新标准大学英语视听说教程4-听力原文及翻译

新标准大学英语视听说教程4-听力原文及翻译Unit1OutsideviewConversation1Li:Whatawonderfulview!Thisissuchagreatcity!DoyouevergettiredoflivinginLondon,AndyA;"WhenamanistiredofLondon,heistiredoflife,forthereisinLondonallthatlifecanafford"Li:That'saquotationbySamuelJohnson,isn'tit?A:Correct,sodoyouhaveanyplanswhenyoufinishatOxford?Li:I'vegotanotheryeartogoandthenIsupposeI'llgobackhome.A;Andyouwillfindajob?Li:IthinkIhavetodomyMaster'sbeforeIlookforwork.ButImustadmitLondonisveryspecial.DoyouthinkyouwouldeverleaveLondon?A:Sure,I'dlovetocometochinaoneday,andIliketraveling.ButithinkI'llalwayscomebackhere.Li:Well,yourrootsarehereandtherearesomanyopportunities.A;ButhaveyoueverthoughtoflivinginLondonforayearortwo?Li:Yes,butwhatcouldIdohereIhadplannedtobecomeateacher.Butihaveoftenthoughtiftherewasajobicoulddohereinpublishing,maybeasaneditor,I'llgoforit.A:That'ssoundslikeagreatidea.IthinkthatwouldreallysuityouLi:MaybeIshouldupdatemyCVandsendittooneortwopublisher.A:Don'tmakeitlooktoogoodLi:Whynot?A;Well,ifyouenjoyworkingwithLondonTimeOff,wedon'twantyouworkingwithanyoneelseLi:Oh,workingwithyouandJoeit'sgreatfunandreallyinteresting.Icouldn'tthinkofabetterwaytofindoutaboutacityA;SomaybeyoushouldthinkaboutapplyingforajobwithusLi:ButdoyouthinkI'dstandachance(有可能，有希望)Imean,I'mnotsureifJoelikesmeA:Don'teventhinkaboutit!JoeisverystraighttalkingandIpromiseyouthatyou'dknowifhedidn'tlikeyou.Li:PerhapsweshouldbothupdateourCVsandlookforjobstogetherA:Hey,right!Thatwouldbefun.Conversation2Li:Talkingaboutfutureplans,howdoyouseeyourcareerdeveloping?A:Mycareer?Well,IlikeworkingforLondonTimeOff.It'sapartofalargermediacompanycalledLiftoffUSA,sotherearelotsofopportunities.But...Li:But...What?A:It'snotalwaysveryeasyworkingwithJoe.Imean,Ikindofthinkhehasadifferentagenda（differentwayofthinkingfromAndy不一样的想法）.Ilikehiswork,butsometimesIdon'tthinkhisheartisinhisjob.Li:HowdidheendupinLondon?A:HedidmediastudiesintheStates,andthenfoundworkasagofer（杂工）atLiftoffUSAinNewYork.Li:What'sagofer?A:Goforthis,goforthat.It'sawordfortheleastexperiencedpersoninthefilmandTVindustry.ThenhecametoLondonandgotaproperjobasaresearcheratLiftoffUK,andthenafterafewyearshegottheproducer'sjobinLondonTimeOffLi:Heisgoodathisjob,isn'the?A:Yes,heisconfidentandcompetentatwhathedoes,sothepeoplewhoworkwithhimratehimquitehighly（speakhighlyof）.Li:Exceptyou?A:No,Iratehimtoo.AndIgetonwithhimquitewell,althoughwearenotbestbudiesoranythinglikethat,it'sjust...Iwanthisjob!Li:Nowweknowyourlittlesecret.IpromiseIwon'ttellanyoneA:Janet,therewassomethingIwasgoingtoaskyou...Li:Sure,whatisit?A:Iwaswondering...oh,it'snothing.Anyway,allthistalkaboutyourfuturecareerismakingmethirsty.Let'sgoforadrink.Li:WhoisroundA:You...Outsideview:HowtogetajobGraduation.Whatabigday!Yourlifeisabouttobegin!Andthenyourparentssay..."Getajob".Itellyou!Lookingforyourfirstjoboutofcollegecanbeprettyhard.Readingallthejoblistingissoannoying.Eventryingtofigureoutwhattheactualjobiscanbedifficult.Searchingthroughthewantadscanbesoboring.Andwritingyourresumeisreallyhardwork."Idon'thavethatdayopen."Gettingajobinterview,andthengoingonit—thewholeprocessisprettytough."Sorrytokeepyouwaiting.Uh,haveaseat.""Ihaveyourresumehere,andyouareinterestedintheassistant'sposition.""Yeah,yeah""Well,therightcandidateforthisjobhastobeveryoutgoingandsociable.Afterallitisasaleposition.""Well,I'marealextrovert(性格外向的人).Definitely.""Andtherightcandidatehastohavegreatself-confidence.Customersneedtofeelthatyouknowwhatyou'retalkingabout.""Well,I'mreallyself-confident.UmIknowwhatI'mtalkingaboutandIthinkIcanprojectthat""So,whatskillswouldyoubringtothisjob"""Well,IrealizethatI'mcompletelyoverqualifiedforthisposition.Imean,um,inmylastjob,Iwasrunningthewholeplace.""Oh,soyou'vesupervisedpeople""Yep,fiveofthem.So,obviouslyIcoulddothisjob,noproblem.Ialsohavereallygoodcomputerskills.Umwhatelsedoyouwanttoknowaboutme""Eh..."EventhoughIwastryingreallyhard,eventhoughIhadsentoutabout300resumes,eventhoughIaskedallmyfriendandrelativesiftheyknewofanything.Iwasn'tgettinganywhere!Despiteallmybestefforts,Iwasstillunemployed."Please,whydon'tyouseeacareercounsellor（顾问）I'llpayforit.Anythingtohelpyougetajob!""Samantha,I'mPhyllisStein.Welcome""Oh,hi,Phyllis.Nicetomeetyou."SoIfigure,heck,whynot?ImetwithPhyllisStein,aprofessionaljobcoach."Interviewingisvitaltogettingthejobthatyouwant."Sheshowedmehowtoprepareforaninterviewbydoingresearchonthepositionandthecompany.Andlatter,shecoachingmeonmyinterviewingskills."Iamgoingtopretendtobeyourinterviewer,andthenwe'llstopitandreplayitandlookatthevideoandseewhatwecouldlearnfromthat.OK""Idon'tthinkthatyoushouldgointoaninterviewhavingnotpractisedwithsomeofthequestionsthatareprettystandard.""Tellmeaboutyourself.""Well,myparents—mymomisasocialworker,andmydadisanengineer.""Yourpreparationisreallyimportant.""Whatdoyouknowaboutourorganization""Well,Isawon,um,ontheInternetthat,youdobusinesspublishingRight""Thereisawholerangeofthingsthathavetodowithhowyoupresentyourself/""WhyshouldIhireyou""Oh,well.,um,I'mareallyoutgoingperson,andIlike,Ilikepeoplealot.I'mresponsibleandnice.""Youneedtothinkaboutwhattheinterviewerisactuallylookingfor.""Samantha,whatwasamajorproblemthatyou'veencounteredandhowdidyousolveit""Ihaven'treallyhadanyproblemstodealwith.""Thankyou.Nowlet'slookatyourmockinterviewonvideotape.""Ithinkitboilsdown（归结为）topreparation,presentation,andunderstandingwhattheinterviewerislookingfor"(Watchingthevideotape)"Anotherwayofansweringitisnottellingaboutyourself,buttellingyourrelationshiptothejob."So,theydon'tcaresomuchaboutyourparentsandthatyouwanttoliveinCambridge.Theymayneedyoutobeabletobeatroubleshooter.Youusesomeexamplesinyourlifefrombeingatroubleshooter.""Oneofthethingsthatsomeonewhoisanassistantinatradeshowisdoing,isdealingwithproblems.Youneedtobesurethatyoustay,sortof,ontargetwithpreventing,presentingyourselfinthestrongestpossibleway."ThistimeIfeltalotmoreconfidentwhenIwentinfortheinterview."Ihavedevelopedstrongcommunicationskills.IncollegeIworkedontheschoolpaperandIbroughtsomewritingsamplestoshowyou.""Ialsoworkedeverysummeratabed-and-breakfast.""Iworkedalotwithourguests.Ibookedreservationoverthephone,gotthemwhattheyneeded,andhandledanycomplains.""Well,IfeellikeIdidreallywell.We'llsee."Makingagoodfirstimpressionisthemostimportantpartofajobinterview.Arrivingontimeandbeingconfidentarethemostimportantpartsofajobinterview.It'sveryimportantthatyouarebeingconfidentandyou'rebeingclearinyouranswersandlisteningcarefullyNotfidgeting（坐立不安，烦躁）andbeingconfidentarethemostimportantthingsinajobinterview.Writingathank-younoteisthemostimportantthingyouwanttodoafterajobinterview/Andgointherewithafirmhandshake.Listeningin"It'snotenoughtoaskwhatsuccessfulpeoplearelike...Itisonlybyaskingwheretheyarefromthatwecanunravelthelogicbehindwhosucceedandwhodoesn't"ThisisthebasicideaofanintriguingbookcalledOutliers,bytheAmericanjournalistMalclomGladwell.Thebookexploresthefactorswhichcontributetopeoplewhoareextremelysuccessfulintheircareers,forexample,therolethefamily,cultureandfriendplay.GladwellexaminesthecausesofwhythemajorityofCanadaicehokeyplayersareborninthefirstfewmonthsofthecalenderyear,whatthefounderofMicrosoftBillGatesdidtoachievehisextraordinarysuccess,andwhytheBeatlesmanagedtoredefinethewholeofpopularmusicinthe1960s.GladwellpointsoutthattheyouthhockeyleagueinCanadarecruitsfromJanuarythefirst,sothatplayersbornearlyintheyeararebigger,strongerandbetterathletesthanothersbornlaterintheyear.Andbecausetheyhavethisadvantageatthestartoftheirsportscareer,they'regivenextracoaching,andsothere'sagreaterchancethatthey'llbepickedforanelitehockeyteaminthefuture.Hecallsthisphenomenonaccumulativeadvantage（积累优势）,abitliketheideathattherichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.Successdependsontheprocessbywhichtalentedathletesareidentifiedasmuchasitdoesontheirownabilities.Anotheraspectwhichcontributestosuccessisthe10000hourrule.Greatsuccessdemandsanenormousamountoftimeforpractiseandtraining.Forexample,theBeatlesperformedliveinHamburgGermanymorethan1200timesoverfouryears,muchmorethanthe10000hoursGladwellclaimisnecessaryforgreatsuccess.SobythetimetheyreturnedtoEngland,theyhaddevelopedtheirtalenteandsoundedcompletelydifferentfromanyothergroup.Inthesameway,BillGateshadthousandsofhours'worthofprogrammingbecausehehadaccesstoacomputerathishighschool.Healsobecameateenagerjustattherighttimetotakeadvantageofthelatestdevelopmentsincomputertechnology.Outliershasmetwithextraordinarysucess,matchedonlybyGladwell'sowncareerfor25yearsinjournalism.Asaresult,manyciticshaveseenitasanautobiography,inwhichthewriterappearstobeapologizingforhisownpersonalachievements.Buttheidesthatyouhavetobebornattherightmoment,intherightplaceandintherightfamily,andthenyouhavetoworkreallyhardisathought-provokingwayofrevisitingourtraditionalviewofgeniusandgreatachievement.It'scertainlyworthreading,aslongasyoudon'ttakeittooseriously.Listeningin2P:Hi,wearetalkingabouttypicalworkinghoursintheUSandinBrazil.Eric...um...you'refromtheStates,tellmewhatarethetypicalworkinghoursintheStates?E:Er...traditionallypeoplegotoworkat9o'clockinthemorningandtheyfinishatabout5,sosortofa9to5.P:And,andPennyI...Iknowyou'reEnglishbutyouworkinBrazil,whatarethehoursinBrazil?Penny:Umvariesslightly,sometimesyoucanstartumonanearlyshift,say,8o'clockinthemorningto5umor9until6.ButinBraziloftenpeoplewillworklongerhoursthanthis.P:Right,rightok.AndwhatkindofclothesdoyouwearImeandoyoudressupformallyorinarelaxedwayE:Itusedtobethatyouwouldwearajacketandtietoworkfor...formenbuternowadaysanopenshirtisok.Youdon'tnecessarilyhavetowearatieandsometimesonaFridayyoucanwearapairofjeanstowork.P:Oh,rightthedressdownFriday?E:ThedressdownFridaythat'sright.P:Doesthatstillhappen?E:Yes,yessureitdoes.P:AndhowaboutinBrazil?Penny:Um,it'sfairlycasual,quiteinformal,umImeanyouneedtolookneatandtidyobviously,butyou,youhaveyourownchoicerelyonwhatyouwouldwear,therearenorulesandregulations.It'simportanttolooksmartbutcomfortable.P:Right,yeahdoyouhavemealbreaksoristhat...youjustfitinmealswhenyoucanor...E:Lunch,lunchisusuallyanhoursometimesalittleshorterifyouhavetodoalotofworkfromyourdesk.P:Yeah,howaboutBrazil?Penny:That'sthesame,aboutanhour.P:And,andwithovertime,Imean,ifyou...Imeanyou'reobviouslycontractedtodoacertainnumberofhours.Whathappensifyoudomorethanthehoursthatyou...that'sinyou...thatareinyourcontract?E:IhavetomakeafairlyumstrictrecordofmyhourssoifIgobeyond5o'clockonmostdaysIputinforovertime.P:Right.E:Andit's...thefirsthourisoneofovertimeandthenthere'sIthink15minuteperiodsafterthat.SoIcouldworkanhourandaquarter.P:Andyou'dbepaidforthequarterhours?E:That'sright,bythequarterhour.P:HowaboutinBrazil?Penny:It's,it'salotlooserinBrazilactually.Weweoftenendupdoingovertimebutunfortunatelynotpaid.P:Fine.That'shardluck.Andwhataboutholidays,whataboutintheStatesYoudon'thavemuchholidaysintheStatesdoyouE:No.Whenyoustartatacompanyyougettwoweeksholidayortwoweeksvacationaswesay...P:YeahE:Umthenit'susuallynotuntilyou'vebeenatthecompanyforaboutfiveearsthattheygiveyouanotherweek.Soyougetthreeweeksafteryou'vebeenthereforfiveyears.P:AndwhataboutinBrazil?Penny:Umit'squitegoodactually-30days.P:Soundsverygenerous.Penny:YeahIcanpopbackto...P:Isthat30workingdaysor30daysintotal?Penny:That's30workingdaysP:Wow,that'sPenny:Yes,yeahit'sagooddeal.P:WhataboutretirementIknowit'salongwayofthere!WhendoyouretireE:Generallyspeakingit'sat65.P:Andthesameforwomen.E:Umit'sIthinkalittlesoonerthanthatforwomen.WomenIthink62or63.P;Right,good.AndinBrazilisitsimilar?Penny:SimilartotheStates.It'sumafter60forwomen.65formen,orifyou'veclockedupabout30or35yearsofservicethenyoucanretireafterthat.P:Rightandwhen...doyouhaveapaydayWhenispaydayE:Um,well,wegtpaidtwiceamonth,sowegetpaidatthebeginningofthemonthandthenwegetpaidinthemiddleofthemonthatthe15thgiveortake(大约).P:Yeah,andwhataboutinBrazil?Penny:Ithinkitalldependswhichcompanyyou'reworkingfor.FortheoneIamworkingforrightnowIgetpaidtwiceamonthbutwhenIbegan,withadifferentcompanythatwasonceamonth,so,itvaries.P:AndarethereanycompanybenefitsthatyouhaveintheStatesDoyouhaveacompanycarorapensionE:Yeah,wegetacompanycar.We'reableto...weleaseacarineffectbutit'sacompanycarthatwegetfor18monthstotwoyearsandthenwe...wecanmoveontoanothermodelfromthat.There'safairlygoodpensionscheme,that'sstillworking,andhospitalizationaswell.P:Oh,that'simportantE:Yeah,ahealthplanthroughworkisveryimportant.P:Right.AndwhataboutinBrazil?Penny:Yeah,excellentbenefitslikethat.WellImeanitdoesdependonthecompanyandthestatusofyouroryourjobbutyoumightgetacar,livingaccommodation,schoolforthechildren,they'llpayforyourlunch,travelpasses,gasoline,healthinsurance,allsortsofbenefitsactuallyit'sverygood.P:Soundsverygood,withtheholidayandallthosebenefitsitsoundsagreatplacetowork.Unit2OutsideviewConversation1Joe:OK,whenyoufinishedchatting,let'sgetdowntowork.Andy:OK,sure.Janet:Finebyme.What'sontheagenda?Joe:FirstuptodayisReadallaboutit!Now,IassumeeveryonehasreadallthebooksforthefutureHasanyonereadanyofthebooksAndy:Well,Joe,thereareover20newbookscomingoutnextmonth,so…Joe:I'msorry,Ireallythinkthat'squiteunacceptable.It'syourjob!Whataboutyou,Janet?Janet:I'msorrybutthisisthefirsttimeI'veworkedonReadallaboutit!AndIdidn'tknowIwasmeanttoreadallthebooks.Andy:Haveyoureadthem?Joe:No,butthat'swhyyou'remyassistants.You'remeanttoassistme.Andy:It'struethatweneedtoreadthebooks,Joe,butwehaven't…Joe:OK,thereyougo.Youarealwaysmakingexcuses!Andy:Andwhat'smore,wehaven'tevenchosenthebooksyet.Joe:OK,let'sgetdownwithit.What'sonthelist?Janet:Isupposewe'relookingforbookswithaLondonangle（伦敦视角）Andy:Notnecessarily.Janet:IsitOKtolookfornon-fictiontoo?Joe:Absolutely.Janet:OK,here'sanidea.There'sanewbiography（自传）ofCharlesDickenswhichI'mreading.Andy:Soundsgood-hisbooksarealwaysonTV.Janet:YouseeI'mstudyingDickensatuniversity,andInoticeditinthebookshoplastweek.It'sreallyinteresting.Joe:OK,tellusmore.Janet:Well,it'sadescriptionoftheLondonlocationswherehesetmanyofhisbookslikeOliverTwistandDavidCopperfield.Andy:Soundsrightupyourstreet（拿手的）!JoeWelldone,Janet.MaybeyoucanshowAndyhowtoplanthefeature.OK,that'siteveryone.Let'sgettoit!Conversation2Janet:What'sthematterwithJoetoday?Andy:Noidea.He'sabitlikethatsometimes.Hegetsannoyedwithme,butIdon'treallyknowwhy.Janet:Hewasn'tbeingatallfair.Howoftendoeshegetlikethis?Andy:Well,Isupposeit'snotveryoften.Butsometimeshereallygetsonmynerves（使某人心烦意乱）.Janet:Don'tletitgettoyou.He'sprobablygottoomuchwork,andhe'sstressed.Andy:Well,heshouldkeephisproblemsawayfromthestudio.Anyway,you'retheexpertonDickens,tellmesomethingabouthim.Janet:Well,CharlesDickenswasoneofthemostpopularnovelistsin19thcenturyBritain.Manyofhisnovelsfirstappearedinmagazines,inshortepisodes.Eachonehadacliffhangerattheendthatmadepeoplewanttoreadthenextepisode（集，一集）.Andy:AndwasheaLondoner?Janet:HewasborninPortsmouthbuthisfamilymovedtoLondonwhenhewastenyearsold.Andy:AndhesetmostofhisstoriesinLondon,didn'the?Janet:That'sright.Heknewthecityverywell.Andy:WhereaboutsinLondonarehisstoriesset?Janet:AroundtheLawCourtsinthecentreofLondon.Heworkedasacourtreporterandmanyofthereallifestoriesheheardincourtinspiredsomeofmostfamouscharactersinhisnovels.Andy:Ithinksomeofhisstoriestakeplacesouthoftheriver?Janet:That'sright,especiallyaroundDocklands.Thethingwas…Dickenswasasocialcommentator（社会评论员）asmuchashewasanovelist-hisstoriesdescribethehardship,thepoverty,andcrimewhichmanyLondonersexperiencedinthe19thcentury.ItmakesmewanttoreadsomeDickensagain.MaybeI'lljustgoshoppingforacopyofGreatExpectations.Andy:Anyway,youdidmeahugefavour.Thatwasarealbrainwave（突然想到的妙计，灵感）tosuggestthenewbiography.Janet:CheerupAndy.Itwasn'tyourfault.Andy:No,it'sOK,I'llgetoverit.Goon,offyougoandenjoyyourshopping!OutsideviewBritishpeoplereadalot.Theyreadbooks,newspapersandmagazines.Andofcoursetheyreadtextmessagesontheirmobilephones.Sixty-fivepercentofBritishpeoplelist"readingforpleasure"asamajorhobby.Aquarterofthepopulationreadsmorethan20bookseachyear.SowheredothesebookscomefromWell,therearebookshopswhereyoucanbuybooks.Andtherearelotsofpubliclibrarieswhereyoucanborrowbooksforfree.Inthislibraryyoucanborrowbooks,butyoucanalsobuyacupofcoffee,lookatanartexhibition,sitinaquietstudyareaorconnecttotheInternet.YoucanalsonowborrowCDs,videosorDVDsoffilmsandtelevisionprogrammes.Somelibrariesevenletyouborrowcomputergames.Thereareoftenreferenceroomswhereyoucangotolooksomethinguporgotostudy.Manylibrarieshavealsogotspecialroomswithbooksandphotograghsaboutthehistoruofthearea.Librariesareveryimportantinschoolsanduniversitiesbothforstudyandforreadingforpleasure.TheBritishLibraryisoneoftheworld'sgreatestlibraries.Thequeenopeneditsnewbuildingin1998.ItreceivesacopyofeverybookpublishedinBritain,andaddsthreemillionnewitemseveryyear.It'sgotbooksofcourse,butalsosoundrecordings,music,maps,newspapers,andmagazines.Peoplepredictedthatradio,thentelevision,thentheInternetwillkillreading,butitstillaverypopularactivity.Listeningin1M：Sohowlonghasyourbookgroupbeenrunning?C：Well,letmesee,it'sover20yearsnow.Ithinkit'sactuallyoneoftheoldestbooksgroupsaround,becauseitwasonlyabout20yearsagothattheystartedtobecomefashionableintheUK.M：Andhowoftendoyouhavemeetings?C：Wemeetaboutonceeveryfourorfiveweeks,althoughwetrytoavoidmeetingsinthesummerholidays,andduringtherun-upto（前奏，预备期）Christmaswhenweallstarttogetbusywithotherthings.M：Andhowmanymembersdoyouhave?C：We'reteninall,althoughit'srarethateveryonecanattend.M：Andwhathappensduringthemeeting?C：Well,weusuallymeetatoneofourhomes,andwestartfairlylate,around8:30,andthehostpreparesdinner,andsometimeduringthemeal,someoneasks"Sowhatdidyouthinkofthebook"andthat'swhenthediscussionstarts.M：Itsoundsquiteinformal.C：Itis,yes,andsometimesifwehaven'tenjoyedthebook,themealbecomesmoreimportantthanthediscussion.Butit'sfairlyrarethatnoonelikesthebook,anditgetsquireinterestingwhenopinionsaboutitaredivided.MAndwhatsortofbooksdoyouread?C：Oh,allkinds,actually,notjustnovels,althoughImustadmitthatbeingamemberoftheclubmakesmereadmoremodernfictionthanImightdootherwise.Butwealsoreadtheclassics,youknowthenovelsweallreadorshouldhaveread30yearsago,andit'squitegoodfuntorevisitthem,toseeifourviewsofthebookshavechanged.Were-readThomasHardyrecently,andwhereasIusedtoloveitwhenIwasastudent,thistimeIthoughtitwasexasperatingly（惹人恼火地）dull.Andwereadnon-fiction.quitealotofhistoryandtravelwriting.Acoupleofthememberslikepoetry,whichIdon't,butyouknow,we'retoleranteachother'schoice,anditgivesusachancetotrythingswewouldn'tusuallyread.M：Andhowdoyouchoosethebooks?C：Well,attheendoftheeveningthepersonwhohoststhedinner-basically,thecook-hastherighttochoosethenextbook.M：AndthatworksOK?C：Yes,althoughthere'squitealotofstressonchoosingsomethingthatwillearneveryoneelse'srespect.Andwe'vegotonememberwholikessciencefiction,sowetrynottogotohisplacetoooften!Listeningin2Well,thankyouforyourkindwelcome,andforgivingmetheopportunitytogivethisbrieftourofLiteraryEngland.Ican'tclaimit'sanauthoritativetour,asI'm,notaprofessionalliteraryspecialist.However,Ihavetwoamateurpassions:oneistravelandtheotherisreadingandEnglishliteratureinparticular.AndthislectureisadescriptionofdifferentvisitsIhavemadetoplacesinBritainandIreland,chosenspecificallyfortheircloselinkswithwell-knownwritersofwhatwecalltheclassicsofEnglishliterature.Justtogiveyouanoverviewofthelecture,I'mgoingtostartinmyhometownofLondon,whichisalsothehomeofmanywell-knownwriters.ButIthinkthatthepicturewehaveinourmindofLondonhasbeenlargelyfashionedbytheworkofCharlesDickensandShakespeare.DickensianLondonisillustratedmostclearlybyhisbookOliverTwist,andShakespeare'sLondonbringstomindtheplayswrittenandperformedhere,suchasRomeoandJuliet.We'llalsohavealookatthememorialoffreatBritishwriters,Poets'CornerinWestminsterAbbey.ThenoffwegotoOxford,anothercityrichinitsliteraryhistory.I'm,goingtofocusonthegreatestofOxford'sliteraryalumni,JRRTolkien,theprofessorofEnglishwhowroteLordoftheRings,whichisnowfamousthroughouttheworldbecauseoftherecentseriesoffilms.ThenweturnsouthtowardsthegentlecountrysideofHampshire,homeofJaneAusten,wherehervariousnovels,includingPriceandPrejudiceareset.ShealsospentaperiodofherlifeinthemagnificentGeorgiancityofBath.ThenweturnnorthtothehillsofwestYorkshirewherewefindBrontecountry,socalledbecauseitwasthehomeofthethreesisters,Charlotte,EmilyandAnneBronte.Perhapsthetwobestknownnovelsar