新视野大学英语第一册Unit-2-PPT课件

UnittwoNothinginlifeistobefeared.Itisonlytobeunderstand.------MarieCurie居里夫人Unit2PartⅠPre-readingactivitiesPartⅡSectionAPartⅢSectionBPartⅣPost-readingactivitiesPartⅤKeytoexercisesPre-readingActivities:Listentothepassagecarefullyandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:1.Whatisthepassageabout?2.Whataresomeofthethingsyouthinkthedaughterandherparentsmighthavedifferentideasabout?3.Howcantheolderandtheyoungergenerationhavecommunicationwithandunderstandeachother?4.Canyouguesswhatthetextsinthisunitaregoingtobeabout?Pre-readingActivities:Lookatthesefollowingpairsandtrytomastertheusagesofthem:makeup/makeupturnoff/turnon/turnupburstout/burstintoaswellas/asusualblastforth/blast-offannoyed/annoyingdisgusted/disgustingboltout/boltdowntalkover/talkintogetridof/getholdofgotoofar/goinforconcern/anxietyinfashion/outoffashionappeal/attractSectionAABusyWeekdayMorningCulturalNotes:1）Greenwaves(绿浪)Itisafictionalnameforamusicalgroupmadeupbythewriterforuseinthisstory.2)Frenchlilacblue（法国紫蓝）Itisafictionalnameforeye-linermake-upbythewriterforuseinthisstory3）tattoosItisapictureorwritingthatispermanentlymarkedonyourskinusinganeedleandinkCulturalNotes:4)RockmusicItisatypeofpopularmodernmusicwithastrongloudbeat,playedusingguitarsanddrums.5)GenerationgapthelackofunderstandingorthedifferencesbetweenolderpeopleandyoungerpeopleLanguagestudy1.click:[intransitiveandtransitive]tomakeashorthardsound,ormakesomethingproducethissound.Thedoorclickedshutbehindme.Motherclickedhertongue(=madeashortsoundtoshowdisapproval)andsighed.[intransitiveandtransitive]topressabuttononacomputermousetochoosesomethingfromthescreenthatyouwantthecomputertodo,ortopressabuttononaremotecontrol.Choosetheimageyouwantbyclickingtwice.Programsmustgrabaviewer'sattentioninthetimeittakestoclickaTVremote.LanguagestudyclickonChildrencanclickonasentencetohearitreadaloud.[countable]1.ashorthardsoundThedoorclosedwithaclick.theclickofamouseusedtoshowhowquicklysomethingcanbedoneonacomputerYourphotoscanbeviewedwiththeclickofamouse.2blastNoun,asuddenstrongmovementofwindorair,blastofAblastofcoldairsweptthroughthehut.anexplosion,ortheverystrongmovementofairthatitcausesLanguagestudyintheblastThirty-sixpeoplediedintheblast.[transitive]todamageordestroysomething,ortoinjureorkillsomeone,usingagunorabombblastsomebodywithsomethingSheblastedherhusbandwithashotgunbecausehewashavinganaffair.[intransitiveandtransitive]tobreaksomethingintopiecesusingexplosives,especiallyinordertobuildsomethingsuchasaroadblastsomethingthrough/outofsomethingblastoff,phrasalverbifaspacecraftblastsoff,itleavesthegroundLanguagestudyUsefulphrasesblastoff/ablastof(wind)/atfullblast3.Horrible:shocking,veryunpleasantandoftenfrightening,worrying,orupsettingahorribledreamIhaveahorriblefeelingthatwe'regoingtomisstheplane.behorribletosbWhyareyoubeingsohorribletome?4.Stuff:(noun)matter,materialforexample,I'vegotsomestickystuffonmyshoe.Languagestudy(informal)usedwhenyouaretalkingaboutthingssuchassubstances,materials,orgroupsofobjectswhenyoudonotknowwhattheyarecalled,oritisnotimportanttosayexactlywhattheyare.forexample:Ifeltsorryfortheoneswhohadtoeattheawfulstuff.Where'sallthecampingstuff?5.rhythm.[uncountableandcountable]aregularrepeatedpatternofsoundsormovementsￚseealsometre.Forexample,DrumsarebasictoAfricanrhythm.rhythmofShestartedmovingtotherhythmofthemusic.Languagestudyaregularpatternofchangesthebody'snaturalrhythmsrhythmof,Jimlikedtherhythmofagriculturallife.6.Offensiveveryrudeorinsultingandlikelytoupsetpeopleￚoppositeinoffensive,Ifoundherremarksdeeplyoffensive.offensiveto,crudejokesthatareoffensivetowomenoffensivebehavior(formal)veryunpleasant,anoffensivesmell[onlybeforenoun]forattackingforexample,Janwasconvictedofpossessinganoffensiveweapon.Languagestudy(AmericanEnglish),relatingtogettingpointsandwinningagame,ratherthanstoppingtheotherteamfromgettingpointsￚoppositedefensive,theJets'offensivestrategyoffensively,(adverb)Rick'sremarkswereoffensivelyracist.offensiveness(noun)[uncountable]7.Disturb[transitive],tointerruptsomeonesothattheycannotcontinuewhattheyaredoing.Forexample,Sorrytodisturbyou,butIhaveanurgentmessage.tomakesomeonefeelworriedorupset.forexample,Whatdisturbsyoumostaboutthislatestdevelopment?tomovesomethingorchangeitsposition.Forexample,Ifyoufindabird'snest,neverdisturbtheeggs.Languagestudytochangeanormalsituationinawaythatcausesproblems.Forexample,Newproceduresoftendisturbthecomfortablehabitsoftheworkforce.disturbthepeace;lawtobehaveinanoisyandunpleasantwayinpublicdisturbed(adjective),notbehavingnormallybecauseofamentalcondition.Forexample,mentally/emotionallydisturbed,thecareofemotionallydisturbedchildrenworriedorupset;disturbedby/about/at.e.g.Policeareverydisturbedaboutthelatesttrend.seriously/deeply/greatlyetcdisturbed:disturbedtofind/see/discover/learnetc.e.g.Shewasdisturbedtolearnhehadboughtamotorbike.Languagestudydisturbedthat;I'mdisturbedthatsomanyofthestudentsappeartobeilliterate.disturbedsleep;sleepthatisinterrupteddisturbing(adjective).worryingorupsetting;disturbingly(adverb).e.g.adisturbingincreaseinthecrimerateItseemstoopenupallthedisturbingconflictsandinconsistencieswhichhavebeenattheheartoftheirproblems.8.grab.totakeholdofsomeoneorsomethingwithasuddenorviolentmovement—synonymsnatch..e.g.Twomengrabbedherandpushedhertotheground.grabsomethingfromsomebody/something..e.g.ImanagedtograbthegunfromBowen.Languagestudytogetsomefoodorsleepquicklybecauseyouarebusy—synonymsnatch..e.g.HangonwhileIgrabacupofcoffee.togetsomethingforyourself,sometimesinanunfairway..e.g.Trytogetthereearlyandgrabgoodseats.totakeanopportunity,acceptaninvitationetcimmediately.e.g.ShegrabbedtheopportunitytogotoAmerica.togetsomeone'sattention.e.g.Theplightoftherefugeesimmediatelygrabbedtheheadlines(=wasthemostimportantstoryinthenewspapers).grabat/forsomething;toquicklyandsuddenlyputoutyourhandtotryandcatchorgetsomething..e.g.Igrabbedattheglassjustbeforeitfell.Languagestudy9.thorough;includingeverypossibledetail—seealsothoroughly..e.g.Thepoliceinvestigationwasverythorough.[notusuallybeforenoun]carefultodothingsproperlysothatyouavoidmistakes..e.g.Thescreeningofapplicantsmustbethorough.athoroughpest/nuisance/mess;BritishEnglishusedtoemphasizethebadqualitiesofsomeoneorsomethingthoroughnessnoun[uncountable]10.bang.[intransitiveandtransitive]tohitsomethinghard,makingaloudnoise;bangon;Theywerebangingonthedoorwiththeirfists.bangyourfist/handonsomething,.e.g.Shebangedherfistonthetable[transitive]toputsomethingdownoragainstsomethingwithalotofforce,makingaloudnoise;bangsomethingdown;bangsomethingon/againstsomethingLanguagestudy11.wrap.alsowrapup;toputpaperorclothoversomethingtocoverit;wrapsomethinginsomething.e.g.Thepresentwasbeautifullywrappedingoldpaper.wrapsomethingaroundsomebody/something..e.g.I'vestillgotafewChristmaspresentstowrapup.ifyouwrapyourarms,legs,orfingersaroundsomething,youusethemtoholdit;wrapsomethingaroundsomebody/something.e.g.Hewrappedhisarmsaroundherwaistwrapup;bewrappedupinsomething..e.g.togivesomuchofyourattentiontosomethingthatyoudonothavetimeforanythingelse12.instrumentLanguagestudy[countable]asmalltoolusedinworksuchasscienceormedicine..e.g.surgicalinstrumentsanobjectusedforproducingmusic,suchasapianoorviolinￚsynonymmusicalinstrumentapieceofequipmentformeasuringandshowingdistance,speed,temperatureetc.e.g.sensitiveearthquake-detectinginstruments[usuallysingular]somethingorsomeonethatisusedtogetaparticularresult[usuallysingular]somethingorsomeonethatisusedtogetaparticularresult;instrumentof;Interestratesareanimportantinstrumentofeconomicpolicy.instrumentfor(doing)something;Goodmanagementshouldbeaninstrumentforinnovation.Languagestudy13.disgust,[transitive]tomakesomeonefeelveryannoyedorupsetaboutsomethingthatisnotacceptable..e.g.Manyparentsclaimedtobedisgustedbytheamountofviolenceinthefilm.bedisgustedtofind/hear/seeetc..e.g.DearSir,IwasdisgustedtoseethepictureonpageoneofSunday'sfeaturesection...e.g.Thetobesounpleasantthatitmakesyoufeelalmostsickthoughtofdissectingafrogdisgustsme.disgusted(adjective),veryannoyedorupsetbysomethingthatisnotacceptable..e.g.Disgustedonlookersclaimedthedriverwasmoreconcernedabouthiscarthanaboutthevictim.Languagestudydisgustedat/by/with;Mostlocalsaredisgustedbytheanti-foreignerviolence.disgustedthat;Animalwelfareworkersweredisgustedthatanyonecoulddothistoapuppy.disgusting,(adjective),extremelyunpleasantandmakingyoufeelsickￚsynonymrevolting,.e.g.Smokingisareallydisgustinghabit.shockingandunacceptable..e.g.Sixtypoundsforathirty-minuteconsultation.Ithinkthat'sdisgusting!disgustingly(adverb),They'redisgustinglyrich.14.annoy[transitive],tomakesomeonefeelslightlyangryandunhappyaboutsomethingￚsynonymirritate..e.g.ItreallyannoysmewhenIseepeopledroppinglitter.Languagestudyannoyed(adjective);slightlyangryￚsynonymirritated..e.g.I'llbeannoyedifwedon'tfinishbyeight.beannoyedat/withsomebody,.e.g.ShewasannoyedwithDuncanforforgettingtophone.beannoyedabout/bysomething..e.g.Hewasannoyedbyherapparentindifference.annoyedthat,.e.g.Mr.Davieswasannoyedthatthebooksweremissing.annoying(adjective),makingyoufeelslightlyangryￚsynonymirritating..e.g.It'sannoyingthatwedidn'tknowaboutthisbefore.annoyingly(adverb)Languagestudy15.pierce[transitive]tomakeasmallholeinorthroughsomething,usinganobjectwithasharppoint..e.g.Steamthecornuntilitcaneasilybepiercedwithafork.pierceaholein/throughsomething..e.g.Piercesmallholesinthebaseofthepotwithahotneedle.haveyourears/noseetcpierced;tohaveasmallholemadeinyourears,noseetcsothatyoucanwearjewellerythroughthehole,.e.g.Ihadmybelly-buttonpierced.piercethrough..e.g.Themen'slanternspiercedthroughthedensemist.piercesomebody'sheart,tomakesomeonefeelastrongemotionsuchaspain,sadness,orlove,.e.g.Hermemoriessometimespiercedherheart.Languagestudy[transitive]toforceawaythroughsomething,.e.g.LeicesterrarelythreatenedtopiercetheManchesterUniteddefence.Piercing(adjective),literary,someonewithpiercingeyesislookingatyouandseemstoknowwhatyouarethinking..e.g.Shefeltfoolishandunsureunderhispiercinggaze.asoundthatispiercingishigh,sharp,andunpleasant;apiercingscream16.bolt[intransitive],tosuddenlyrunsomewhereveryquickly,especiallyinordertoescapeorbecauseyouarefrightened..e.g.Thehorserearedupandbolted.Languagestudy[transitive]alsoboltdown;toeatveryquicklyￚsynonym,gobble;Hebolteddownhisbreakfast.[transitive]tofastentwothingstogetherusingabolt;boltsomethingtosomething..e.g.Thecellcontainedanironbed-frameboltedtothefloor.boltsomethingtogether;Theboxesweremadeofheavypanelsofmetalboltedtogether.[transitive]tolockadoororwindowbyslidingaboltacrossaboltfrom(outof)theblue;newsthatissuddenandunexpectedboltoflightning;lightningthatappearsasawhitelineintheskyLanguagestudyPhrasesAndExpressions1.blastforth;(sound)comeoutsuddenly2.(at)fullblast;aspowerfullyorloudlyaspossible..e.g.Theradiowasonatfullblast.3.blastof,asuddenstrongmovementofwindorair..e.g.Ablastofcoldairsweptthroughthehut.4.ablastfromthepast;somethingfromthepastthatyouremember,see,orhearagain,andthatremindsyouofthattimeinyourlife..e.g.That'sablastfromthepast.Noonehascalledmethatforyears.LanguagestudyPhrasesAndExpressions5.alongwith;incompanywith;togetherwith6.turnoff:stop;changetooff7.turnon;tomakeamachineorpieceofelectricalequipmentsuchasatelevision,engine,lightetcstartoperatingbypushingabutton,turningakeyetcￚsynonym,switchon.ￚopposite,turnoff;.e.g.Jaketurnedonhiscomputerandcheckedhismail.8.turnout;tohappeninaparticularway,ortohaveaparticularresult,especiallyonethatyoudidnotexpect;turnoutwell/badly/fineetc..e.g.Asitturnedout(=usedtosaywhathappenedintheend),hepassedtheexamquiteeasily.LanguagestudyPhrasesAndExpressions9.turnover;turnsomethingovertosomebody;togivesomeonetherighttoownsomething,ortomakesomeoneresponsiblefordealingwithsomething..e.g.He'llturntheshopovertohissonwhenheretires.turnthematter/problem/responsibilityetcovertosomebody..e.g.I'mturningtheprojectovertoyou.10.turnup;toturnaswitchonamachinesuchasanoven,radioetcsothatitproducesmoreheat,soundetc,　—opposite，turndown;Turnuptheradio!tobefound,especiallybychance,afterhavingbeenlostorsearchedfor;Eventuallymywatchturnedupinacoatpocket.toarriveataplace,especiallyinawaythatisunexpectedLanguagestudyPhrasesAndExpressions11.burstinto;burstintosomething;tosuddenlybegintomakeasound,especiallytostartsinging,crying,orlaughing..e.g.Clairelookedasifshewereabouttoburstintotears.burstintoflames/flame;tosuddenlystarttoburnverystrongly..e.g.Theircarcrashedandburstintoflames.12.burstonto/upon/onsomething;tosuddenlyappearandbecomeverysuccessful..e.g.Thebandburstontothemusicscenein1997.13.burstout;burstoutlaughing/crying/singingetc,tosuddenlystarttolaugh,cryetc.e.g.Everyoneintheroomburstoutlaughing.tosuddenlysaysomethinginaforcefulwayLanguagestudyPhrasesAndExpressions.e.g.Idon'tbelieveit!'sheburstoutangrily.14.reachfor;tomoveyourarminordertotouchorliftsomethingwithyourhand..e.g.Shereachedintoherbagandproducedabusinesscard.[intransitive,transitivenotinprogressive]totouchsomethingbystretchingoutyourarm.e.g.She'stoosmalltoreachthetable.[transitive]togetsomethingfromahighplacebystretchingupyourarmDetailedStudyoftheText1.Likeashot,themusicwokeSandy.(Para.1)Meaning:Sandyheardthemusicandwokeupasifstartledbyagunshot.pleasenoticethatthesethreewords,“click”,“blast”and“shot”,inthefirstthreesentencesareusedtosuggestasenseofsuddenness.2.it’sthesamethingoverandover.(para.2)Meaning:Youlistentothesamemusicagainandagain.Overandover:againandagain;repeatedly3.Itisdefinitelyhorriblestuff.(Para.2)Meaning:themusiciscertainlyverybad.Definitely:ad.certainly;withnodoubt..e.g.withoutenoughteacherstheeducationinthisareaisdefinitelyaproblem;noonecanarguethatitisnotserious.DetailedStudyoftheText4.Ithasareallypowerfulmessage.(Para.3)meaning:Themusicisreallymeaningful.Message:n.alessonormoralcontainedinastory,afilm,apieceofmusicoraspeech..e.g.themessageofthestory“ABusyWeekdayMorning”isthatthereisagenerationgapbetweentheoldandtheyoung.5.Now,wouldyoupleasehurryupandturnitoff?(para.4)Meaning:now,wouldyoupleasemovefasterandturntheradiooff?Hurryup:moveordosomethingfaster.6.Atfirst,thewaterfeltcold.(para.5)Meaning:atfirstthewaterwascold(orSandycouldfeelthatthewaterwascold).Pleasenotethathere“feel”isnotusedinthesenseof“experience”asintheexampleof“hefeltasuddenpaininhisheart”.DetailedStudyoftheTextHere“feel”means“seem”or“giveorproduceacertainsensation”.When“feel”isusedinthissense,thesubjectof“feel”issomethingthatisdescribedbyanadjectiveoranadverbthatfollows“feel”..e.g.thisshowerfeelsgreat.Theclothesfeelsoft.7.……soshegrabbedatowelanddriedoff.(para.5)Meaning:shequicklytookholdofatowelanddriedherbodywithit.dryoff:(causeto)becausedry..e.g.theswimmerdriedoffinthehotsun.8.I’llbrushmyteethwhenI’mdone.(para.17)Meaning:I’llbrushmyteethwhenIhavefinishedmybreakfast.Done:a.finishedTextStructureAnalysisTheauthorpresentswhatSandydidonaweekdaymorningthroughatimeorder,describingaseriesofactionsaccordingtoasequencedorder.Todescribesomethingtotheorderoftimeisespeciallycommonwithnarrativewriting.Fromthereadingpassagewecanfindthatthepresentationofdetailsclearlyfollowstheprogressoftime,asisapparentfromthefollowingwordsorsentences.Thebeginningsentenceofthestorytellsusaboutthetime:theradioclickedon.Thisisaverystrongreminderofthetime.TextStructureAnalysisFromthepassagewefindthatitwas6:15A.M.,timeforgettingup.Afteracoupleofevents,wefindthatafterhershower,theconversationwentonandsomethingmorehappened.Thensuddenlyshelookedattheclockagain;itwaslate,stillastrongindicationofthetimepassing.Andatlastsherantocatchtheschoolbus,whichtellsusSandyleftforschool.Thetimemarkerisexpressedthroughtheactionofleaving.SectionBParentTalkLanguagestudy1.upset.adjective.[notbeforenoun]unhappyandworriedbecausesomethingunpleasantordisappointinghashappenedupsetby/about/atetc.e.g.Shewasreallyupsetaboutthewayherfathertreatedher.upsetthat.e.g.Debbiewasupsetthathedidn'tspendmoretimewithher.beupsetwithsomebody;ifyouareupsetwithsomeone,youareangryandannoyedwiththem.e.g.You'renotstillupsetwithme,areyou?upsetstomach;anillnessthataffectsthestomachandmakesyoufeelsickLanguagestudyupset;verb,MAKESOMEBODYUNHAPPY;tomakesomeonefeelunhappyorworried..e.g.Don'tdoanythingthatwouldupsethimCHANGESOMETHING;tochangeaplanorsituationinawaythatcausesproblemsupsettheapplecart,informal,tocompletelyspoilsomeone'splans2.fashion.[singular,uncountable]somethingthatispopularorthoughttobegoodataparticulartime;fashionfor,hefashionforso-called'discoverymethods'oflearning.fashionin..e.g.Theemergingscienceofphotographywasalreadychangingfashionsinart.Languagestudy[countable,uncountable]astyleofclothes,hairetcthatispopularataparticulartime.e.g.extremedesignswhichwillgooutoffashionasquicklyastheycamein[uncountable]thebusinessorstudyofmakingandsellingclothes,shoesetcinnewandchangingstyles..e.g.aleadingmen'sfashionmagazine;thefallfashionshowsinNewYork,Milan,andParisina...Fashion;inaparticularway.E.g.Shewillbeworkingoutherproblemsinherownfashionafterafashion,notverymuch,notverywell,ornotveryeffectively.e.g.'CanyouspeakRussian?''Afterafashion.'Languagestudyafterthefashionofsomebody;inastylethatistypicalofaparticularperson..e.g.HerearlyworkisverymuchafterthefashionofPicassoandBraque.likeit'sgoingoutoffashion;informal,usethistoemphasizethatsomeonedoessomethingalotorusesalotofsomething.e.g.Danny'sbeenspendingmoneylikeit'sgoingoutoffashion3.appeal.[intransitive]tomakeaseriouspublicrequestforhelp,money,informationetcappealfor;e.g.Churchandcommunityleadershaveappealedforcalm.appealto..e.g.Farmershaveappealedtothegovernmentforhelp.Languagestudyappealtosomebodytodosomething..e.g.Thepolicehaveappealedtoanyonewithinformationtocomeforwardandtalktothem.[intransitiveandtransitive]tomakeaformalrequesttoacourtorsomeoneinauthorityaskingforadecisiontobechanged;.e.g.Sheisnothappywiththedecisionandplanstoappeal.appealagainst..e.g.Bothmenintendtoappealagainsttheirconvictions.appealto.E.g.Appealingtotherefereedoesnotoftenresultinadecisionbeingchanged.[intransitive]ifsomeoneorsomethingappealstoyou,theyseemattractiveandinteresting.appealtoTheprogrammeappealsespeciallytoyoungchildren.appealtosomebody'sbetternature/senseofjusticeetctotrytopersuadesomeonetodosomethingbyremindingthemthatitisagoodorfairthingtodo.e.g.Youcouldalwaystryappealingtohisbetternature.Languagestudy4.permanent.continuingtoexistforalongtimeorforallthetimeinthefuture,(opposite)temporary.E.g.Hegaveupapermanentjobinordertofreelance.ￚpermanencealsopermanencynoun[uncountable].e.g.thepermanenceofparentallove5.radical.aradicalchangeordifferenceisverybigandimportant..e.g.Theyareproposingradicalchangestothewaythecompanyisrun.radicalideasareverynewanddifferent,andareagainstwhatmostpeoplethinkorbelieveￚseealsoconservativeHehasputforwardsomeveryradicalideassomeonewhoisradicalhasideasthatareverynewanddifferent,andagainstwhatmostpeoplethinkorbelieve.E..g.aradicalleft-wingpoliticianLanguagestudyradical(noun).[countable],someonewhohasnewanddifferentideas,especiallysomeonewhowantscompletesocialandpoliticalchange.e.g.radicalsontheextremeleftwingofthepartyradicalismnoun[uncountable]6.identity.[uncountableandcountable]someone'sidentityistheirnameorwhotheyare.e.g.Journalistsshouldhavetoproduceproofofidentity.[uncountable]thequalitiesandattitudesthatapersonorgroupofpeoplehave,thatmakethemdifferentfromotherpeople..e.g.Childrenneedcontinuity,security,andasenseofidentity.national/cultural/socialetcidentity(=astrongfeelingofbelongingtoaparticulargroup,raceetc)..e.g.Ourstrongsenseofnationalidentityhasbeenshapedbyourhistory.Languagestudyidentitycrisis/crisisofidentity(=afeelingofuncertaintyaboutwhoyoureallyareandwhatyourpurposeis).e.g.Myfatherexperiencedanidentitycrisisinmiddleage.identificationparade;alsoidentityparade[countable]BritishEnglishaprocessinwhichsomeonewhohasseenacrimetakeplacelooksatagroupofpeopletoseeiftheycanrecognizethecriminalAmericanEquivalent:line-upidentitycard,[countable]acardwithyourname,dateofbirth,andphotographonit,thatproveswhoyouareSynonym,IDcardLanguagestudy7.negative.harmful,unpleasant,ornotwanted.ￚoppositepositive..e.g.Mydrinkingwasstartingtohaveanegativeeffectonmywork.consideringonlythebadqualitiesofasituation,personetcandnotthegoodones.e.g.studentswithanegativeattitudetoschoolsayingormeaning'no‘;negativeanswer/reply/response