专利翻译基本术语及句型

技术领域Field of the Invention 背景技术Background of the Invention 发明 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 Summary of Invention 附图说明Brief Description of the Drawings 具体实施方式Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments 权利要求书Claims 说明书Specifications 说明书附图Drawings 本实用新型涉及一种…, ,具体涉及一种…The present utility model relates to a…., and more particularly, to a…. 专利翻译基本术语及句型表达 专利的主要结构 [19]中华人民共和国国家知识产权局[19] State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic of China [12]实用新型专利说明书[12] Specifications of Utility Model Patent [21]专利号[21] Patent No. [45] 授权公告日[45]Date of Authorized Announcement: [11] 授权公告号[11]: Authorized Announcement No.: [22] 申请日[22] Application date: [74] 专利代理机构[74] Patent agency [21] 申请号[21] Application No. 代理人Agent: [73]专利权人[73] Patentee: [72] 发明人[72] Designer: 权利要求书1页One page of Claims, 说明书3页Three pages of Specifications 附图1页One page of Drawings 54] 实用新型名称[54]Name of Utility Model [57] 摘要[57]Abstract 说明书Specifications 权利要求书Claims 技术领域Field of the Invention 背景技术Background of the Invention 发明内容Description of the Invention 附图说明Brief Introduction of the Drawings 具体实施方式Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments 说明书附图Drawings 专利的典型表达 本实用新型涉及一种…, ,具体涉及一种…The present utility model relates to a…., and more particularly, to a…. 由于采用了上述技术 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 Due to the adoption of the technical scheme 它是在现有技术的基础上进行改进而实现的 The utility model is realized on the basis of the modification of the prior art 本实用新型由于采用上述结构Because the utility model adopts the structure 本实用新型较之原有Compared with the prior art 其技术特征为The technique is characterized in that 通过上述结构by the structure 本实用新型由于采用上述结构特征Because the utility model adopts the structure characteristics 本装置使用时When the device is in use 在使用本实用新型时When the utility model is used 由于采用以上技术方案Due to the adoption of the technical scheme 由于采用如上的 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 方案Due to the adoption of the above design scheme 由于采用了上述的解决方案Due to the adoption of the solution 通过以上改进方案by the improved scheme 本实用新型实现后After the utility model is realized 技术特征是The technique is characterized in that 本实用新型与已有技术相对照Compared with the prior art 本实用新型克服现有技术存在的不足The utility model overcomes the defects existing in the prior art 本装置的主要结构是The primary structure of the device is that 本实用新型由于采用了上述结构Because the utility model adopts the structure 本实用新型较之现有技术Compared with the prior art 本实用新型同已有的技术相比Compared with the prior art 由于设计科学合理Due to the scientific and rational design 由于采用以上结构Due to the adoption of the structure 通过上述技术方案by the technical scheme 该装置与已有技术相比Compared with the prior art 该装置使用时When using 本实用新型在使用中When the utility model is in use 本实用新型与已有技术比Compared with the prior art 由于采用了上述技术解决方案Due to the adoption of the technical solution 本实用新型正常工作时When the utility model is in normal work 本实用新型与现技术相比Compared with the prior art 本实用新型克服了已有技术存在的缺点The utility model overcomes the defects of the existing technology 它的特点在于which is characterized in that 主要技术特点是The technical feature is 由于上述结构Due to the above structure 由于采用以上结构改进Due to the adoption of the improved structure 其最主要的特点是The utility model has the main advantage that 本实用新型具有优点是The utility model has the advantages of 该装置的特点是The device is characterized in that 本实用新型采取的方法是The methods of the utility model are that 其主要技术特征为The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型突出的优点是The utility model has the advantages of 本实用新型同现有的技术相比Compared with the prior art 本实用新型通过下述技术方案予以实现The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme 本实用新型的任务是这样实现的The task of the utility model is realized in such a way that 本方案具体特点还有the scheme also has other specific features of 本实用新型主要技术特征是The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型克服了已有技术结构复杂The utility model overcomes the complicated structure in the existing technology 本实用新型与现有技术结构产品相比Compared with the product of the existing technique structure 它主要特点是which is characterized in that 本实用新型同现有技术相比Compared with the prior art 本实用新型弥补了现有技术的不足The utility model makes up defects of the prior art 本实用新型解决了现有技术的不足之处The utility model solves the defects existing in the prior art 其主要特征在于The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型解决问题的技术方案是The technical scheme of the utility model for solving the problem be 且特征在于The utility model is characterized in that 装置特点是The device is characterized in that 主要特点是which is characterized in that 通过上述优化结构by the optimal structure 本实用新型的显著优点是The remarkable advantages of the utility model are that 本实用新型克服了现有技术不足The utility model overcomes the defects of the prior art 由于改进上述结构Due to the improvement of the above structure 由于采用了这种结构Due to the adoption of the structure 由于采用了以上改进Due to the adoption of the improvement 本实用新型与公知技术相比Compared with the common technique 本实用新型主要特征是The utility model is characterized in that 其结构特点是The structure is characterized in that 由于采用了以上技术方案Due to the adoption of the technical scheme 由于采用此种结构Due to the adoption of the structure 通过上述改进by the improvement 本实用新型与传统工艺相反The utility model is opposite to the traditional craft 本装置主要结构是The primary structure of the device is that 本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足 The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome defects of the prior art 本实用新型避免了现有技术的不足之处The utility model avoids the defect of the prior art 在使用中when in use 由于采用上述的技术方案Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme 本实用新型同已有的传统技术相比Compared with the traditionally prior art 本实用新型解决的技术方案是The technical scheme of the utility model is 本实用新型的要点在于The main point of the utility model is that 本实用新型主要结构是The primary structure of the utility model is that 作用时间长long acting time 由于采用了如上的技术方案Due to the adoption of the technical scheme 通过上述构件by the member 其主要特征为The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型相对现有技术Compared with the prior art 它的结构特点在于The structural feature is characterized in that 本实用新型采用上述技术方案的改进By adopting the above improvement of the technical scheme 本实用新型采用上述结构后By adopting the above structure 其结构设计的主要特征在于The structure design is characterized in that 由于采用了上述的技术解决方案Due to the adoption of technical solution 本实用新型与现有装置比较Compared with the existing device 本实用新型的解决方案是The solution of the utility model is that 主要特征是which is characterized in that 在安装时When in installation 由于采用上述技术措施Due to the adoption of the above technical measure 由于采用上述改进结构Due to the adoption of the above improved structure 由于采用了如上的设计方案Due to the adoption of the design scheme 以满足实际生产中的需要to satify the needs in actual production 它的特征在于which is characterized in that 本实用新型的名称是The apellation of the utility model is that 主要技术特征在于The technical feature is 由于采取上述结构Due to the adoption of the structure 由于采取了上述结构Due to the adoption of the structure 其主要结构特点是The utility model is characterized in that 其结构特征是The utility model is characterized in that 通过上述手段by the means 通过上述的组合装置by the assembly 它的结构特点是 本实用新型弥补了现有技术的不足之处The utility model makes up defects of the prior art 本实用新型的主要技术特征在于The main technique of the utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型对照现有技术的有益效果是Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects are that 本实用新型克服了已有技术的不足之处The utility model overcomes the defects of the existing technology 该装置与已有技术相比较Compared with the prior art 本实用新型操作时During the operation 由于本实用新型采取了上述技术方Due to the utility model adopting of the technical scheme 本实用新型解决了现有技术结构复杂The utility model solves the defect of complicated structure of the prior art 它主要技术特征在于The main technique is characterized in that 本实用新型由于采用上述技术方案Because the utility model adopts the technical scheme 本实用新型较之现有产品Compared with the existing product 本实用新型与现有技术比Compared with the prior art 通过上述具体设计by the detailed design 通过上述措施by the measure 本实用新型同现有同类产品相比Compared with the existing products of the same kind 本实用新型与已的技术相比Compared with the prior art 本实用新型采用的工艺方法The utility model adopts the technique that 它的工作特点是The working feature is characterized in that 本实用新型的结构是The structure of the utility model is that 本实用新型在使用过程中When the utility model is in use 本实用新型克服了已有技术存在的不足The utility model overcomes the defects of the existing technology 本实用新型一物两用The utility model has two purposes 本实用新型解决技术问题的技术方案是The technical scheme of the utility model is 本实用新型的技术效果是The technical effect of the utility model is that 其主要技术特征The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型的特点在于The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型与现有技术比较Compared with the prior art 本实用新型的技术特点在于The technical characters of the utility model are that 其特点是The utility model is characterized in that 由于采用以上措施Due to the adoption of the measure 通过以上的技术方案by the technical scheme 本实用新型较之原有的Compared with the prior art 其结构设计特征在于The structure design is characterized in that 综合样式的特点是The integrated form is characterized in that 由于采用了上述的方案Due to the adoption of the scheme 由于本实用新型采取了上述结构Due to the utility model adopting the structure 本实用新型与已知技术相比Compared with the prior art 作用时间较长long acting time 在组装时when in assembly 在安装使用时When in installation 由于本实用新型采用了上述技术方案Due to the utility model adopting the technical scheme 它是在现有技术基础上改进实现的The utility model is realized on the basis of the improvement of the prior art 本实用新型的显著效果是The remarkable effects of the utility model are that 由于采用这种结构Due to the adoption of the structure 通过上述构造by the structure 其最大特点是The utility model has the great advantage that 本实用新型解决了现有技术不足The utility model solves the defects existing in the prior art 本实用新型因采用上述结构As the utility model adopts the above structure 由于采用以上方案Due to the adoption of the scheme 通过以上技术方案by the technical scheme 本实用新型和已有技术相对照Compared with the piror art 本实用新型解决现有技术结构复杂的问题The utility model solves the problem of complicated structure of the prior art 本实用新型的突出效果是The outstanding effects of the utility model are that 它的特点是which is characterized in that 由于采用了上述的技术方案Due to the adoption of technical scheme 本实用新型可一物多用The utility model combines a plurality of functions 在实际应用中When in practical use 在实际生产应用中When used in practical production 由于采用上述装置Due to the adoption of the above device 由于本实用新型采用的上述技术方案Due to the utility model adopting the technical scheme 该装置和现有技术相比Compared with the prior art 本实用新型解决了已有技术的不足The utility model solves the defects existing in the prior art 本实用新型的结构要点是The structural key point of the utility model is that 由于采用上述的技术解决方案Due to the adoption of the above technical solution 通过以上结构by the structure 本实用新型采用这种结构后By adopting the structure 本实用新型克服了已有技术的结构比较复杂 The utility model overcomes more complicated structure in the existing technology 它的技术特征是The technical feature is characterized in that 本实用新型与现有技术完全兼容The utility model and the prior art be completely compatible 本方案的具体特点还有the scheme also has other specific features of 本实用新型的主要技术特征是The main technique of the utility model is characterized in that 由于采用如上的技术方案Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme 由于采用了以上结构Due to the adoption of the structure 由于本实用新型采用上述结构Due to the utility model adopting the structure 本实用新型和现有技术相比较Compared with the piror art 本实用新型和现有技术相对照Compared with the prior art 本实用新型的技术解决方案是The technical solution of the utility model is that 本实用新型采用的技术方案是The utility model adopts the technical scheme that 本实用新型解决了现有产品结构复杂The utility model solves the defect of complicated structure of the existing product 其突出的特点是The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型与现有产品比较Compared with the existing product, the utility model 由于本实用新型采用上述结构特征Due to the utility model adopting the structure character 它的特征是which is characterized in that 本实用新型采用上述技术方案By adopting the scheme 具体实施时On the occasion of concrete application 本实用新型的技术特征是The technical characters of the utility model are that 其结构要点在于The utility model is characterized in that 由于采用上述技术Due to the adoption of the above technique 由于采用上述方法Due to the adoption of the above method 本实用新型与传统技术相比Compared with the traditional technology 本实用新型与现有技术结构的产品相比Compared with the product of the existing technique structure 其特征在于The utility model is characterized in that 由于采用上述结构特征Due to the adoption of the above structural characteristic 由于采用了上述结构Due to the adoption of the structure 本实用新型较之现有的Compared with the prior art 技术的特征在于The technique is characterized in that 其改进的特征The improvement is characterized in that 本实用新型对比现有技术的有益效果是Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects are that 本实用新型的特征在于The utility model is characterized in that 其主要技术特征在于The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型的技术特征在于The technical characters of the utility model are that 该装置与现有技术相比Compared with the prior art 作用时间快fast acting time 本实用新型一物多用The utility model has a plurality of purposes 本实用新型由于采用如上设计Because the utility model adopts the design 本实用新型较现有产品相比Compared with the existing product 本实用新型的产生的积极效果是The utility model has advantages of 本实用新型采用的方案是The utility model adopts the scheme that 由于有上述结构Due to the structure 由于本实用新型具有上述结构Due to the utility model adopting the structure 本实用新型克服了现有技术存在的缺点The utility model overcomes the defects existing in the prior art 本实用新型与现有的技术相比Compared with the prior art 结构特征是The structure is characterized in that 本实用新型克服了现有技术结构复杂The utility model overcomes the complicated structure in the prior art 且经济实用等特点and The utility model has the advantages of economy and practicability 本实用新型同现有技术相比较Compared with the prior art 主要的特点是which is characterized in that 本实用新型克服了现有技术的不足之处The utility model overcomes the defects of the prior art 本实用新型技术方案是The technical scheme of the utility model be 由于采用以上技术措施Due to the adoption of the technical measure 由于本实用新型的上述结构Due to the structure of the utility model 其技术特点是The technique is characterized in that 其连接关系是the connecting relation is that 通过上述的技术解决方案by the technical solution 本实用新型的主要特点在于The utility model is mainly characterized in that 主要结构特点是The main structure is characterized in that 在实际使用中When in practical use 由于采用了以上的结构Due to the adoption of the structure 由于采用了以上的技术方案Due to the adoption of the technical scheme 其特点为The utility model is characterized in that 其显著特点是The utility model is characterized in that 通过上述设计by the design 它的主要特点在于which is characterized in that 本实用新型主要技术特征在于The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型的要点是The main point of the utility model is that 其各自的特征是which are respectively characterized in that 本实用新型同已有技术相比Compared with the prior art 由于设计合理Due to reasonable design 特点在于which is characterized in that 本实用新型与已有技术比较Compared with the prior art 其特点The utility model is characterized in that 本实用新型克服了公知的缺陷The utility model overcomes the well-known defects 由于采用上述的结构Due to the adoption of the above structure 它的主要特征是which is characterized in that 本实用新型克服了公知结构的缺点The utility model overcomes the defects of well-known structure 其技术特征是The technique is characterized in that 其技术特征在于The technique is characterized in that 本实用新型工作时When the utility model works 本实用新型解决了现有技术的不足The utility model solves the defects existing in the prior art 本实用新型具有功能比较多、性能价格比比较好、防刀割和实用性较强等优点 The utility model has the advantages of more functions, better price performance ratio, cutting prevention, stronger practicality, etc. 本实用新型与现有技术相对比Contrasted with the prior art 其主要技术特点是The utility model is characterized in that 通过上述的结构by the structure 它主要特征是which is characterized in that 其最好特点是The utility model has the great advantage that 它的技术特点是The technical feature is characterized in that 通过对现有装置的改进By the improvement in the existing device 本装置的结构是The structure of the device is that 本实用新型实施后After the utility model is implemented 化学计量法stoichiometry 书面陈述recite 间隙Interstice 不用gap 使转动架围绕管子转动的装置means for rotating the tool carrier circumferentially about the pipe 一种(装置/方法/工艺名称),由……构成/包括……, 其特征在于:A (name of a(n) apparatus/method /process) , consisting of(comprising)…/including…, characterized in that… 如权利要求X(数字)所述的(装置/方法/ A (name of a(n) apparatus/method/process) as 工艺名称),其中……defined in/as recited in /in accordance with claim X , wherein… 本发明有关(关于/涉及)一种……的装置/方法……,尤其是(特别是/尤指/具体地说涉及)一种…This/ The/The present invention relates to /is related to an apparatus /a method/a process…, particularly to… (某国如)中国专利xxxxxxx号公开(披露)了一种设备/方法/工艺…Chinese Patent No. xxxxxxx discloses a(n) apparatus/method/process (for) …. 根据本发明的第一/第二/第三方面, 提供一种(装置) According to the first/second/ third aspect of the invention, there is provided (an apparatus…) 本发明的一个主要目的/另一个目的/再一个目的是……A(a) main/ another/ further object of the present invention is to (do)…或It is a(n) main/ another/ further object of the present invention to (do)… 经过对下面参阅附图及实施例的详细说明,本发明的所有这些目的与特征会更清楚地显现出来The present invention will now be described by referring to the accompanying drawings that illustrate the preferred embodiments of the invention, from which its objects and features will be evident 附图及上述介绍的本发明的实施例只是解释本发明,不是用来限制本发明。本发明的实施例巳被用来解释和说明了本发明的功能及结构原则,它们可以在不偏离本发明的基本原则内变化。因此,本发明包括包含在所附权利要求中的基本精神内的各种改进The foregoing descriptions of the embodiments and their accompanying drawings of the invention are intended to illustrate and not to limit this invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention is to be limited only by the appended claims 发明专利invention patent; 实施方案embodiment (某装置的某部位上)装有(某部件)…disposed 许多 a plurality of 实用新型专利utility model patent 外观设计design patent 权利要求,权项Claims/ (I) We claim/ What is claimed is/What we claim is 现有技术(现有专利、先有专利、在先专利、 在先技术等) prior art 所属领域技术人员those skilled in the art; (某某号某国专利, 如)8544445号美国专 利 US Pat. No. 8544445 未决专利(正在申请中的专利) pending patent 实施方案/实施例embodiment 优选/另一个(实施方案)preferred / alternative (不用carefully selected / another) (专利)公开disclose(v.) /disclosure/publication (不用reveal 等) 装置apparatus或arrangement 器件device 构件means, member或element (后两者尺寸相对较 小) component 本是准确表示部件或构件的词汇, 但在专利说明书中反而很少使用 壳体(外壳)housing,casing(不要用case,shell等)较大的或圆柱状开口(孔洞)opening 较小的孔径、孔洞aperture, orifice 空隙、气孔Pore 很少用hole来表示孔洞 邻近、靠近adjacent或adjoin(ing) (几乎不用neighbouring, close to或near 等 许多、多个(可数) a plurality of (该词组大量使用,而几乎不用 many, a large number of 等) 弹性的(金属)resilient (不用flexible或elastic 等) 长形(构件)elongated (而不用long-shaped) (数个部件的协同)合作couple (vt.) (少用cooperate with, coordinate, combine, integrate等); (用某种力)将某部件拉住或压向…: urge 安)装在…/设有…(带有表示位置的状语): to be disposed,to be mounted, to be installed, to be arranged, to be provided, to rest, to seat 等 其中以to be disposed更为国外律师所青睐,使 用频度更高。需要说明的是,如要强调安装的 动作, 必须使用install 或mount, 但在专利说 明书中需要说明的往往是已安装部件的状况, 所使用的被动语态中的过去分词强调的是安装 动作已完成的结果,即结合安装位置的状语, 实际上强调的是部件所安装的位置,因此不一 定要使用动作性强的install等词) 如表示部件装于孔洞内或下凹处也可用to be received或to be contained 并置, 比邻放置juxtapose 以固定方式/以枢轴转动方式/以可拆卸方式/以(垂直/横向)移动方式/以可滑移方式/以转动方式/以密封方式(与……连接/ (被)支承在……)(to be connected to…/to be supported on/in/at …) in a rigid/ pivotal/ detachable/ (vertically/horizontally) movable/ slidable/ rotatable/ sealable manner, 或to be rigidly/ pivotally/ detachably/ (vertically/horizontally) movably/ slidably/ rotatably/ sealably (connected to…/supported on/in/at …) 最好,最佳(表示选择)preferably 附图accompanying drawing(s) 视图view 图1 FIG 1 按美国专利法实施 细则 测试细则下载防尘监理实施细则免费下载免费下载地暖施工监理细则公路隧道通风设计细则下载静压桩监理实施细则下载 规定, 一篇专利说明书 只有一个插图, 无须作任何标识,如有两个或 两个以上,用FIG(大写)加阿拉伯数字来表 示,同一个图有几个分图,则在阿拉伯数字后 再加大写英文字母来表示(如FIG1A, FIG1B…;FIG2A,FIG2B…) 正视图/側视图/左(右)视图/俯视图/底视图/后视图front/ side/ left(right)/ top(overhead, aerial)/ bottom/ rear view 截面图/透视图/示意图(原理图)/结构图/爆炸图(分解图、立体图) sectional/ perspective/ schematic/ structural /exploded view 方框图block diagram 线路图wiring diagram 在上述古词中said(表示“该”“上述的”,功能与the相当)与wherein(= in which:在其中)的使用频度最高,应在专利说明书的专利要求书的英译中普遍套用,在其他部分可少量应用或不用;thereof(= of that),thereby (= by that ), therein (=in that)(上述括号中的that 指句子前面出现过的某个名词或名词词组)与hereinafter (=in the following text:在下文中)尚有一定频度使用, 可在英译中少量套用。其余where+prep., there+prep.与here+prep 的古词共16个[注3],词频只有6~0次/91771词,说明已处于罕用或不用的状态,应弃用机械上“加工machining 而不用processing 电镀行业,“镀槽”tank 电化学上,“镀槽”cell 安装架mounting frame 一种阿奇霉素晶体,其特征在于… A new type of azithromycin crystal, which is characterized in that 根据权利要求一所述的阿奇霉素晶体,其特征在于…A type of azithromycin crystal according to Claim 1, which is characterized in that …. 权利要求三中的方法,其中权利要求一所述的阿奇霉素结晶是.... A method according to Claim 3, wherein the azithromycin crystal defined in Claim 1 are obtained by… 根据权利要求一所述双金属氰化物催化剂,其特征在于双金属氰化物混合物具有以下通式:A type of double metal cyanide catalyst according to Claim 1, in which the double metal cyanide mixture is characterized by the following general formula: 式中:Wherein: 本发明涉及一种双金属氰化物催化剂,特别是关于一种具有高活性、诱导期短的双金属氰化物催化剂。This invention involves a type of double metal cyanide catalyst, more specifically, a type of double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst with high catalytic activity and short induction period. “本发明涉及一种………或者方法,”The present invention relates to …… or a method (process), ……….” 涉及relate to, direct to, is related to, associate, concern 本发明the invention the present invention 本实用新型the utility model 本发明属于:“属于”可用pertain, belong to等表示 The present invention pertains to water pumps of the centrifugal impeller type. 本发明提供“提供” prov ide A method and system for an extensible macro language is provided. The present utility model provides a remote control plane. 本发明公开“公开” disclose A non-contamination contained paper pulping technology and method of bioconversion/oxygenation under fully close condition is disclosed. 由…组成consisting of 基本上由…组成”或“大体上由…组成”consisting essentially of 只包括A及B,无其他consisting of A and B 除包括A及B外,尚可能包括C、D等comprising A and B 「根据权利要求1所述的……」或「如权利要求1所述的……」"...as claim 1","...of claim 1","...as claimed in claim l","...as set forth in claim 1","...according to claim 1" 「根据权利要求1至9中任一权利要求所 述的……」或「如权利要求1至9中任一 权利要求所述的……」 "as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9" 根据权利要求1至3中任一权利要求所述 的刀子 The knife of any of Claims 1 to 3 词汇 abandonment of a patent application 放弃专利申请 abandonment of a patent 放弃专利权 abridgment 文摘 abstract 文摘(摘要) abuse of patent 滥用专利权 action for infringement of patent 专利侵权诉讼 action of a patent 专利诉讼 additional features don't work to resolve question 附加的特征也不能解决问题 address for service 文件送达地址 affidavit 誓书 allowance 准许 amendment 修改 annual fee 年费 annuity 年费 anticipation 占先 appeal 上诉 appellation of origin 原产地名称 applicant for patent 专利申请人 application date 申请日期 application documents 申请案文件 application fee 申请费 application for patent 专利申请(案) application laying open for public inspection 公开供公众审查的申请 application number 申请号 application papers 申请案文件 arbitration 仲裁 art 技术 article of manufacture 制品 assignee 受让人 assignment 转让 assignor 转让人 author of the invention 发明人 author's certificate 发明人证书 basic patent 基本专利 be paid in advance 预先交 Berne Convention 伯尔尼公约 Berne Union 伯尔尼联盟 best mode 最佳方式 bibliographic data 著录资料 BIRPI 保护知识产权联合国国际局 board of appeals 申诉委员会 breach of confidence 泄密 Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure 国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约 burden of proof 举证责任 by the Secretary of Labor 消费价格指数的波动 case law 判例法 caveat 预告 certificate of addition 增补证书 certificate of correction 更正证明书 certificate of patent 专利证书 certified copy 经认证的副本 Chemical Abstracts 化学文摘 citation 引证 claim 1 is rejected on the basis that 根据…驳回权利要求1 claim to a method 方法权利要求 claim to a product 产品权利要求 claim 权项 (来源:英语论坛) claim1 was refected as being predictable 可以预料权利要求1可以恢复 claimed features 要求保护的特征 claimed subject matter 要求保护的主题 clain 1and 2 have noveity under PCT Article 33(2) respectively 根据33条第二款权利要classifier 分类员 co-applicants 共同申请人 co-inventors 共同发明人 color coding 色码制 commissioner 专利局长 common sense, known technical solution 公知,已知的技术方案 Community Patent Convention 共同体专利公约 complete application 完整的申请案 complete description 完整的叙述 complete specification 完整的说明书 comptroller 专利局长 compulsory license 强制许可证 conception date 概念日期 conception 概念 concerned had to be regarded as essential features ) confidential application 机密申请 confidential information 保密情报 conflict award 冲突裁定 conflict procedure 冲突程序 conflicting applications 冲突申请案 content of the application as originally filed 原始申请的内容 continuation application 继续申请 continuation-in-part application 部分继续申请案 contractual license 契约性许可证 contributory infringement 简介侵犯 convention application 公约申请 convention country 公约国 convention date 公约日期 Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization 建立世界知识产权组织公约 convention period 公约期限 convention priority 公约优先权 copyright 版权 correction slip 勘误表 counter pleadings 反诉状 counterclaim 反诉 country code 国家代号 cross license 交叉许可证 data exchange agreement 资料交换 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 data of application 申请日期 data 资料 date of grant 授予日期 date of issue 颁发日期 date of patent 专利日期 date of publication 公布日期 dedication to the public 捐献于公众 defendant 被告人 defenses 辩护 defensive publication 防卫性公告 deferred examination 延迟审查 dependent claim 从属权项 dependent patent 从属专利 Derwent Publications Ltd. 德温特出版有限公司 design patent 外观设计专利 development 发展 disclaimer 放弃权项 disclosure 公开 division 分案 divisional application 分案申请 domination patent 支配专利 drawing 附图 duration of patent 专利有效期 economic patent 经济专利 effective filing date 实际申请日期 electronic funds transfer (EFT), credit card or deposit account 电子信贷转移,信用employee’s invention 雇员发明 enable st shape to vary as a function of position 使某物的形状作为位置函数变化 EPO 欧洲专利局 ESARIPO 英语非洲工业产权组织 essential features (all features which were necessary for solving 必要技术特征(解 European Patent Convention 欧洲专利公约 European Patent Office 欧洲专利局 even remotely suggest that 即使间接的建议 evidence 证据 examination countries 审查制国家 examination for novelty 新颖性审查 examination 审查 examiner 审查员 examiner’s report 审查员报告 exclusive license 独占性许可证 exclusive right 专有权 experimental use 实验性使用 expired patent 期满专利 exploitation of a patent 实施专利 exposition priority 展览优先权 expropriation 征用 extension of term of a patent 延长专利期限 fall under (doing business ) 落入(商业方法) fee 费用 FICPI 国际工业产权律师联合会 file copy 存档原件 filing date 申请日期 filing fee 申请费 filing of an application 提出申请 final action 终局决定书 first please refer to claim 2 which state 先参照权利要求2,其表明 first-to-file principle 先申请原则 first-to-invention principle 先发明原则 for claim 1, I would suggest adding... 建议在权利要求1加入 force majeure 不可抗力 foreign patent application 外国专利申请 formal examination 形式审查 fully complied with 完全遵守 gazette 公报 Geneva Treaty on the International Recording of Scientific Discoveries 关于科学发现国际注册日内瓦条约 grace period 宽限期 grant of a patent 授予专利权 holder of a patent 专利持有人 ICIREPA T 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会 if the benefits thereof are desired. 得到其中的便利 IFIA 国际发明人协会联合会 in the claims by technical features 利用技术特征来表示 in the Consumer Price Index as determined 前12个月的 in the initial specification and clainms Maintenance fee 年费 may not go beyond the scope of the disclosure contained 不得超出原说明书和权利要求书none of the prior art of record anticipates … 记录在案的现有技术并没有预见到... omnibus claims 多项权利要求 on the basic of document1 在文件1的基础上,基于文件1 or 11 years and 6 months after grant of the patent. 和11年零6个月的授权当月的同一日 over D1 in view of D2 对比D1并结合D2 Paris Union Committee for International Cooperation in Information Retrieval among Patent Offices 专利局间情报检索国际合作巴黎联盟委员会 payments by credit card and payments by deposit account 信用卡或存储账户支付 permits maintenance fees to be adjusted 允许年费 pertaining to (payment method)关于 please note none of these teachings in D1 请注意在对比文件1中没有该提示 reference signs 标号 reference was made to Aricle 1 引用第一条 referred to generally as the "window period," 一般称为“窗口期” reflect any fluctuations during the previous 12 months 反映根据由劳动部确定的 regarding claim 2 as not being supported by 关于权利要求2不被…支持 regarding something , please refer to … 关于…请参考 sets forth the time periods 指定时间期限 so that the infringer would only have to 侵权者只须 subject matter claimed 要求保护的主题 take the view of (that) 采取…观点 technical contribution to the state of the art 对现有技术的贡献 the difference over D1 is quite clear and while 相对于D1的不同是很明显的 The last day is the same day of the month the patent 窗口期的最后一天是专利授权后的 the point of this discussion is that 此次讨论的要点是…. the protection sought should be indicated 要求保护的内容应当在权利要求中- (来源:英语麦当劳-英语杂志www.EnglishCN.com) the question is must we add st.in sb 问题是我们必须在…中加入… the reason we prefer to … 我们提到的理由 the techical problem with which the application was 的技术问题必须的所有的技术特征) thereby providing a st. 因此,提供一个… this is particular relevant to D1 which teach us st. 这一点与对比文件尤其相关,它告 to avoide narrowing or wilding claim 1 避免缩小或扩大权利要求1 to be adjusted every year on October 1 每年的10月一日调整 to be fulfill the requirment of clarity 满足清晰的要求 to delimite (defined) the scope of protection 限定了保护范围 to enlarge the scope of protection 扩大了保护范围 to narrow the scope of protection 缩小了保护范围 to optimize our protection for the application 使对申请的保护合理 vague generalized discussion in D1 含混的,泛泛的讨论 was granted 3 years and 6 months, 7 years and 6 months, 3年零6个月,7年零6个月 Would you please advise how we can process in this question 请指示我们怎样处理该问题 装置:apparatus, device, means, arrangement 设备:equipment 组件:component 器件:device 构件:means, member, element 元件:element 零件:part 单元:element, unit 方法:method, process 组合物:composition 组分(化学领域):component 具有:(be)provided with 实质上,大体上:substantially 优选:preferred, preferential 所属领域的技术人员:those skilled in the art, those of ordinary skill in the art 现有技术:prior art 该项技术中的已知方法:methods known in the art 实施例:embodiment 基于:-based(例如:基于软件的software-based) 设有: (be) equipped with, 或(be)provided with (i) apparatus;arrangement:装置 (ii) (ii) device:器件 (iii) (iii) means:构件 (iv) 但若未出现在同一份说明书中时,则均可译成装置 (v) 2. et al.:等人 (vi) 3. 翻译means for V+ing时在means前面加适当的中译修饰词,以免同一份中文说明书中出现多个"装置" 时,不知究竟指的是那一个。 (vii) 4. this invention, the subject invention, the instant invention, the present invention 一律译成"本发明" (viii) 5. substantially:应视前后文译为"实质上"、"几乎完全"、"相当"、或"大体上",例如: (ix) a. the barrier layer contains a material that is substantially impervious to laser ablation—屏障层包含的物质大体上(or 实质上)不会被激光切除 (x) b. tablet has a substantial surface and a second substantial surface—锭剂有一实质表面和第二实质表面 (xi) 6. preferred, preferential,可译成"优选" (xii) 7. those skilled in the art——所属领域的技术人员 (xiii) those of ordinary skill in the art——所属领域的技术人员 (xiv) 8. methods known in the art——此项技术中已知的方法 (xv) 9. are well known——已为我们所熟知 (xvi) 10.these include, but are not limited to——其包括(但不限于) (xvii) 11. alternative embodiment——替代(具体)实施例;另一实施例 (xviii) a lternatively——或者;另一选择为 (xix) 12. aspect 可译成"方面"、"观点"及"特点",例如: (xx) in one embodiment of this aspect—在此方面的一实施例中 (xxi) in one aspect—一方面 (xxii) in a further aspect—另一方面 (xxiii) i n still a further aspect—另一方面 (xxiv) 13. 请参考以下的译法: (xxv) it should be noted—请注意 (xxvi) it is to be noted—应注意的是 (xxvii) it is expected—我们预期 (xxviii) it will be appreciated—应了解 (xxix) it is understood—当然 (xxx) it should be understood—请了解;应了解 (xxxi) it is intended—希望 (xxxii) 例如: Although, in principle, it is intended that all of the isocyanate functionality of the polyisocyanate be reacted, it should be understood that 100 percent complete reaction cannot always be attained.—虽然原则上希望所有聚异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯官能度皆可反应,但应了解100%完全反应并非总能达到。 (xxxiii) 14.在一长句中须视需要将长句加以分割或组织,例如: (xxxiv) The housing device of this generic type for accommodating at least one circuit arrangement, in particular a power semiconductor module or the like, has housing areas which are designed for the arrangement of, in particular, live contact elements and which each provide a number of arrangement positions for this purpose. (xxxv) 这种通用普通类型的外壳器件至少用于装填一个电路装置,特别是电源半导体模块或类似物,在该外壳器件中设计有外壳区域,该外壳区域尤其是用来放置带电的接触单元,并且其每个都提供有多个此类放置位置。 (xxxvi) 15. based on weight 的译法,例如: (xxxvii) a. A is mixed with B at about a 50:50 ratio,based on weight.—A与B系以重量计约50:50的比例混合 (xxxviii) b.The coating material includes from about 1% to about 20% glucose, based on the total weight of all components in the coating composition.—涂料物质包含以涂料组合物中所有成分总重量计约3%至约20% 的葡萄糖。 (xxxix) 16.译者需忠诚地将原文完全译出且让句意读来流畅, (xl) 例1 :Circuit arrangements in which electronic components are connected are frequently accommodated in housings or housing devices in order to shield the circuit arrangements from, for example, undesirable influences. (xli) 连接有电子组件的电路装置经常被装填到外壳中或者外壳器件中,从而——举例来说——可使电路装置免于受到不良影响。 (xlii) 例2 : Additionally,this invention provides a compound for use in manufacturing a medicament for the treatment or prevention of atherosclerosis. (xliii) (差) 此外,本发明提供一种化合物,用于制造药剂,用于治疗或预防动脉粥状硬化。(xliv) (佳) 此外,本发明提供一种化合物,其系用于制造供治疗或预防动脉粥状硬化的医药品。 (xlv) 17. This application claims priority from Provisional Application No.60/221,238, filed June 25, 1999 (xlvi) 本专利申请要求1999年6月25日提交的第60/221,238号美国临时专利申请的优先权。(xlvii) 18. 其它说明书本文常出现的名词如下: (xlix) prior art 现有技术 (l) thereof 其 (li) new, novel 新颖的 (lii) if desired 若须要;必要时 (liii) provisional application 临时申请案 (liv) continuation-in-part 部份接续申请案 (lv) corresponding application(appln.)对应申请案 (lvi) docket No. 档案号码 (lvii) issued/granted to 颁予 (lviii) contemplated by this invention 涵盖于本发明;本发明所涵盖(者为)‥. (lix) incorporated herein by reference 以引用的方式并入本文中(lx) assign 转让 (lxi) co-pending 共同代决 (lxii) …-based 基于…(例如:software-based 基于软件的) (lxiii) apparatus 设备(装罝) (lxiv) device 装罝(组件) (lxv) means 装罝(构件) (lxvi) composition 组合物 (lxvii) c omponent 组分(化学领域中使用) (lxviii) process 方法 (lxix) method 方法 (lxx) provided that…但是…… (lxxi) provided with 具有 (lxxii) i s selected from the group consisting of … (lxxiii) 系由下列各物(或基)组成的群组中选出; (lxxiv) 系选自由下列各物(或基)组成的群组 (lxxv) optionally 视需要;视情况可…… (lxxvi) said 该;所述 (lxxvii) element 单元;组件;元素(化学 Sample translations English to Chinese: A METHOD FOR TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION Detailed field: Law: Patents, Trademarks, Copyright Source text - English A METHOD FOR TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the construction of tunnels, and more particularly, to a method of constructing or widening a half-tunnel in a ground typically in a hillside or mountainside. Background of the Invention The building or widening of roads along mountains or hill sides presents major problems, inter alia, with respect to damage caused to the environment including forests, and may cause instability and landslides, as is well known and understood by men skilled in the art. With a view to overcome the problems, the construction of half tunnels was developed, however, so far has not provided an optimal solution, at least from the practical aspect of the necessity to support the roof of such a half tunnel. As illustrated in Fig. 1, when a regular tunnel 2 is constructed, two opposing compression forces indicated by arrows F, F1 are developed in the roof of the tunnel, which forces achieve equilibrium. Thus, depending on the type of ground in which the tunnel is excavated, reinforcing soil nails 6 may sometimes be required to be Translation - Chinese 隧道施工方法 技术领域 本发明涉及隧道施工方法,具体而言涉及一种在尤其是山坡中的地面下修建或加宽半山峒的方法。 背景技术 所属领域的技术人员皆知,在山坡中修建或加宽公路将带来许多问题,尤其是对环境包括森林造成损害等,且可能引起山体滑坡。为了克服上述问题,人们发明了半山峒的修建方式,然而到目前为止尚未找到完美的解决方法-至少从实际中必须支撑起此半山峒的洞顶的角度来看。如图1所示,修建一般隧道2时,两个反方向的压力(如箭头F、F1所示)被施于隧道的顶部,从而达到平衡。因此,根据挖掘隧道所在的地面的类型,有时需要将加固土钉6插入地面中。使用此土钉6时,将其相对隧道弧形顶板垂直地插入地面中,如图所示。因此,由于半山峒的洞顶没有中心反向力,故上述隧道施工方法并不可行。目前所采用的明显的解决方法是采取一些侧撑或支杆,使其伸展在隧道基板(例如公路和洞顶)之间,从而提供与洞顶成自由角度的支撑力。这种支撑支杆的缺点显而易见。 发明内容 inserted into the ground. When such nails 6 are utilized, they are inserted into the ground as shown, radially with respect to the arched tunnel roof. Hence, since a half-tunnel does not have a center opposing force in its roof, the above-described method of tunnel construction is not applicable. The obvious solution used is to provide a support to the free edge of the roof in the form of struts or posts extending between the base of the tunnel, e.g., the road and the roof. The disadvantages of such supporting posts are readily apparent. Summary of the Invention It is therefore a broad object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art half-tunnel construction and to provide a method for constructing a half-tunnel, which does not include supporting posts at the open side of the tunnel. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for constructing a half-tunnel, the roof of which is securely supported by lock elements inserted into the ground above the roof. In accordance with the present invention there is therefore provided a method of constructing a section of a half-tunnel in a slope of a mountain or hill, comprising the steps of: a) forming a lock block along said section above the upper edge of the half-tunnel to be excavated; b)inserting lock elements traversing said lock block and extending into said mountain; c) excavating portions of the mountain beyond and below said lock block defining roof and bottom portions of said half-tunnel, and d) repeating step c) until the entire section of said half-tunnel is formed. Brief Description of the Drawings The invention will now be described in connection with certain preferred embodiments with reference to the following illustrative figures so that it may be more fully understood. With specific reference now to the figures in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, and are presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than is necessary for a 因此,本发明的一个主要目标是克服现有的半山峒施工技术中的缺点,并提供一种无需在隧道开口侧使用支撑支杆的半山峒施工方法。 本发明的另一目标是提供一种半山峒施工方法,其中将锁定构件插入洞顶以上的地面中,用于牢牢支撑住所述洞顶。 因此,根据本发明,提供了一种在山坡上修建半山峒的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:a)在所述待挖半山峒的上边缘之上沿所述段形成一锁定固块;b)插入锁定构件,使其和所述锁定固块相交,并将其伸入所述山体中;c)挖掘所述锁定固块之上或之下的山体的部分(其形成所述半山峒的洞顶和洞底部分);和d)重复步骤c),直到形成整段所述半山峒。 附图说明 现将结合某些优选实施例并参照以下图式对本发明加以描述,以加深对本发明的理解。 对于以下图式,须知其细节的展示只是为了方便讨论本发明的优选实施例而举出的例子,目的在于使读者更容易理解本发明的原理和概念并最大程度地利用本发明。因此,在此并没有为了解释本发明而过多地显示本发明的详细结构,对图式的具体说明将使所属领域的技术人员清楚本发明的各种形式是如何付诸实践的。 在各图式中: 图1(现有技术)为一般隧道施工的图示;图2为本发明的半山峒施工方法中第一阶段的剖面图; 图3为本发明的半山峒施工方法中第二阶段的剖面图; 图4为本发明的半山峒施工方法中第三阶段的剖面图;及 图5为本发明的半山峒施工方法中第四阶段的剖面图,其中有针对滑落岩石的额外保护措施。 具体实施方式 现将参照各施工阶段,对本发明的在山坡上修建一段隧道的施工方法进行说明。 所属领域的技术人员易知,本发明不仅限于前述图示实施例的具体细节,且在不脱离本发明的精神或主要特性的前提下,本发明可实施为其他特定形式。因此从任何角度来说都应将所述实施例视作例示性而非限制性的,从而由附文权利要求书而非前述说明来指出本发明的范围;且因此任何改变,只要其属于权利要求等效物的含义和范围中,就应视作属于本发明。 fundamental understanding of the invention, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the invention may be embodied in practice. In the drawings: Fig. 1 (prior art) is a schematic representation of a regular tunnel construction; Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first stage of the method of a half-tunnel construction, according to the present invention; Fig. 3 is a schematic, cross-sectional view of a second stage of the method of a half-tunnel construction, according to the present invention; Fig. 4 is a schematic, cross-sectional view of a third stage of the method of a half-tunnel construction, according to the present invention, and Fig. 5 is schematic, cross-sectional view of a fourth stage of the method of a half-tunnel construction, according to the present invention, having additional protection against falling rocks. Detailed Description The method of constructing a section of a tunnel in a slope of a mountain or hill according to the present invention will now be described with reference to the construction stages. It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrated embodiments and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.