高中英语必修4unit 1课件

高中英语必修4unit 1 课件 超市陈列培训课件免费下载搭石ppt课件免费下载公安保密教育课件下载病媒生物防治课件 可下载高中数学必修四课件打包下载 高中英语必修4 Unit 1 Women of achievement 一、日常口语突破 描述他人与应答 ?—What does he look like? 他是个怎么样的人, —He is helpful and unselfish. 他乐于助人且大公无 私。 ?—How do her friends describe her? 她的朋友如何 描述她, —She is considerate and energetic. 她考虑周到且精 力充沛。 二、核心单词例析 1. achieve vt. 获得(成就等);达到(目的)，完成(心愿) She achieved fame at the age of nineteen. 她十九岁时就成名了。 He’ll never achieve anything if he doesn’t work. 如果他不努力，就会一无所成。 I have achieved only half of what I’d hoped to do. 我只完成了我原想完成的一半。 They have achieved their goal. 他们已经达到了目的。 2. behave v. 行为，举止; 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现好，听话 She behaves as if she were a man. 她的举止像个男人。 The boy behaved very well last night. 孩子昨天晚上表现挺好。 Tell him to behave, or I’ll fix him. 告诉他规矩 点，否则我要收拾他。 Please behave yourself. 请礼貌点儿。 搭配:well-behaved children有礼貌的孩子;ill/`badly-behaved people不礼貌的人 3. worthwhile adj. 值得的，值得干的，值得花时间/金钱/精力的 (1)可作定语、表语和宾语补足语。如: Nursing is a very worthwhile career. 护理是很值得干的职业。(定语) The visit to Paris is worthwhile. 去巴黎访问是值得的。(表语) I think it worthwhile to read the book. 我认为看那本书是值得的。(宾补) (2)用于It is worthwhile doing /to do sth. 句型。如: It is worthwhile reading /to read the book. = Reading /To read the book is worthwhile. 这本书值得看。 比较:The book is worth reading. =The book is worthy of being read. = The book is worthy to be read. 这本书值得看。 This is a book worth reading. =This is a book worthy of being read. = This is a book worthy to be read.这是一本值得读的书。 vt. 遵守，说，观察，观测， 4. observe We must observe the rules of the road. 我们必须遵守交通规则。 He observed (to me) that he did not feel well. 他(对我)说他觉得不太舒服。 I observed them entering /enter the bank. 我看到他们进了银行。 5. respect vt. 尊重(人、意见等)，敬佩，遵守(法律等) We should learn to respect others. 我们要学会尊重别人。 You ought to respect his opinions. 你应当尊重他的意见。 I respect his courage. =I respect him for his courage. 我敬佩他的勇气。 We must respect the laws of a country we are in. 我们必须遵守所在国家的法律。 6. inspire vt. 鼓舞，使产生，启发 (1)鼓励，激励(=encourage)[可接sb. to (do) sth ] His words inspired all of us. 他说的话使我们都受到鼓舞。 He inspired me to work hard. 他鼓励我努力学习。 He inspired me to greater efforts. 他鼓励我加倍努力。 (2)注入，激起，使产生[后接sth. in /into sb.或sb. with sth.] He inspires self-confidence in /into his students. 他使学生产生了自信。 He inspires his students with self-confidence. (3) 启发，促成 We should inspire the children to think. 我们要启发儿童思考。 His wife inspired his first novel. 他妻子让他有了写第一部小说的灵感。 7. support vt. 支持，鼓励;支撑，承受;供养;证 实 He refused to support us. 他拒不支持我们。 He has a large family to support. 他要抚养一大家人。 These posts support the roof. 这些柱子支撑着房顶。 Can you give some examples to support your argument? 你能举几个例子来证实你的论点吗? vi. & vt. 突然想到，给人以某种印象，打8. strike 动 If a better idea strikes you, let me know. 如果你想到更好的办法，就告诉我。 It strikes me (=I think) that we should stay here for the night. 我想我们应在这里过夜。 How does the film strike you? (= What do you think of the film?)你觉得这个计划怎么样, I was struck by her beauty? 我被她的美貌所打动。 此外，请体会strike在下列句中的意义与用法: The stone stuck him in the eye. 石头打中了他的眼睛。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 The clock has struck (three). 钟刚敲过(三点)。 The ship struck a rock. 船触礁了。 He stuck a light /match. 他划燃一根火柴。 The miners struck for better working conditions. 矿工为争取改善工作条件而罢工。 We must prevent the disease striking again. 我们要防止这种疾病再次发生。 9. explain vt. 解释，说明 Can you explain why you were late? 你能解释一下你为什么迟到吗, The lawyer explained the new law to us. 律师向我们解释了新法律。 搭配:explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某事。 10. deliver vt. 接生，生，递送(信件等)，发表(演说等) The doctor delivered her baby. 医生为她接生。 She was delivered of a healthy boy. 她生了一个健康的男孩。 We deliver newspapers. 我们每天送报上门。 He delivered a speech. 他发表了演说。 He delivered himself of his opinion. 他发表了自己的意见。 三、关键短语精讲 1. concern oneself with /about关心，忙于 She concerned herself with welfare projects„她关心福利事业„„ She should concern herself with your health. 她应关心你的身体。 联想:be concerned with /about关心，担心;与„„有关 He’s much concerned about your studies. 他非常 关心你的学习。 I was very concerned about my mother’s illness. 我十分担心母亲的病情。 Who else are concerned with that matter? 还有谁与这件事有关, 2. devote„to„把„„奉献给„„ devote的宾语一般是时间、金钱、精力、生命等;to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接不定式。如: She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. 她把毕生奉献给了中国妇女儿童工作。 He devoted all his free time to playing the piano. 他把所有业余时间都用来弹钢琴。 She devoted herself to helping the poor. 她献身于帮助穷人。 注:devote是及物动词，若无宾语，必然是:be devoted to (致力于，专心于，深爱，忠诚于) He used to be devoted to her. 他过去是很爱她的。 He is very devoted to his wife. 他非常忠于他的妻子。 He was devoted to Pure Science. 他专心致志于纯科学。 真 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 :Her son, to whom she was so ______, went abroad ten years ago. (上海) A. loved B. cared C. devoted D. affected 解析:选C。句意是“她深爱的儿子10年前出国了。” 3. argue for据理主张，赞成，为„„辩护 The lawyer argues for the poor man. 律师为这可怜的人辩护。 He argued for the plan. 他赞成/反对这个计划。 相关短语:argue against据理反对;argue with sb. about sth.就某事和某人争论;argue sb. into /out of doing sth.说服某人去/不做某事 He argued with Mary about the matter. 他和玛丽争论过这件事。 I argued him into /out of going. 我说服他去/不去了。 4. catch sb.’s eye/attention引起某人注意 One of the articles caught my eye. 其中一篇文章引起了我的注意。 A newspaper headline caught his eye. 报纸的大标题吸引了他的注意。 5. care for 照料，喜欢 (1)宾语是人或动物时，可表示 “喜欢，爱 (=like, love)”“照料 (= look after, take care of)”，可用于肯定、否定或疑问句。如: He cares for her deeply. 他深深地爱着她。 They cared for the child day and night. 他们日夜照看这个孩子。 (2)宾语是物时，表示“喜欢(like)，愿意”，没有被动式，只用于否定句或疑问句，且常与would连用，也可接sb. to be„ 如: Would you care for some tea? 你要喝点茶吗, I don’t care much for music. 我不太喜欢音乐。 I wouldn’t care for him to be my partner. 我不 愿意让他做我的合作伙伴。 6. intend„for„是为某人而准备的，打算使某人成为„„ I intended (=meant) that for you. 我本来打算把那个给你的。 The flowers were intended for you. 那些花是准备送给你的。 He was intended for a teacher. (他家人)打算让他当教师。 7. second to„次于，亚于，不如 一般用于second to none (=the best)“最好的，首屈一指的，比谁都好”。如: As a football player John is second to none. 作为足球运动员，约翰是最棒的。 8. can not wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要做某事 I couldn’t wait to find out more about her. 我 迫不及待要更多了解有关她的情况。 9. choose to do宁愿;偏要; 决定 郑伟家庭教育讲座全集个人独资股东决定成立安全领导小组关于成立临时党支部关于注销分公司决定 He chose to fly rather than drive. 他选择乘飞机去而不是开车去。 His parents chose to settle in the countryside. 他父母决意在乡下定居。 10. mean doing意为着做某事 This new order means (us) working overtime. 这一新订单意味着(我们)加班加点。 比较:mean to do 打算做某事 He means to be a teacher. 他打算做个教师。 注:接不定式与接动名词意义有别的还有remember, forget, regret, try, stop, go on, can’t help等。 11. be determined to do sth. 下定决心要做某事 He is determined to learn English well.他下定决心要学好英语。 12. look down upon/on 看不起(think of„less important) Many people look down upon the poorer people of the world. 很多人看不起世间较穷的人。 He looks down on people who have never been to university. 他看不起没上过大学的人。 13. be considered as被看作，被认为是 If the word is considered as a whole, use a singular verb. 如果单词“组”被看作一个整体，用单数动词。 14. be made up of由„„组成 The government is made up of six high officials. 这届内阁由六位高官组成。 A car is made up of many different parts. 一辆汽车由许多不同零件组成。 四、重要句型详解 1. leave sb. doing sth. 让某人处于做某事的过程中 或状态中 Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain. 不 要让他在外面雨中等着。 His letter left me feeling pretty bad. 他的信让 我感到很难受。 He left the light burning. 他让灯一直亮着。 真题:Don’t leave the water _____while you brush your teeth. (天津) A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 解析:选B。句意是“你刷牙时，不要让水一直哗哗地 流着。” 2. 以“only +状语”的倒装句式 only加作状语的副词、介词短语或从句等放在句首，可 引起部分倒装。所谓部分倒装就是与一般疑问句的句式相 同，即若句中有情态动词、助动词或be时，将其移到主语 前，若没有这些词，就在主语前加do, does, did, 注意加 does或did后，谓语动词要改为原形。如: Only then did I realize I was wrong. 只有到那时 我才意识到自己错了。 Only in this way can you learn English well. 只 有用这种方法你才能学好英语。 真题:Only after my friend came ______. (福建) A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computer C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired 解析:only加状语从句(after my friend came)置于句 首，要用部分倒装;又因the computer与repair是被动关 系，要用被动语态;有be时，要将且只能将be移到主语前， 只有C正确。 3. It seems that /as if„似乎，好像 It seems to me that he have caught a cold. (=He seems to me to have a cold.)我看他似乎感冒了。 It seems as if we shall have to walk. 似乎我们得 步行了。 五、课文难句剖析 1. This means going back to a place where we left the chimp family sleeping in a tree the night before. 剖析:This means going back„(这意味着返回)是主 句;where引导的是一个定语从句，修饰a place;定语从 句中有一个句型leave„doing„(让某人或某物处于做某事 的过程中或状态中) 译文:这意味着我们又要回到头天晚上我们让黑猩猩在 一个树上睡觉的那个地方去。 2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 剖析:after引导的是时间状语从句，“only+状语从句” 放在主句前，主句要用部分倒装，所以was放到了主语she 前面;the first few months意为“在前几个月里”，allow„to do sth.意为“使„„得以/能够做某事”，句中was allowed to sth.是其被动式。 译文:她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开 始自己的计划。 3. For forty years Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. 剖析:句中的has been helping是现在完成进行时，现 在完成时由“have /has been +现在分词”构成，表示从过 去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作或存在的状态，强调 现在依然在进行，并还可能继续延续下去。又如The Chinese have been making paper for over 2,000 years. 中国人造 纸有2000多年了。 译文:40年来，简?古多尔帮助世人了解并尊重这些动 物的生活。 六、语法知识归纳 主谓一致归纳 1. 集合名词的主谓一致 (1)family, class, group, team, government, audience, army, enemy, club, committee, company等集合名词作主语， 若作为一个整体来看待，谓语动词用单数;若作为组成这个 集合体的各个成员，谓语动词用复数。 (2)people (人，人们)，cattle(牛)，the police等作 主语，谓语动词用复数。 The police are looking for the murderer. 警察正在 寻找凶手。 (3)指一类人的the rich /poor /old /young /living /dead /weak /strong /sick /blind /wounded /killed /injured /unemployed等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The old don’t always understand the young. 老年 人并不总能理解年青人。 (4)population作主语谓语动词通常用单数，但前面有 分数或百分数，且表语是复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。 Zhang’s family is rather big, with twelve people in all. 张的家庭是挺大的，总共有12个人。(看 作整体) Zhang’s family are watching TV. 张一家人在看电视。(组成整体的成员) 2. 并列结构的主谓一致 (1)由and连接的两个名词作主语，谓语动词一般用复数， 但若指的是同一个人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单 数;若是and前后的名词前都有every, each, no时，谓语 动词用单数。如: A teacher and a writer were present at the meeting. 有一个教师和一个作家出席了这个会议。 A teacher and writer was present at the meeting. 一个教师兼作家出席了这个会议。 Each boy and each girl has a dictionary. 每一个同学都有一本词典。 (2)由both„and„连接的主语，谓语动词用复数;但由not only„but also„, either„or„, neither„nor„等 连接主语时，谓语动词与最接近的那个主语一致。如: Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了。 Are either you or I wrong? 是你错了还是我错了, (3)“A， with /along with /together with / like /including /but /except /besides /rather than /as well as，B”作主语时，谓语动词与A一致。如: Kate, rather than his brothers, lives in Paris. 是凯特而不是她兄弟住在伦敦。 (4)在there be结构中，若be后至少有两个并列名词时，be一般应与最靠近的一个名词一致。如: There is a girl and two boys in the room. 房子里有一个女孩和两个男孩。 3. 不定代词的主谓一致 (1)谓语动词用单数的情况:由some,, any―, every―, no―和,body, ―one, ―thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时;each, the other, another, either, neither等作主语时;one of加复数名词，many a加单数名词作主语时。 I wonder if anybody wants to come home. 我不知道有没有人想回去。 (2)none, neither, either, any后接“of，复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数(正式)或复数(非正式)都可以。如: Neither of my friends has /have come yet. 我的两个朋友都没来。 (3)all, the rest等用主语时，谓语由它们所指的意义决定。若all, most, some, half, part, the rest及分数或百分数后接“of，名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与名词或代词的数一致。如: Some of the money has been stolen. 有些钱被人偷了。 Some of the books were lost. 有些书丢失了。 (4)the number of 加复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数;a (large) number of加复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。 (5)“a lot of /lots of /plenty of /a large quantity of /a large amount of +名词”作主语，谓语动词的数与名词的数一致;但“(large /huge) quantities /amounts of 名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用复数。如: The number of students is increasing. 学生的数目在增加。 4. 其它四种情况的主谓一致 (1)定语从句中的关系代词作主语，谓语动词的数由先行词的数决定;若先行词是“one of+复数名词”，用复数，若是“the (only) one of+复数名词”，用单数。如: I, who am old, have never seen such a thing. 我年虽老了，却从未见过这样的事。 He is one of the students who come from England. 他是来自于英国的学生之一。 (2)以s结尾的名词作主语分三种情况:?news, maths, physics, politics, plastics(塑料学), Great Expectations《远大前程》，the United States (美国)等学科、书名、国名等作主语，谓语动词用单数;?trousers, glasses, shoes, stockings, things(情况), feelings, surroundings (环境), the Olympic Games, goods(货物)等作主语时，谓语动词用复数;?means(方法，手段), works(工作)等复数与单数同形的名词作主语时，要根据他们所指来确定。如: Maths is my favorite subject. 数学是我最喜欢的学科。 Things are getting worse and worse.情况越来越糟。 All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的方法都试过了。 (3)非谓语动词和主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如: Learning /To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语是不容易的。 What you said was right. 你所说的是对的。 (4)被看作一个整体的时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数;但若是与spend, waste, pass 等动词连用时，则用复数。如: Fifty years isn’t a long time.五十年是很长一段时 间。 Five days have passed. 五年过去了。 七、背景知识介绍 居里夫人:原子能时代的开创者之一，世界上第一个两次诺贝尔奖获得者。民族的压迫，社会的冷遇，生活的贫困，激发了她的爱国热忱。她顽强刻苦地学习，废寝忘食地研究，过着勤俭朴素的生活，为人类发现了世界的奥秘。从而成为现代原子物理学的第一位奠基人。 她时刻不忘自己的祖国，用波兰命名第一个新发现的元素“铬”，另一个新元素为“镭”。 她发现镭后，为了使镭尽快服务人民，公开镭的提取方法，拒绝申请专利。在第一次世界大战期间，为了救护伤员，居里夫人把X射线设备装到汽车上，奔走在战场各处巡回医疗，挽救了大批伤员的性命。 她光辉的一生足以照亮她所生活的那个时代。她给我们以深刻的教益和启迪。她的生命停止了，然而她的吃苦耐劳、不畏艰难、勇于攀登、脚踏实地的忘我精神，以及她为人类创建的丰功伟绩，是永远不会磨灭的。