第二版新标准大学英语综合教程翻译

中国有一句话，叫“人贵有自知之明”。这个观念的最早提出者是老子。老子在《道德经》里说“知人者智，自知者明”。有“自知之明”是指人应该对自己有正确的认识，了解自身的优点和缺点，清醒地知道自己能做什么。我们把人的自知视为“贵”，可见做到“自知”是多么的不易。“自知之明”是一种人生哲学，也是一种品德。它可以帮助我们不断地修正自己，朝着更高的人生目标迈进AstheChinesesayinggoes,itisimportanttoknowoneself.ThefirstpersontoputforwardthisnotionwasLaozi,whowroteinhisbookDaoDeJing:“Apersonwhoknowsothersisintelligent,butapersonwhoknowshimselfisinsightful.”Toknowoneselfistohaveacorrectunderstandingofoneself,includingone’sstrengthsandlimitations,andtobeclear-mindedaboutwhatonecando.Wecherishthisvirtuesomuchpreciselybecauseitisreallyhardforpeopletoknowthemselves.Knowingoneselfisbothpartofaphilosophyoflifeandavirtuethatcanfacilitateself-improvementandattainmentofahigherlifegoal.与父辈相比，现在的孩子在物质生活上要丰富得多，但在精神上则略有欠缺。他们不太可能和伙伴们一起玩，玩具取代伙伴成了他们最忠实的朋友。他们的父母从不缺钱给他们买各种贵重玩具。这样的好处是：他们不再整天缠着父母，因为玩具和电子游戏减轻了他们的孤独感。但也有负面影响：沉迷于玩具和电子游戏会让孩子视力下降或者让他们不愿意与别人交流。这种现象应引起家长和学校的关注。Comparedwiththechildhoodoftheirparents,childrennowdoenjoyafarbettermateriallife,buttheiremotionallifeseemslesssatisfying.Theyarelesslikelytoplaywiththeirpeers,fortoyshavereplacedtheirplaymatesastheirmostloyalfriends.Theirparentscanalwaysaffordtobuythemallkindsofexpensivetoys.Thegoodthingaboutthisisthattheynolongerpestertheirparentstoplaywiththemalldaylong,becausetoysandvideogameshavelessenedtheirfeelingsofloneliness.Buttherearealsonegativeeffects:Theaddictiontotoysandvideogamesmaycauseachild’seyesighttodeteriorateorresultinreluctancetocommunicatewithothers.Thesephenomenashoulddemandtheattentionofbothparentsandschools.在敦煌莫高窟，最著名的艺术杰作要数壁画“飞天”（flyingapsaras）。敦煌飞天是印度文化和中国文化共同孕育而成的。在印度，被称为“飞天”的空中飞行的天神（celestialbeings）多出现在佛教石窟壁画（grottomural）中，中国道教传统则把在空中飞行的天神称为“飞仙”（flyingimmortals）。魏晋南北朝时，佛教初传入中国，壁画中的飞仙开始被称为“飞天”。后来，随着佛教在中国的深入发展，佛教的飞天和道教的飞仙在艺术形象上相互融合。敦煌莫高窟的飞天是中国古代艺术家的杰作，是世界艺术史的奇迹。IntheMogaocavesinDunhuang,themuralswith“flyingapsaras”areoneofthemostwell-knownartefacts.TheflyingapsarasintheDunhuangGrottoMuralsareaproductoftheintermixingofIndianandChineseculture.InIndia,flyingcelestialbeingscalled“flyingapsaras”appearmostlyinmuralsinBuddhistcaves,whileintheChineseDaoisttradition,flyingcelestialbeingsareknownas“flyingimmortals”.DuringtheWei,Jin,andNorthernandSoutherndynasties,whentheintroductionofBuddhisminChinawasatanearlystage,peoplebegantousetheterm“flyingapsaras”torefertotheflyingimmortalsinthemurals.Later,withthedevelopmentofBuddhisminChina,theartisticimagesofBuddhistflyingapsarasandDaoistflyingimmortalsmergedwitheachother.TheflyingapsarasintheDunhuangGrottoMuralsareamostingeniouscreationofancientChineseartists,andamarvelinthehistoryofworldart.目前，中国老年人口居世界第一，已经进入老龄化社会。而中国现在正处于社会转型期，建立一个完整的社会福利体系仍需很长的一段时间，因此中国的养老问题较为特殊。预计在今后半个世纪，家庭养老仍然是中国主流的养老模式。孝敬父母（filialpiety）一直是中国传统伦理道德（ethics）的重要组成部分。在当今这样一个老龄化的社会中，弘扬孝道就显得更加重要，因为在鼓励人们对家里的老人提供日常照顾和情感慰藉方面，孝道仍将起关键性的作用。China,withthelargestpopulationofelderlypeopleintheworld,hasbecomeanageingsociety.Meanwhile,Chinaisalsoacountryundergoingsocialtransition.Itwillbealongtimebeforeasoundsocialwelfaresystemcanbeestablished,whichmeansthatChinaisinauniquesituationwhenitcomestocareofitsageingpopulation.Itispredictedthatinthenext50years,familycarefortheagedwillstillbethedominantpracticeinChina.FilialpietyhasalwaysbeenasignificantpartoftraditionalChineseethics.Intoday’sageingsociety,itwillbeallthemoreimportanttopromotethevirtueoffilialpiety,asitwillcontinuetoplayacrucialroleinencouragingpeopletotakegoodcareoftheirelderlyfamilymembersbyprovidingdailycareandemotionalsupport.女性是劳动力市场的重要组成部分。但是当前劳动就业中的性别歧视仍然存在，这与我国构建和谐社会的要求背道而驰。就劳动者而言，不能人尽其才，不仅造成人力资本投资的浪费，还会使她们对社会公正产生怀疑；就用人单位而言，性别歧视不仅破坏人才选拔的程序，造成人才浪费，也会不利于人们正确理解何为正常运转的市场；就社会而言，性别歧视不仅干扰人力资源的正常流动，还会破坏就业市场的公平环境。Womenareanimportantpartofthelabourforce.Butgenderdiscriminationinthejobmarketstillexists,andservesasacounterforcetothebuildingofaharmonioussociety.Asfarasemployeesareconcerned,jobsthatdonotsuittheirtalentswillnotonlygiverisetoawasteoftheinvestmentinhumancapital,butalsocausethemtolosefaithinsocialjustice.Asforemployers,genderdiscriminationwillnotonlydisrupttheprocessofselectingtalent,andthuswastetalent,butwillalsoharmtheperceptionofaproperlyfunctioningmarket.Onthelevelofsociety,genderdiscriminationwillsetanobstacletotheproperdistributionofhumanresources,anddamageafairenvironmentinthejobmarket.春节是中国最重要的传统节日。但近年来，很多人都抱怨过年的气氛越来越淡，已经很难感受到记忆中过年的那种美好感觉了。事实上，春节在过去之所以显得重要，是因为只有到了春节人们才能享美食、穿新衣。而随着中国经济的迅速发展，人们的物质生活越来越丰富，人们庆祝春节的方式也发生了一些变化。比如说，越来越多的人选择过年时外出旅游。但无论如何，对于中国人来说，春节的重要性是不可替代的。TheSpringFestivalisthemostimportanttraditionalholidayinChina.Butinrecentyears,manypeoplehavecomplainedthatthecelebratoryatmosphereoflunarNewYearisnotasstrongasitusedtobe,anditishardforthemtoregainthatwonderfulfeelingintheirmemories.Infact,inthepast,itwasonlyduringtheSpringFestivalthatpeoplecouldenjoydeliciousfoodandwearnewclothes.ThisexplainswhythisholidaywassoimportanttoChinesepeople.ButwiththerapiddevelopmentoftheChineseeconomyandanincreasinglyrichmateriallife,thewaysinwhichChinesepeoplecelebratetheSpringFestivalhavechanged.Forinstance,moreandmoreChinesepeoplechoosetotravelduringtheSpringFestival.Nonetheless,forChinesepeople,theSpringFestivalplaysanirreplaceableroleintheirculture.中国是世界上自然灾害较为严重的国家之一。在和平时期，抢险救灾是中国军队的一项重要任务。中国军队是抢险救灾的突击力量，承担最紧急、最艰难、最危险的救援任务。中国军人都是抱着打仗的心态在救灾，甚至冒着生命危险抢救灾民。每当解放军抵达灾区，群众都热烈欢迎，感到无比欣慰。中国军队在历次灾难救援中表现出的组织性、专业性、高效性赢得了人民群众的信任和赞誉。Chinaisoneofthecountriesthataremostaffectedbynaturaldisasters.Inpeacetime,rescueandreliefworkisanimportantpartofthemissionoftheChinesemilitary.China’sarmedforcesalwaysformtaskforcesforrescueandreliefwork,takingonthemosturgent,mostdifficultandmostdangerousjobs.Chinesemilitarypersonnelperformtheirrescueandreliefworkasiftheywerefightingawar,sometimesevenattheriskoftheirownlives.WheneverthePeople’sLiberationArmy(PLA)arrivesatanareahitbyanaturaldisaster,thelocalpeoplewillwelcomethemwarmlyandfeelgreatlyrelieved.Thesenseoforganization,professionalismandefficiencytheyhavedisplayedhashelpedthemwinthetrustandpraiseofthepublic.古希腊神话的最大特点就是神和人形相同、习相近。古希腊人按照人的形象来创造神，神有人的感情欲望。而中国古代神话中的神大多距离人类生活较远。中国神话中正面形象的神多具有崇高的品格、伟大的志向以及为实现伟大理想而斗争的不屈不挠的精神。他们承担着维护宇宙秩序的崇高责任，是社会道德的楷模。可以说中国古代神话中的神多具有超凡脱俗的品格，神性多于人性。ThemostimportantcharacteristicofancientGreekmythologyisthatgodsandhumansaresimilar,bothinphysicalappearanceandpersonality.AncientGreekscreatedtheirgodsintheirownimage,andtheirgodshavehumanemotionsanddesires.InChinesemythology,however,thelifeofthegodsisverydifferentfromthatofhumans.ThegoodgodsinChinesemythologyhaveanoblecharacter,expressgreataspirations,andshowperseveranceinfightingforgreatideals.Theyhavethenobledutyofmaintainingtheorderoftheuniverse;theyaresocialandmoralrolemodels.ItcanbesaidthatthegodsinChinesemythologyhaveextraordinarilynoblecharacters,andpossessmoreofthequalitiesofgodsthanofhumans.