高考英语语法精讲第3讲冠词考点精讲与提升

【考点一】不定冠词a, an的用法 1. 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示“某一个”,相当于some,译为“一个”。 —Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons,please?——请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走? —Sorry,we don’t have a Johnson here in the village. ——对不起,这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。 Each of the students wanted to be a live Lei Feng. 每位学生都想成为活雷锋。 2.a+most表示“很”“非常”。 Qingdao is a most beautiful city. 青岛是一个非常美丽的城市。 3.序数词前一般加定冠词the 表示顺序,但序数词前可加不定冠词a(n),表示“另一个;又一个”。 Although he has failed twice,he would like to try a th ird time. 尽管他已经失败了两次,但他还想再试一次。 4.有些不可数名词如knowledge,collection,understanding 等是由其动词转化而来,它们后面加of...时,前面需用不定冠词a/an。 Tom owns a larger collection of books than any other student in ou r class.在我们班中,汤姆收集的书最多。 Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. 许多人都持相同的看法,在当前国际贸易交往中, 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 知识是必备的知识。 5.不定冠词可用在形容词的比较级、最高级与序数词之前。“不定冠词+形容词的比较级+单数名词”表示“更……的一个”;“不定冠词+形容词的最高级”无比较意义。 He went to the USA in search of a better life. 为了寻找更美好的生活他去了美国。 6.不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐前。 The walk is expected to last all day,so bring a packed lunch. 这段路程预计要走一整天,所以带一份盒装午饭。 【经典考 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 】 1.(2011?湖南十二校联考)If we expect ________much cleaner world,we should attract ________world’s attention to protecting the world. A.a;a B.a;/ C.a;the D.the;/ 解析:考查冠词。第一空为泛指,指“一个更加干净的世界”;第二空world 前通常用定冠词。 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 :C 答案:B 2.First impressions are the most lasting.After all,you never get________second chance to make________first impression. A.a;the B.the;the C.a;a D.the;a 解析:句意为:第一印象最持久。毕竟,你不会再有机会去形成第一印象。第一空后有second,在此表示再一次机会,而不是表顺序,应用不定冠词;第二空中的第一印象是泛指,也不是表示顺序,又根据题干可以判断impression 在此处是可数名词,可数名词单数表泛指时须用不定冠词,故选C项。 答案:C 3.(2011?南京模拟)We work together to achieve our common purpose:________world that is safer,cleaner and healthier than ________one we found. A.the;the B.a;/ C.a;the D.the;/ 解析:考查冠词的用法。第一空表示泛指,用不定冠词;第二空后面由we found 限定,表特指,用定冠词。 答案:C 【考点二】定冠词the的用法 1.与某些可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或事物。 The camel is a very useful animal in desert. 骆驼是沙漠中一种很有用的动物。 2.用在上文已出现过或说话双方都熟悉的事物前,表示特指意义。 —Did you enjoy yourself yesterday? ——你昨天玩得开心吗? —Yes,as you know,the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere. ——是的,正如你所知,晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。 3.by+表示具体单位的名词前要用定冠词。 Surprisingly,in that bookstore,books are sold by the dozen. 真想不到,在那个书店里书按打卖。 Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour. 在大城市里,清洁工一般按小时计算薪水。 4.用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。 It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education. 在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修是不罕见的。 【经典考题】 1. Many lifestyle patterns do such________great harm to health that they actually speed up________weakening of the human body. A.a;/ B./;the C.a;the D./;/ 解析:句意为:很多生活方式对身体健康是很有害的,实际上它们能加快体质变弱。do harm to...为固定短语,意为“对……有害”;第二空为特指的用法,即特指体质变弱,故用定冠词the。 答案:B 2.There are over 58,000 rocky objects in space,about 900 of which could fall down onto________earth. A.the;the B./;the C.the;/ D.a;the 解析:用法,类似用法还有in nature,in society 等;第二空表示地球,独一无二的事物前须加定冠词the,如the moon, the sun等,所以选B。 答案:B 3.(2011?西城5月)—What do you think about ________dress in the shop window? —Oh,it’s beautiful.You may give it to Linda as ________birthday present. A.a;a B.the;a C.a;the D.the;the 解析:考查冠词的用法。第一空表特指橱窗里的那一件,所以要用定冠词the;第二空泛指一件礼物,所以要用不定冠词。 答案:B 4.(2011?陕西宝鸡检测二)During the camp trip,children were fascinated by ________wonders of ________nature. A./;/ B./;the C.the;/ D.the;the 解析:考查冠词。第一空指在宿营中看到的那些大自然中的奇观,应该用定冠词表特指;第二空不用冠词,因为nature, society和space 前常不带任何冠词。 答案:C 5.(2011?烟台四校联考)It is clear that ________little money the invention will bring him can hardly support so large ________company. A./;the B.a;the C.a;/ D.the;a 解析:考查冠词。句意为:很显然,这项发明带给他的不多的钱很难支撑如此庞大的一个公司。此题的关键在于hardly 的暗示,说明钱不多或很少,用little 表示“少量的,不多的”,后面又有定语从句修饰,故其前应加定冠词the;第二空处是so+adj.+a+可数名词结构。 答案:D 【考点二】零冠词的用法 1.系动词turn (变成)后的单数名词作表语,用零冠词。 Has he turned scientist?他成为科学家了吗? After graduation from college he turned teacher (became a teacher). 大学毕业后,他成了一名教师。 3.在独立主格结构中的某一形式中。 The teacher came in,book in hand (=with a book in his hand/holding a book in his hand/a book (held) in his hand). 老师进来了,手里拿着一本书。 4.man 意为“人类”,word 意为“消息”时,其前不用冠词。 Air is to man what water is to fish. 人离不开空气就像鱼离不开水。 Word came that t he Chinese Women Football Team won the second prize in the World Cup. 消息传来说中国女足在世界杯获得第二。 5.no 与such 连用时应放在such 之前,such后的名词不用冠词。 No such thing has ever happened in this village. 村子里从未发生过这种事。 【经典考题】 1. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that________people from all walks of life are working hard for________new Jiangsu. A./;a B./;the C.the;a D.the;t he 解析:句意为:来江苏的游客都对此印象颇深——为了一个崭新的江苏,来自各行各业的人都在努力工作着。people 为复数名词,此处为泛指的用法,故第一空用零冠词;一般地名前不用冠词,但是如果前有形容词修饰时,表示类指,前面要用不定冠词。 答案:A 2.(2011?江西六校联考)The driver was at________loss when ________word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding. A.a;the B./;/ C.the;the D.a;/ 解析:句意为:当由于超速驾车而被禁驾的消息传来时,那位司机感到不知所措。at a loss 为固定习语,意为:不知所措,困惑不解,亏本;word 作a piece of news,message (消息,信息)讲时,与零冠词连用。又如:Please send (me)/leave word of your safe arrival/that you have arrived safely.请您把平安到达的消息告诉我。Word came that he had been admitted to Qinghua university.消息传来说他被清华大学录取了。 答案:D 3.(2011?东北三校第一次联考)The chairman will be pleased at ________scene that everything is in ________place. A.a;a B.the;the C.the;/ D./;the 解析:考查冠词的用法。scene 后有定语从句修饰,是特指;in place 表示“在正确的位置,准备妥当”,是固定搭配。 答案:C 【2011全国卷,33】It is generally accepted that _____ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _____ man. A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填 【答案】A 【考点】考查冠词的用法。 【解析】句意为“人们普遍认为,男孩子必须学会做一个男子汉,能挺身而出,勇于战斗。”a boy和 a man都是泛指,表示一类人。单数可数名词泛指应在名词前加不定冠词a。因此选A。 【2011全国卷II,16】As he reached _____ front door, Jack saw _____ strange sight. A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a 【答案】D 【考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。 【解析】句意为“当Jack走到前门时,看到了一个奇怪的景象。”the front door是特指Jack所走过去的门,a strange sight 是泛指,相当于a certain sight,起初次介绍的作用。因此选D。 【2011山东卷,21】Take your time—it’s just_____short distance from here to_____restaurant. A.不填;the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填;a 【答案】B 【考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。 【解析】句意为“别急—从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。”a short distance短距离,是固定搭配的短语;the restaurant 指双方都知道的餐馆,故用the特指。选B。 【2011浙江卷,2】Experts think that __________recently discovered painting may be ________ Picsso. A.the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a ; 不填 D. the; a 【答案】D 【考点】考查冠词在语境中的用法。 【解析】句意为“专家认为,最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。”the painting特指最近发现的油画;a Picsso意为a Picsso’s painting,指毕加索的一件作品,有one的含义。因此选D。 【2011四川卷,18】Dr.Peter Spence, _____ headmaster of the school, told us, “_____ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” A. 不填;A B.不填;The C.the; The D.a; A 【答案】A 【考点】考查冠词的用法。 【解析】句意为“校长Peter Spence告诉我们说,我校的五分之一学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学去学习。”headmaster 校长,职务前面不加冠词;a fifth表示五分之一。因此选A。 【2011重庆卷,26】In communication, a smile is usually __________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude. A. the, / B. a, an C. a, / D. the, an 【答案】C 【考点】考查冠词的用法。 【解析】句意为“在相互交流中,微笑通常是一种友好和开放的态度的明显特征。”a 用在可数名词sign前,泛指一类事物;friendly and open 是并列,修饰attitude。因此选C。 【2011陕西卷,13】As is known to all, _____ People’s Republic of China is _____ biggest developing country in the world. A.the ;不填 B. 不填;the C. the ;the D. 不填;不填 【答案】C 【考点】考查冠词的用法。 【解析】句意为“众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。”第一个定冠词the用在表示国家的名词前;第二个定冠词the用在有形容词最高级修饰的名词前。因此选C。 【2011江西卷22】——It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 _____ year. ——Right, he will also get paid by _____ week. A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D.a; a 【答案】B 【考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。 【解析】前一句句意为:据说John将会有一份年工资超过60000美金的工作,表时间单位每年,冠词用a,后一句说没错,他也将会以每周的方式得到薪水。by后面接具体的计量方式用定冠词the。因此选B。 1.(2011?海淀区第一学期期中练习)Jack had ________feeling of excitement when hearing his article had been published in ________school magazine. A.the;a B.a;the C./;the D.the;/ 解析:考查冠词的用法。have a feeling of 为固定用法,意思是:有一种……的感觉;第二空表特指。句意为:听到自己的文章已经在校刊上发表,Jack有一种兴奋的感觉。 答案:B 2.(2011?杭州市教学质量检测)I got ________bad toothache yesterday,which kept me awake ________whole night. A.a;the B./;a C.the;a D.a;/ 解析:考查冠词。get a toothache 牙疼,是固定用法,而整个晚上(whole night)是特指昨天晚上,因此应该使用定冠词。我昨天晚上牙疼得厉害,整晚没睡。 答案:A 3.(2011?苏锡常镇四市教学调查)China is ________vast country which is home to________amazing variety of landscapes, plants and animals. A.the;the B.a;the C.the;an D.a;an 解析:考查冠词的用法。第一空表示“中国是一个……样的国家”,是泛指的概念,因此填不定冠词;第二空是固定短语a variety of,只是在variety 前面加上了形容词amazing 修饰它。 答案:D 4.(2011?东北三省四市联考)—Anyone in mind for this position?What about Jack? —He may be a good friend,but business is business.He is not________man for ________job. A.a;a B.the;the C.a;the D.the;a 解析:考查冠词的用法。第一空是泛指的概念,因此用不定冠词;第二空是特指这份工作,用定冠词。 答案:C 5.(2011?湖南师大附中)We all hold________belief that those who have ________wonderful sense of humor are more popular. A.the;a B./;/ C.the;/ D.a;the 解析:句意为:我们都认为那些有强烈幽默感的人更受欢迎。belief 后是同位语从句,第一空用the表特指;第二空a sense of homor (幽默感)为常用搭配。 答案:A 6.(2011?青岛市模拟)________World Expo is regarded as the Olympic Games of the economy,science and technology, ________expert said. A.A;an B.The;an C.The;a D.A;the 解析:第一空特指“世博会”,故用定冠词the;第二空泛指“一个专家”,expert 又是以元音音素开头,故用an。 答案:B 7.(2011?山东青岛一模)I was told that________10∶15 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach ________Fudan University. A.the;/ B.the;a C.a;the D./;the 解析:句意为:我被告知10∶15的航班将把我们送达上海,以便及时到达复旦大学。根据句意可知第一空表特指,故用定冠词;第二空后Fudan University 是以纯专有名词Fudan 开头的,要用零冠词。Fudan University 还可表达为“the university of Fudan”。 答案:A 8.(2011?河南郑州测试)The students were studying in ________classroom when,all of ________sudden,the lights went out. A./;/ B.a;the C.the;a D.the;/ 解析:句意为:那些学生正在教室学习,这时突然灯灭了。根据题干中的the students 可知学生是特指的,由此可推知教室也应是特指的,故第一空用定冠词;all of a sudden 为固定习语,相当于suddenly。由此可见答案为C项。 答案:C 9.(2011?江西重点中学二模)My mother asked me to repeat________phone number ________second time so that she could write it down. A.the;a B.a;the C.an;a D.the;the 解析:句意为:我母亲让我再次重复那个电话号码以便她能记下。根据句意可知,第一空后的phone number 表特指,故用定冠词;“a+序数词+名词”表示“又一,再一”之意,而“the+序数词+名词”表示次序。综上所述,本题答案为A项。 答案:A 10.(2011?潍坊市质量监测)Jack wanted to be________university student,but in________entrance examination he missed by a mile. A.a;an B.an;the C.the;an D.a;the 解析:考查冠词。a university student 一名大学生,表泛指;the entrance examination 特指入学考试。 答案:D 11.(2011?济南期中考试)—Stay a bit longer,please.It’s been such________fun having you here. —Thank you,but I’ve got________early start tomorrow morning. A./;the B.a;an C./;an D.the;an 解析:考查冠词。此题中fun为不可数名词,前面不用冠词。an early start早起。句意为:——再呆一会儿吧,有你在这里太有趣了。——谢谢,但明天早上我还要早起呢。 答案:C 12.(2011?江西永修一中月考)—How many people are still leading________life under__ ______poverty line in the world? —Perhaps one fourth,according to the report. A.the;/ B.a;the C.a;a D./;the 解析:lead a life为固定结构,故第一空填不定冠词a;第二空用the表示特指。 答案:B 13.(2011?桂林中学月考)His failure at________first attempt didn’t disappoint him.Instead,he gathered his courage and tried________second time. A.the;the B.the;a C.a;the D.a;a 解析:考查冠词的用法。第一空序数词前要加定冠词the,此处指第一次尝试;a second time表示“又一次,再一次”,用不定冠词。 答案:B 14.(2011?临川一中月考)Everyone should learn from________Lei Feng and try to be________Lei Feng. A./;a B./;/ C.the;the D./;the 解析:考查冠词。第一空提到的雷锋是众所周知的人物,人名前用零冠词,而第二空是指雷锋式的人物,所以用不定冠词。 答案:A 15.(2011?湖南长沙一中第三次月考)Only when you stay and live with________local people for a period of time will you have________better understanding of life here. A.a;/ B.the;a C./;the D.the;the 解析:根据句中的here可知,这里的local people是特指的概念,因此前面加定冠词,由此排除A、C两项;此外, have a better understanding of sth.是固定用法,表示“对……有更好的了解”。 答案:B