托福TPO(1-19)阅读答案
ANSWER KEY for T OEFL READING
TPO (1-19 ), OG, Official M odel Te st, Online Test
huangxiaoh ong@pku.edu.cn
TPO 1 ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Groundwater ............................................................................................................................ 4
The Origins Of Theater ............................................................................................................... 4
Timberline Vegetation On Mountains .......................................................................................... 5
TPO 2 ............................................................................................................................................. 6
The Origins Of Cetaceans............................................................................................................ 6
Desert Formation ...................................................................................................................... 9
Early Cinema ........................................................................................................................... 12
TPO 3 ........................................................................................................................................... 15
Architecture............................................................................................................................ 15
Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer ............................................................................................... 15
The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystem s ...................................................................................... 16 TPO 4 ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Deer Populations of the Puget Sound ......................................................................................... 17
Cave Art in Europe ................................................................................................................... 17
Petroleum Resources ............................................................................................................... 18
TPO 5 ........................................................................................................................................... 19
Minerals And Plants ................................................................................................................. 19
The Origin of The Pacific Island Pe ople ....................................................................................... 19
The Cambrian Ex plosion ........................................................................................................... 20
TPO 6 ........................................................................................................................................... 21
Powering the Industrial Revolution ............................................................................................ 21
William Smith ......................................................................................................................... 21
Infantile Amnesia .................................................................................................................... 22
TPO 7 ........................................................................................................................................... 23
The Geologic Histor y of t he Mediterranean ................................................................................ 23
Ancient Rome and Greece ........................................................................................................ 23
Agriculture, Iron, and the Bantu Peoples .................................................................................... 24
TPO 8 ........................................................................................................................................... 25
The Rise of Teotihuacan ........................................................................................................... 25
Extinction of The Dinosaurs ...................................................................................................... 25
Running Water On Mars ........................................................................................................... 26 TPO 9 ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Colonizing the Americas via the N orthwest Coast ........................................................................ 27
Reflection In Teaching .............................................................................................................. 27
The Arrival Of Plant Life In Hawaii .............................................................................................. 28 TPO 10 ......................................................................................................................................... 29
Chine se Pottery ....................................................................................................................... 29
1
Variations in the Climate .......................................................................................................... 29
eventeenth-Centur y European Economic Growth ...................................................................... 30 S
TPO 11 ......................................................................................................................................... 31
Ancient Egyptian Sc ulpture ....................................................................................................... 31
Orientation and Navigation ....................................................................................................... 31
Begging by Nestlings ................................................................................................................ 32 TPO 12 ......................................................................................................................................... 32
Whic h Hand D id T he y U se ? ..................................................................................................... 32
Transition to Sound in Film ....................................................................................................... 33
Wat er in t he De sert ................................................................................................................ 33 TPO 13 ......................................................................................................................................... 34
Types of Social Groups ............................................................................................................. 34
cks ...................................................................................................................... 34 Biological Clo
Methods of Studying Infant Perception ...................................................................................... 34
TPO 14 ......................................................................................................................................... 34
Children and Advertising .......................................................................................................... 34
Maya Water Problems.............................................................................................................. 34
Pastoralism in A ncient Inner Eurasia .......................................................................................... 34 TPO 15 ......................................................................................................................................... 34
A Warm-blooded Turtle ............................................................................................................ 34
Mass Extinctions ..................................................................................................................... 34
Glacier Formation .................................................................................................................... 34 TPO 16 ......................................................................................................................................... 35
Trade and the Ancient Mi ddle East ............................................................................................ 35
Development of the Periodic Table ............................................................................................ 35
Planets in Our Solar System ...................................................................................................... 35
TPO 17 ......................................................................................................................................... 35
Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia ............................................................................................. 35
Animal Signals in the Rain Forest ............................................................................................... 35
Symbiotic Relationships ............................................................................................................ 35 TPO 18 ......................................................................................................................................... 35
Industrialization in theNetherlandsandScandinavia ...................................................................... 35
The Mystery of Yawning ........................................................................................................... 35
Lightning ................................................................................................................................ 35
TPO19 .......................................................................................................................................... 36
The Roman Army’s Impact on Britain ......................................................................................... 36
Succession, Climax, and Ecosystems ........................................................................................... 36
Discovering the Ice Ages ........................................................................................................... 36 OFFICIAL GUID E RE ADING ..................................................................................................................... 38
Applie d Arts and Fine Arts ........................................................................................................ 38
Aggression .............................................................................................................................. 39
Artisans and Industrialization .................................................................................................... 43
Swimming Machines ................................................................................................................ 47
Nineteenth-century Politics in the U nited States.......................................................................... 50
2
The Expression of Em otions ...................................................................................................... 54
cape ............................................................................................................ 58 Geology and Lands
Feeding Habits of East African Herbivores ................................................................................... 61 Loie Fuller .............................................................................................................................. 62
Green Icebergs........................................................................................................................ 63
ONLINE TES T .................................................................................................................................... 64
Opportunists and Com petitors .................................................................................................. 64 Lascaux Cave Paintings ............................................................................................................. 65 Electricity from Wind ............................................................................................................... 66
OFFICIAL M ODEL TES T ........................................................................................................................ 67 Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction ................................................................................. 67
3
TPO 1
Groundwater
1. ? 3
2. ? 3
3. ? 2
4. ? 4
5. ? 4
6. ? 1
7. ? 1
8. ? 1
9. ? 3
10. ? 2
11. ? 4
12. ? 1
13. ? 4
14. ?1 2 3
The Origins Of Theater
1. ? 4
2. ? 1
3. ? 1
4. ? 4
5. ? 3
6. ? 3
7. ? 2
8. ? 4
9. ? 1
10. ? 2
11. ? 3
12. ? 4
13. ? 4
4
14. ?2 5 6
Timberline Vegetation On Mountains
1. ? 4
2. ? 1
3. ? 2
4. ? 3
5. ? 3
6. ? 2
7. ? 2
8. ? 1
9. ? 3
10. ? 4
11. ? 3
12. ? 4
13. ? 2 4 6
5
TPO 2
The Origins Of Cetaceans
1. ?2
This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 1. Choice
esse ntially a rephrasing of the statement in paragraph 1 that blowholes cannot 2 is the best answer. It is
disguise cetaceans’ affinitie s with other mammals. The other three c hoice s are refuted, either directly or
indirectly, by that paragraph.
2(? 1
This is an Infere nce que stion asking for information that can be inferred from paragraph 1 . Choice 1 is the best answer because paragraph 1 says that sea otters are unlike early mammals whose appearances are not easy to imagine. By inference, then, the early appearance of sea otters m ust be ea sy (or not difficult) to
imagine.
3(? 3
This is a Vocabulary question. The word being tested is precious. It is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is c hoice 3, "valuable." Anything that is precious is very im portant and therefore valuable.
4. ? 3
This is a Factual Information que stion asking for spec ific infor mation that can be found in the passage. Choice
3 is the best answer. Paragraph 3 describes the differences a nd similaritie s between Pa kicetus and m odern
cetaceans. Sentence 3 of that paragraph states that their skulls are similar. The other three choices describe difference s, not similarities.
5. ?1
This is a Reference question. The word be ing tested is It. That word is highlighted in the passage. This is a simple pr onoun referent item. Choice I , "Pakicetus" is the c orrect answer. The word It here refer s to a
creature that probably bred and gave birth on land. Pakicetus is the only one of the c hoice s to which this
could apply.
6. ?2
This is a Vocabulary que stion. The word bei ng tested is exposed. It is highlighted in the pa ssage. The correct answer is choice 2, "visible." Exposed means "unc overed." A skeleton that is uncovered can be seen. Visible means "can be seen."
6
7. ? 4
This is a Factual Information que stion asking for spec ific infor mation that can be found in the passage. Choice
4 is the best answer because it is the only detail about the skeleton of Basilosaurus mentioned in paragraph 4, meaning that it is significant. Choice 1 is true, but it is not discussed in the detail that choice 4 is, and does
c hoice 2 is not :me. not represent the significance of the discovery. Choice 3 is not mentioned, and
8. ?4
This is an Inference que stion a sking for a conclusion that can be drawn from the e ntire passage. Choice 4 is
the best answer ba sed on the last sentence of paragraph 4, which de scribe s Basilosaurus as a fully marine
whale. That implie s that everything it did, including breeding and giving birth, could have been done only in a marine envir onme nt.
9. ?2
This is an Inference question asking for a conclusion that can be drawn from the passage. Paragraph 5 explains that this discover y provided im portant information to scientist s that they might not have been able
to obtain without it. Therefore, you can infer that the discovery wa s a "lucky" one. The passage offer s no
support for the other choices. Therefore, choice 2 is the best answer.
10. ?3
This is a Sentence Sim plification question. As with all of the se items, a single sentence in the pa ssage is
highlighted:
The structure of the backbone shows, howe ver, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whale s by m oving the
rear portion of its body up and dow n, even though a fluke was missing.
Choice 3 is the be st answer because it contains all of the essential information in the highlighted sentence. Choice 1 is not true because A mbulocetus did have a backbone. Choice 2 is not true because the sentence says that the backbone showed how the Ambulocetus swam, not that it was missing a fluke. Choice 4 is untrue because the se ntence states that Ambulocetus and moder n whales swam in the same way.
11. ?4
This is a Vocabulary question. The word bei ng tested is propulsion. It is highlighted in the pa ssage. Choice 4, "moving forward" is the be st answer because it means the action of prope lling. The whale in the sentence
used its hind legs to push itsel f forward in the water.
12. ?2
This is an Insert Text question. You can see the four black squares in paragraphs 1 and 2 that represe nt the
7
possible answer choices here.
Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known fr om the fossil record. ? How was t he gap between a walking mammal and a swim ming whale bridged? ? Mi ssing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate,
or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.
? Very exciting discoverie s have finally allowe d scientists to reconstruct the m ost likel y origins of cetaceans. ? In 1979. a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found w hat prove d to be the oldest fossil w hale.
The sentence provide d i s "This is a que stion that ha s puzzled scie ntists for ages." The be st place to insert it is at square 2. The sentence that precedes square 2 is in the form of a rhetorical que stion and the inserted sentence ex plicitly provide s a re sponse to it. None of the other sentences preceding squares is a que stion, so the inserted sentence cannot logically follow any one of them.
13-14. ?1 2 5
8
Desert Formation
1. ?2
This is a Vocabulary que stion. The word being tested is threatened. It is highlighted in the passage . To
threaten means to speak or act as if you will cause harm to someone or something. The object of the threat is in danger of being hurt, so the c orrect answer is choice 2, "endangered."
2. ?2
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 3. The correct answer is choice 2, re duced water absorption. The paragraph explic itly states that the reduction of
vegetation greatly reduces water absorption. Choice 4, reduced water runoff, ex plicitly contradicts the
paragraph, so it is inc orrect. The "spaces in the soil" are mentioned in anot her context: the paragraph does
not say that they increase, so choice 3 is inc orrect. The paragraph does not mention choice 1.
3. ?1
This is a Vocabulary question. The word bei ng tested is de licate. It is highlighted in the passage. The correct
answer is c hoice 1, "fragile," meaning "easily broken." Delicate has the same meaning as "fragile."
4. ?1
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 5. The correct answer is choice 1: border areas have difficulty "adjusting to stresses created by settlement." The paragraph says that "expanding populations," or settlement, subject border areas to "pre ssure s," or stress,
that the land may not "be able to respond to." Choice 2 is incorrect because the paragraph does not discuss "fertility" after desertification. Choice 3 is also inc orrect because "irrigation" is not mentioned here. The
paragraph mentions "increasing populations" but not the difficulty of "attracting populations," so choice 4 is incorrect.
5. ?4
This is a Vocabulary question. The word bei ng tested is progressivel y. It is highlighted in the passage. The
correct answer is c hoice 4, "increasingly." Progressively as it is used here means "more," and "m ore" of
something means that it is increasing.
6. ?3
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 6. The correct answer is choice 3, "removal of the original vegeta tion." Sentence 4 of this paragraph says that "the
raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of t he natural vegetation," an explicit statement of
answer choice 3. Choice 1, lack of proper irrigation techniques, is incorrect because the paragraph mentions
9
only "overirrigation" as a cause of de sertification. No irrigation "techniques" are discussed. Choices 2 and 4, failure to plant suitable crops and use of animal waste, are not discussed.
7. ?4
his is a Vocabulary question. A phrase is being tested here, and all of the answer choices are phrases. The phrase is "de void of." It is highlighted in the passage. "Devoid of' means "without," so the correct answer is choice 4, "lacking in." If you lack something that means you are without that thing.
8. ?4
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 9. The correct answer is choice 4, "bring salts to the surface." The paragraph says that the final human cause of desertification is salinization resu lting from overirrigation. The paragraph goes on to say that the overirrigation causes the water table to rise, bringing salts to the surface. There is no mention of the proce ss
"interfering" with or "limiting" irrigation, or of the "amount of air" the soi l is required to absor b, so choices
1,2, and 3 are all incorrect.
9. ?3
This is a Negative Factual Information que stion asking for specific information that can be found in the
passage. Choice 3, "insuffic ient irrigation," is the correct answer. Choice 1, "soil erosion," is explicitly mentioned in paragraph 2 as one of the primary causes of desertification, so it is not the correct answer. Choice 2, "global warning," is mentioned as a cause of de sertification in paragraph 4, so it is inc orrect. Choice
4, "raising of live stock," is de scribe d in paragraph 7 a s another cause of de sertification, so it is inc orrect. The
passage include s excessive irrigation as a cause of desertification, but not its opposite, insufficient irrigation, so that is the correct answer.
10. ?1
This is a Sentence Sim plification question. As with all of the se items, a single sentence in the passage is
highlighted:
The extreme seriousness of desertification result s from the va st areas of land and the tremendous numbers
of pe ople affected, as well as from the great difficulty of re versing or even slow ing the pr ocess.
The correct answer is choice 1. That choice contains all of the e sse ntial information in the highlighted
sentence and does not change it s meaning. The only substantive diffe re nce between choice 1 and the tested
sentence is the order in whic h he information is pre sented. Two clauses in the highlighted sentence, "The
great difficulty of reversing the process" and "the numbers of pe ople affected," have simply bee n reverse d;
10
no meaning ha s bee n c hanged, and no information has been removed. Choice s 2,3, and 4 are all incorrect because they c hange the meaning of the highlighted sentence.
11. ?3
This is an Inference question asking for an inference that can be supported by the passage. The correct
answer is choice 3; the passage suggests that the author believes "Desertification will continue to increase."
The last paragraph of the passage says that slowing or rever sing the erosion proce ss will be very difficult, but that it may occur in those areas that are not too affected already if rigorously enforce d anti -erosion
processe s are implemented. Taken together, this suggests that the author is not confident this until happe n;
therefore, it can be inferred that he thinks erosion will continue. The passage provide s no ba sis for inferring choices 1, 2, or 4.
12. ?2
This is an Insert Text question. You can see the four black squares in paragraph
7 that represent the possible answer choices here:
? The raising of live stock is a major economic activity in sem iarid lands, where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation. ? The conseque nces of an excessive number of live stock grazing in an
area are the reduction of the vegetation c over and the trampling and pulverization of the soil. ? T his is
usually followe d by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion. ?
The se ntence provided, "This ec onomic rel iance on live stock in certain regions make s large tracts of land
susce ptible to overgrazing," is best inserted at Square 2. The inserted sentence refers ex plicitly to rel ying on
"livestock in certain regions." Those regions are the one s de scribed in the se ntence preceding square2, which states that raising live stock is "a major economic a ctivity in semiarid lands." The inserted sente nce then
explains that this reliance "makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing. " The sentence that follows
square 2 goes on to say that "The consequences of an exce ssive num ber of livestoc k grazin g in a n area
are. . ." Thus, the inserted sentence contains reference s to both the sente nce before square 2 and the sentence after square 2. This is not true of any of the other possible insert point s, so square 2 is c orrect.
13-14.?1 3 4
This is a Prose Summary question. It is completed correctly below. The correct choices are 1, 3, and 4.
Choice s 2, 5, and 6 are therefore inc orrect.
11
Early Cinema
1. ?3
This is a Negative Factual Information que stion asking for spec ific infor mation that can be found in paragraph l.
Choice 3 is the correct answer. The paragraph does mention that one viewer at a time could view the films (choice 1 ), that films c ould be viewed one after another (choice 2), and that films were short (c hoice 4).
Prizefights are mentioned as one subject of the se short films, but not necessarily the m ost popular one.
2. ?2
This is a Rhetorical Purpose que stion. It asks why the author mentions "phonograph parlor s" in paragraph 2.
The correct answer is choice 2. The author is explaining why Ediso n designed his arcades like phonograph parlors; that design had bee n succe ssful for him in the pa st. The paragraph doe s not mention the
phonograph parlor s to explain E dison' s financ ial success, so choice 1 is incorrect. The paragraph does not directly discuss the situations describe d in choice s 3 and 4, so those answer s too are incorrect.
3. ?3
This is a Sentence Sim plification question. As with all of the se items, a single sentence in the passage is
highlighted:
He refused to deve lop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purcha se only one machine-a pr ojector-fr om him, instead of several.
The correct answer is c hoice 3. That choice contains all of the e ssential ideas in the highlighted sentenc e. It is
also the only choice that does not change the meaning of the sentence. Choice 1 says that Edison was more interested in deve loping a variety of machines, whic h is not true. Choice 2 says that the reason Edison
refused to wor k on pr ojection technology was that exhibitors w ould ne ver replace the projector s. That also is
not true; the highlighted sentence im plies that he refused to do this because he wanted ex hibitors to buy
several Kinetoscope machines at a time instead of a single projector. Choice 4 says that Edison refuse d to
develop projection technology unless exhibitors agreed to purchase m ore that one pr ojector from him. The
highlighted se ntence actually says that Edison had already reasoned or conclude d that exhibitor s would not
buy m ore than one, so choice 4 is a change in e sse ntial meaning.
4. ?2
This is a V ocabulary que stion. The word bei ng tested is readily. It is highlighted in the passage. Readily means "easily," so choice 2 is the correct answer. The other choices do not fit in the cont ext of the sentence.
5. ?3
This is a Vocabulary que stion. The word being tested is assistance; it is highlighted in the passage. An
12
assistant is a person w ho helps a leader, so c hoice 3, "hel p," is the correct answer.
6. ?4
This is a Factual Informal-ion question asking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 4. The
correct answer is c hoice 4. Early movie s were different from previous spectacles because the y did not require
live actors. The paragraph states (em phasis added):
"But the movie s differed significantly from these other form s of e ntertainment, which depe nded on either
live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involveme nt of a master of
em bled the final program." ceremonies who a ss
So the fact that previous spectacles depended on live performance s is ex plicitly stated as one of the ways (but not the only way) that those earlier e ntertainments differed from movies. T he ot her answer choices are not mentioned in the paragraph.
7. ?1
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 5. The
correct answer is c hoice 1, "They decided how to com bine various com pone nts of the film program," because that idea is stated explicitly in the paragraph:
"Early exhibitors shape d their film programs by mixing films and other e ntertainments together."
The other choice s, while possibly true, are not explicitly mentioned in the paragraph as being among the
exhibitor s' role s.
8. ?4
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 6. The
correct answer is c hoice 4, "A differe nt type of material was used to pr oduce the images used in the Mutoscope." The paragraph says that the se machines were very similar but that the y d iffered in one particular way:
". . . the Mutoscope, which was a similar machine that repr oduce d m otion by means of successive images on individual photographic cards instead of on strips of cel luloid."
9. ?2
This is a Reference question. The wor d bei ng tested is it. That word is highlighted in the pa ssage. Choice 2,
"the viewer's relationship with the image," is the correct answer. This is a sim ple -pr onoun referent item. The sentence says that "it" suddenly became "public," which implies that w hatever "it" is, it was formerly private. The paragraph says that the "viewer's relationship t o the image was no longer pr ivate," so that relationship is the "it" referred to here.
13
10. ?1
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 6. The correct answer is choice 1. The paragraph says that the images expanded from an inch or two to life -size
proportions, so "small in size" must be correct. The paragraph does not me ntion t he other choices.
11. ?1
This is a Vocabulary Question. The word bei ng tested is expanded. It is highlighted in the passage. Choice 1, "was enlarged," is the correct answer. If something expanded, it grew or got bigger. "Enlarged" also means "grew or got bigger."
12. ?4
This is an Insert Text question. You can see the four black squares in paragraph 3 that repre sent the possible
answer choice s here.
? Exhibitor s, however, wanted to maximize their profits, whic h they c ould do more readily by projec ting a
handful of films to hundreds of customers at a time (rather than one at a time) and by charging 25 to 50 cents admission. ? About a year after the opening of the first Kinetoscope parlor in 1894, showmen such as Louis and Auguste Lumiere, Thomas Armat and Charles Francis Jenkins, and Orville and Woodville Latham (with the assistance of Edison' s former a ssistant, William Dickson ) perfected projection device s. ? These
early projection devices were used in va udeville theaters, legitimate theaters, local town halls, make shift
storefront theaters, fairgrounds, and am useme nt parks to show films to a mass audie nce. ?
The inserted se ntence fits best at square 4 because it represents the final result of the general use of projectors. After pr ojectors became popular, Edison lost money, and although he had pre viously refused to
develop pr ojection technology, now be was forced to do so. To place the sentence anyplace el se would interrupt the logical narrative seque nce of the e vents described. None of the sentence s in this paragraph can
logically follow the inserted se ntence, so squares 1, 2, and 3 are all incorrect.
13.?3 5 6
This is a Prose Summary question. It is completed correctly below. The correct choices are 3, 5, and 6. Choice s 1, 2, and 4 are therefore inc orrect.
14
TPO 3
Architecture
1. ? 4
2. ? 3
3. ? 4
4. ? 2
5. ? 1
6. ? 2
7. ? 3
8. ? 4
9. ? 1
10. ? 3
11. ? 2
12. ? 4
13. ?1 2 6
Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer
1. ?4
2. ?2
3. ?1
4. ?4
5. ?3
6. ?3
7. ?4
8. ?1
9. ?3
10. ?3
11. ?2
12. ?2
13. ?3
14. ?1 2 6
15
The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystem s
1. ?3
2. ?3
3. ?1
4. ?2
5. ?3
6. ?2
7. ?3
8. ?2
9. ?1
10. ?3
11. ?4
12. ?4
13. ?2
14. ?2 3 5
16
TPO 4
Deer Populations of the Puget Sound
1. ?4
2. ? 3
3. ? 3
4. ?4
5. ?1
6. ?3
7. ?1
8. ? 1
9. ?2
10. ? 2
11. ?2
12. ?4
13. ?2
14. ?2 3 5
Cave Art in Europe
1. ?1
2. ?2
3. ?1
4. ?4
5. ?4
6. ?3
7. ?4
8.?2
9. ?3
10. ?1
11. ?3
12. ?2
13. ?3
17
14. ?1 5 6
Petroleum Resources
1. ?2
2. ?4
3. ?1
4. ?3
5. ?1
6. ?4
7. ?1
8. ?2
9. ?2
10. ?4
11. ?3
12. ?1
13. ?4
14. ?1 2 3
18
TPO 5
Minerals And Plants
1.?2
2.?2
3.?2
4.?2
5.?3
6.?1
7.?4
8.?4
9.?1
10.?3
11.?4
12.?2
13.?1
14.?1 2 3
The Origin of The Pacific Island Pe ople
1.?4
2.?1
3.?1
4.?2
5.?3
6.?2
7.?1
8.?4
9.?4
10.?3
11.?2
12.?3
13.?4
19
14.?1、2、3
The Cambrian Ex plosion
1. ?2
2. ?3
3. ?1
4. ?2
5. ?1
6. ?2
7. ?3
8. ?3
9. ?2
10. ?4
11. ?3
12. ?2
13. ?2
14. ? 1 2 6
20
TPO 6
Powering the Industrial Revolution
1. ? 4
2. ?2
3. ?1
4. ? 3
5. ? 2
6. ? 1
7. ? 1.
8. ?3
9. ? 4
10. ?3
11. ? 2
12. ?3
13. ?2 4 6
William Smith
1. ? 3
2. ?3
3. ?2
4. ? 3
5. ? 1
6. ? 2
7. ? 4
8. ?1
9. ? 4
10. ?4
11. ? 2 3
12. ?2
13. ?3
14. ?2 3 6
21
Infantile Amnesia
1. ? 3
2. ? 2
3. ? 3
4. ? 4
5. ? 2
6. ? 4
7. ? 1
8. ? 4
9. ? 1
10. ?2
11. ? 1
12. ? 3
13. ? 4
14. ?2 4 6
22
TPO 7
The Geologic Histor y of t he Mediterranean
1.? 3
2.? 2
3.? 1
4.? 1
5.? 2 4
6.? 1
7.? 1
8? 2
9.? 4
10.? 2
11.? 3
12.? 3
13.? 1 4 5
Ancient Rome and Greece
1. ? 3
2. ? 3
3. ? 2
4. ? 1
5. ? 1
6. ? 4
7. ? 3
8.? 2
9. ? 4
10.? 3
11. ? 2
12. ? 1
13. ? 2
14. ? 1 4 5
23
Agriculture, Iron, and the Bantu Peoples
1. o3
2. o2
3. o4
4. o4
5. o1
6. o2
7. o2
8.o3
9. o1
10. o2
11. o3
12. o2
13. o2
14. o35 6
24
TPO 8
The Rise of Teotihuacan
1. ?3
2. ?2
3. ?1
4. ?4
5. ?3
6. ?3
7. ?4
8.?3
9. ?1
10. ?4
11. ?1 4
12. ?3
13. ?4
14. ?1 45
Extinction of The Dinosaurs
1. ?4
2. ?3
3. ?2
4. ?1
5. ?1
6. ?4
7. ?1
8.?1
9. ?2
10. ?4
11. ?2
12. ?3
13. ?3
25
14. ?1 3 5
Running Water On Mars
1. ?4
2. ?2
3. ?1
4. ?2
5. ?1
6. ?3
7. ?3
8.?2
9. ?2
10. ?2
11. ?1
12. ?1
13. ?1 2 5
26
TPO 9
Colonizing the Americas via the N orthwest Coast
1. ?2
2. ?3
3. ?4
4. ?1
5. ?1
6. ?3
7. ?1
8.?4
9. ?3
10. ?2
11. ?2
12. ?4
13. ?4
14. ?2 3 5
Reflection In Teaching
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
5. 2
6. 1
7. 3
8. 1
9. 2
10. 2
11. 3
12. 3
13. 245
27
The Arrival Of Plant Life In Hawaii
1. ?4
2. ?1
3. ?3
4. ?2
5. ?1
6. ?1
7. ?4
8.?2 3
9. ?4
10. ?2
11. ?2
12. ?3
13. ?2
14. ?23 6
28
TPO 10
Chine se Pottery
1. ?2
2. ?4
3. ?3
4. ?2
5. ?1
6. ?4
7. ?3
8.?1
9. ?2
10. ?1
11. ?2
12. ?2
13. ?2
14. ?1 3 5
Variations in the Climate
1. ?2
2. ?3
3. ?4
4. ?2
5. ?1
6. ?3
7. ?3
8.?2
9. ?1
10. ?2
11. ?2
12. ?2
13. ?4
29
14. ?1 3 5
Seventeenth-Centur y European Economic Growth
1. ?2
2. ?3
3. ?4
4. ?1
5. ?1
6. ?2
7. ?2
8.?3
9. ?3
10. ?3
11. ?1
12. ?2
13. ?3
14. ?1 3 6
30
TPO 11
Ancient Egyptian Sc ulpture
1. ?2
2. ?4
3. ?3
4. ?2
5. ?3
6. ?2
7. ?1
8.?1
9. ?3
10. ?4
11. ?4
12. ?2
13. ?4
14. ?2 3 5
Orientation and Navigation
1. ?3
2. ?3
3. ?4
4. ?1
5. ?2 6. ?3
7. ?2
8.?1
9. ?1
10. ?3 11. ?1 12. ?2 13. ?1
31
14. ?1 3 6
Begging by Nestlings
1. ?3
2. ?1
3. ?2
4. ?2
5. ?3
6. ?4
7. ?2
8.?2
9. ?3
10. ?1
11. ?3
12. ?4
13. ?2
14. ?1 2 3
TPO 12
Whic h Hand D id T he y U se ?
1. ?3
2. ?2
3. ?3
4. ?3
5. ?2
6. ?2
7. ?3
8.?4
9. ?4
10. ?1
11. ?4
12. ?4
32
13. ?2
14. ?2 3 4
Transition to Sound in Film
1. ?2
2. ?1
3. ?4
4. ?3
5. ?1
6. ?1
7. ?1
8.?2
9. ?1
10. ?4
11. ?2
12. ?2
13. ?2
14. ?1 2 3
Wat er in t he De sert
1. ?2
2. ?4
3. ?4
4. ?3
5. ?4
6. ?1
7. ?2
8.?2
9. ?3
10. ?3
11. ?1
12. ?3
33
13. ?Endogenous Rivers 1 5
?Exogenous Rivers 3 4 7
TPO 13
Types of Social Groups
1. ?2 2. ?4 3. ?3 4. ?1 5. ?3 6. ?4 7. ?2 8.?3 9. ?3 10. ?4
11. ?1 12. ?2 13.?Primary Groups 1 6 7 ?Secondary Groups 4 5
Biological Clocks
1. ?1 2. ?2 3. ?4 4. ?3 5. ?2 6. ?3 7. ?1 8.?3 9. ?1 10. ?1
2 6 11. ?1 12. ?2 13. ?2 14. ?1
Methods of Studying Infant Perception
1. ?3 2. ?3 3. ?1 4. ?3 5. ?2 6. ?1 7. ?2 8.?4 9. ?4 10. ?1
11. ?3 12. ?4 13. ?2 14. ?1 2 6
TPO 14
Children and Advertising
1. ?2 2. ?1 3. ?4 4. ?1 5. ?3 6. ?2 7. ?1 8.?3 9. ?4 10. ?1
11. ?2 12. ?1 13. ?1 2 4
Maya Water Problems
1. ?4 2. ?4 3. ?2 4. ?2 5. ?3 6. ?2 7. ?3 8.?1 9. ?1 10. ?3
11. ?1 12. ?4 13. ?1 3 4; 5 7
Pastoralism in A ncient Inner Eurasia
1. ?2 2. ?2 3. ?4 4. ?1 5. ?4 6. ?4 7. ?2 8.?1 9. ?2 10. ?3
11. ?4 12. ?1 13. ?1 3 4
TPO 15
A Warm-blooded Turtle
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. 4th square 13. 245
Mass Extinctions
14. C 15. A 16. D 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. 4th square 27. 124
Glacier Formation
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. 3rd square 14. 124
34
TPO 16
Trade and the Ancient Mi ddle East
32432/43214 /121 /356
Development of the Periodic Table
43121/43323 /413 /236
Planets in Our Solar System
44222/32231 /14/Terrestrial:14; Jovian: 367
TPO 17
Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia
34212/21432 /422 /236
Animal Signals in the Rain Forest
21313/44234 /122 /246
Symbiotic Relationships
32241/33413 /211 /135
TPO 18
Industrialization in theNetherlandsandScandinavia
BDDDA/ABCBB/ACC/345
The Mystery of Yawning
BAACD/BCDCD/ACC/246
Lightning
BCABD/DACBC/CAC/346
35
TPO19
The Roman Army’s Impact on Britain
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. B
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. C
D 10.
11. D
12. C
13. 4th square
14. Although the presence…
Though the army…
Roman soldiers started…
Succession, Climax, and Ecosystems
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. D
9. C
10. B
11. D
12. D
13. 3rd square
14. According to the…
The idea of….
The once popular…
Discovering the Ice Ages
15. D
16. B
17. B
18. A
19. B
36
20. B
21. A
22. C
23. D
24. B
25. A
26. B
27. 4th square 28. Evidence of a …
Nineteeth-century geologists
Isotopic analysis of…
37
Official Guide Reading
Applie d Arts and Fine Arts
3. ?1
4. ?1
5. ?2
6. ?1
7. ? 1 3 6
8. ?The Applied Arts 2 5 6 T he Fine Arts 1 4
38
Aggression
:
1. ? 3
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 2. The
"evide nce that indicates that aggression in correct answer is choice 3. The question asks specifically for
animals is related to the hypothalamus." Answer choices 1 and 2 are contradicted by the paragraph. Choice 2 is incorrect because, w hile the paragraph states that "electrical stimulation" triggers aggressive behavior in
in itself, but merely support for the more general statement in choice 3 many animals, this is not "evidence"
that increased hypothalamus activity, in general, is related to aggr ession.
以上内容为 OG 给出的解释，但本人认为此题无正确选项。因为 C 选项中的 increased activity 为原文未
提及内容，因此 C 项不正确。
B 选项中 artificial 错误，因为我们不能从原文当中的电刺激海马体导致动物侵略性推出人工的刺激海马
体能导致动物侵略性，这个是一个以偏概全的结论，因此建议将 B 选项中的 artificial 改为 electrical，则
B 选项为正确选项。
2. ?3
This is a Factual Information que stion asking for spec ific information that can be found in the pa ssage. The correct answer is choice 3, "many more individuals are born than can survive until the age of reproduction." This answer choice is e sse ntially a paraphra se of paragraph 3, sentence 4: "Darwin held that many more individuals are produced than can find food and survive into adult hood." Choices 1 and 2 are not mentioned
at all. Choice 4 may be true, but it is not stated in the passage as a fact; an inference is nee ded to support it.
3. ?1
This is a V ocabulary que stion. The word bei ng tested is inevitable. It is highlighted in the pa ssage. The correct answer is c hoice 1, unavoidable. If something is inevitable, that means t hat it will occ ur no matter what; in
other words, it is unavoidable.
4. ?3
This is a Vocabulary que stion. The wor d be ing tested is gratify. It is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 3, "satisfy." If a person's desire s are gratified, those desires are fulfilled. Thus the person is satisfied.
5. ?2
39
This is a Reference que stion. T he wor d bei ng tested is the y. It is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is c hoice 2, "pent-up aggressive impulse s." This is a simple pr onoun-re ferent item. T he w ord the?)
here refers to something that "may be expre ssed toward stra ngers later in life." This is the "outlet" toward which the "aggressive impulses" me ntione d may be directed.
6. ?2
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 5. The
correct answer is choice 2, "a fear that their parents will punish them and stop loving them." The que stion
asks w hat causes the conflict between the desire to vent aggression and children' s fears. The answer is found
in paragraph 5 in the sentence that reads, "Yet children, also fearing their parents' punishment and the loss
of parental love, come to re press most aggressive im pulses." Answer choice 2 is the only c hoice that correctly
identifie s the cause of the conflict created by re pressing aggression in c hildre n.
7. ?3
This is a Rhetorical Purpose question. If a sks you w hy the author mentions that Fre ud described people as
"steam engines" in the passage. The phrase being tested is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is
choice 3, "must ve nt their aggression to prevent it fr om building up.'' Steam engines w ill ex plode if their
steam builds up The same is true of people, as choice 3 indicates. The other choices are not necessarily true
of both pe ople and steam engines, so they are inc orrect.
8. ?2
This is a Sentence Sim plification question. As with all of the se items, a single sentence in the passage is highlighted:
For example, people who belie ve that aggression is necessary and justifie d-as during wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people w ho believe t hat a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or w ho think
that aggression is never justified, are less like ly to behave aggressive ly.
The correct answer is choice 2. It contains all of the essential information in the highlighted sentence. The
highlighted sentence c ompares people who be lieve particular acts of aggression are necessary and those who don't, in term s of their relative likelihood to act aggressivel y under certain conditions. This is precisely what choice 2 says: "People w ho be lieve tha t aggression is necessary and justifie d are more likel y to act
aggressively than those w ho believe differently." It compares the behavior of one type of per son to that of
another type of per son. Not hing essential has bee n left out, and the meaning has not bee n changed. Choice 1
changes the meaning of the sentence; it says categorically that "those (people) who belie ve that they are
fighting an unjust war do not (act aggressively)." The highlighted se ntence merely says that suc h people are
"less likel y" to act aggressively, not that they never will; this c hanges the meaning. Choice 3 says, "People who normally do not believe that aggression is necessary and justifie d ma y act aggressivel y during wartime."
40
This is incorrect because it leaves out critical information: it doe s not mention pe ople w ho do believe
aggression is necessary. T his choice does not make the same c omparison as the highlighted sentence. Choice 4, "People w ho believe that aggression is nece ssary and justified do not necessarily act aggressivel y during
wartime," also changes the meaning of the sentence by leaving out essential information. In this c hoice, no
mention is made of people who do not bel ieve aggression is necessary. This choice does not make the same comparison as the highlighted sente nce.
9. ?3
This is a Negative Factual Infor mation que stion asking for specific information that can be found in paragraphs 7 and 8. Choice 3 is the correct answer. Choice 1, "moral value s," is ex plicitly mentioned as one of
the influence s on aggressive be havior; so it is incorrect. Choices 2 (“pre vious e xperience s”) and 4 sentence in
paragraph8 says, “People decide whether the y will act aggressively of not on the basis of factors suc h as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other pe ople’s m otives.” Choice 3, the “instinct to
avoid aggression,” is not mentioned, so it is the correct answer here.
10. ?2
This is a Vocabulary que stion. The w ord be ing tested is distort . It is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 2, "misinterpret." To distort other people's motive s is to twist them, or view them
incorrectly and thereby not understand them pr operly. Something that is not understood pr operly is
misinterpreted.
11. ?2
This is an Insert Text question. You can see the four black squares in paragraph 5 that repre sent the possible
answer choice s here.
The Psychodynamic Approach. Theorists adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for under standing human behavior, including aggression. Sigmund Freud, for example, believe d that
aggressive impulses are ine vitable reactions to the frustrations of daily life. Children normally desire to ve nt
aggressive impulse s on other pe ople, inc luding their parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately. ?Yet c hildre n, also fearing their parents' punishme nt and
the loss of parental love, come to repress m ost aggressive impulses. ?The Fre udian perspective, in a sense,
sees us a s "steam engines." ? By holding in rather than venting "steam," we set the stage for future explosions. ? Pent-up aggressive impulse s demand outlets. They may be expressed toward parents in indirect ways suc h as de stroying furniture, or they may be expre sse d toward strangers later in life.
The sentence pr ovided, "According to Fre ud, howe ver, impulses that have been repre ssed c ontinue to exist
and demand expression," is be st inserted at square 2. Square 2 is correct because the se ntence bei ng
inserted is a connective sentence, connecting the idea of childhood repression in the preceding sentence to
the "Freudian perspective" in the sentence that follows. The use of the word however in this sentence
41
indicates that an idea already introduced (the repression of children' s aggressive im pulses) is be ing modifie d.
Here, the inserted sentence tells us that Freud thought that even though these impulses are represse d, they
continue to exist. This serves as a connection to the next sentence and the "Freudian perspective." Inserting
the sentence at square 1 w ould place the modification ("however, impulse s . . . continue to exist") before the idea that it m odifies (repre ssion of im pulses). T his make s no logical sense. Inserting the se ntence at square 3
would move t he modifying sentence away from it s logical p osition immediately following the idea that it modifies (repression of im pulses). Placing the insert sente nce at square 4 moves the sentence farther from its logical antecedent and has no c onnection to the sentence that follows it.
12.?Biological appr oach
? 2
Psychodynamic appr oach
? 1
? 6
Cognitive approach
? 3
? 5
42
Artisans and Industrialization
1. ?3
This is an Inference question asking for an inference that can be supported by the passage. The correct answer is choice 3, "They were produce d with more concern for quality than for spee d of production." A
number of statements throughout the passage support choice 3. Paragraph 1 states that "Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans . . . After 18 15 this older form of manufacturing began to give way t o factorie s with machinery tended by unskilled or
semiskille d laborers." Paragraph 2 states that "Before the rise of the factory . . . skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time." Paragraph 3 states, "The factory changed that. Goods produced by factories were not as finishe d or elegant
as those done by hand, and pride in craftsmanship gave way to the pressure to increase rates of productivity."
Taken together, these three statements, about production rates, the rise of factories after 18 15, and the decline of craftsmanship after 18 15, support the inference that before 18 15, the emphasis had bee n on
quality rather than on speed of pr oduction. Answer choices 1, 2, and 4 are all c ontradicted by the passage.
2. ?2
This is a Sentence Sim plification question. As with all of the se items, a single sentence in the passage is
highlighted:
Apprentices were considered part of the family, and ma sters were responsible not only for teaching their
apprentices a trade but also for pr oviding them some e ducation and for supervising their moral be havior.
The correct answer is choice 2. Choice 2 contains all of the e ssential information in the highlighted sentence.
The highlighted se ntence explains w hy (part of the family) a nd how (education, moral be havior) a master's
responsibility went beyond teaching a trade. The essential information is the fact that the master's responsibility went beyond teaching a trade. Therefore, choice 2 contains all that is essential without changing the meaning of the highlighted sentence.
Choice 1 changes the meaning of the highlighted sentence b~ stating that masters often treated apprentices irresponsibly.
Choice 3 c ontradicts the essential meaning of the highlighted sentence. T he fact that "Appre ntic es were
considered part of the family . . . " suggests that they were not actual family members.
Choice 4, like choice 3, change s the meaning of the highlighted sentence by discussing family member s as
apprentices.
3. ?4
This is a Vocabulary que stion. The wor d be ing tested is disrupted. It is highlighted in the passage. The correct
43
answer is choice 4, "upset." The word "upset" here is used in the context of "hurting productivity." When something is hurt or damaged, it is "upset."
4. ?1
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 4. The correct answer is c hoice I, "support the idea that it was diffic ult for worker s to adjust to working in factories."
The paragraph begins by stating that workers did not adopt new attitudes toward work easily and that the clock sym bolized the new work rules. The author pr ovides the quotation as evidence of that difficulty. There
is no indication in t he paragraph that wor kers quit due to loud noise, so choice 2 is incor rect. Choice 3
(usefulne ss of clocks) is contradicted by the paragraph. The factory clock was "useful," but workers hated it. Choice 4 (wor kers complaints as a cause of a factory's success) is not discussed in this paragraph.
5. ?4
This is a Negative Factual Information que stion asking for spec ific infor mation that can be found in paragraph
4. Choice 4, "contact among w orkers who were not managers," is the correct answer. The paragraph explicitly contradicts this by stating that "factories sharply se parate d worker s from management." The
paragraph explicitly states that w orkers lost choice I (freedom), choice 2 (status in the com munity), and
choice 3 (opportunitie s for advanceme nt) in the new system, so those choices are all incorrect.
6. ?1
This i s a V ocabulary que stion. The phrase bei ng tested i s "gathered some momentum." It is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice I, "made progress." To "gather momentum" means to advance with increasing speed.
7. ?1
This is a Vocabulary que stion. The word being tested is spearheaded. It is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 1, "led." The head of a spear leads the rest of the spear, so the crafts worker s who
"spearheaded" this moveme nt led it.
8. ?3
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 5. The correct answer is choice 3, "It was slow to impr ove conditions for workers." The paragraph states, "More
than a decade of agitation did finally bring a w orkday shortened to 10 hour s to m ost industries by the 1850' s,
and the courts also recognized worker s' right to strike, but these gains had little imme diate impact." This
statement explicitly supports c hoice 3. A ll three other c hoice s are contradicted by the paragraph.
44
9. ?2
This is a Factual Information que stion a sking for specific information about a particular phrase in the passage. The phrase in question is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 2, "created divisions among workers." The paragraph states (emphasis adde d): " . . . they (workers) were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms, gender; conflicting religious per spective s, occupational differences, political part loyalties, and disagreements over tactics." So "political party loyalties and disag reements over tactics'' are explicitly stared
as two cause s of division am ong worker s. The other choices are not stated and are incorrect.
10. ?1
This is a Reference que stion. The word bei ng tested is them. It is highlighted in the passage. This is a simp le
ronoun-re ferent item. The word them in this sentence refer s to those people to whom "the factory and p
industrialism were not agents of opportunity but reminder s of t heir loss of independence and a measure of
control over their live s." Choice 1, "Worker s," is the only c hoice that refers to this type of person, so it is the
correct answer.
11. ?4
This is an Insert Text que stion. You can see the four black squares in paragraph 1 that represe nt the possible
answer choice s here.
Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in home s or shops by skilled artisans. ? As
master craft worker s, they imparted the knowle dge of their trades to appre ntices and journeyme n. ? In addition,
women often w orked in their homes part -time, making finishe d articles from raw material supplie d by merchant
capitalists. W After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. ? Cheap transportation networks, the rise of citie s, and the avai lability of
capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory pr oduction.
The se ntence pr ovided, "This new form of manufacturing de pende d on the moveme nt of goods to distant
locations a nd a centralized source of laborers," is best inserted at square 4. The inserted sentence refers explicitly to "a new form of manufacturing." This "new form of manufacturing" is the one me ntione d in the
sentence preceding square 4, "factories with machiner y tended by unskilled or se miskille d laborers." The
inserted se ntence then explains that this new system depended on "the movement of goods to di stant locations and a centralized source of laborers." The sentence that follow s square 4 goes on to say, "Cheap
transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production." Thus the inserted sentence c ontains refere nces t o both the sentence before square 4
and the sentence after square 4. This is not true of any of the other possible insert points, so square 4 is the correct answer.
12. ??Before 1815: 2 6 1815-1850: 3 5 7
This i s a Fill in a Table question. It is completed correctly below. The correct choices for the "Before 18 15"
45
column are 2 and 6. Choices 3, 5, and 7 belong in the "1815-1850" column. Choices 1and 4 should not be
used in either column.
46
Swimming Machines
1. ? 2
This is a Vocabulary question. The word being tested is enhance. It is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 2, "improve." To enhance something means to "make it better." If something has been "improved," it has been made better.
2. ?2
This is a Reference que stion. The w ord being tested is they. It is highlighted in the passage. Choice 2, "fins," is the correct answer. T his is a sim ple pronoun-referent item. The w ord they refers to something that lies flush
with the body w hen not in use. This is true only of "fins."
3. ? 4
This is a Rhetor ical Pur pose que stion. It asks why the author mentions that "Airplane s retract their landing
gear while in flight." The phrase be ing tested is highlighted in the pa ssage. The correct answer is ch oice 4, "To
demonstrate a similarity in design between certain fishes and airplanes." The paragraph in which the highlighted phrase appears de scribe s how certain fish use their fins. The highlighted phrase is used to provide a more familiar example (airplanes) of the principle involve d to help the reader visualize how fins
work. The paragraph doe s not discuss air planes in any ot her context, so choice s 2 a nd 3 are incorrect. Air and
water resistance are not mentioned in this paragraph, so choice 1 is incorre ct.
4. ? 1
This is a Vocabulary question. The word bei ng tested is sophisticated. It is high lighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 1, "complex." If something is sophisticated, it is "not simple," so it must be "complex."
5. ? 4
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 4. The correct answer is choice 4, "reducing water resistance as they swim." The overall theme of the passage is how certain fish swim so efficiently. Paragraphs 1 a nd 2 make the general statement that "practically every aspect of the body form and function of the se swim ming ' machine s' is adapted to enhance their ability to
swim. Many of the adaptations of the se fishes serve t o reduce water resistance (drag)." Paragra ph 4 explicitly
states (empha sis added) that "Tunas, mackerel s, and billfishe s have even more sophisticated adaptations
than these to improve their hydrodynamic s. The long bill of marlins, sailfishes, and swor dfish probably hel ps
them slip through the water." This is a specific example of one a daptation that these fish have made to increase their sw imming efficie ncy. None of the other choices is me ntione d in the paragraph.
47
6. ? 1
This is a Factual Information que stion asking for spec ific information that can be found in the pa ssage. The correct answer is choice 1, "They lack a sw im bladder." Paragraph 6 explicitly states ". . . tunas must swim to breathe. They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking, since most hale largely or com pletely lost the
choice s are not supported by the passage. swim bladder . . ." The other
7. ? 4
This is a Sentence Sim plification question. As with all of the se items, a single sentence in the passage is highlighted:
One potential problem is that ope ning the m outh to breathe detracts from the
streamlining of these fishes a nd tends to slow them down.
The correct answer is c hoice 4. That choice contains all of the e ssential ideas in the highlighted sentence. It is
also the only c hoice that doe s not change the meaning of the se ntence. It om its the fact that this is "a problem” and also "that it detracts from streamlining" because that information is not e ssential to the
meaning.
Choice 1 says that these fish have trouble opening their mout hs w hile swimming, whic h is not true. Ch oice 2,
that streamlining pre vents fish from slow ing down, may be true, but it is not me ntione d in this sentence.
The fish are slowed dow n w hen the y open their mouths, which re duces streamlining. Choice 3, that streamlining slow s the fishe s' breathing, is also not me ntione d.
8. ? 3
This is a Vocabulary question. The word bei ng tested is cha nnel. It is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is c hoice 3, "direct." Channe l here is used as a verb, meaning to "m ove" or "push."
9. ? 2
This is a Factual Information que stion asking for spec ific information that can be found in the pa ssage. The correct answer is choice 2, "make efficient use of water currents." Paragraph 8 explicitly states: "Perhaps
most im portant of all to the se and other fast swimmer s is their ability to sense and make use of swirls and eddies (circ ular currents) in the water. They can glide past eddies that would slow them dow n and then gain
extra thrust by "pushing off" the eddie s. Scientists and engineer s are beginning to study this ability of fishes in the hope of designing more efficient propulsion systems for ships." The other choices are not me ntione d in
connection with the performance of ships.
48
10. ? 3
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 9. The
correct answer is c hoice 3, "They can swim in waters that are much c older than t heir own bodies." That
paragraph says, "A bluefin tuna in water of 7?C (45?F) can maintain a core temperature of over 25?C (77"F)."
So it is clear that choice C is correct. Choice 1 is not stated in the paragraph. Choice 2 is contradicted by the
paragraph. Choice 4 is true of billfish, not blue fin tuna.
11. ?2
This is an Insert Text question. You can see the four black squares in paragraph 6 that repre sent the possible
answer choice s here. The la st sentence of paragraph 5 is also reproduced bel ow.
Again, super sonic jets have similar features. ?Because they are always sw imming, tunas sim ply have to open
their mouths and water is forced in and over t heir gills. ? Acc ordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it pa st the gills. In fact, tunas m ust swim t o breathe. ?They
must also keep swimming t o kee p from sinking, since most have largely or com pletely l ost the swim bladder,
the gas-fille d sac that helps m ost other fish remain buoyant.
The sentence provide d, "Consequently, tunas do not need t o suck in water," is best inserted at square 2. The sentence pr ovides an explanation for the musc le loss de scribed in the sentence that follow s square 2 and is a
result of the fact de scribed in t he preceding sentence, which says t hat because the fish are always swim ming,
they only have to open their m ouths to suck in water. Thus if the provided sentence is inserted at square 2, it provides a logical bridge between cause and effect. The se ntence makes no logical se nse anywhere el se.
12. ?Reducing Water Resistance: 1 4 5; Increasing Thrust: 2 7
This is a Fill in a Table question. It is completed correctly below. The cor rect choices for the "Reducing water
resistance" column are 1, 4, and 5. Choices 2 and 7 bel ong in the "Increasing thrust" colum n. Choices 3 and 6
should not be use d in e ither column.
49
Nineteenth-century Politics in the U nited States
1. ?2
This is a Vocabulary que stion. The wor d bei ng tested is immeasurably. It is highlighted in the passage. Iiznzeasurab2y means "in a manner too big to be measured." So if Jackson enlarged the preside nt's powers
so m uch that the results can't be measured, he enlarged them "greatly."
2. ?3
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 1. The correct answer is c hoice 3 because the fir st se ntence of the paragraph explic itly states that this was w hen the
development of the modern presidenc y began. The remainder of the paragraph is devoted to explaining the significant c hanges in government t hat this devel opme nt involved. The re sult, as stated in se ntence 5, was
that the nature of the presidency itself was rede fined. Choice 1 is contradicted by the paragraph; Jackson didn't give presidential power away, he increased it. Choice 2 is not mentioned in the paragraph: it says Jackson addresse d the Se nate, but not that this was the beginning of regular addresse s. Choice 4, whic h says
that this was the first time the Senate oppose d the Pre side nt, is not stated in the passage.
3. ?2
This is a Rhetorical Purpose que stion. It is asking you why the author me ntions "banker s and investors" in the
passage. The phrase being tested is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 2. The author is using bankers and investors as exam ples of people that the Dem ocrats claimed were "manipulating" the
banking system for the ir own profit. That means that they were unfairly becom ing ri ch. Choice s 1, 3, and 4
are all inc orrect because, ba sed upon the passage, they seem unlikely to be true. Therefore, the author would not use them a s example s.
4. ?1
This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 3. Choice 1 is the correct answer. The paragraph says that Whigs believe d c ommerce and economic devel opme nt
"would benefit e veryone." That means e ssentially the same thing as choice 1, w hich says that Whigs bel ieved
economic growth w ould "prom ote the advancement of society as a whole." "Society as a whole" is another way of saying "everyone." Choices 2 and 3 are not me ntione d in the paragraph. Choice 4, about c onflict
between groups, is me ntione d but in a different context, so it is not a be lief held by Whigs.
5. ?3
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 3. The correct answer is c hoice 3: the Whigs viewed governme nt as responsible for maintaining an economy that
allowed all capable citizens to benefit. This is a re statement of paragraph 3, se ntence 5. The paragraph states
50
that Whigs did not envision c ontinuing conflict between farmers and busine ss pe ople, so choice 1 is wrong.
Whigs favored changes brought about b) the market , so choice 2 is wr ong. Whigs were in favor of increased
emphasis on economic devel opment, so choice 4 is inc orrect.
6. ?2
This is a Vocabulary question. The word bei ng tested is inclination. It is highlighted in the passage. The fact
that Jackson had an inclination to be a strong Preside nt means that he pre ferred bei ng strong to having
limited powers. In other w ords, his "tendency" wa s to favor a strong presidency, so c hoice 2 is the correct
answer.
7. ?3
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 4. The
correct answer is choice 3, which is explicitly stated in sentence 3 of t he paragraph. Se ntences 4 and 5
explicitly re fute the other c hoice s.
8. ?4
This is a V ocabulary que stion. The word bei ng tested is concept. It is highlighted in the passage. The pa ssage says that "for Whigs the concept of governme nt was . . ." In other words, "the way Whigs thought about government was." That process of thinking repre sents ideas, so choice 4 is the correct answer here.
9. ?4
This is an Inference que stion asking for an inference that can be supported by paragraph 5. The correct answer is c hoice 4: variations in Whigs' political beliefs reflected regional differe nces. This is supported by
sentence 5 of the paragraph which says t hat certain beliefs "particularly" reflected the view s of northern
Whigs. That suggests that Whigs in other regions of t he country had be liefs that varied from this view and
implie s that such difference s were regional. The other three choice s are not mentioned in the passage in
connection with "variations" in Whig be liefs, so there is no ba sis for inferring any of them.
10. ? 2
This is a Negative Factual Information que stion asking for spec ific infor mation that can be found in paragraph
6. Choice 2 is the correct answer. Sentence 5 says that it was Whigs, not Democrats, who had the support
of planters involved in international trade. The next sentence, se ntence 6, says that in contrast, Dem ocrats
had the support of the groups mentioned in choices 1, 3, and 4 ("wor kers," "entrepreneurs," and certain
other "individuals"). Therefore, all of the groups de scribe d in the answer choices, EXCEPT the planters of choice 2, did support the Democrats.
51
11. ? 4
This is a Sentence Sim plification question. As with all of the se items, a single sentence in the passage is
highlighted:
The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the
em isubsistence farming that were more isolated market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of s
and languishing econom ically. The correct answer is choice 4. Choice "contains all of the e ssential
information in the te sted se ntence but the order in which it is prese nted is rever sed. The highlighted
sentence describes areas of Whig strength first, and then the areas where Democrats were strong. The correct answer, choice 4, describe s Democrat strongholds fir st, and then Whig areas. No meaning ha s been
changed, and no information has bee n left out. Choice 1 is inc orrect because it states that Whigs were able
to attract support only in the wealthiest areas. The highlighted se ntence does not say that; it says their
support came from places integrated into the market, which can include areas of all ec onom ic level s.
Choice 2 is incorrect because it says that the two parties were split between rural and urban areas. However, the highlighted se ntence says that Whigs were strong in rural areas that were integrated into the market econom y. In other words, the split between the parties wa s ba sed on t he degree to which an area was
integrated into the market, not whether it was urban or rural. Choice 3 is incorrect because the highlighted sentence make s no mention of how (or if) the Whigs' control of the market ec onom y affected the areas
dominated by the Dem ocrats.
12. ? 1
This is an Insert Text question. You can see the four black squares in paragraph 2 that repre sent the possible
answer choice s here.
During Jackson's second term, his oppo nents had gradually come together to form the Whig party. ? Whigs
and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes br ought about by the market, banks, and
commerce. ? The Democrats tended to view society a s a continuing conflict between "the peopl e “farmers,
planters, and wor kers-and a set of greedy aristocrats. ?This "paper mone y aristocracy" of banker s and
investor s manipulated the banking system for their ow n profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nation's virtue by encouraging speculation and the de sire for sudde n, unearned wealth. ?The Democrats wanted the
rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a sim ple agrarian republic. The y wanted the wealth
that the market offere d without the c ompetitive, c hanging society; the c omplex dealing; the dominance of
urban centers; and the loss of inde pende nce that came with it.
The sentence pr ovided, "This new party argued against the policies of Jackson and his party in a num ber of
important areas, beginning with the economy," is be st inserted at square 1. Square 1 is correct because the phrase "This new party" refers directly and only to the Whigs, w ho are fir st mentioned (as a recently formed
party) in sentence 1 of this paragraph. Square 2 is incorrect because the sentence before is not limited to the new Whig party. It discusses both Whigs and Democrats. Squares 3 and 4 are both incorrect because the sentences preceding them refer to the Democrats (the old party), not the Whigs.
13. ?1 5 6
52
This is a Prose Summary question. It is completed correctly below. The correct choices are 1, 5, and 6.
Choices 2, 3, and 4 are therefore incorrect.
53
The Expression of Em otions
1. ? 2
This is a Vocabulary que stion. The word being tested is despondent. It is highlighted in the pa ssage. The correct answer is choice 2, "unha ppy." The sentence in which the highlighted w ord appears use s desponde nt
as a contrast to happy. Since unhappy is the opposite of happy, it provide s the fullest possible contrast and is
equivalent to the contrast between Joy a nd sadness at the beginning of the se ntence.
2. ? 3
e stion. It is asking you why the author mentions "baring the teeth in a hostile This is a Rhetorical Purpose qu
way" in the passage. This phrase is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 3 ; baring the
teeth is an example of a facial expression w hose meaning is widel y understood. The central theme of
paragraph 1 of the passage is facial expressions that are universal. The author provides various examples of such expressions, and baring the teeth is mentioned as a universal sign of anger. The other choices are all mentioned in the passage, but not in conjunction with baring the teeth, so they are all incorrect.
3. ? 2
This is a Vocabulary question. The word bei ng tested is concur. It is highl ighted in the pa ssage. The correct
answer is choice 2, "agree." Concur means to agree, so if investigators concur about the meaning of certain facial expressions, they agree on the ir meaning.
4. ? 3
This is a Reference question. The word bei ng tested is t hem, and it is highlighted in the passage. This is a
simple pronoun-referent item. The w ord the m refers to the photographs that Paul Eckman showed to pe ople
from diver se cultures, so the correct answer is choice 3, "photographs."
5. ? 3
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 2. The correct answer is choice 3, which states that the Fore people of New Zealand knew very little about Western culture. The paragraph explicitly says that the Fore had almost no contact with Western culture. None of the other three choice s is mentioned in connection w ith the Fore, so none of them is c orrect.
6. ? 3
This is a Sentence Sim plification question. As with all of the se items, a single sentence in the pa ssage is
highlighted:
54
The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions w hen aske d how they would respond if they were the
characters in storie s that called for ba sic emotional responses.
The correct answer is choice 3. It contains all of the e sse ntial ideas i n the highlighted sentence without
changing the meaning. This choice says that the Fore "exhibited the same relationship of facial and basic emotions that is seen in We stern cult ure whe n they acted out stories." The se ntence that precede s the
highlighted se ntence states that in a sur vey, the Fore agreed with We sterners on how various em otions are
portrayed. Then the highlighted se ntence says that in a different situation (story -telling) the Fores'
expressions were also familiar; that is, these expressions were the same as those exhibited by Westerners in this situation. Choices 1 and 2 are incorrect because each one changes the highlighted se ntence into a
statement that is not true. Choice 4 is incorrect because it says that the Fore were familiar with the f acial expressions of c haracters in stories. The highlighted sentence says that it was the investigators who were familiar with the Fores' expressions. This is a change in meaning, so it is incorrect.
7. ? 1
This is a Factual Information que stion asking for specific information that can be found in the pa ssage. The correct answer is choice 1, emotions that are not ex presse d bec ome le ss intense. This is correct base d on the
direct quotation of Darwin in paragraph 3. In that quotation, Darwin says that emotio ns that are freely
expressed become m ore intense, while "on the other hand those that are not freely expre ssed are
"softened," meaning that they become le ss intense. Choices 2, 3, and 4 are all incorrect because there is nothing in the passage that indicates Darwin ever believed these things about expressing emotions. Some or all of them may actually be true, but there is nothing in this pa ssage that supports them.
8. ? 1
This is a Factual Information que stion asking for specific infor mation that can be fo und in the passage. You
can see that the phrase "The facial-fee dback hypothe sis" is highlighted where it first appears in the passage in paragraph 3. The correct answer is choice 1, research supporting this hypothesis came from studying experiments of the reactions of people to cartoons. This idea is found in paragraph 4, which uses these experiments as an example of how facial feedback works. Choice 3, the release of neurotransmitters, is mentioned in paragraph 5 but, not in connection w ith the facial-feedback hypothesis, so it is inc orrect.
Choice s 2 and 4 are not explicitly mentione d at all in the passage.
9. ? 1
This is a Vocabulary question. The word bei ng tested is rate, and it is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is c hoice 1, "judge." Rate in this context means "to judge."
10. ? 4
This is a Vocabulary que stion. The wor d being tested is relevant, and it is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 4, "applicable. "Relevant means that Ekman' s observation applies ("is applic able") to
55
an expression.
11. ? 4
This is a Factual Information que stion asking for specific information that can be found in the pa ssage. The correct answer is choice 4; stiffening the upper lip may e ither he ighten or reduce emotional response. This is
stated explicitly in paragraph 6 of the passage as a possible paradox in the relationship between facial expressions and em otions.
Choice 1 is incorrect because paragraph 6 contradicts it.
t he fear and tension of a person trying to keep a stiff Choice 2 is incorrect because the passage mentions only
upper lip, not any fear or tension that expression may cause in others.
Choice 3 is inc orrect because there is no suggestion anyw here in t he passage that stiffening the upper lip may
damage lip muscles.
12. ?3
This is an Insert Text question. You can see the four black squares in paragraph 2 that represent the possible answer choice s here.
Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in all pe ople. Moreover,
people in diverse cult ures recognize the emotions manife sted by the facial expressions. II In classic research
Paul Ekman took photographs of pe ople exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. . He then asked people around the w orld to indica te what emotions were be ing de picted in them.
Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups, including the Fore, who had alm ost no contact with Western culture, agree d on
the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions w hen asked how they would
respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues m ore recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in whic h participants were
permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were be ing shown a nd which em otion was more intense.
The sentence provided, "This universality in the recognition of e motions wa s dem onstrated by using rather
simple methods," is best inserted at square 3. Square 3 is correct because the inserted sentence begins with the phrase "This universality." The universality be ing referred to is the fact, stated in the second sentence,
that "people in diverse c ultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expre ssions."
None of the other answer c hoice s follow s a sentence that contains a universal statement. Sentence 1
mentions that "Most investigators concur," which means that some do not. Therefore this is not a universal statement. Squares 2 and 4 are incorrect because there is nothing in either sentence to whic h "This
universality" could refer.
13. ?2 4 6
56
This is a Prose Summary question. It is completed correctly below. The correct choices are 2, 4, and 6. Choices 1, 3, and 5 are therefore incorrect.
57
Geology and Landscape
1. ? 4
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be foun d in paragraph 1. The correct answer is choice 4. Sentence 1 of the paragraph explicitly states that Earth's landscape changes relatively rapidly com pared to Earth's overall age. Choice 1, on the frequency of la ndscape changes, is contradicted by the parag raph. Choice 2, that landscape change s occur only at special times, is also
contradicted by the paragraph. Choice 3, the freque ncy of landscape changes, is not mentioned.
2. ? 2
This is a Vocabulary que stion. The word being tested is relativel y, and it is highlighted
in the passage. The correct a nswer is choice 2. The sentence in whic h relative ly appears is com paring Earth's
time scale to the human time scale, so "comparatively" is the correct answer.
3. ? 2
This is an Inference que stion asking for an inference that can be supported by paragraph 2. The correct answer choice 2, the Himalaya s arc higher t han the Cale donian m ountains. The paragraph states that
younger mountains are general& higher than older mountains. It also states that the Himalayas are much younger than the Cale donians. Since the Himalayas are the younger range and Lounger m ountain ranges are
higher- than older ranges, we can infer that the younger Himalayas are higher than the older Cale donians.
Choice s 1 and 4 are incorrect because that explicitly contradict the passage. The height of t he Himalayas is an
indication of their age, and the Himalayas are about the same height that the Caledonians were 40 0 million
years ago. Choice 3 is incorrect because nothing there is nothing in the para graph about "uniform height."
4. ? 3
This is a V ocabulary que stion. The word bei ng tested is relic s, and it is highlighted in the passage. Choice 3 is
the correct answer. The 1.e1ic.s of the Caledonian range are what is left of them. "Remains" means what is left of something, so it is the c orrect answer.
5. ? 3
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 3. The correct answer is choice 3, mountains are for med by crustal plates hitting each other. T he paragraph states that mountains are formed in three ways: by, crustal plates hitting each other, by earthquakes, and by volcanoe s. Choices 1,2, and 4 are not among the se cause s of m ountain formation, so t hey are therefore
incorrect.
58
6. ? 1
This is a Rhetorical Pur pose que stion. It asks why the author mentions "carbon dioxide" in the passage. This term is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is c hoice 1; carbon dioxide is mentioned to explain the origin of a chemical that can erode r ocks. The a uthor is de scribing a particular cause of er osion, and the
starting point of that process is carbon dioxide.
7. ? 2
This is a Vocabulary question. The word be ing tested is seeps, and it is highlighted in the passage. Choice 2, "Rows slow ly," is the correct answer. The sentence is describing the way in w hich rain moves underground
from Earth's surface. It cannot do this by "drying" (choice 1), "freezing" (choice 3), or "warming"(choice 4).
8. ? 2
This is a Refere nce question. The w ord being tested is them, and it is highlighted in the passage. Choice 2, "masses of ice" is the correct answer. This is a simple pronoun -referent item. The word tlze11z refers to the glaciers that are carrying eroded roc k. Notice that in this case, a whole series of w ords separates the pronoun
from its re ferent.
9. ? 2
This is a Sentence Simplification que stion. As with all of these items, a singlesentence in the passage is highlighted:
Hills and mountains are often regarded as the epitome of permanence: successfully resist ing the destructive
forces of nature, but in fact they tend to be re latively short -lived in geological terms.
The correct answer is choice 2. That choice contains all of the e sse ntial information in the highlighted
sentence. it omits the information in the sec ond clause of the highlighted sentence ("successfully re sisting
the destructive forces of nature") because that information is not e sse ntial to t he meaning. Choices 1, 3, and
1 are all incorrect because they change the meaning of the highlighted sentence. Choice 1 adds information on the age of a mountain that is not mentioned in the highlighted sentence. Choi ce 3 introduces information about how long mountains re sist forces of nature in absolute terms; the highlighted sentence says that the resistance is relativel y short in geological terms, whic h is an entirely different meaning. Choice 4 c ompares
mountains to other land form s. The highlighted se ntence doe s not make any suc h com parison.
10. ? 4
This is a Factual Information question a sking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 6. The correct answer is choice 4, "sand." Sentence s 3 and 4 of t hat paragraph de scribe er osion in dry areas. Sand is
59
carried by wind and bombards rock; this bom bardment breaks down the rock, and, as a result, more sand is
c tivity (choice 1) created. Thus sand is both the cause and the result of erosion, so choice 4 is correct. Glacial aand tree roots (choice 3) are both mentioned only as causes of erosion. Rock de bris (c hoice 2) is mentioned
only a s a result of er osion.
11. ? 1
This is an Insert Text question. You can see the four black squares in paragraph 6 that repr e sent the possible
answer choice s here.
c old c onditions, rocks can be shattered by ice and frost. Glaciers may form in permanently c old Under very
areas, and these slowly moving masses of ice c ut out valleys, carrying with t hem huge quantities of er oded
rock debris. ? In dry areas the w ind is the principal agent of erosion. ? It carries fine particles of sand, w hich
bombard exposed rock surface s, thereby wearing t hem into yet more sand. ? Even living things contribute to
the formation of landscapes. ? Tree roots force their way into cracks in r ocks and, in so doing, speed their splitting. In contrast, the roots of grasses and other small plants may he lp to hold loose soil fragments
together, thereby helping to prevent erosion by the wind.
The sentence provide d, "Under differe nt climatic conditions, another type of destructive force c ontributes to
erosion,'' is best inserted at square 1.
Square 1 is correct because the inserted sentence is a transitional sentence, moving the discussion away
from one set of cli matic conditions (cold) to another set of climatic conditions (dryne ss). It is at square 1 that
the transition between topic s takes place.
Squares 2, 3, and 4 all precede sentence s that provide details of dry climatic conditions. No transition is taking place at any of those places, so the inserted sentence is not needed.
12. ?Constructive processes 1 5 6; Destructive processes 3 7
This is a Fill in a Table question. It is completed correctly below. The correct choices for the "constructive
processe s” c olum n are 1, 5, and 6. Choices 3 and 7 are the c orrect choice s for the "destructive proce sse s"
column. Choices 2 and 4 should not be use d in either column.
60
Feeding Habits of East African Herbivores
1. ?3
2. ?2
3. ?4
4. ?4
5. ?3
6. ?3
7. ?2
8. ?1
9. ?1
10. ?4
11. ?2
12. ?3
13. ?4
14. ?245
61
Loie Fuller
o3 1.
o42.
o1 3.
o1 4.
5. o3
o4 6.
o4 7.
o38.
o39.
o210.
11. o1
o112.
o413.
14. o345
62
Green Icebergs
1. o3
o2 2.
3. o4 4. o2
o1 5.
6. o4
o3 7.
o18.
o19.
o410.
o211.
o312.
o213.
o34614.
63
Online Test
Opportunists and Com petitors
1. ?4
2. ? 3
3. ? 2
4. ? 2
5. ?3
6. ? 1
7. ?1
8. ? 4
9. ?2
10.? 4
11.? 3
12. ? Opportunists:3 4 6 9 Competitor s:2 5 8
64
Lascaux Cave Paintings
1. ? 3
2. ? 1
3. ? 4
4. ?2
5. ?3
6. ? 3
7. ? 3
8. ? 3
9. ?4
10. ?1
11. ? 3
12. ?1
13. ?1 3 5
65
Electricity from Wind
1. o4
2. 0 3
3. 0 2
4. 0 2
5. o4
2 6. 0
7. o3
8. o3
9. o4
10. o4
11. o1
12. o2
13. o4
14. o1 2 3
66
Official M odel Te st
Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction
1. ? 4
2. ?3
3. ?3
4. ? 2
5. ? 1
6. ? 3
7. ? 3.
8. ?2
9. ? 2
10. ?2
11. ? 1
12. ?4
13. ?4
14. ?2 4 6
67
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