族利用职务之便进行的违法犯罪实施有效的防控。建立健全一系列的规章制度。如:建立领导防范责任制～健全公开办事制度～实行财务公开～健全财务工作规则～建立财产申报制度～实行轮岗制～设立举报奖励基金等。强化监督机制～规范权力运作～使犯罪分子无“洞”可钻。 “五十九岁现象”曾经大面积出现在我们的社会生活当中～指的是某些领导干部在自己年满59岁、即将退休之前～突然联想到手中的权利已经时日无多～于是～一些意志不坚定者开始只争朝夕地用非常手段为自己谋取最大限度的物质及其它所有利益～更多的腐败由此产生～其中晚节不保、锒铛入狱的也大有人在。 多行不义必自毙。那些上演最后的疯狂的人～不见得不会遭到惩罚和报应,即使安然度过也无法心安理得～一如那些狠捞一把之后隐退的腐败分子～也势必只能在惶惶不可终日中～惴惴不安地打发自己的余生。 问题: 1、分析两种现象出现的根源和深层次原因。 2、提出解决该现象的办法。 3、根据题意自拟题目写一篇申论。 参考思路: 一、抓好如下主要工作任务: ,一,进一步抓好党员干部廉洁自律。 ,二,严肃查处违纪违法案件。 ,三,全面落实党风廉政建设责任制。,四,强化廉政监督机制。 ,五,深化源头预防和治理腐败的工作。 ,六,深化政务公开行风建设。,七,不断加大执法监察和效能监察力度～进一步加强行政监察工作～充分发挥行政监察职能作用。 ,八,进一步加强纪检监察队 机会平等是实现收入公平的根本途径 在国际上～通常把基尼系数0.4作为贫富差距的警戒线～认为超过这条警戒线～就容易产生社会动荡。1990年～中国的基尼系数在0.34左右～2003年已经逼近0.45～2004年超过0.465。 当前贫富差距拉大～是由多种原因造成的:,1,由过渡体制弊端和法制漏洞造成的公有资产流失和不公平竞争,,2,历史上形成并继续扩大的城乡差距和工农差距,,3,由某些倾斜政策和行政性垄断造成的地区差别和行业差别,,4,由市场扭曲造成的企业和个人在经济上的分化等。透过这些原因～我们发现:目前最突出的问题～实际上不是收入的不公平～而是机会的不平等～或者说是由不平等而导致的不公平。 机会平等这种源于现代福利经济学的观点认为～所有具备工作能力的人～其就业、投资、职务升迁、赚钱盈利和机会都是均等的～作为竞争主体他们都处立同一条起跑线上。一个人只要有能力～勤奋努力～抓住机会～就可以从低收入者进入高收入者的行列。可见～机会平等可以促进收入公平。机会平等意味着对身份特权的否定、对财产权的有效保护、对未来均等机会的开放。 要实现机会平等～关键是要解决好以下三个方面的问题: 一是建立有效的市场机制。现在的收入分配不公～首先是市场平台的不公～没有形成统一开放、有序竞争的市场格局。如目前的要素市场很没有市场化～距离统一、开放、竞争、有序这四个要求差距很大。劳动力市场依然受到城乡二元体制的阻隔、土地市场受到产权模糊的约束、资金市场受到若干歧视政策的影响。 二是确立合理的政策机制。即使是市场机制运行良好～它所带来的收入分配格局也不能说是正确、合理、公平或合乎道德的。市场竞争机制本身有加剧贫富差距的特性。因此～政府有责任通过政策机制对过大的收入差距进行补救～如对弱者的援助、对垄断的遏制、对收入的调节等～从而改善公平。 三是推进基本的制度保障。要在制度上保障人民平等竞争的权利～核心是保证受教育机会、就业机会、社会保障方面的起点公平。 ,1,每个人的能力不等、贡献不同。之所以贡献不同～基本问题是他们所受的教育不同。社会成员受教育程度的高低与其收入的多少成正比例关系。受教育机会的不均衡导致了收入的巨大差距。柬埔寨、尼泊尔、越南这些人均GDP是中国1/3的国家～都实行了免费教育。中国现在完全有能力实行农村的义务教育免费～同时对农民工和城市失业人员进行培训和职业教育。 ,2,中国目前有近八亿农民～占总人口的60%以上～但农业在经济总量中所占的比重却不到15%。据估计～目前中国农村剩余劳动力多达3亿-4亿。如果一大堆人挤在一小块土地上的情况不改变～那中国的农民怎么能富起来呢,因此～必须加快农村劳动力转移的进程～方便他们有平等的就业机会。 ,3,我国目前的社会保障体系明显不足。覆盖劳动者的养老保险只有20%～医疗与失业保险的覆盖率不到20%。良好的社会保障体系～不仅有利于起点公平～也是市场竞争的社会安全阀。 由此可见～机会平等是实现收入公平的根本途径。只有从机会平等这一根本问题入手～解决机制、制度等方面的关键问题～才能缩小贫富差距～实现收入公平。 住房问题,一,——综述 问题: 1、商品房供需结构矛盾突出。 目前～房地产市场供给中档商品房为主体～大户型比例过大～而适合广大中低收入家庭的中小户型比例偏低。2005年～住宅销售面积比去年同期增长了20%～而销售套数只比去年同期增长了近10%～新建商品房销售仍以大户型住宅为主～上半年80平方米以下新建商品房销售面积占住宅销售面积的5.54%～80-120平方米的中户型占住宅销售面积的21.95%～120平方米以上的大户型占销售面积的72.51%。 2、房价上升速度过快～房价收入比相对偏高。 房价持续上升十分不利于解决城镇居民尤其是中低收入居民家庭的住房问题～将制约住房消费的增长。住宅市场在经过几年的消化和发展后～目前住宅的真正需求集中在工薪阶层和刚踏入社会不久的年轻人身上。这部分群体不是收入水平相对低～就是积蓄较少～对住宅产品的购买力相对较弱。如果房价不加以有效控制～极有可能导致住宅市场大幅度波动～影响经济的持续发展。 3、行业集中度偏低～企业自有资金严重不足。 房地产的投资风险较大～要想在日益激烈的房地产市场竞争中长久地生存和发展～必须具有强大的资金实力。而我市房地产行业真正形成实力雄厚的大型开发企业并不多～目前全市房地产企业共有300余家～但一、二级企业不到30家～注册资本在5000万元以上的企业几乎没有～大部分企业自有资金不足～对银行贷款依赖性很大～潜在风险加大。 原因: 1(市场秩序不够规范。 目前房地产市场无论是在开发、销售还是管理层面上都存在一定的无序化。据有关调查资料显示～有76.2%的企业认为房地产开发市场存在一定程度上的无序化及房地产市场管理不规范化的问题～87.7%的企业认为房地产中介服务市场体系一般～94%的企业认为中介服务市场不规范。 2( 造成房价上涨的原因主要有: 一是开发商炒作～抓住购房者买涨不买落的心理～占调查总数的67%。 为了抬高房价～获取更多的利润～许多房地产开发商利用各种方法和方式不断的对房地产行业的发展作商业化炒作～从而尽可能的发布各种有利于抬高房价的虚假信息～对消费者购房行为进行错误的引导。同时～许多房地产开发商利用消费者害怕房价持续上涨的消费心理～在房价上涨的过程中让消费者购买～从而获取高额利润。 二是土地开发成本上升～价格过高～占调查总数的43%～在我市商品住房成本构成中～土地价格占到21.4%。 近年来～我国由于各种原因～可以利用土地的数量正逐步减少～这就导致可利用的土地资源呈现紧缺的发展态势。基于是种状况～土地开发成本不断上升～土地价格不断上涨～因而房地产开发的成本也相应提高。这些都成为房价上涨的决定性因素。 三是市区土地供应量逐步减少～拆迁成本高。 目前～随着社会经济的发展～我国的城市化建设步伐不断加快～对城市市区土地的需求和利用量在不断的增加～然而市区土地可利用率正在逐步减少～这就造成了城市土地供需矛盾。同时～在城市改建过程中～对于市区内旧的建筑物的拆迁都需要投入大量的人力、物力和财力～这些因素必将加大房地产开发商的成本。 四是房地产市场需求旺盛～随着城市居住人口的增加～住房制度改革深化～购房积极性不断高涨～加上住房公积金制度和个人住房按揭贷款的推行～提高了居民的购买能力～扩大了商品房市场的有效需求, 五是钢材、水泥等原材料的上涨～直接导致住房价格的上涨。 六是经济适用房在住房供应中所占的比例小～平抑商品房价格作用相对薄弱。 3(政府下设的房地产开发公司不规范运作。目前～各级政府(市、区县)均成立了房地产开发公司～而这些公司既资金短缺～又缺乏专业人才～在竞争中很难自下而上～但地方政府为了扶持这些公司～就利用行政权力～将区位最好的土地无偿划拨给这些公司～作为启动条件。然后这些公司将这些土地在无任何投入的情况下转让给有钱的“下家”房地产公司～有钱的房地产公司不想拿“二手地”～但因为有的地方土地市场不能公开竞标～只能吃进二手甚至三手地。实际上～这些地方政府下设的公司是利用行政手段剥了进行实质性投资的开发商的“一层皮”。据调查～“这层皮”大约占住宅开发成本的四分之一到五分之一。而这些只凭一张纸就由政府批准的房地产开发公司所取得的巨额利润～是十分不合理的。实际上～据权威部门的调查～真正搞开发的房地产公司利润率是很低的～他们一般将这层不合理的“皮”打进住房成本～从而抬升了房价～最终受害的不仅仅是开发商～而且也是广大的购买者。 对策: 1、加强市场监管～保障市场功能的充分发挥。 建立房地产市场信息系统和预警预报体系、加强商品房预售管理和跟踪管理、实行商品房合同备案和商品房预售登记制度～房地产管理部门要依法查处违规行为～并记入房地产企业和中介机构信用档案～公开予以曝光。 2、加强经济适用房和廉租房建设力度和管理～调整住房供给结构。 建设管理部门严格审查～加强跟踪监管。房地产管理部门要严格执行购买经济适用住房申请、审批、公示制度。同时～严格控制非住宅和高档商品住宅建设～努力增加中低价位、中小户型的经济适用住房、普通商品住房供给。 3、调整建设用地供应～严格土地管理～规范土地市场。 完善住房保障制度～健全市场体系。进一步深化住房分配货币化改革～加强住房公积金的归集、管理和使用。搞活住房二级市场～鼓励居民换购住房。在房地产市场成熟的城市～住房二级市场交易量应大于住房一级市场的交易量～应该形成高收入者购买商品房～他们腾出来的二手房会被下一收入层次的家庭占有～下一收入层的二手房又会继续向下传递～以形成住房一、二级市场的良性互动～促进房地产市场的持续稳定发展。 4、建立房地产业多渠道融资方式～促进规模化经营。 加速推进房地产证券化～利用证券市场的功能～实现房地产的资本大众化。鼓励发展房地产基金～鼓励房地产企业上市融资～建立房地产业多渠道融资方式～减轻银行风险。积极采取措施扶持优势房地产企业～使其尽快做大、做 强～还要在房地产领域全面引进竞争机制～充分运用资本市场～通过收购、兼并推进房地产企业的资产重组和企业扩张～通过优胜劣汰～加速房地产规模经营步伐。 5.高度重视稳定住房价格。各级政府要切实负起稳定住房价格的责任,切实整顿和规范市场秩序～严肃查处违法违规销售行为,加大打击、处罚各种违规、违法行为的力度,认真组织对稳定住房价格工作的督促检查,建立房地产企业信用档案～违规、违法行为公开予以曝光。对一些情节严重、性质恶劣的～建设部会同有关部门要及时依法从严处罚～并向社会公布,正确引导居民合理消费需求。 6.我们要加强经济适用房、廉租房的建设管理～解决中低收入家庭住房问题。 住房问题(二)——经济适用房问题 经济适用住房～是指政府提供政策优惠～限定建设标准、供应对象和销售价格～具有保障性质的政策性商品住房。经济适用住房是具有保障性质的政策性商品住房。经济适用住房对建立合理住宅供应体系～实现城市规划布局调整～深化住房制度改革～满足中低收入家庭住房需求等方面的作用。体现经济适用住房政策性和保障性要求～大力加强经济适用住房 建设和管理～严格控制供应范围和建设标准～促进经济适用住房建设健康发展是各级政府控制房价的重要举措。 问题: 1.供应与需求脱节。 2.户型超标和开放商暴利问题。 3.销售环节上的漏洞。漏洞主要有两个:一个是 开发商的“瞒”～即留下一定数量的房号自己操纵,另一个是购房者的“骗”～即不符合条件的骗购经济适用房。 原因 1.各地政府规划中的经济适用房的供应量～没有明确地侧算出需求量,之所以没有明确测算出需求量～是因为对购买者收入的界定标准不科学～经济适用房的保证面过于宽泛。 2.户型超标有一定的历史原因:房改之初～建设经济适用房承担着一定的扩大内需、拉动经济增长的任务～因而建设标准限制不严。开放商暴利问题的原因是:政府管理部门监管不严。 3.开发商的“瞒”～一个重要原因是:当初经济适用房放量供应～项目过多～由政府销售存在一定困难。购房者的“骗”～其重要原因是:居民收入透明度不够。 4.经济适用房制度不健全。主要表现为:价格的双轨制,即高价的商品房与平价的经济适用房。价格双轨制的存在～会诱使一部分人通过各种关系～购买低价经济适用房进而出租转卖谋利。,、法律制度不健全,法律对那些在销售环节中取得暴利的人没有受到处罚,、缺管统一的协调和监控机制,政府管理者和居民申请者之间存在严重的信息不对称～政府部门要准确掌握谁有资格取得经济适用房～几乎是不可能的。我国居民收入来源复杂～不少居民的真实收入政府无法掌握尤其是大量高收入者逃避个人所得税,等。 对策: 1在我国推行以解决中低收入者住房问题为重点的住房分类供应制度, 2对经济适用房给予优惠政策～并理所当然地调控经济适用房的户型、房价和供应对象, 3大比重地建设与我国经济水平相适应得小户型、低造价住房。在今后十年内～各城市年建设小户型、低造价住宅的比重～逐步达到占住宅总量的60%。为把 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 落到实处～城市政府每年要把小户型、低造价的建 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 划～有计划地分解下达到每个待建的住宅小区。同时制定法规～凡不按计划建设小户型、低造价住宅的房地产企业～要给予高额罚款～直至取消营业执照的处罚, 4有区别地运用税费的调节作用～使之充分产生鼓励小户型、低造价住宅～抑制大户型、高造价住宅的作用。 5完善经济适用房法律制度。首先～对经济适用房的购买程序、购买资格、监控机构和出明确规定。其次～法律应对那些有权力背景和财力基础的人通过暗箱操作～私相授受～权钱交易～不当谋利的给予制裁。 6建立统一的协调管理部门～加强监管力度。政府可以通过单位和街道开具证明的方式～并加以证明一个家庭的准确收入。 住房问题(三)——商品房问题 问题: 1(擅自改变设计～如户型、层高、楼间距等。 2(售中制造虚假旺销假象～欺骗消费者。商品房中楼层、朝向、户型、位臵不同～直接影响销售～为了尽快卖出不太好的房源～有的人为制造旺销假象～大量散发夸大其词的商品房销售广告～诱导消费者购买～在广告和楼盘图上消费者往往见到的是一路飘红的优惠～有的甚至雇佣“房托”～抬高商品房价格～造成消费者盲目抢购、上当受骗。 3(现房出现质量问题维修难、退换更难。商品房和其他商品一样～出现质量问题在所难免。但是～一旦出现问题～消费者面临维修难、退换更是遥不可及的境地。 4(新房入住后配套设施跟不上～影响正常生活。搬入新居的消费者常常被高层电梯不能正常使用、煤气迟迟不开栓、绿化得不到落实、房证、契税证不能如期办理等后续问题所困扰。 5(开发公司借交钥匙之机乱收费。消费者支付房款后～开发公司和物业公司还要求消费者交纳对讲门费、拆改抵押金,保证金,、预交物业费等。 6(面积缩水～消费者房款被鲸吞。目前～商品房销售大部分按照建筑面积计算～开发公司故弄玄虚～使面积缩水的机会比较多～消费者套内面积减少～与购买数量不符～直接关系房价款～使消费者多付冤枉钱。 原因: 1、经营者以损害消费者合法权益换取最大利益 首先～商品房经营者以获取最大利润为最终目的。房地产行业投资大～生产周期长～经营者急于收回成本～急功近利～违背诚信原则～采取偷工减料或者把工程承包给没有资质的建筑施工方～使用质次价低的不合格建筑材料～牟取暴利～如此建筑出来的商品房质量低劣。 其次～由于商品房标的额大～以侵害消费者权益为代价获取的利益非常可观～所以屡禁不止。 2、监管部门监管不到位 一是对房地产行业的监管由建设行政主管部门、房地产行政主管部门监管～由于上述部门部分管理资源薄弱～存在监管盲区。 二是部分工程质量监督单位在监督中存在监督不到位的问题～主要表现在按照《城市房地产管理法》、《建筑法》的要求～“未经验收合格的房屋～不能交付使用”～而房屋验收合格的标准是取得《竣工验收证书》～但是～目前很多工程在土建、消防、电梯、燃气、民防、规划、环保、档案等方面只有部分合格就可以通过验收～其中消费者投诉比较集中的隔音差、保温层偷工减料、防水层质量差等较为严重的问题也能够顺利通过验收。 3、法律法规严重滞后～缺乏可操作性强、细化的问题 一是专项法规目前只有《城市房地产开发经营管理条例》、《城市商品房预售管理办法》～出现纠纷要适用《中华人民共和国民法通则》、《中华人民共和国合同法》～缺乏细化的、操作性强的专业法规。 二是为有效解决商品房消费纠纷～最高人民法院作出了《关于审理商品房买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题解释》～但是在该《解释》中～商品房出现问题后～除主体结构质量问题外～消费者享受不到退换的售后服务,同时～对属于维修范围的～经营者无理拖延的不容易认定。 三是按照司法实践～对于面积缩水问题～只能以房地产开发公司提供的数据为准～如何消费者领取钥匙～对于商品房面积有疑问～就必须自已向有关部门提出申请～自掏腰包进行检测～这对消费者显失公平。 四是消费费与房地产开发公司出现纠纷后～消费者举证难～因为～建筑图纸只掌握在房地产开发公司～如果消费者维权～需要消费者举证～而许多消费者缺乏举证能力～往往望而却步～使维护自身合法权益的行为夭折。 4、消费者缺乏理性科学消费知识～盲目跟风 一是由于商品房既有使用价值又有投资价值～消费者往往担心房价会越涨越高～除正常自住、换房外～纷纷提前消费甚至过度消费的也大有人在～以强势支撑起了房地产消费市场～商场如战场～消费者应审时度势～适当博弈～理性、科学、成熟地消费。 二是消费者缺乏对商品房合同、选房、验房、拥有权利等基本知识、法律法规的了解和运用～往往因为急于拿到钥匙～忽略了对商品房进行仔细的检验、验收。 5、消费者弱势地位突出～难以与实力雄厚的经营者抗衡 商品房侵权问题一旦出现～最有效的解决途径是通过诉讼解决～房地产开发公司拥有专业律师～专门负责处理消费纠纷～与消费者打官司。而消费者作为一个个体～弱势地位突出～诉讼耗时费力～成本大、时间长～消费者往往为了维护自身合法权益～要放弃大量时间和正常的生活～即使赢得了诉讼～也是身心俱疲～所以很多消费者因为害怕麻烦放弃了自已的权益～间接地助长了不法开发者的气焰。 对策: 1、国家加强宏观调控力度～发挥“看得见的手”之作用 房地产行业因其特殊性、市场初期不规范性～价格偏离了价值的轨道～市场规律不能完全发挥作用～需要政府有关部门适当进行宏观调控～充分发挥税收杠杆、金融机制的作用～兼用最高限价、投放惠民经济住宅等行政手段～有效解决房价虚高、炒房泛滥、质量低劣等热点问题～引导房地产行业健康稳定发展。同时～宏观调控的作用不可能一蹴而就～需要过程～需要制定长远目标。 2、监管部门实施全方位、动态监管～使违法行为无机可乘 一是要严格市场准入～杜绝无经营能力、无资质经营者进入市场～造成鱼龙混杂, 二是统一制定严密的预售、销售格式合同～对易引发矛盾和纠纷的模糊问题加以澄清～并应向弱势群体倾斜, 三是实行“巡查”～对商品房预售、建筑、售后进行全方位、多角度的动态监管, 四是加快信用体系建设～对信用等级差的企业加强监管, 五是建立透明信息平台～对侵权企业、行为、类型予以曝光～警示消费。 3、提高企业自律意识～自觉守法经营、诚信经营 一是在经营过程中要有长远发展目标～树立品牌意识～遵纪守法自觉自律～在开发、建设、销售、售后等各各环节严格执行国家标准～保证进入投放市场的商品房质量, 二是自觉承担社会责任～通过商品房交易成为满足社会、企业、消费者各自需要的多赢平台。 4、引导消费者科学理性消费～提高自我保护意识 政府相关职能部门要通过开展消费知识专题讲座、发放宣传材料、咨询答疑等活动。让消费者掌握选购商品房有关的法律法规、常识、技巧等知识～提高消费者选购、识别商品房的能力～增强防范意识～加强维护自身合法权益保护能力～引导消费者科学理性消费～为消费者营造放心消费环境。 5、构筑保护消费者合法权益的绿色通道 首先～国家要对商品房市场进行宏观调控。采取商品房限价以及加大中低端市场供应等措施。 其次～各级政府有关部门要坚持以科学发展观统领经济发展全局～按照立足科学发展、着力创新～相互协调社会各方面的力量～建立健全完善的消费者维权体制机制～为开创消费者权益保护工作新局面服务。 2006年10月11日下午3时05分在北京人民大会堂举行中国共产党第十六届中央委员会第六次全体会议～会议经过充分讨论、认真审议～一致通过《中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定》。 社会主义和谐社会是中国特色社会主义的本质属性～是经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设协调发展的社会～是人与人、人与社会、人与自然之间整体和谐的社会。 ,一,“社会和谐”存在的问题 1、 制度方面:户籍制度、土地征用制度、住房制度、社会保障制度、社会管理制度、公共服务制度、医疗卫生体系、三农问题 2、 政府管理体系方面:安全生产、诚信问题、新农村建设、“不公平”问题、看病难、看病贵问题、执政能力、服务型政府问题、就业问题、稳定房价问题 3、 法治方面:社会安全、商业贿赂、突发公共事件问题、公共秩序 4、 观念方面:生态环境、社会主义文化道德、垃圾短信、药品安全问题、知识产权问题 5、 其他热点问题:奥运自愿者问题、社区建设问题、合理利用社会资源问题、科技创新问题、民办教育、食品安全问题 其中～我国社会发展进程中亟需解决的问题主要有:土地征用制度、住房制度、社会保障制度、社会管理制度、公共服务制度、安全生产、生态环境、政府诚信、社会安全、新农村建设、奥运自愿者问题、社区建设问题、合理利用社会资源问题、医疗卫生问题、科技创新问题、民办教育、“不公平”问题、全社会主义文化道德 ,二,建设“社会和谐”的原因: 1(社会和谐是人民幸福的重要保证。 2(社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性～是国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福的重要保证。把社会和谐作为国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福的重要保证～是在把社会和谐作为中国特色社会主义本质属性后认定的。社会和谐上升到如此境界、如此地位～既是马克思主义中国化的理论升华～又是结合中国国情、尊重全国人民意愿的崭新实践。构建社会主义和谐社会～是我们党以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导～全面贯彻落实科学发展观～从中国特色社会主义事业总体布局和全面建设小康社会全局出发提出的重大战略任务～反映了建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家的內在要求～体现了全党全国各族人民的共同愿望。 ,三,建设“社会和谐”必须遵守的原则: 必须坚持以人为本,必须坚持科学发展,必须坚持改革开放,必须坚持民主法治,必须坚持正确处理改革发展稳定的关系,必须坚持在党的领导下全社会共同建设。 ,四,“社会和谐”具体内容: 社会和谐内容包括八个部分: 一是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要性和紧迫性。 社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性～是国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福的重要保证。构建社会主义和谐社会～是我们党以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导～全面贯彻落实科学发展观～从中国特色社会主义事业总体布局和全面建设小康社会全局出发提出的重大战略任务～反映了建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家的内在要求～体现了全党全国各族人民的共同愿望。 二是构建社会主义和谐社会的指导思想、目标任务和原则 社会主义民主法制更加完善～依法治国基本方略得到全面落实～人民的权益得到切实尊重和保障,城乡、区域发展差距扩大的趋势逐步扭转～合理有序的收入分配格局基本形成～家庭财产普遍增加～人民过上更加富足的生活,社会就业比较充分～覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系基本建立,基本公共服务体系更加完备～政府管理和服务水平有较大提高,全民族的思想道德素质、科学文化素质和健康素质明显提高～良好道德风尚、和谐人际关系进一步形成,全社会创造活力显著增强～创新型国家基本建成,社会管理体系更加完善～社会秩序良好,资源利用效率显著提高～生态环境明显好转,实现全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会的目标～努力形成全体人民各尽其能、各得其所而又和谐相处的局面。必须坚持以人为本～必须坚持科学发展～必须坚持改革开放～必须坚持民主法治～必须坚持正确处理改革发展稳定的关系～必须坚持在党的领导下全社会共同建设。 三是坚持协调发展～加强社会事业建设, 社会要和谐～首先要发展。社会和谐在很大程度上取决于社会生产力的发展水平～取决于发展的协调性。必须坚持用发展的办法解决前进中的问题～大力发展社会生产力～不断为社会和谐创造雄厚的物质基础。同时～更加注重解决发展不平衡问题～更加注重发展社会事业～推动经济社会协调发展。 四是加强制度建设～保障社会公平正义, 社会公平正义是社会和谐的基本条件～制度是社会公平正义的根本保证。必须加紧建设对保障社会公平正义具有重大作用的制度～保障人民在政治、经济、文化、社会等方面的权利和利益～引导公民依法行使权利、履行义务。 五是建设和谐文化～巩固社会和谐的思想道德基础, 建设和谐文化～是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要任务。社会主义核心价值体系是建设和谐文化的根本。必须坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位～牢牢把握社会主义先进文化的前进方向～弘扬民族优秀文化传统～借鉴人类有益文明成果～倡导和谐理念～培育和谐精神～进一步形成全社会共同的理想信念和道德规范～打牢全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的思想道德基础。 六是完善社会管理～保持社会安定有序, 加强社会管理～维护社会稳定～是构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。必须创新社会管理体制～整合社会管理资源～提高社会管理水平～健全党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与的社会管理格局～在服务中实施管理～在管理中体现服务。 七是激发社会活力～增进社会团结和睦, 社会主义和谐社会既是充满活力的社会～也是团结和睦的社会。必须最大限度地激发社会活力～促进政党关系、民族关系、宗教关系、阶层关系、海内外同胞关系的和谐～巩固全国各族人民的大团结～巩固海内外中华儿女的大团结。 八是加强党对构建社会主义和谐社会的领导。 我们要构建的社会主义和谐社会～是在中国特色社会主义道路上～中国共产党领导全体人民共同建设、共同享有的和谐社会。必须坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导～坚持党的基本路线、基本纲领、基本经验～坚持以科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局～按照民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的总要求～以解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题为重点～着力发展社会事业、促进社会公平正义、建设和谐文化、完善社会管理、增强社会创造活力～走共同富裕道路～推动社会建设与经济建设、政治建设、文化建设协调发展。 2006年各地公务员考试申论主题汇总 中央:公共突发事件 江西:自主创新 广东:运力紧张 湖南:社会主义新农村建设 海南省2006年公考:新农村新文化 江苏省公考:运用传统节日～弘扬民族文化 天津公考:构建节约型社会 浙江公考:"公平与效率" 吉林省公考申论是以“户籍制度改革是一个渐进的过程”为主题～题目自拟。 06年1月黑龙江申论 考的城市垃圾处理收费的问题 2006年1月福建是考有关“志愿者活动”的主题 云南省的是写"平价医院" 2006年3月湖北选调生考的是考有关“出国留学的～留学生在外国的遭遇”的主题～题目自拟 2006年4月23日安徽省申论考题:教育部张保庆副部长谈贫困生上学难问题～主要是助学贷款问题。写一封信给教育部～提出建议。题目为如何让贫困学生能上大学。 重庆市考了～主题是中国大学排行榜 河北公务员考试考的是:省公务员考得是无偿献血～各地市考得是社会主义荣辱观 2006年1月广西选调生考的是教育乱收费问题 山东的申论两个话题～1～公民道德建设。2～证人保护制度。 广西2006 5月27日审论考的是----虚假广告不实广告违法广告 四川考的是:经济试用房 山东考的是证人保护方面的内容 ,,,,年～云南考的是平价医院 河北考的是社会主义荣辱观～以上海一位绝症老人在公共汽车上苦苦哀求无人让座引发一系列的报道而开始 贵州省公务员申论考试题目是“义务献血”。 一共有三道题～第一道,？,分,对所给的,,篇义务献血方面的资料概括内容提要,第二道,,,分,～对取消献血补贴进行阐述,第三道,80分,以政府官员的角度写一篇倡导市民义务献血的电视讲话。 广东申论写的是关于手机短信垃圾的。 一问形成原因和带给人们的后果～写500字,二问政府措施～写800字以上。 申论考试中决定成败的细节 申论考了这么多年～可以说变化还是很大的～然而始终不变的就是申论的测试目标。大纲上明确指出的～申论就是通过对给定资料的分析、提炼、归纳、加工～来考察考生解决实际问题的能力～以及阅读理解能力～综合分析能力～提出和发现问题的能力～文字表达能力。 因此无论怎么变～还是万变不离其宗～申论的考察点全部包含在以上几种能力的考察上。但是我们也要看到重点～那就是申论注重对考生解决实际问题能力的考察～体现在考试中就是对于一个问题的解决对策和方法。所以考生们一定要对这一点引起足够的重视。往年就出现过这样的问题:题目要求考生以当地交通管理负责人的身份写一篇关于我市交通拥堵情况的报告～题干下面还有更为具体的要求～其中第一条就明确告诉考生简明地说明情况、分析原因～深入地论证解决的对策。然而很多考生在审题过程中并不仔细～而是一带而过～有的甚至没有看到题干后面的具体要求。因此体现在卷面上就是在交通如何拥堵以及损失后果上大做文章～并详尽分析了问题出现的原因～然而最重要的对策却只字未提～结果大费周折却失分严重。 此外～还有些考生喜欢自由发挥。申论申论～申而论之～的确需要考生的发挥。但是有一点大家一定要明确～发挥一定是在限制范围内的。 首先第一点～要把握住正确的政治方向。作为国家的公务人员～具备良好的政治素养是最基本的～体现在考试中就要把握住正确的政治方向。有一年考题中要求考生就某一社会问题进行分析～并提出对策。结果有位考生就自由发挥～由对这一社会问题的分析上升到了对社会主义制度的批判以及国家公务员选拔制度的批判。说实话～这篇文章文笔还是很流畅的～笔锋也很犀利～如果这位考生能够把握好大原则～一定能够得到相当高的分数。然而他就是犯了大忌～没有把握好正确的政治走向～因此只得了一个卷面分。所以在这里要给各位考上提个醒～千万要把握好正确的政治走向～否则你的文章写得再好～也是废纸一张。 其次第二点～发挥要在指定范围内～不要想当然。比如题干中常会出现这样的话“在给定的资料中进行分析”～很多考生觉得这是废话～其实不然。这其中就给大家限制了一个范围“给定的资料中”～如果考生意识不到这点～很可能针对这一问题想当然地把自己所了解的相关信息全都搬上来～写了一大堆～却只有一两点是在给定资料中体现的～这样无疑是画蛇添足～浪费时间。阅卷中也不会因为你答得多就多给分～还是会严格按照采分点评分。 以上几个例子我们可以看出～首先在考场上仔细审题是十分关键的～考生千万不要觉得时间紧迫而把审题的时间都省略了～这样往往得不偿失。其次就是一定要注重解决对策并把握好正确的政治方向。第三就是不要想当然～一定要答题到位。 此外考生在行文的过程中～要注意逻辑性。因为阅卷工作也是流水作业～批改每份试卷的时间有限～因此考生如果在行文中能够体现出逻辑性～让阅卷老师对你的行文脉络一目了然～从阅卷老师的心理上来讲～就已经给你的试卷分到了一个比较高的档次。这对考生来说是十分有利的。 除了逻辑性之外～考生的字迹也很关键～这也涉及到阅卷老师的心理问题。大家可以自己想想～如果你是阅卷老师～摆在你眼前的两张卷纸～一张字迹潦草～涂涂抹抹～而另一张字迹工整～卷面整洁～你会给谁高分,所以说考生们在答题过程中千万不要图快就把字写飞了～一句话写上去觉得不好就用钢笔反复地勾掉。建议考生用不会使卷纸变阴的笔书写～另外一句话想好了以后再写～如果非要删去也不要反复地涂抹～只要在字中间一勾就可以了。字迹不一定非得美观～但一定要工整～至少不要让阅卷老师猜字 如果大家在考试中能够避免上述问题～相信各位考生一定会有一个令自己满意的成绩。 解析教育乱收费五根源 对症下药治理五途径 近年来～虽然我国政府对教育的投入不断增长～可从小学到高校～各种乱收费现象仍屡禁不止～不仅引起了家长和社会的强烈不满～也成为打破教育公平、阻碍和谐社会建设进程的一大顽疾。教育乱收费产生的根源何在,如何才能彻底根治, 家长:关心收费 担心乱收费 "学校一开学～我们最关心的是收费～最担心的是乱收费。"时下～谈起教育收费问题～很多家长抱有这样的心态。记者从辽宁、吉林、黑龙江等省相关部门了解到～尽管目前各地针对教育乱收费纷纷出台治理政策和措施～但群众对教育乱收费问题仍是举报不断～反映强烈。辽宁省纪委、省监察厅、省政府纠风办联合主办的民心网～从,,,？年底至,,,,年底共受理关于教育乱收费问题的投诉案件,,,,件～占投诉总量的,,(,,,。其中高校乱收费和中小学乱补课、乱办班问题成为群众投诉热点。 从投诉的情况看～教育乱收费呈现出种类繁多、数额较大等特点。收费项目五花八门～高校乱收费具体表现在学校违规收取高额重修费～超标准收取住宿费～向毕业学生超标准收取学位费、答辩费～利用毕业学生实习期间搭车收费、收取中介费～不退还毕业学生押金等问题。中小学乱收费则表现在招收择校生～办特长班～乱补课～强制服务乱收费～强行推销保险、教辅材料费等。 教育乱收费涉及的金额也十分庞大。,,,,年底～辽宁省纪委、省监察厅等部门联合通报了,,起中小学教育乱收费～仅此一次就涉及违规收费,,,余万元。这些不合理收费不仅影响了政府形象～而且加重了城乡居民的负担～甚至造成贫困家庭的孩子失学、辍学～同时容易使学生产生"拜金主义"思想～也影响了下一代的健康成长。 剖析教育乱收费的根源 一是政府投入不足～学校为"生存发展"而乱收费。 今年两会期间～全国人大代表、中国人民大学校长纪宝成直指教育乱收费根源:"教育投入不足是造成教育乱收费现象的根本原因。"全国政协委员、华东理工大学教授张鉴祖指出～中国教育支出水平比中等发达国家都低～就是比印度等一些发展中国家也低得多。他说～华东理工大学一年的支出中财政拨款所占的比重不足,,,～剩下的一大半需要学校通过办企业、搞横向协作项目等来自筹。 据了解～在一些地方～教育经费保障机制落实不到位～严重制约了教育的健康、有序发展。,,,,年～黑龙江省对义务教育阶段学校公用经费投入情况进行集中检查发现～被抽查的,,个县,市,中～近三分之一未能足额拨付公用经费。截至去年底～共有,,个县,市,全部按标准补齐教育公用经费共计,,,,万元。 如此高额的公用经费不能到位～已经威胁到了那些"艰难度日"的学校特别是农村中小学的正常运转。为了学校的生存～校领导只能从学生身上"打主意"。而在这些地方～即使查出学校乱收费的问题～也会因地方政府财力有限～强调各种客观原因而使处理结果软化～助长了学校乱收费的发展。 二是部分教育行政部门、学校和教师为谋取利益～利用紧缺的教育资源乱收费。 这种收费主要体现为"择校费""择班费"和"补课费"。家长们为了让孩子接受优质教育而不惜金钱～无奈中客观助长了学校的乱收费行为。 此外～有些学校依靠向学生收取高额费用来稳定师资队伍～默许教师以"补课"形式增加收入。"政府是按照学生人数拨付教育经费的～老师的福利待遇不收费从哪里来,没有好待遇怎么能吸引好老师,"一名中学校长说。 三是服务性质收费～这些收费在学校正常运转中不可或缺～但给经济困难学生家庭带来了压力。 有关人士认为～应对这部分收费进行谨慎分析～区别对待。以校服费为例～目前城市学校基本都要求学生统一购买校服。由于这项费用不在"一费制"范围内～政府和学校又无从解决～所以必须向学生收取～而个别学校要求学生定制多套校服且价位较高～由此产生收费矛盾。 "一费制"政策在广大农村地区实施后～一些较为明显的乱收费项目销声匿迹了～但部分学校采取隐蔽手段变相收费～用"自愿交费"来掩盖"强制性收费"～给农村家庭增加了负担。 四是摊派性收费～包括报刊费、各种集体活动费用等。 一位校长诉苦说:"上级部门组织活动要求学校参加～我们能不参加吗,参加就要租车、租服装～学生排练节目要管水、管饭～一场活动下来几千块钱都是少的。这部分钱虽说是出自学校～可终究还是'羊毛出在羊身上'。" 五是违法成本低也导致教育乱收费愈演愈烈。 对于乱收费～有关部门往往是开学之初检查一遍～而且以翻收据、听汇报居多～没有向学生和家长进行深入调查～难以了解实际情况。就是查出问题～收缴、没收的违法金额也是很小一部分～对相关责任人也不够做严格处理的标准。难怪有的乱收费者说:"查得出不一定是你的～查不出则全是我的。" 对症下药治理教育乱收费 针对花样翻新的教育乱收费现象～有关专家呼吁政府、学校、家长三管齐下～根治这一顽症。 一、加大投入是解决乱收费问题的根本保障。 相关政府部门应改变教育"投资大、见效慢、麻烦多"的老观念～充分认识到教育的重要性～主动解决学校实际困难～确保财政拨款实现逐年增长～改变乱开收费口子、乱下摊派指令以及截留教育经费、挤占教师工资等做法。 二、对于产生乱收费的原因进行分析～找准问题症结。 对于各级政府和有关部门自行制定的与国家政策规定相悖的收费政策和规定～应一律废止。对教育乱收费以及政府或有关部门平调、挤占、截留、挪用义务教育学校公用经费问题～应移交纪检监察或纠风部门～依纪依法进行调查处理～追究当事人乃至相关领导的责任。对性质严重、社会影响大的典型案件～给予曝光。对政府拨入责任不到位、拨付比例不到位、或拨付不及时的县,市,政府～限期按标准足额拨付义务教育学校公用经费。对限期过后仍未拨付的～进行严肃处理和责任追究。 三、强化监督～全面落实教育收费公示制。 各级教育行政主管部门和学校要将教育收费公示制落到实处～应严格按照规定～将已批准的收费项目、收费标准、收费依据、收费范围特别是投诉举报电话等内容予以公示～全面接受群众与各方面的监督。发现问题～从严处理～绝不能姑息迁就。 四、整合资源～促使优质教育资源得到充分利用。 在学校财力不足、办学条件有限的情况下～可考虑调整县一级或农村学校布局～从而促进教育资源的合理配臵～降低教育成本。对于城市里所谓的民办公助校、校中校～应通过关、停、并、转的重组方式～减少不合理的学校规模和数量～余下的应按照《义务教育法》规定～就近招生。对于一些学校所收捐资助学费纳入财政预算管理～用于薄弱学校和普通学校改造、资助贫困学生等。 五、使"一费制"更加科学完善。 认真梳理学生保险、校服费、报刊费、饮水费等收费～彻底解决这些费用由谁拿～拿多少的问题。对"一费制"推行过程中暴露出的新问题要采取切实可行的办法及时予以解决。对"阳光政策"之后的隐性收费行为要加以制止～把可预见的、不可避免的服务性收费纳入"一费单"～如卷子费～应规定一学期考几次～共收费多少等～事先向家长和社会说明情况～避免造成误解～从而使"一费制"更加规范和完善。 申论写作中的五种思维能力 每个人都有自己的思维方式～思维能力也存在着很大差异～无论是形象思维还是抽象思维～各主体都会有自己的模式。但在申论考试中～解题的各个环节都要运用思维能力～只是在具体要求上有所不同而已。 一、审题的思维能力 审题是指对文章题目进行周密的揣摩、审查以把握题意的活动。' 审题即对标题加以分析研究～从而正确理解标题的含义、范围、要求～确定文章的体裁、题材、中心乃至写法。审题是一个系统程序～贯穿于阅读、写作的全过程之中。 审题思维的主体过程是对题目的理解过程。这种理解～既包括抽象思维的理解～也包括形象思维的理解。 抽象思维的理解～即通过对题目的理性分析去理解题意。对供材料作文所提供的文字材料～也都需要通过分析、比较、综合、归纳等方法来理解材料的内容～把握其实质。 形象思维的理解～即通过对题目内容的联想和想像去理解题意。在供材料作文中～除了文学性的语言材料需要形象的理解外～所提供的图画材料同样需要通过联想和想像去理解画面的意义。 从近年情况来看～申论考试材料没有给出标题～所以在这里～我们不准备对标题做更多介绍。但作为一般的给材料作文～了解和掌握，些基本的方法也是必要的。 申论题目～一般由两部分组成～一部分是给定"资料"～二是根据给定"资料"提出的"申论要求"。这就要求审题时对给定"资料"与"申论要求"二者兼顾。因此要仔细研读"资料"及"申论要求"。 研读材料要准确完整～不能瞎子摸象～不能割裂原材料。对较为复杂的资料～要仔细揣摩。要能抓住主旨～不能牵强附会～研读"申论要求"要全面～不能漏掉任何一条。要找准角度～即"着眼点"～就是审题的眼光集中在材料的某一点上～是审题者所注意的材料中所存在的思想。( 二、拟题的思维能力 拟题(就是给文章确立标题。好的标题(使人过目不忘、甚至终身犹记。 拟定题目～可在行文之前～也可在文成之后:一般情况下是拟题在先～但也有先有材料～先有观点～连缀材料、观点而成文章。题目根据文章的具体情形再拟定～这样～题目便定在文成之后。有时会同时出现几个题目～那就要推敲斟酌～比较取舍。 在拟题过程中也存在思维能力。拟题对思维能力的要求主要是概括能力～同时要求具有思维的灵活性和发散性。在这里～我们重点谈谈慨括能力和直觉能力。 在概括能力方面～首先应该明确文章的中心思想～因为只有明确了中心思想～所拟的标题才会正确体现中心思想～或有助于表达中心思想。其次～要从中心思想出发～选择合理的和新颖的概括角度。 在直觉能力方面～重要的是注意拟题方法经验的积累(实现知识的迁移。这就需要在平时多掌握拟题方面的知识～并加强这方面的训练。 三、立意的思维能力 立意是文章写作的起点。这里的"意"指的是我国古代写作论中的一个专用术语～它融合着作者对写作对象的认识与情感。由于在写作时文章还未生成～所以我国传统立论称确立未来文章的主题思想为立意。 在确立中心思想时～要培养辩证思维和创造性能力。一篇文章的中心思想要做到见解深刻并富有新意～在思考过程中必须注意运用辩证思维。我们所要解决的某一具体问题～或者所思考的某一具体对象～因为它本身就是矛盾的对立统一～所以我们在思考这一问题或对象时也必须用矛盾的、联系的、发展的观点去看问题。在这一由思维抽象上手}到思维具体的认识过程中～辩证思维应当成为形成中心思想的主要的思维形式。 四、选材的思维能力 选材～就是要对众多的原始材料进行选择和加工～使那些真实而又典型的材料成为文章能够表现或说明思想的材料。根据选材的基本要求～从以下三个方面来锻炼思维能力: 1(围绕中心思想选材 主要是看材料是否符合表现中心思想的需要。在一篇文章中～材料是有其独特的功能的。因为材料与中心思想的关系极为密切～所以鉴别材料的标准只能是材料和中心思想的关系。中心思想是不能凭空产生的～它只能在分析、研究、消化有关材料的过程中提炼出来。所以～对于文章写作来说。材料总是第一性的～是文章的基础～而中心思想是第二性的～是在材料的基础上产生的观点、意念或感受,另一方面还应看到～材料又是表现和深化中心思想的基础。 因此(材料的鉴别和取舍都要受中心思想的制约。中心思想未形成或正在形成时～材料对中心思想起决定作用,中心思想形成后～又反过来成为鉴别取舍材料的最主要依据。这是一种矛盾统一运动的辩证关系。 2(选取真实确凿的材料 材料的真实一是指严格意义上的"生活真实"～也即指文章中的事实性材料要严格地符合客珊B事物的原貌或实际情况。二是指本质意义上反映生活真实的"艺术真实"。这是指文章中的事实性材料要能从本质上反映生活的真实面貌。为了达到这一目的～可以允许对于作为生活素材的事件、细节、环境、人物特征进行某种组合、改造～也即艺术加工或艺术虚构: 材料的确凿一般是指文章中使用的材料既要准确无误～经得住核实～又要用得恰当贴切。在引用别人的话时～不能有差错(要做到与原文完全一致。在用自己的话引用别人的话时～不能断章取义。在使用个别或概括性的事实材料时～应尊重其原貌～不可夸大或缩小事实～即使引用一个数字也要精确无误。 3(选取典型意义的材料 所滑典型材料就是某一事物中最有代表性的事例或材料。它既是具体的、个别的～又是富有鲜明独特的个性的～同时又能体现同一类事物的本质特征和普遍意义的。它是个性与共性的统一～特殊性与普遍性的统一～能“以一斑窥全豹”、“以一目传精神”。典型材料不是轻易可得到的～需要在许多可用的材料中进行精选。 4(选择新颖生动的材料 新颖的材料首先当然是指别人没有用过或不常用的材料～这种鲜为人知的材料自然能给人一种新鲜感。生动的材料是指材料本身以及作者对材料的表述的新鲜活泼、富有感染力～因而能增加读者阅读兴趣和作品的可读性的材料。这种材料一是指具体、具有形象性的材料。具体的材料带有感性特征～容易通过联想唤起读者沉睡的表象。由于表象是有形象性的～所以没有直接的形象的语言文字也具有了形象性,二是指带有情节和悬念的材料～这类材料不但曲折生动～而且能唤起读者期待心理～有很强的吸引力～还能给读者带来惊奇、确信、怀疑等心理反应,三是指能使读者感到亲切的材料。 五、布局的思维能力 中心思想确定了(选用哪些材料也心中有数了～写作面临的一个新问题是如何安排这些材料以表达主题。就是如何对材料进行组合和安排～这就是布局。布局反映在形式上～首先就是层次与段落的先后关系。由于文章开头、结尾是具有特殊地位的层次、段落～由于各层次、段落之间需要过渡和照应～所以布局除考虑层次、段落外～还应考虑开头和结尾～过渡和照应。 确定文章的布局～主要运用的是抽象逻辑思维。它大体要经历如下的思维过程: 1(要有完整性 结构的完整性是内容的完整性的必然要求。文章有一个主题～这一主题借必需的材料来支持～因此须有完整的结构形式。 关于结构的完整～古希腊思想家亚里士多德在《诗学》里有这样的阐释:"我所谓完整是指一件事物有头～有中段(有尾。头无须有任何事物在前面覆盖着～而后面却必须有事物承接着。中段要前面既有事物笼盖着～后面又有事物承接着。尾须有事物在前面笼盖着～却不须有事物在后面承接着。"他指出了作为完整有机体的文章～必须有头有尾有中段并互相联系～每一部分各在必然的地位。 此外～文章的层次、段落也各有其相对完整性。构思与写作时务必作通盘的考虑才能真正达到结构的完整。 2(要有严密性 文章结构完整而不残缺～这可以说是基本的要求。在这个基础上～还要求文章结构严密～即要求文章各层次、段落融为一体～相互之间有内在的必然联系～没有互相矛盾或互不相干的情况。 写作中～根据表现主题的需要等原则～可以对材料作这样那样的安排、调度～但结构要反映材料之间的联系。 文章各层次、段落要相互协同而不能相互矛盾～这也是结构严密性的标志。 3(要有连贯性 文章结构完整、严密～可以保证内容的完整、严密～而结构连贯性的要求～则可进一步加强文章的整体性～使之成为一个有机的系统。 连贯性同样首先是个内容问题。占人讲文章义法(有所谓"起承转台"、"起伏呼应"之说。这些说法有其合理的方面～只是后来脱离内容而蜕变为单纯结掏形式的要求～成了禁锢思想、束缚手脚的枷锁。今天应该从内容。j形式统一的角度来认识"起承转合"〃说与文章连贯性的关系。其实～所谓"起"～就是启下～好的开头应能带起下文,“承”就是承上～与开头部分互相联系,“转”就是转换～接上文后转而展开(或生发、或阐述、或对比、或铺陈～等等,“合”就是收束～归结上文而使全篇首尾圆合。 以上三点就是体现在布局中的思维能力～只有布局安排合理～整个文章才能紧凑(才能无懈可击。 申论材料阅读的方法和技巧 从考试的实际情况来看～现在申论考试给定材料的字数在不断的增加～这就要求广大考生的阅读能力要不断的提高～不仅要提高阅读速度还要掌握有效的阅读方法～只有这样才能准确把握好材料方便作答。怎样才能做到有效于都材料,浙江华图公务员培训分部咨询师叶老师建议从一下5大方面入手。 第一: 带着问题阅读。要把一大堆乱七八糟的材料看成是一个整体。脑袋里要装着问题:这些材料之间的逻辑关系是怎样,不同的材料之间有什么关系,作答的问题是什么,这样我们可以在阅读过程中把与问题有关的材料进行着 重处理。 第二:对段落标号～勾画关键词或关键句。查找关键句规则: 1(首尾句原则:一般来说～写文章总是要讲究起承转合。百分之六十左右的材料都是能从首句或尾句中找到段落大意或中心思想。 2(关联词原则:比如～转折连词出现的地方～强调的一定是后面的内容～后面的内容一定引起注意。再比如～因果关系中～强调的原因的情况比较多见。 “因为……所以～虽然……但是～不但……而且～然而、同时、于是、其实、还” 3(常见词原则:在申论考试的材料中～往往涉及事件或问题的表现、原因或解决措施等问题。因此～与此相关的常见词也是经常出现。只要我们认真反思和分析历年的真题～我们就会发现～这些词出现的地方就是关键的地方。所以～我们必须要对这些词保持足够的敏感性。我们既要有政治敏锐性～又要有材料的敏锐性。 根源、危害、教育、体制、领导、法律法规、监督、落实、经验教训等等 经调查、资料显示、反映、看出、告诉、据某某讲、据报道、初步推断、分析、强调、指出、认为等等。 第三:总结段落大意。需要把握整体性原则和关联性原则。我们没有必要对每一段材料的段落大意都进行仔细推敲～只需要在理解材料的基础上对其进行整体性的把握～对其进行简单标注几个关键词即可:比如可标注“原因”、“措施”等等。这样做～既准确～又节约时间。 第四:分门别类理清脉络关系。这一步很重要～千万别忽视。要按照问题表现、问题原因、问题对策三大类将材料进行划分。这个分类的过程也是我们整理思路的过程。在这个过程中～我们要对整个材料有个总体的把握。分类可以采用横向结构、纵向结构或多层次结构。 第五:概括主要内容要注意模式表述。如:材料反映了……问题,反映的主要问题是……,说明了一个重要现象,这个问题主要表现在:,这些问题主要体现为:,这个问题主要有以下几个表现等等。 如果能够从这个思路出发～作答相关部分题就不会失分太多。要按照这个模式～尽可能的把关键词概括进去～即使逻辑性不是很好问题也不大～这一部分完全是按点给分。一般有十个左右的要点～根据阅卷的经验～能找到6,7个要点已经是很不错了。因此～一定要在有限的字数内多写关键词～而不是在组织文字上浪费时间。 2007年国考申论资料阅读和作答技巧分析 一、如何快速有效地阅读资料是对公务员的基本要求 面对政府管理的细致化和社会转型时期各种新生事物和矛盾的凸显～公共管理面对的社会信息越来越多～越来越具体～要求公务员能够在大量纷繁复杂的信息中找到问题的本质。针对这样的社会现实～从2006年起～中央国家机关申论考试的资料篇幅大大增加～去年是8000字左右～今年也是8000字左右。面对如此长的资料～许多考生在规定的时间内很难准确把握。以每分钟默读400字的速度～那么对这样的资料读一遍就需要20分钟～读两遍就需要40分钟～剩下的时间就只有110分钟作答～很显然两遍是很难准确把握资料的。因此许多考生成绩不理想。针对这样长篇幅的资料～一定要找到合适的方法～快速有效地阅读资料。以2006年为例～整个资料有一条主线～但许多考试没有抓住～那就是以主持人的提问和主持词为主线～把握D部长的讲话内容。这样的话～将能够迅速把握资料的主要内容。而2007年的申论考试～则可以通过申论要求来指导如何有效地阅读资料。以下将详述。 二、通过申论要求指导阅读资料和作答 面对长篇幅的申论资料～通过申论要求指导阅读资料～既可提高阅读速度和阅读的针对性～又可保证作答的准确性。 下面就对2007年《申论》考试的申论要求逐一进行分析。需要作出说明的是～我们仅就申论要求进行分析～不涉及申论资料～即使这样～我们也可以找到答题的方向和方法。 ,一,根据"给定材料1、2"的内容～整理一份供有关负责同志参阅的材料。(30分) 要求:概述全面～观点鲜明～条理清楚～语言流畅～不超过500字。 分析:本题要求几乎和2006年《申论》考试第一题完全一致～所不同的是今年的要求更为简单。去年是概括D部长的讲话内容～涉及到全部申论资料～今年则只涉及到材料1、2～因此考生在阅读资料的时候就要明确～第一题的答案就在材料1、2中就可以整理出来。而整理出来的东西阅读的对象是有关负责同志～因此就要求考生概括材料1、2的内容～整理出你觉得应该给领导看的东西～其实质就是考查考生的概括能力。 (二)"给定资料7"提出了"持续土地利用管理"的问题。请结合"给定资料3-7"～谈谈对"持续土地利用管理"应从哪些方面评价。(15分 分析:从要求中我们至少可以分析出如下一些信息:一是答案来自于材料3,7,二是材料3,7都是在围绕"持续土地利用管理的问题",三是评价是多方面的,四是评价就是隐藏在材料3,7中的,五是材料7可能是3,6的一个概括。基于以上六方面的分析～再去阅读材料3,7～既可达到事半功倍的效果。 (三)本题仅限报考行政执法类、市(地)以下综合管理类职位的考生作答。 1、给定资料中谈到了排土场、尾矿库的绿化～"空心村"、砖瓦窑场和工矿废弃地的整治～请概括说明这些作法的目的和意义。不超过200字。(10分) 分析:三项工作很显然是持续土地利用管理的问题～本题要求为两个层面:一是这些作法的目的,二是这些作法的意义。那么考生就应该在材料中去找寻这三项工作的相关内容～开展这三项工作的初衷是什么～意义是什么。 2、根据"给定资料6"～试分别解释"存量土地"和"地荒"的含义。(15分) 分析:本题对象明确～答题就在资料6中～通过对资料6的阅读达到两个目的～解释"存量土地"和"地荒"的含义。需要注意的是解释含义～而不是定义～不是我们所谓的性质判断。含义就是内涵～更具体地讲是对这两个词的描述。 (四)本题仅限报考省级(含副省级)以上综合管理类职位的考生作答。 1、"给定资料2"提到"把土地转让市场区分为两大类进行交易"～请进一步说明这两大类市场怎样区分～并谈谈在这两大类市场中怎样解决"农民没有权利为自己的土地定价"的问题。不超过200字。(10分) 分析:本题有两个要求～一是区分两大类市场～一是如何解决问题。就第一问题来说～资料中已经进行分类～需要考生做的就是从两类市场的特征上指出其区别。就第二问题来说～是在第一个问题的基础上～分析农民没有定价权利的表现、原因～并提出解决问题的办法。 2、假如中央有关部门成立联合检查组～对地方征用农民集体所有土地补偿费管理使用情况进行专项检查～请列出此项检查所查的主要内容。(15分) 分析:之所以要进行检查～就是要检查那些经费管理过程中经常出现的问题～这些问题已经在材料中体现～考生需要把这些问题的表现整理分类～然后回归到问题～就是检查的主要内容。 ,五,请以"命脉"为题～写一份关于土地的文章～要求:第一～参考给定资料自选角度～提出问题、解决问题。第二～观点明确～联系实际、分析具体、条理清楚、语言流畅。第三～全文不少于800字。(30分) 分析:今年是继2005年申论考试后再一次出现命题作文。既然是命题作文～就必须紧扣题目。本年的作文要求也很有意思。第一是自选角度～这一点没有新意～关键是提出问题和解决问题～这就奇怪了～因为每篇议论文都会包括提出问题、分析问题和解决问题～为什么要专门提出来～那就只能有一种解释～阅卷时将重点看问题是怎样提出的～又是怎样解决的。既然标题为"命脉"～那么结合资料～至少知道命题者的意图就是土地就是"命脉"～其重要性、延续性、反破坏性、已遭破坏的现状都就当在文章中体现。而且更为重点的、又是考生容易忽视的、但又较为容易做到的就是必须点题～那就是土地就是我们赖以生存的命脉:所以文章至少包括如下一些内容:土地就是命脉、命脉遭受破坏、破坏的原因或表现、怎样保护我们的命脉、保护我们的命脉要达到的状态或效果或者说是前景。 网友经验之谈:我复习申论的三个阶段 点击:193 来源:本站原创 发布:2006-11-29 申论的提高是需要过程的～大家都是过来人～写作文的水平哪是说提高就能提高的啊～还是面对现实～一步一个脚印最实在 第一阶段～积累～我主要是看半月谈和人民论坛的文章～看的同时做摘录～我整整写了一本,挺厚的哦,的摘录～写的过程也是加深理解的过程～同时培养了自己的语感～这个过程大概一个月,我平时要上班～所以都是业余时间完成的～可能时间会比较长, 第二阶段～练结构和列提纲～我开始动笔了～找一些申论题来做～我知道我肯定还达不到洋洋洒洒的水平～所以这个阶段我的目标就是训练文章的结构和列提纲,因为在考试中这太重要了～以前我都没重视过,～写完之后自己修改～看文章结构是否清晰～总论点分论点是否做到明确～练了五六篇下来我发现～这个目的基本可以达到了～只是内容太空～肚子里的墨水还是太少～因此又要开始充电了 第三个阶段～有目的的积累和动笔～我又开始看半月谈和人民论坛了～不过这次是分专题来看了～如资源环境～医改～商业贿赂～教育公平等～看的同时做摘录～不太容易理解的上网查相关的资料来弄懂～变为自己的东西～积累的同时我也在动笔～不过这次感觉有话说了～而且都觉得字数要求太少了～接下来就这样不断的找题来做慢慢的提高自己的水平直至考试 我在复习过程中总结的几点经验 1～千万别因为考虑这个不考那个不考而不看相关的知识背景～现在的申论题越来越倾向于综合的方向～所有的热点和背景资料几乎都是相互联系的～所以我们复习的时候也要多方面～多角度的去准备 2～一定要动笔～我一度觉得让我写东西很痛苦～不过越不写你考试的时候就越痛苦～所以要坚持多写～不过不提倡只追求量～没内容的话写再多也没意思～要注重积累以及有目的的去积累和动笔相结合 3～主题上升和围绕着大政方针来创新思维是得高分的必要条件～不过做到这层要有一定的功底～不是一朝一夕可以做到的 4～别去相信什么套话和固定模式～快速提高法～我以前都试过～作用不大～还是踏踏实实一步一步来～申论 的好的话只要不是什么特别上不了台说话的人～面试肯定不会很差～其实你复习申论的过程也是为面试做准备 因为每个人都有不同的基础～我想大家都应该总结出最适合自己的方法～别人的拿来做下参考就好. —— “把脉”中国的土地问题 西汉的贾谊有句话～说明了当时土地与人民的关系。“富者田连阡陌～贫者无立锥之地”。 可见对于人民来说～自古以来土地就是人民的命脉。而到了现代社会～土地仍然也是农民的命脉。目前～随着工业经济不断发展～城市快速扩大化的冲击～农民对土地固有的使用权在发生着各种各样的变化～在这个变化过程中～农村土地征用过程中存在的问题尤其突出。 在城市先进经济主导整体经济的时代～农村地域缩小、人口减少是必然趋势～国家的作用在于在这个城乡变迁过程最大限度地捍卫和保护农民的利益～以实现工业经济快速发展、农民利益不受损的双赢局面。那么我们应该怎样达到这种双赢的局面呢,笔者认为应从以下几个角度来考虑: 从经济学的角度看～最大的问题在于目前我国的征地赔偿与征地收益之间存在巨大的差额。这首先就不符合价值规律的原则～因为征地赔偿实际就是农民土地使用权的“价格”～而征地收益更多的是体现农民土地使用权的“价值”～ 农民土地使用权的“价格”与农民土地使用权的“价值”不相符～那么这就是一个不合理的经济现象。那么我们要怎么做呢,就是要重拾价值规律的精神和原则～同时要充分考虑到土地的价值与许多因素有关～我们要制定合理的有弹性的符合当地经济发展水平的征地赔偿制度。切实维护被征地农民的合法权益～进一步完善征地程序～着重解决征地规模过大、补偿安臵不到位、同农民协商不够等突出问题。建立补偿标准听证制度～严格按法律规定落实补偿安臵措施,补偿标准要合理公正～土地补偿费要及时到位。严厉查处拖欠、挪用、截留土地补偿费等违法行为。 从社会学的角度看～农村土地征用过程中存在的问题直接影响了农民的实际利益～引起了部分被征地农民的不满～导致了一些冲突、上访等不和谐的社会现象。对于这方面来说～我们的政府就需要做更多的协调、引导的工作了。首先从制度建设的层面～就要完善相关的土地征用和管理的制度。其次从维护农民权益的层面看～政府除了在征地时给予经济补偿外～更重要的是要解决农民在失地后的“谋生问题” ～要“急农民之所急～想农民之所想”～积极探索解决被征地农民社会保障和长远生计的有效办法～建议设立失地农民社会保障基金～专门用于失地农民的最低生活保障、养老保障、医疗保障等等。建立健全农村劳动力的培训机制～通过职业培训～进一步提高他们的素质、劳动技能和谋 生能力～还可组织农村剩余劳动力进城务工～拓宽农民增收渠道。 从环境保护的角度看～要认识到土地资源的合理利用是关系到子孙后代福址的大事。目前我国少数地区还存在着“短视”的行政行为～只着重于“开发”～而不注重“保护”。同时还存在着违法违规征地的现象。对于这方面问题～关键在于“监督”和“教育”。 “监督”是指监督各级机关、组织和个人要严格遵守我国的征地制度。“教育” 是指广大干部和群众要认识到土地资源合理使用的重要性。同时从我国国情出发～实行最严格的耕地保护制度～尤其是要重点保护基本农田～同时还要做好土地占补平衡工作～充分挖掘土地资源潜力～以促进土地资源可持续利用～保障国家粮食安全。 通过以上几个角度的分析～我们可以看到～土地实际上不仅仅是农民的命脉～也是城市居民～甚至是我们整个国家的命脉所在。现在我们的命脉在我们国家的快速发展过程中出现了一些问题～其实就如同人也会偶尔伤风感冒一样～是一个很正常的事情。而我们要做的～就是为这个社会问题好好地把把脉～找到问题的症结所在～然后对症下药～自然就能药到病除了。 土地乃生民之本。我们从“民以食为天”“江山社稷”的俗语中～可以体味到中国古人对土地的重视。我国政府历来重视土地的开发利用和保护～采取多项有力措施～取得显著成效。 近年来～随着我国城市化进程加快～大量农民集体用地被国家征用～农民利益得不到满足～引发了农民上访～甚至发生对抗事件。可见～保护土地具有极端的迫切性和重要性～它是关系到农民、社会和国家利益的根本命脉。 首先～土地是农民生活的命脉。它既是农民的生产资料～更是他们的生存依托。征地是发展的需求。工业化、城市化的历史进程～只能加快～不能停滞。但现在的问题是:不少地方不执行国家1998年修订的《土地管理法》～征地后给予农民的补偿过低～并存在拖欠补偿费问题。少地农民在传统农区基本没有生产经营活动～征地导致其生活水平下降的现象已相当普遍。失地农民“务农无地～就业无岗～社保无份”～他们生存状况受到严重的威胁。我们党提出“以人为本”～注重保护弱势群体～尤其是保护广大农民的利益不受侵犯。基于此～我们要格外重视保护维系农民生计的耕地和妥善解决失地农民的合理补偿和生活保障问题。 其次～土地是社会和谐稳定的命脉。农村的土地～法律的相关条文中写得明明白白:属于农民集体所有。然而～这“所有”的权益在现实的土地流转、征用中～都很难得到明确的宣示和充分的实现。土地出让的收益～更多地因征地垄断而沉淀为政府的财政收入～因暗箱操作而转化为商家的投资暴利～因村委会贱卖土地而转化为“村官”的“回扣”。在一场场的“征地风波”、一次次的“失地之痛”中～我们看到了资本的欲望和强势～看到了一些地方政府行政作为在政绩导向、发展导向、利益导向中的扭曲和错位～看到了失地农民的失落和无奈。有些村民不甘于失落和无奈～产生不满和愤怒～并把这种愤怒情绪转化为行动～引发众多的“风波”和群体性事件。这种由征地而引发的不同利益群体冲突的事件～直接威胁着社会的稳定～影响和谐社会的构建。可见～耕地乃是社会和谐稳定命脉之所在～必须慎重对待。 再次～土地是农业发展和国家发展的命脉。由于我国人口众多～土地的人均占有量较低。有些地方没有重视这一点～破坏土地资源环境、浪费土地的现象相当突出。如:农田质量不高,城郊耕地被占用面积过大～造成耕地荒废,建筑行业占地多～利用率低,现有工业化基地占地存在问题,大量的荒滩、废弃砖瓦窑存在等。这些问题的存在～不利于土地的可持续开发利用～阻碍农业和整个国家的可持续发展。可见～土地是农业和国家发展之命脉所在。 既然土地问题是农民、社会和国家之命脉～那么我们如何来保护好这一命脉呢, 其一～政府主管部门要继续加大土地违法查处力度～确保土地用途管制落到实处。为此～国土资源部将采取综合措施～重点查处下列案件:违反规划合同占用耕地特别是基本农田的,违反国家产业政策占用土地的,在征地过程中侵犯农民合法权益的,地方政府、部门及其领导公然违法占地的。 其二～把土地转让市场区分为两大类～即土地出让市场和转让市场～以便农民得到应有补偿。允许和支持农村集体土地在政策调控前提下～依法办理农用地转用手续后～直接进入市场～允许和鼓励农民以租赁、参股等办法参与土地收益的二次分配～获得长远稳定的投资报偿。 其三～对于被征地的农民～按照《土地管理法》规定给予补偿费用后～仍达不到原有生活水平的～政府给予补贴。 其四～对有劳动能力的失地农民～应着眼于促进其就业。在实现就业的基础上～以企业职工或灵活就业人员的身份参加城镇社会保险解决其养老、医疗等方面的保障问题～符合条件的还可按有关规定享受城市医疗救助和最低生活保障等制度。 其五～对无劳动能力的失地农民～若领取土地补偿费用后生活仍有困难的～在城市规划区以内的～可以优先考虑将其转为城镇户口～并按规定实行城镇居民最低生活保障制度和城市医疗救助制度,未转入城市户口的～符合条件的可按当地有关规定～享受农村特困户救助和农村医疗救助～还可在自愿的基础上参加新型农村合作医疗制度。 其六～有条件的地区～也可以考虑在整合养老保险、失业保障和最低生活保障等功能的基础上～为失地农民建立基本生活保障。通过失地农民个人缴费、集体扶持和政府适当补助的方式～建立失地农民基本生活保障基金～在农民失地后逐月向其发放基本生活费～保障其生活。 综上所述～土地是农民、社会和国家利益的根本命脉所在～不可小视。尤其在当前的社会转型期～我们要按照科学发展观和构建和谐社会的要求～采取多种有效措施～反对非法圈占土地～保护耕地～维护农民、社会和国家的根本利益～为实现全面小康社会的宏伟目标而努力奋斗: 2007年中央国家机关公务员考试申论答案要点 一、 根据“给定材料1、2”的内容～整理一份供有关负责同志参阅的材料。,30分, 要求:概述全面～观点鲜明～条理清楚～语言流畅～不超过500字。 近年来～随着我国城市化进程加快～大量农民集体用地被国家征用～农民利益得不到满足～引发了农民上访～甚至对抗事件。该问题能否妥善解决直接影响到农民生活、农村发展、农业稳定。 河北北焦村土地征用基本情况为:第一～几乎所有耕地都已被占用～目前仅余30多亩耕地,第二～农民获得补偿费用过低～无法满足农民的损失。 西营村土地征用基本情况为:第一～补偿费用低。第二～目前为止职业技术学校只付给西营村补偿费用总额的1/3。第三～村委会违反《农村委员会组织法》～贱卖土地。第四～上访。 由以上两个村的土地征用情况可以看出～改革开放以来～我国农村土地征用问题虽取得了很大的进步～但仍存在很多问题。主要表现为:首先～城郊耕地被占用面积过大～造成耕地荒废。其次～政府低价征收、高价出售～从中获利。1998年修定的《土地管理法》规定～征用土地的补偿费用包括土地补偿费、安臵补助费、以及地上附着物和青苗的补偿。该法还规定～以上补贴仍不能满足农民需要的～可以增加安臵补助费。法律虽规定了农民的补偿制度～但补偿费用过低～失去土地的农民在得到有限的经济补偿后～缺少持续生存的出路。再次～存在拖欠农民土地补偿费问题。第四～村委会贱卖土地～农民没有权利为自己的土地定价。第五～农村的土地纠纷严惩影响了社会稳定和发展、失地农民多。 有专家认为造成农村土地征用问题的原因主要是:补偿不足以农民创业、政府没有为他们建立合理的安臵和社会保障制度。 我国政府已下发《关于深化改革严格土地管理的决定》～规范审批权～并对补偿作了新的承诺:补偿已达到法定上限仍不足以使用权农民保持原有生活水平的～政府可以用国有土地有偿使用收入予以补贴。也有专家认为将土 地转让市场区分为两面大类进行交易～可以得到农民得到应有补偿。 二、“给定资料7”提出了“持续土地利用管理”的问题。请结合“给定资料3-7”～谈谈对“持续土地利用管理”应从哪些方面评价。,15分, 要求:分条作答～简明扼要～不超过150字。 第一～有效利用方面。,一,农村土地资源消耗量,,二,土地复垦成效,,三,商品住房建设用地是否做到“控制大户型、低密度住房～坚决停止别墅建设”,,四,土地的再利用和再调整,,五,土地闲臵情况,,六,量化建设用地的规模。 第二～保护土地资源方面。,一,防止土地资源退化,,二,不断提高土地质量,,三,保持土地利用的连续性～这一点主要可以从土地利用方式、企业生产措施来评价,,四,有限开发土地,,五,施肥、灌溉和其他保护生态环境的措施。 三、 本题仅限报考行政执法类、市,地,以下综合管理类职位的考生作答。 1、 给定资料中谈到了排土场、尾矿库的绿化～“空心村”、砖瓦窑场和工矿废弃地的整治～请概括说明这些作法的目的和意义。不超过200字。,10分, 第一～加快复垦消化存量、工矿废弃地～新增工矿废弃地得到及时复垦。 第二～在保护和改善生态环境的前提下～适度开发宜耕土地后备资源。 第三～整治“排土场、空心村”等工作是贯彻土地管理法的关键内容之一。 第四～保护土地的可持续性发展能力。 2、 根据“给定资料6”～试分别解释“存量土地”和“地荒”的含义。,15分, 存量用地～是指现有城乡建设用地范围内的闲臵未利用土地和利用不充分、不合理、产出低的土地～即具有开发利用潜力的现有城乡建设用地。 地荒～是指建设用地土地供应量不足的问题。 四、 本题仅限报考省级,含副省级,以上综合管理类职位的考生作答。 1、“给定资料2”提到“把土地转让市场区分为两大类进行交易”～请进一步说明这两大类市场怎样区分～并谈谈在这两大类市场中怎样解决“农民没有权利为自己的土地定价”的问题。不超过200字。,10分, 土地转让市场的两大类是指土地的出让和转让市场。 2、假如中央有关部门成立联合检查组～对地方征用农民集体所有土地补偿费管理使用情况进行专项检查～请列出此项检查所查的主要内容。,15分, 对地方征用农民集体所有土地补偿费管理使用情况进行专项检查的主要内容包括: 第一～土地面积。 第二～征地价格。 第三～被征地农民近三年平均产值。 第四～土地的出售价格。 第五～兴建项目。 第六～农民补助是否到位。 五、请以“命脉”为题～写一篇关于土地问题的文章。,30分, 要求:1、参考给定资料～自选角度～提出问题～解决问题。 2、 观点明确～联系实际～分析具体～条理清楚～语言流畅。 3、全文不少与800字。 参考例文题纲: 标题:命脉 第一部分:提出论题 第一段:提出问题～简要分析原因。近年来～随着我国城市化进程加快～大量农民集体用地被国家征用～农民利益得不到满足～引发了农民上访～甚至对抗事件。 ,1, 土地资源不能得到合理有效的利用～土地价值难以有效发挥。,2,土地征用补偿标准不合理～单纯从短期来考虑农民以后的生活保障问题～忽略了农民对土地所拥有的土地发展权。,3,农地征用程序不规范～将农民臵之度外。 该问题能否妥善解决直接影响到农民生活、农村发展、农业稳定。 第二段:提出论点。坚持可持续发展～用法律手段规范农地征用用途～以市场为导向完善农地征用补偿政策～建立一套完备的农地征用体系是眼前的当务之急。 第二部分:分析问题 第三段:用法律手段规范征地制度～解决土地征用问题的意义:土地征用不仅关系到农民集体的切身利益～也是关乎整个社会经济稳定健康发展的大事。 第三部分: 第四段:解决土地的对策: ,1,从法律上对公共利益的范围作出明确界定～从而限制土地征用权～提高土地征用的效率。,2,确立合理的补偿标准。,3,完善耕地征用程序。 第四部分:结尾 【返回上一页】 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.