和平演变（Peaceful evolution）

和平演变（Peaceful evolution） 和平演变(Peaceful evolution) Peaceful evolution is a kind of "surpassing containment strategy" adopted by western capitalist countries for socialist countries, so as to cause the collapse and collapse of socialist countries. "Peaceful evolution" is a process of non violent derivative change. The western capitalist countries in the use of force of aggression can not be eliminated under the condition of socialist countries, through the use of technical exchanges, cultural exchanges, influence the psychology and behavior of people in socialist countries, and thus make the socialist country life style, national capitalism into operation, thereby eliminating the socialist countries in silence. [edit this paragraph] origin The term appeared in the cold war in the 50-60 World War II, and was proposed by Dulles, a member of the United States Congress, in early 1950s. Because it was not a war, so called "peaceful evolution". Western countries with loans, trade, technology and other means to induce pressure in Eastern Europe, forcing them to move closer to the west, to the "peaceful evolution of capitalism". According to Nixon's interpretation, a "peaceful evolution" strategy "the basic idea is to find a way to sneak across, and bypass the iron curtain" for a "peaceful competition" in two between the system, "the competition will promote their system of peaceful evolution", in order to make "communism from internal disintegration". From the past practice, the peaceful evolution has the following ways: the first way is to take the bourgeois ideology as the core of ideological infiltration. The United States has set up two large radio broadcasting stations in Western Europe devoted to political and cultural infiltration in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Socialist Countries - Radio Free Europe and radio free". The two station publicly acknowledged that its main task and purpose is to start from the interests of the United States, the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries people especially the youth "the spread of international and Soviet Union and Eastern European countries in the major information", introduced the western social achievements, life and values, to promote the "freedom of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe" and "the principle of human rights are respected", "respect for human rights and the principles of democracy, respect for freedom of expression" and "to promote the free exchange of ideas". The second way is to disintegrate, and pressure induced, inciting ethnic emotions, support the socialist countries internal opposition, and use economic means to induce the socialist countries to accept Western pressure conditions, prone to economic sanctions threat. The United States and other western countries always watched in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union's internal movements, for example, when the Poland Solidarity Union was established in 1980, the "The Associated Press" and "Reuters" Radio Free Europe are touted. In 1982, after Poland announced the ban on solidarity, the United States immediately announced economic sanctions on Poland in July 12, 1983, the United States Air on July 1987, the president of the United States Congress approved a $1 million allowance on the decision of Poland's former trade union organizations at the grassroots level, to support and solidarity from secretly becomes completely open. In the process of upheaval in Poland, western countries, such as the United States, Britain and France, exerted great pressure on the socialist government of Poland, and gave great support to the Solidarity trade unions. From here we can see that the western strategy of "peaceful evolution" for socialism is an important factor in the upheaval in eastern europe. The "cold war", Khrushchev led the Soviet Union also hopes to "peaceful evolution", the western countries can "peace in socialism" theory, therefore, the Communist Party of China to give Khrushchev a rebuttal from the Sino Soviet ideology, the problem of conflict and controversy, China said that the Soviet Union became "revisionist", the Sino Soviet split. [edit this paragraph] Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping looked at peaceful evolution "Peaceful evolution" is a long-term strategy for the west to subvert socialist countries. After the end of the Second World War, with the emergence of the socialist camp, the American nuclear monopoly was broken, NATO and the Warsaw Pact of two military groups, the cold war began on an unprecedented scale. Western politicians realize, through a real "hot" is not only difficult to defeat the socialist countries, and the cost of the war is the western countries themselves are difficult to bear, then, with Dulles and Kennan as the representative of a number of Western politicians, diplomats, put forward the "peaceful evolution" strategy of socialist countries. They attempted to contact with socialist countries, Western values, ideology and life style, influence and transform the people of socialist countries, especially in the second and third generation of young people's thinking, the socialist countries of capitalism gradually become harmless, and gradually evolved into the West and "free world". In fact, the capitalist countries led by the United States have stepped up their policy of "peaceful evolution". Marx and Lenin pointed out long ago, In the primary stage of socialism, there is the danger of capitalist restoration. The first generation of leaders of the Chinese Communist Party headed by Mao Zedong maintained vigilance against the "peaceful evolution". From Mao Zedong to Deng Xiaoping, the whole Party has been reminded to pay attention to this point. Practice is the standard to test the truth. The great changes of the Soviet Union in 90s fully proved that Mao Zedong's theory of preventing peaceful evolution is of great significance to the socialism of the contemporary world! A point of view in the theoretical front of the University in October 2007, which illustrates Mao Zedong's systematic theory of preventing "peaceful evolution". The article pointed out: how to build socialism, how to promote the development of socialism in the exploration, Mao Zedong is still thinking of another fundamental problem, namely how to prevent the degeneration of socialism to the failure of that problem. When will the countrywide victory, Mao Zedong in the Communist Party of China in the second Plenary Session of the 7th CPC Central Committee about the democratic revolution to socialist transformation can peace when it said: "if the country, mainly is the people's Liberation Army and our party corruption continues, the proletariat cannot grasp the state power, it is still a problem." To prevent such a situation, he issued a warning of "Two Musts". In the late 50s of the last century, Mao Zedong was first aware of the danger of the imperialist forces' peaceful evolution strategy towards the socialist countries. In November 1959, he said, "the peaceful change that Dulles calls" is to transform our countries, engage in subversive activities, and move internally to his ideals. And Dulles's peaceful evolution has a certain social base in socialist countries. In January 1964, he publicly exposed American imperialism, "trying to carry out peaceful evolution to socialist countries and adopted capitalist restoration."". In June of the same year, he further pointed out: "imperialism says that there is no hope for our first generation and the second generation. How about the third generation and the fourth generation?". Imperialism doesn't work well I don't want it to be spiritual, but it can also be spiritual. Under what circumstances does Mao Zedong think that imperialism might succeed in this scheme? He said: "if we and our offspring can enhance vigilance, can gradually improve people's awareness, education of socialism has not done deep penetration, all levels of leadership is not master in Marx's hands, and was usurped by the revisionists, our country also may have to walk a road to the restoration of capitalism". In order to avoid this historical tragedy, Mao Zedong and his comrades put forward many important ideas in the process of summing up the experience and lessons of the Soviet union. Such as: (1) we must adhere to the basic principles of socialism. The initial stage is also exploring for China situation in the construction of the socialist road, Mao Zedong points out that we should take warning from the Soviet Union, to strengthen the independent thinking at the same time, it points out the importance of adhering to the principle of extreme revolution of October. In 1957, Mao Zedong put forward six political criteria, we must insist on the political life in China is conducive to the unity of the people of all ethnic groups; is conducive to socialist transformation and socialist construction; to strengthen the people's democratic dictatorship; conducive to the consolidation of democratic centralism; consolidate the leadership of the Communist Party of Chinese; is conducive to international solidarity of socialist international unity and peace loving people of the world. Of these six standards, the most important are the socialist road and the leadership of the party two". So, he put the development of socialism and the socialist organicly, for the party and the people to judge people talk and action principle is, improve the preventing "peaceful evolution" vigilance and consciously safeguard the party's leadership and the socialist road, pointing out the direction. (two) it is necessary to prevent the formation of privileged and aristocratic classes within the Communist Party and in the ranks of cadres. In the early 60s of the last century, Mao Zedong pointed out sharply: "there is such a special stratum in the ranks of Soviet cadres."." "They have the power, the power and the wealth, especially the broad masses of the people and the general cadres."." They became the main social basis for Khrushchev's revisionism. Khrushchev's systematic mistaken view is to represent their interests and demands. He believes that such problems also exist in China, but fortunately "we are beginning to recognize and resolve."." It should be noted that due to the existence of the influence of the bourgeoisie, a very small number of weak willed persons in the party and state cadres are corrupt and difficult to solve and difficult to solve. However, if the party and the country's cadres form a privileged stratum and aristocracy, then the nature of the problem will become serious, and the party and state power will really face the risk of deterioration. Therefore, Mao Zedong stressed that in order to destroy the official wind, Let cadres merge with the masses and prevent the formation of the privileged stratum and aristocracy, we must eliminate all mistakes in work, style and institution". Since the reform and opening up, the Central Committee has repeatedly stressed the need to prevent the formation of "vested interests group", which is completely in line with Mao Zedong's ideas. Mao Zedong and that the party and our cadres in the ruling position, in order to prevent themselves from the masses to discipline, in addition to ideals and beliefs, should adhere to the Communist must also be strict with oneself, accept supervision from all sides. "The main members of the Communist Party are the working people and the party members," he said. "There are also democratic parties.". "Because a party with a man, great need to hear different voices, so" the Democratic Party is more beneficial to us". These propositions still have important guiding significance today. (three) we must train successors to the socialist cause. In view of the imperialist forces in the "peaceful evolution" of hope in China's third generation and fourth generations, Mao Zedong said, "we must prepare for the future, we must train revolutionary successors."." "How to prevent revisionism and how to train proletarian revolutionary successors?"" Mao Zedong said: "I think there are five:" first, we should educate cadres to understand some Marxism Leninism, and know a little better." The second must seek the interests of the majority of the people, the majority of the Chinese people, and the interests of the majority of the people of the world". "The third must be able to unite the majority of the people", including those who have opposed themselves and against the wrong". Fourth, have something to tell Comrades talk "," democratic, "don't What I say goes."". Fifth, I made mistakes and criticized myself". Do not always think that you are right, as if the truth is in your hand". He also pointed out that the "proletarian revolutionary successors should always grow in the strong wind and big waves." Mao Zedong is convinced that as long as the successors of the socialist cause in the struggle of millions of practice gradually grew up, people can really get to consolidate the regime, the cause of socialism can really get healthy development; and the imperialist forces of "peaceful evolution" Chinese plot will eventually was completely bankrupt. History shows that, in the international communist movement, Mao Zedong was the first to detect the danger of the "peaceful evolution" strategy of Western hostile forces, and called on Communists to fight against such dangers. The subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union and the upheaval in Eastern Europe proved how predictable his thoughts were and how important and far-reaching it was for the persistence and development of China's socialist cause. While advocating reform and opening up and promoting modernization, Deng Xiaoping also explicitly raised the question of "adhering to socialism and preventing peaceful evolution". He warned people: "the west is fighting a third world war without smoke.". The so-called "no smoke", that is, the peaceful evolution of socialist countries." He also contacted imperialism and placed his hopes on our later generations. This situation stressed that we should be sober on this issue, we should pay attention to training people, and we should build our party well. It is obvious that these thoughts are the inheritance and development of Mao Zedong's strategic thought of preventing peaceful evolution.