2019届高考英语阅读理解精选细做：科技类

2019届高考英语阅读理解精选细做：科技类科技类1、    Abuld-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5' 5'sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sdelicate.B.It'sexpensive.C.It'scomplex.D.It'sportable.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.Thetube.B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.3.What’sthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheet'scenterdown.D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.4.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupform   .A.theplastictubeB.outsidetheholeC.theopenairD.beneaththesheet2、   Afteryearsofresearchandtesting,thehybridcarwasdevelopedandputonthemarket.It’saninterestingandexcitingnewimprovementintoday’sworldaswelookforbetterwaystoprotectthequalityoftheairwebreatheandconserveournaturalresources.Thequalityofourairisaffectedbymanydifferentthings.Butoneofthelargestsourcesofairpollutionistheburningoffossilfuelssuchascoalandgasolinewhichisusedtopoweracar’sengine.TheEPAhassetnationalstandardstohelpcontrolthelevelofharmfulpollutantssentoffintotheair,andtheautomobileindustryhasactedbyproducingahybridcarthatuseslessgasandthereforecauseslesspollution.Ahybridcarisacombinationofaregularcarthatrunsongasolineandanelectriccarthatisbatterypowered.Somepeopletendtothinkthatsincethehybridcarispartiallyelectric,youhavetoplugitintochargeit.Butthat’snothowitworks.The144voltbatterypackisactuallyrechargedthroughtheenergythatisproducedwhenthecar’sbrakesareused.Thisisreferredtoas “regenerativebraking”,becauseitgenerateselectricity.Althoughthehybridcarstillrunsongasolinemostofthetime,thishelpsituselessgasthanaregularcar.Whenthedriverstopsatatrafficlight,theengineautomaticallyshutsofftosavefuel.Then,assoonasthedriverputsthecaringearandtouchesthegaspedal,theenginestartsbackup.Haveyoueverriddeninacarwithsomeonewhoranoutofgas?Thatprobablywouldn’thappenifyouwereridinginahybridcar.Itflashesawarningonitscomputerscreenthatsays, “Iamlowongas”.Whenitcompletelyrunsout,thewarningreads,“YOUARENOWOUTOFGAS!” Thentheelectricpowersupplykicksintoletthedrivertravelafewmoremilestoagasstation.1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thehybridcarwillbeputonthemarket.B.Hybridcarsrunfasterthanregularcars.C.Whenthehybridcarstopsatatrafficlight,thedriverwillgetawarning.D.Theburningoffossilfuelsisoneofthelargestsourcesofairpollution.2.Accordingtothepassage,theword “hybrid” refersto________.A.ccordingtothepassage,theword"hybrid"refersto________.A.ahigh-techdiscoveryB.energysavingC.anewinventionD.acombinationoftwothings3.“Regenerativebreaking” isanimportantprocessofthehybridcarbecause________.A.itallowsthecartocometoaquickstopB.itgivesthedriverasmootherrideC.itproducesenergytochargethebatteryD.itcancontrolthespeedofthecar4.WhichofthefollowingisrightabouttheEPA?A.Theydesignedhybridcars.B.Theyoutlawed(宣布……为不合法)theburningoffossilfuels.C.Theysetimportantguidelinesthathelpcontrolpollution.D.Theirmainpurposeistoprotectendangeredplantsandanimals.5.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonfordevelopinghybridcars?A.Theyuselessgasthanregularcars.B.They'resafertodrivethanmostcars.C.They'remoremodernthanothercars.D.Theycostlessthanregularcars.3、   Gettingstitched(缝合)upbyDr.Robotmayonedaybereality.Scientistshavecreatedaroboticsystemwhichdidjustthatinlivinganimalswithoutarealdoctorpulling,thestrings.Muchlikeengineersaredesigningself-drivingcars,themedicalresearchispartofamovetowardautonomoussurgicalrobots,removingthesurgeon’shandsfromcertaintasksthatamachinemightperformallbyitself.   Doctorswouldn’tleavethebedsidethey’resupposedtowatch,plusthey’dhandletherestofthesurgery.Insmalltestsusingpigs,theroboticarmperformedatleastaswell,andinsomecasesabitbetter,assomecompetingsurgeonsinstitchingtogetherintestinal(肠的)tissue.“Thepurposewasn’ttoreplacesurgeons,”saidDr.Kimwholedtheproject.“Ifyouhaveallintelligenttoolthatworkswithasurgeon,canitimprovetheoutcome?That’swhatwehavedone.”Ifyou’veheardaboutmachineslikethepopularDaVincisystem,youmightthinkrobotsalreadyareoperating.Notreally.Todaymanyhospitalsoffer,robot-assistedsurgerywheresurgeonsusethemachineryastoolsthattheycontrolbyhand,typically,tooperatethroughtinyopeningsinthebody.Butrobot-assistedsurgeryhasbeencontroversial,assomestudieshaveshownitcanbringhighercostswithoutbetteroutcomes.Kim’steamatChildren’sSheikhZayedInstituteinventedthenewSTARsystem—itstandsforSmartTissueAutonomousRobot—workssortoflikeaprogrammablesewingmachine.Theyaddedsensorstohelpguideeachstitchandtellhowtightlytopull.Buttheapproachwasn’tperfect.Inthelivinganimals,therobottookmuchlongerandmadeafewstitchingmistakeswhilethesurgeonsewingbyhandmadenone.Kimsaidtherobotcanbespedup.Fiehopestobeginhumanstudiesintwoorthreeyears.1.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.AnewroboticsystemB.Anew-stylewayofstitchingC.Thenewly-designeddriverlessvehiclesD.Robotsurgeonsonestepclosertoreality2.WhatwillsurgeonsdowhenDr.Robotisusedinsurgery?A.Theycanhelppullthestrings.B.Theyrestatthebedside.C.Theyjoininwhennecessary.D.Theyperformothersurgery.3.Somepeopleareagainstusingrobotsinsurgeryprobablybecause_________.A.theycanbeoutofcontrolB.theywilltakeshortertimeC.theymaybeexpensivetouseD.theyarelikelytocausegreatpain4.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Dr.Robotcantaketheplaceofsurgeons.B.Dr.Robotwillbedevelopedatafastpace.C.Dr.Robothasbeentestedwithhumantrials.D.Dr.Robotcanfreedoctors’handsintheoperation.4、   Ahybridelectricvehicle(混合动力车)orHEVisavehicledrivenbythecombinationofpetrolengineandelectricmotor.TerrencehasbeendrivingaHEVforfiveyears.Hereallydoesn’tunderstandwhymorepeoplearen’tacceptingthem.“Iprobablyspendabout$7adayonpetrol,”thetaxidrivertoldnews.com.au.InhispreviousconventionalvehicleTerrencesaidhewasspendingupto$30adayonpetrol,meaninghesavesalmost$6000everyyear.TheToyotaspokesmansaidthiswasquiteahighsavingandofficialtestsestimate(估计)anaveragedriverwouldonlysaveabout33percentofftheircurrentbill.Thismeansadriverpaying$30adayonpetrolwouldseetheirbilldroptoabout$20usingthehybrid.“Ataxidriverthatdrivesinbuilt-upareasandspendslittletimeonhighwayswillnoticeahigherfuelsaving,”hesaid.“Lowspeedsallowtheelectricmotorstobeusedmoreandthepetrolengineusedless.”Whilesomepeopleareskepticalabouthowreliablehybridsare,Terrencesaidhehadneverrunoutofpower.HisCamrycostabout$34,000andsoafterfiveyears,it’snearlypaidforitself.“Forcabdrivers,it’sarealadvantagebecauseofthecost-effectiveness,”hesaid.       Terrencehasnocomplaintsaboutthecar.“Iloveit,thecalmandquietnessofit,thesimplicityofit—youjustjumpinandgo.Themaintenance(保养)isreallylow.Buttheonlydifficultyisfindingsomeonetoservicethecarastherearenotmanyexperiencedmechanics(机修工).”Terrencesaidit’s“extraordinary”thatmoredriversaren’tbuyingmorehybridelectricvehiclesandthatgovernmentsarenotencouragingthismore.“Ithinkpeoplehaveaviewthatyouhavetoplugitin,whichisnottrue.Alackofinformationaboutthecarsmaybestoppingpeoplefromtakingtheplunge.It’snotpromotedatallforthepublictounderstand—it’ssimplifyingtheactualowningofacar—youdon’thavetodosomanythingstoownitandrunit,it’sjustsomuchsimpler.Whywouldn’tthegovernmentpromotesuchathing?”1.Howmuchdoesanaveragedriversaveeachdaybydrivingahybrid,accordingtotheToyotaspokesman?A.$30B.$20C.$10D.$72.Terrence’sproblemwithhisHEVatthemomentisaboutthe________.A.speedB.powerC.priceD.service3.Whensaying“extraordinary”,Terrencethinksitis________.A.understandableB.wonderfulC.doubtfulD.unbelievable4.WhatdoesTerrencethinkpreventthepopularityofhybridcars?A.Thedifficultyinservicingthecar.B.Therestrictionofthegovernment.C.ThelackofinformationaboutHEV.D.Theinconveniencewithchargingthecar.5、   Humanshavebeenkeepinganimalsaspetsfortensofthousandsofyears,butDr.Jean-LoupRault,ananimalscientistattheUniversityofMelbourneinAustralia,believesnewcompanionsarecoming:robotpets.“Technologyismovingveryfast,”RaulttoldABCNews,“TheTamagotchiintheearly1990swasreallythefirstroboticpet,andnowSonyandotherbigcompanieshaveimprovedthemalot.”Thismaynotsitwellwithpetlovers.Afterall,whowouldchooseaplastictoyoveralovelypuppy?ButRaultarguesthattherobotickindhasalotgoingforit:“Youdon’thavetofeedit,youdon’thavetowalkit,itwon’tmakeamessinyourhouse,andyoucangoonaholidaywithoutfeelingguilty.”Thetechnologyalsobenefitsthosewhoareallergictopets,shortonspace,orfearfulofrealanimals.It’snotclearwhetherrobotpetscanreplacerealones.Butstudiesdosuggestthatwecanbond(紧密联系)withthesesmartmachines.Peoplegivetheircarsnamesandkidsgivetheirtoyanimalslifestories.It’sthesamewithrobots.WhenSonystoppeditsrepairserviceforitsrobotdogAiboinMarch2014,ownersinJapanheldfunerals.Asananimalwelfareresearcher,Raultisconcernedabouthowroboticpetscouldaffectourattitudestowardsliveanimals.“Ifwebecomeusedtoaroboticcompanionthatdoesn’tneedfood,waterorexercises,perhapsitwillchangehowhumanscareaboutotherlivingbeings.”Hesaid.Soaredogsandcatsathingofthepast,asRaultpredicts?Forthosewhogrewupwithlivingandbreathingpets,themechanicalkindmightnotdo.Butforournextgenerationwhoareinconstanttouchwithsmarttechnology,afutureinwhichlovelypetsneedn’thaveaheartbeatmightnotbeafar-fetcheddream.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“sitwellwith”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Berefusedby.B.Bebeneficialto.C.Receivesupportfrom.D.Makeadifferenceto.2.Whoisfondofkeepingrobotpets?A.Thosewhoarenotfearfulofrealanimals.B.Thosewhogrewupwithlivingbeings.C.Thosewhowilldevelopstrongbondwiththeirmachines.D.Thosewhoareoftenexposedtosmarttechnology.3.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.RobotpetsarecomingB.ThepopularityofrobotpetsC.LivingpetsaredyingoutD.Theadvantagesofrobottoys6、   ModerndayrobotsmaynotbeasentertainingasR2D2ortherobotfromLostinSpace,butrobotsareveryimportanttospaceexplorationandarebeingusedinavarietyofdifferentwaysforseveralimportantreasons.Robotsmakegreatexplorersonplanets,moons,andotherlandingareas.Asidefromtheearth,justabouteverysurfaceinthesolarsystemisunsafeforhumanstoexplore.Theaironmostotherplanetsisinsufficientforhumanstobreathe,makingitnecessarytowearaspacesuitandoxygenequipment.Thetemperaturesonthesesurfacesaremuchtoohotormuchtoocoldforanyhumanstowithstand.Plustherewouldbecomplicationswithradiation,weather,andalackofgravity.Robotshavemuchlesslimitationintheseareasandcansurvivemuchlongerundertheseconditions.Robotsaredesignedforcollectingscientificdata.Robotsarealsoabletoperformmanytasksatonetimeandcanprocessinformationmuchquickerandmoreefficiently.Importantscientificprojectsfromdetectingminerals,analyzinggroundsamples,andfindingwaterareallperformedmuchquickerandaccuratelybyrobots.Theuseofrobotshasmadethecostofspaceexplorationmuchlessexpensivethanitwouldcostforhumanstodothework.Inordertosuccessfullysendhumansintospacewewouldneedtobuildavehiclethatcannotonlycarryhumans,butalsoenoughfoodandwatertokeepthemaliveforthedurationofthetrip.Moreover,robotshavenoproblemsworkingforhoursonend.Robotsnevercomplain,theydon’trequirefoodorwater,andtheyneverneedabathroombreak.Overthepast30yearsorsotherehavebeenmanydifferenttypesofrobotsusedsuccessfullyintheexplorationofspace.PerhapsthemostfamousandsuccessfulrobotsareSpiritandOpportunitywhohavebothbeenexploringthesurfaceofMars.TheyhavebothbeenverysuccessfulwithexperimentsonsoilandrocksandhaveevenfoundevidenceofwaterinMars’history.1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheDevelopmentofRobotsB.TheDiscoveryofSpaceExplorationC.NoRobots,NoSpaceExplorationD.RobotsAreUsedinSpaceExploration2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Theuseofrobotsinspaceexplorationcostsmorethantheuseofhumans.B.Itisdangerousforhumanstoexploreothersurfacesinthesolarsystemexcepttheearth.C.BothSpiritandOpportunityhavefoundtheevidenceofwateronMars.D.Manydifferenttypesofrobotshaveexploredthespacesuccessfully.3.Theunderlinedword“withstand”mostprobablymeans“______”A.remainB.bearC.defeatD.develop4.Whatisthewriter'sattitudeinthispassage?A.Negative(消极的)B.Critical(批判性的)C.Subjective(主观的)D.Objective(客观的)7、   USprivaterocketcompanySpaceXhasannouncedthattwoprivatecitizenshavepaidtobesentaroundtheMoon.Themission(任务)isplannedforlate2018.SpaceXCEOElonMusksaid,"Thispresentsanopportunityforhumanstoreturntodeepspaceforthefirsttimein45years."Thetwounnamedpeoplewillflyaboardaspaceshipwhichissetforitsfirstunmannedtestflightlaterthisyear.Theco-operationofAmerica'sNASAspaceagencyhadmadetheplanpossible.Mr.Musksaid,"Thetwopassengerswilltravelfasterandfurtherintothesolarsystemthananybeforethem."LiketheApolloastronautsbeforethem,theseindividualswilltravelintospacecarryingthehopesanddreamsofallhumankind,drivenbytheuniversalhumanspiritofexploration."Weexpecttoconducthealthandfitnesstests,aswellasbegininitialtraininglaterthisyear.Thefirstmissionwouldbeunmanned,andthenextone―withcrew―wasexpectedinthesecondquarterof2018,"therichbusinessmanandinventorsaid,"Thefirstpassengersareenteringthiswiththeireyesopen,knowingthatthereissomeriskhere.They'recertainlynotchildish,andwe'lldoeverythingwecantoreducethatrisk,butit'snotzero."ThespacetouristswouldmakeacirclearoundtheMoon,scanningthelunarsurfaceandthengoingwellbeyond.However,themissionwillnotinvolvealunarlanding."IfNASAdecidedtotakepartinalunarfly-bymission,thentheagencywouldhaveprivilege,"Mr.Musksaid.TheUShasnotsentastronautstotheMoonsincetheearly1970s.1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Thetwotouristscan'taffordtoflyaroundthemoon.B.Spacetravelsarerootedinthespiritofhumanexploration.C.Initialtrainingisexpectedtobeconductedatthebeginningof2018.D.Thetwotouristsareexpectedtoflyataslowspeed.2.Theagencyhasprivilegebecause______A.itneedsco-operationwithMr.MuskB.ithasprevioustechnicalskillsC.itwillbeabletoremovealltherisksD.ithastomakemoneyforresearch3.Wherecanyoumostprobablyreadthetext?A.Inatextbook.B.Inasciencefiction.C.Inatravelbrochure.D.Onanewswebsite.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheComingMoonTripofTwoPrivateCitizensB.AnOpportunitytoExploreSpacefortheFirstTimeC.APaidTripPlannedbySpaceXto'LandontheMoonD.TwoUnmannedMissionsofCirclingaroundtheMoon8、   A10-year-oldboyrideshisbicycleslowlytoabusycrossing.Infrontofhim,carsandSUVsspeedby,withoutpausing.Hewaitsforagapintraffic.Whenheseesone,hepushesoff,gainingspeed.Butbythetimehe'shalfwayacross,acarisalmostcominginfrontofhim.Hemakesittotheotherside—butjustbarely.Thissceneusuallyhappensacrossthecountry,butinthiscase,itoccurredinacompletelysafeenvironment.Thebikeisstationary.ThestreetisactuallyalaboratoryattheUniversityofIowa,surroundedbythreehugescreens.The‘‘cars’’are3-Dvirtualimages.Andtheentireprocessisobservedbyresearcherswhoaretryingtounderstandthefactorsthatputchildrenatriskwhencrossingthestreetonabikeoronfoot.Crossingthestreetisoneofthefirstexperiencesinachild'slife.TheresearchersinIowaarelookingtolearnmoreaboutthatdecision-makingprocesswiththegoalsthatincludegivingparentsinformationthatcouldhelpthemwhenthey’rediscussingsafetywithyoungchildren.Theriskschildrenfaceontheroadarereal:531,340childrenwereinjuredin2014onabicycle.Mostofthedatatheteamhascollectedfocusonchildrencrossingthestreetonbicycles.Researchersrecordwhenkidsbelieveit'ssafetocrossthestreet,childreninthe10-12-year-oldgroupoftenareactuallyclosetoadultsintermsofthegapstheythinksafetocross.Theproblemishowwelltheyareabletoactonthosejudgements.“Theirtimingofmovementisnotasgoodasadults,”Plumert,oneoftheresearcherssaid."Theydelaywhentheystartcrossing.Asaresult,theyactuallyhavelesstimetosparebeforethenextcarcomes."Whenadultsanticipate(预见)agapintrafficafteranapproachingcarpasses,they'llactuallybegincrossingwhilethatcarisstillinfrontofthem.Childrenwaituntilthatfirstcarhasgonebycompletely,givingthemlesstimetocrossbeforethenextcarnears.1.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytellus?A.Anexperimentbeingdoneonkidsridingbikes.B.Anaccidentwhichhappenedatabusycrossing.C.Ascenewhichwasfilmedonacountryroad.D.Aterriblecasemadeupbyagroupofresearchers.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"stationary"mostprobablymean?A.Movingslowly.B.Speedingup.C.Remainingstill.D.Beingindanger.3.Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A.Ridingabicycleposesarisktochildren.B.Crossingastreetonfootisverysafetokids.C.Parentsknowlittleaboutsafetyontheroad.D.Driversoftenfailtospotthecyclingchildren.4.Whatistheresultoftheexperiments?A.Children’sjudgementondistanceisusuallynotcorrect.B.Childrenusuallycrosswhilethecarisstillinfrontofthem.C.Childrencan’twaitfortheapproachingcarstopassby.D.Childrenhavelesstimetocrossbywaitingforthecarstogobycompletely.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.D;2.B;3.C;4.D解析：1.推理判断题。由第一段第三句“Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.”可知,这种太阳能蒸馏器是便携的,因此选D。2.词义猜测题。此处的语境是“要搭建一个能工作的蒸馏器……在潮湿的地方挖洞,以增加watercatcher的工作效率”。从画线部分的语境看,这里的watercatcher指前文提到的aworkingstill,因此选B。3.细节理解题。由第三段第一句中的步骤可知,用一块石头把这块塑料布的中间部分往下坠是最后一步,这与C项的Weightthesheet’scenterdown吻合,因此选C。4. 细节理解题。最后一段说,地表水蒸发(evaporates),并凝聚(collects)到塑料布上,形成小水滴(smalldropsofwater),水滴顺着塑料布流下来(rundown),然后掉落进杯子里(falloffintothecup),因此收集水滴的杯子是在塑料布下面。2答案及解析：答案：1.D;2.D;3.C;4.C;5.A解析：3答案及解析：答案：1.D;2.C;3.C;4.B解析：4答案及解析：答案：1.C;2.D;3.D;4.C解析：5答案及解析：答案：1.C;2.D;3.A解析：6答案及解析：答案：1.D;2.A;3.B;4.D解析：7答案及解析：答案：1.B;2.B;3.D;4.A解析：8答案及解析：答案：1.A;2.C;3.A;4.D解析：1.主旨大意题.根据第一段中的“A10-year-oldboyrideshisbicycleslowlytoabusycrossing.”和“itoccurredinacompletelysafeenvironment.”可知,第一段描述的情景实际上是研究人员在实验室做实验的情形。2.词义猜测题.根据下文可知,这是在实验室里面,三面都是屏幕,汽车是3D图像.由此猜测,自行车是静止不动的,所以选C项。3.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句"...531,340childrenwereinjuredin2014onabicycle.”可知,仅2014年一年就有531340个孩子因骑自行车受伤。由此可知,孩子骑自行车存在比较大的安全风险。4.细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Childrenwaituntilthatfirstcarhasgonebycompletely,givingthemlesstimetocrossbeforethenextcarnears.”可知,D项正确。