非谓语动词完整PPT课件

非谓语.非谓语动词动名词v-ing分词现在分词v-ing过去分词p.p动词不定式todo.非谓的不同形式否定式：在之前加“not”.1.Swimmingishisfavoritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Hisfavoritesportisswimming.4.Theswimmingpoolinourvillageisbeingbuilt.（作主语）（作宾语）（作 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语）（作定语）.enjoyfinishpracticemindavoidsuggestadmitescapemissimaginerisk+doing作宾语①.adviseconsiderallowpermitforbid+doingsb.todo②注意.lookforwardtocan’thelpbeusedtocan’tstandhavefunfeellikegiveupputoffpayattentiontohavedifficulty(in)insistonleadtodevotetoobjectto+doing③.likelovepreferstartbegincontinue+doingtodo4.forgetrememberregretstoptrymeangoon+doingtodo5.needwantrequiredeservebeworth+doingtobedone6.动词不定式1.Toseeyouisglad.=Itisgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）常用it作形式主语.句型1：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的）Eg.Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.(1)作主语.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.句型2：It+谓语+todo句型3：It’s+n.+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.It’sourduty__helpthepoor..1.常见动词有：(2)作宾语2.见动名词用法.wantexpectwishallowadviseaskcauseforcebegencourageinviteorder warnremindpermitpromiserequestpersuade…sb.todo(3)作宾补.1.Makelessnoise，there’sasleepingchild.  Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.  2.作后置定语3.作表语1.作前置定语.现分和过分作定语的区别：boilingwater正在沸腾的水（表正在进行）boiledwater开水（表完成）developingcountries发展中国家developedcountries发达国家adisappointinglook一个令人失望的表情adisappointedlook一个失望的表情注：修饰人的表情、脸色、情感等要用v-ed.Eg.Withadisappointedlookonhisface,helookedverysad.（复印资料）.Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.4.作补语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1.Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.2.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.5.作状语.Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.Whentheyheardthebadnews分词作状语：.Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention.Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.Becausehewassoangry.Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing..Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard..将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder..2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome..Hestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.复印资料练习.不定式和分词作补语的区别：1.“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看：see、watch、lookat、notice、observe3使：make、let、have2听：hear、listento1感觉：feel.seewatchlookatobservenoticehearlistentofeel+sb./sth.+dodoingdone注：以上词语用于被动语态要还原“to”..注意：1.havesth.done还表示“使…遭受…”Eg:Mr.Smithhadhishousebrokenintowhilehewasawayonholiday.2.havesb.doing用于否定句中表示“容忍”Eg:Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat..2.leave、keep、set、find、catch、with.Eg:Keeptheengine['endʒɪn]running.Weshouldkeepthewindowsclosed..Eg:Wefoundhim(tobe)dishonest.Eg:Icaughthimreadingmyprivateletter..Eg:Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,themanishavingahardtime..五.动名词的复合结构1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词在句中作主语:Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.2).人称代词宾格/名词+动名词在句中作宾语:I`msureofhimcomingontime.Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.Idon’tmindJack(him)going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smoking..独立主格结构一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。独立主格结构（IndependentGenitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。　　独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed..1．独立主格结构的形式：（1）名词/代词+-ing分词及其短语Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2）名词/代词+-ed分词及其短语Good-byesaid,wewenthome.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan..（3）名词/代词+形容词及其短语Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.（4）名词/代词+不定式及其短语Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth..（5）名词/代词+副词及其短语Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.（6）名词/代词+介词及其短语Shestoodthere,bookinhand.Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner..2．with+复合宾语结构这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。（1）with+名词/代词+名词Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh..（2）with+名词/代词+介词Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.Familydependants,whenill,enjoyfreemedicaltreatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.（3）with+名词/代词+副词Hewentoutwithhishaton.Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson..4）with+名词/代词+形容词Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.5）with+名词/代词+-ing分词Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather..（6）with+名词/代词+-ed分词Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Hediedwithhislife’sworkstillunfinished.Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.（7）with+名词/代词+不定式Theyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodomostofthework.Thiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestobeovercome.Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere..3.由Therebeing+主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。.Thanksalot!.不定式、动名词用作主语1。直接作主语（1）眼见为实（2）今天早晨做早操对身体无益（3）在这里吸烟很危险1.Toseeistobelieve2.Todomorningexercisestodayisnotgoodforhealth.3.Tosmokehereisdangerous（1）眼见为实。（2）天天做早操有益于健康。（3）吸烟不是好习惯。1.Seeingisbelieving.2.Doingmorningexerciseseverydayisgoodforhealth3.Smokingisnotagoodhabit不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作.A:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for引起的短语。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B:下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个of引起的短语，这些形容词是：(表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性）kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.It‘swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.It’swrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion..动名词作主语用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型（1）广说不做没用（2）做无益的后悔没用（3）吸烟太多无益（4）学好英语是值得做的4.It’sworthwhilelearningEnglishwell.2.用it作形式主语，常与nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile连用1.It’snousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganything2.It’suselesscryingoverthespiltmilk3.It’snogoodsmokingtoomuch1.It’snouse______(sit)herewaiting.2.Thereisno______(say)whatwillhappennext.3.Isitanygood______(tell)himthetruth?4.Itisgreatfun_____(play)golf..小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别一、对称原则二、特殊表达三、固定句型四、习惯用法主语和表语对称动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作IttakessbsometimetodosthIt’snouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doing…It’skind/wise/clever…ofsbtodosthIt’simportant/necessary/hard…forsbtodosth.（3）做表语：主语+系动词+不定式1).其主语多为抽象名词(wish,need)Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.2).betodo可构成将来时态,表“准备/打算/ 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 /需要”;Sheistoreturnnextweek.Itwasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain..不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。Shecoulddonothingbutcry．Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo．(4)作定语 不定式作定语时， 通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：I have a lot of work to do. Here are some books for you to read.She was the first person to think of the idea.They made a plan to study English .He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall..不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。Shecoulddonothingbutcry．Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo．(4)作定语 不定式作定语时， 通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：I have a lot of work to do. Here are some books for you to read.She was the first person to think of the idea.They made a plan to study English .He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall..1).目的状语:可放于句首,也可放于句末,前面可加inorder/soas/so…asto表强调.Hewenttoseetheartisthimself.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime2).结果状语:主要用在enoughto/too…to…/onlyto结构中。Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork.3).原因状语:主语+系动词+adj.+todo表感情的adj.有:happy,surprised,pleased,glad,sorry,anxious(忧虑),disappointed,careful,afraid,wrong.I’mverysorrytoseeyou.Hewasafraidtoleavehimhome.动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。.WhenIgothome,mysonhappenedtobewatchingTV.如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。Sheissaidtohavereadthirtynovelsthisyear.I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong．Aftergraduation,heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.ThisnovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoFrench..怎样区分动名词和现在分词Myjobisteaching.换位法HerjobisgettingeverythinginorderintheofficeTheplayisexciting.≠ExcitingistheplayThestoryhetolduswasveryinteresting≠Interestingwasthestoryhetoldus.作表语作定语⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。awashingmachine＝amachineforwashing.四.动名词的时态和语态完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。例如Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.Hedidin’tmentionhavingmetyoubefore2.被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：Shedidn’tmindbeingcalledahousewife.