2011年7月自考真题英语词汇学

2011年7月自考真题英语词汇学 Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self—respecti ng people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes. It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at sc hool and more retired people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full—time jobs. 21. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries. B. Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations. C. The industrial age may now be coming to an end. D. Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment. 22. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment? A. the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries B. the development of factories C. relief from housework on the part of women D. development of modern means of transportation 23. It can be inferred from the passage that____. A. Most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of time. B. Many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructed. C. In pre-industrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried out by women. D. Some of the changes in work patterns that the industrial age brought have been reversed. 24. What does the word “daunting” in the third paragraph mean? A. shocking B. interesting C. confusing D. stimulating 25. Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation? A. create situations in which people work for themselves B. treat employment as the norm C. endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of production D. encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: Acid rain is a very serious air and water pollution problem. Many people feel that it is the most serious pollution problem that we now face. Scientists say that plant and animal life in thousands of lakes in the United States and Canada has already been destroyed by acid rain. Acid rain forms in the upper atmosphere. There, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides mix with water vapor. They mix with water vapor to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid. When the vapor condenses and rain falls, the acids fall with it. Every time acid rain falls in a lake, the level of acid in the lake rises. Over time, it can rise to the point at which plants and insects cannot survive. Without plants, which supply oxygen, and insects, which supply food, fish die. The lake becomes a dead lake. The problem of acid rain has greatly increased in the last few years. Most of the blame for acid rain has been placed on industries. However, some people feel that ineffective air pollution laws are also to blame for the acid rain problem. A few years ago, many cities and states passed local air pollution laws. The laws were written to improve the air quality in the cities and states. However, the laws usually didn't say anything about the amount of pollution that an industry could pump into the air. Industries found a way to meet the new pollution laws without reducing the amount of pollution they released. They met the new standards by building taller smokestacks. With the taller smokestacks, air pollutants were released higher up into the atmosphere. The wind carried them far away from the polluting factory. To the people near the factory, the air seemed cleaner. However, the pollution that they once got was now coming down hundreds of miles away in the form of acid rain. 26. Which of the following is TRUE about acid rain? A. It is acknowledged by scientists to be the most serious pollution problem that human beings now face. B. Many endangered species are on the verge of extinction because of acid rain. C. Acid rain is composed of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides mixed with water vapor found in the upper atmosphere. D. Acid rain is mostly found in the United States and Canada. 27. Why do lakes in the United States and Canada become dead lakes? A. Fish in the lakes die because acid rain deprives them of oxygen. B. Fish in the lakes die from taking in poisonous substances released from the acids. C. Fish in the lakes die from direct contact with accumulated acid in the water. D. Air pollutants are dissolved in the water and thus kill the fish. 28. Why didn't the state and local air pollution laws achieve the end of reducing pollution? A. Industries tend to disregard the laws because they don't want to spend extra money on the processing of industrial wastes. B. Although measures are taken to send industrial pollutants higher up the atmosphere the amount of industrial pollutants remains the same. C. The smokestacks built to release pollutants are not tall enough. D. Only a small number of industries are equipped to live up to the new standards of the air pollution laws. 29. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Air pollution laws in the United States and in Canada typically don't specify the amount of pollutants released by industries. B. The neighboring areas of a factory receive less pollution than distant areas. C. The number of occurrences of acid rain over the last few years has been on the rise. D. It is generally believed that ineffective air pollution laws rather than industries are to blame for acid rain. 30. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Acid Rain: A Environmental Disaster B. Who Is To Blame? C. Formation of Acid Rain D. New State and Local Air Pollution Laws Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: A few years ago a lone American campaigner wrote a book in which he set out the main points of his fascinating crusade—to abolish television. His manifesto (宣言、声明) Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television is an American Cult bestseller, and after eight editions is still generating concern and savage debate in the United States. Jerry Mander, a former advertising expert，is convinced that for the sake of our freedom, and mental and physical health, we should learn to live without Television. Through his advertising background Mander is aware of how much of television is concerned with advertising. He sees the planting of values for profit as a deep, profound and disturbing act by the few against many, for a trivial purpose. And, even without commercials, he sees TV as disturbing because it crams people's heads with images which alter the way they feel and behave. Pictures formed by 300,000 tiny dancing dots altering 30 times per second, bombard their eyes as people scan the images 10 times a second. But, argues Mander, even if you reject or doubt what you see consciously, it is too late, the crucial messages have gone home. He further argues that TV is a deadening experience as it is restricted to just two senses—sight and sou nd. Perception is dulled and flattened, says Mander, when you can't feel and smell and totally experience an event. People are just sitting passively for up to four hours a night watching a flickering screen and listening to artificial sound. “No culture in history has spent such an enormous amount of time looking at artificial light," says Mander,“and another worrying fact is that prolonged exposure to artificial light alters human cells which is why it is being used for certain medical treatment." Researchers do not know if life—long TV exposure is a physical risk or not, but as Mander would argue, why run the risk? It is important that people get up now and switch off before the harm is done—they might also become brain washed, or, who knows, even moribund (濒死的). 31. The book Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television written by Jerry Mander ______. A. received extensive public attention and sold very well B. was meant to arouse heated public debate C. enjoyed popularity among those who live without TV D. won nationwide support 32. Jerry Mander expressed strong objection to advertising on TV mainly because______. A. the amount of profits brought in by commercials on TV is very insignificant B. he sees the planting of values for profit as a disturbing act C. children are more susceptible to the influence of TV commercials D. people spend too much time on TV commercials to do something meaningful 33. Why does Jerry Mander see TV as a disturbing influence? A. It is because people's eyes scan a TV screen 10 times a second. B. It is because people's mind and behavior tend to be changed by TV. C. It is because the conscious mind registers all images it perceives. D. It is because it is ineffective in getting across its messages. 34. What does go home at the end of the second paragraph mean? A. is taken indiscriminately B . is gone unnoticed C. is taken for granted D. is perceived 35. Jerry Mander suggests that long periods of exposure to artificial light _____. A. may cause brain damage B. could lead to death C. could endanger people's health D. would alter the brain cells Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: Political institutions develop when the complexity of the society reaches the point at which kinship organization can no longer serve as an adequate mechanism for carrying out the political functions of the society. The following may be identified as political functions: (1) to protect the society from external threats; (2) to insure order in the society; (3) to resolve conflicts within the society, and (4) to allocate resources of the society. In simple, homogeneous societies there seems to be widespread agreement on the values that underlie solutions to these social requirements. But complexity implies a measure of diversity of interests and values. Consensus cannot be taken for granted, for solutions that benefit one set of interests may have detrimental effects on another. Questions arise to challenge the assumption that there is a common interest and that universally satisfying solutions to problems can be devised: Whose interests need protection from external threats? Whose norms provide the basis for order? Whose interests are served in conflict resolution? Who gets what in resource allocation? Order at which price? Because people at different positions in the social order tend to offer different answers to such questions, choices among alternatives are necessary. It is obvious, then, that control of the apparatus through which these decisions are made and implemented is of crucial import. The essence of political process is the struggle between individuals and groups with different interests to gain the decision making power. Power refers to the ability of an individual or group to have its will carried out even in the face of opposition to it. In terms of political functions it means being in a position to determine the answers to questions issuing from social complexity that concern whose interests and values are to be addressed. Conflict and functional theorists differ in their conceptions of political power. Functionalists assert that only through some concentration of power can collective goals be achieved. They view the state apparatus as a mechanism for accomplishing these positive goals. Conflict theorists, on the other hand, view the state as serving the ruling economic class and see its function as maintaining the dominance of this class. 36. What is the main topic of this passage? A. The conception of the political institutions. B. The difference between conflict and functional theorists. C. The different positions the people stand in the social order. D. The development of political institutions. 37. Which of the following may NOT be identified as political functions? A. To protect the society from internal threats B. To allocate resources of the society C. To insure order in the society D. To resolve conflicts within the society 38. The word “homogeneous” in the first line of paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to . A. democratic B. primitive C. similar D. withdrawn 39. In the last sentence of paragraph 3, what does “it” refer to? A. Political functions B. The essence of political process C. Power D. Different interests 40. What is the fundamental difference between conflict and functional theorists? A. Conceptions of political institution B. Conceptions of political power C. Functions of the ruling class D. Functions of the concentration of power Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 41. We have greatly _____ in our understanding of the human body and its various functions. A. ameliorated B. achieved C. improved D. advanced 42. _____ , her proposal was quite reasonable; but in practice, we just can't make it work. A. In part B. In certain extent C. In a way D. In a manner 43. At last his firm was _____ up by a multinational corporation. A. swallowed B. devoured C. swigged D. gulped 44. It is _____ by the economists that the unemployment rate will take a downward turn next year. A. foretold B. forecast C. predicted D. prophesied 45. The board deemed it urgent that these invitations _____ first thing tomorrow morning. A. had to be put in the mail B. must be put in the mail C. be put in the mail D. should have been put in the mail 46. Foreign disinvestment and the _____ of South Africa from world capital markets after 1985 further weakened its economy. A. exception B. exclusion C. displacement D. elimination 47. They tried very hard to persuade him to change his mind but met with a flat_____. A. decline B. rejection C. disapproval D. refusal 48. I just can't _____ how he managed to finish his report so soon. He said he was only halfway through it yesterday! A. figure out B. work out C. look out D. draw out 49. By the nineteenth century, embroidery on men's clothing had _____ disappeared except for the occasional decorative vest and tie. A. unfortunately B. virtually C. promptly D. universally 50. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always _____ with other elements, most commonly with oxygen. A. being combined B. having combined C. to combine D. combined 51. Physics is the present-day equivalent of _____ used to be called natural philosophy, _____ from most of present-day science arose. A. which. what B. that. which C. what. which D. what. that 52. The mayor was asked to give a rough _____ of the cost of the construction of the new bridge. A. assessment B. evaluation C. announcement D. estimate 53. On no account _____ ever leave the baby at home alone. A. should you B. you should C. shall you D. you shall 54. _____ is the center of our planetary system was considered as heresy by the church in the Middle A ges. A. It is the sun and not the earth B. That the sun and not the earth C. Being the sun and not the earth D. The sun and not the earth 55. _____ that incident, I'd rather not talk about it. A. As B. As with C. As about D. As for 56. He _____ a lot of previous cases in his criminal law presentation. A. quoted B. cited C. drew D. recalled 57. They have got no information _____ the plane is to take off. A. as to B. as to when C. the time D. as to know 58. She is planning to spend _____ in Europe this summer so that she can collect more information she needs for her thesis. A. sometime B. some time C. some times D. sometimes 59. The reason that his property was confiscated by the country, it _____, was that he was involved in a lot of fraudulent activities during the war. A. was turned out B. was being turned out C. being turned out D. turned out 60. You should know better than _____ the African jungles all by yourself. A. to explore B. exploring C. having explored D. to be exploring 61. I was talking with Professor Andrews on the phone the other day when suddenly we got _____. A. hung up B. cut down C. cut off D. cut back 62. I'd rather you _____ by train because the weather forecast said there would be heavy snow tomorrow. A. went B. should go C. will go D. go 63. I have said nothing like that. He intentionally _____ my ideas to achieve his personal ends. A. revised B. distracted C. contradicted D. distorted 64. Please put the dictionary back in place when you are _____ it. A. completed B. done with C. over with D. finished using 65. Don't disturb him. He's _____ his review for his English exam. A. at B. with C. beyond D. on 66. There is a _____ difference among the cabinet members' opinions. A. tremendous B. abundant C. fundamental D. awful 67. The medication the nurse gave me seems to have helped, but it's making me awfully_____. A. drowsy B. unaware C. dreamy D. unconscious 68. It is strictly that access to classified dossiers (秘密文件) is denied to all but a few top _____ rankin g officials. A. secured B. regulated C. resolved D. determined 69. Travelers are advised to use traveler's checks, which provide a secure _____ to carrying all the money in cash. A. substitute B. alternative C. selection D. displacement 70. Einstein won the Nobel Prize in 1921 and enjoyed great fame in Germany until the rise of Nazism _____ he was expelled from Germany because he was a Jew. A. when B. who C. then D. which Paper Two Part I Error Correction (15 minutes) Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (?) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you cross out a word, put a slash ( / ) in the blank. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. The ocean bottom—a region near 2.5 times greater 71. _____ than the total land area of the earth—is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hiding beneath waters 72. _____ averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light and subjected intense pressures hundreds of times 73. _____ greater than at the Earth's surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space. Although researchers have been taken samples of deep-ocean 74. _____ rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start before 1968, with the beginning 75. _____ of the National Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). Used techniques first developed for 76. _____ the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady positionon the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, extracted samples 77. _____ of sediments and rock from the ocean floor. The Glomar Challenger's core samples have allowed geologists reconstruct what the planet looked like 78. _____ hundreds of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely with the strength of evidence gathered during the 79. _____ Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree with the theories of plate construction and continental 80. _____ drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth. Part II Translation from English to Chinese (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, there are five items, which you should translate into Chinese, each item consists of one or two sentence. These sentences are all taken from the reading passages you have just read in the Second Part of the Test Paper. You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context. 81. (Lines 1 4, Para.4, Passage 1) Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a li ving for themselves. 82. (Lines 4 6, Para.4, Passage 2) Industries found a way to meet the new pollution laws without reducing the amount of pollution they released. 83. (Lines 3 5, Para.1, Passage 3) His manifesto Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television is an American bestseller, and after eight editions is still generating concern and savage debate in the United States. 84. (Lines 6 8, Para.2, Passage 3) And, even without commercials, he sees TV as disturbing because it crams people's heads with images which alter the way they feel and behave. 85. (Lines 2 4, Para.3, Passage 4) The essence of political process is the struggle between individuals and groups with different interests to gain the decision-making power. Part III Short Answer Questions (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words). Earthquakes may rightly be ranked as one of the most devastating forces known to man: since records began to be written down, it has been estimated that earthquake related fatalities have numbered in the millions, and that earthquake-related destruction had been beyond calculation. The greater part of such damage and loss of life has been due to collapse of buildings and the effects of rockslides, floods, fire, disease, tsunamis (gigantic sea waves(海啸)), and other phenomena resulting from earthquakes, rather than fr om the quakes themselves. The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas. One such area encompasses the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous land masses. The other extends from the East Indies to the Atlas Mountains, including the Himalayas, Iran, Turkey, and the Alpine regions. It is in these two great belts or zones that ninety percent of all earthquakes take place; they may, however, happen anywhere at any time. This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake prediction may be possible. By analyzing changes in animal behavior, patterns of movements in the earth's crust, variations in the force of gravity and the earth's magnetic field, and the frequency with which minor earth tremors are observed, scientists have shown increasing success in anticipating when and where earthquakes will strike. As a result, a worldwide earthquake warning network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for (and thus lessen) the vast destruction that might otherwise have been totally unexpected. It is doubtful that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and eliminate their destructiveness altogether, but as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their potential devastation before it occurs. Questions: 86. The two geographical areas in which ninety per cent of all earthquakes take place include the area that encompasses the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous land masses, and the area that__________________________________________________. 87. According to the author, ___________________________________________ has added to the dread and horror to people. 88.The author believes that the prediction of earthquakes_______________________________________________________ . 89. The earthquake prediction rest mainly upon the observation and analysis of _____________________________________________, variations in the force of gravity and the earth's magnetic field, and the freq uency with which minor earth tremors. 90. The author believes that human beings can lessen the devastation of earthquakes by _____________________________________________. Part IV Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition according based on the topic Newspapers. Your part of writing should be no less than 120 words. Tape scripts Section A Directions: (omitted) 1. W: Open wide. Now show me where it hurts. M: Here on the bottom, especially when I bite into something hot or cold. Q: What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers? 2. M: Could you please tell me where Mr. Anthony's office is? W: Mr. Anthony's office is on the sixth floor. But the elevator can only go to the fifth. So you'll have t o walk the stairs to reach there. It's the seventh room on the left. Q: On which floor is Mr. Anthony's office? 3. W: Although Jim never means to tell, he just can't keep a secret. M: Yes, Jim is not reliable. Q: What can we learn from their conversation? 4. W: Have you seen the schedule of our final exam? M: Yes. French will be next Monday, Shakespeare on Wednesday and American Literature still one day later. Q: When are they going to have their American Literature exam? 5. W: Are you going to Sam's birthday party tonight? M: I've my hands full with my term paper. Q: What does the man mean? 6. M: Mike hasn't said many words today. W: That's not like Mike. He is certainly in a bad mood. Q: What can we learn about Mike? 7. M: Although I drove very slowly in the morning fog, I still hit a tree. W: You can't be too careful. Q: What does the woman mean? 8. W: The clock is out of action again. Maybe I should take it to the repairman on my way to work. M: Why not buying a new clock? Q: What does the man mean? 9. M: Are you going to work as a secretary after you graduate? W: Where did you get an idea like that? Q: What can be concluded about the woman? 10. W: Professor Richardson certainly has a good reputation in Department of Philosophy. M: A well deserved one. The same students who fall asleep in discussions and seminars fight for front row seats in his lectures. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? Section B Directions: (omitted) Passage One Men sometimes say we are better and more lever than women. Women never invent things; we do. It is true that men have invented a lot of useful things: machines, rockets, and guns. But scientists and archaeologists now agree that women invented one very important thing. It has changed the history. They invented agriculture. Before the invention of agriculture, men were hunters. They went out every day. Someti mes they killed animals; sometimes the animals killed them. Life was difficult and then, one day, more than 10,000 years ago, a woman dropped some grass seeds. She dropped them near her home in the middle east. They grew. And the first weed was born. The idea grew too. Women planted roots and fruit trees. They could stay at home and look after the children and the animals. Then their husbands did not have to go hunting for meat. They stayed at home. They built villages and cities. Civilization began. Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. Which of the following was invented by women according to the talk? 12. It can be inferred from the talk that agriculture first began in which of the following regions? 13. According to the passage, when did agriculture first begin? Passage Two Hollywood hasade more films than any other film enter in the world. The warm climate and long hours of sunlight meant that filmmaking was easy and quite cheap. This was also a rich part of America, and there were many businessmen who wanted to make money from the motion picture industry. At first short cowboy films were popular because they add excitement and adventure to people's lives. Later, comedy films were made so that people could laugh and forget their troubles. Charlie Chaplin was probably the most liked of all comedy actors. To begin with, all films were silent, and actors showed the story by acting larger than life. Charlie Chaplin was the most famous of these silent film actors. In 1926 some short films were made in which the actors spoke for the first time. Within three years nobody wanted to watch silent films although some famous actors, including Charlie Chaplin, refused to make talking films for many years. At first all films were in black and white, but in 1932 the first color film was made. It was not until 1938 that a full-length color film was made, and the success of this film made producers everywhere change from black and white to color. This first full-length color film was translated into ten languages and made Hollywood the major center of the motion picture industry. Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. What were the first films made in Hollywood? 15. Why making films in Hollywood is easy and cheap? 16. When was the first talking films made? 17. Which of the following statements is NOT true? Passage Three A four-year study conducted by the Infant Testing Center in San Francisco, California, suggests that babies feel more comfortable around other babies than with strange adults. According to the study, babies benefit by being with their fellow infants daily. Whereas a baby might show fear of an adult stranger, he is likely to smile and reach out for an unfamiliar infant. By the time babies are one year old, they have begun to form friendship of a sort. The above findings, based on observation of a hundred babies aged three months to three years, might prove interesting to working parents who must find day care for their babies. Family care in a private home, with several babies together, is probably the ideal way to care for babies under three. Dr. Benjamin Spock, well known pediatrician and author of books about babies supports the idea. He says that family day care is sounder in theory than hiring a housekeeper or a babysitter. Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 18. What did the study by the Infant Testing Center suggest? 19. How old are the babies being tested? 20. According to the talk, how should working parents provide care for their babies? Section C (Compound Dictation)略 Paper One Part I Listening Comprehension Section A 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A Section B 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.A 17.D 18.D 19.B 20. C Section C (Compound Dictation)略 Part II Reading Comprehension 21. D。看起来似乎文章讨论的是失业将长时间成为一个严重的社会问题。但是文章真正讨论的是如何帮助 失业的人们谋求工作以外的解决失业带来问题的办法。 22. C。文章中提到十七、十八世纪的圈地运动使得大批农民失去了土地，成为雇佣劳动力。还有工业的发 展，和现代交通手段的发展。没有提到从家务劳动中的解脱。 23. A。文章开头说，民意测验表明，高失业率将在长时间内是主要的社会问题。也就是说大多数人认为高 失业率不会在短时间内得到根本的改善。 24. A。Daunting的意思是“使人畏缩的、使人害怕的”。 25. B。在文章的第二段中，作者用反问句的方式建议，我们不应该把受雇于人看成是一种 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 的生活方式，一种规范。而应该大胆地尝试其它的生活方式。 26. C。A是错误的。酸雨是目前人类面临的最严重的环境污染问题只是一些人的看法，不是科学家的共识。B一些濒危的物种的生存受到酸雨的威胁在文章中没有提到。酸雨是由大气层上层的二氧化硫、氧化氮和水混合生成的。 27. A。文章第二段说明，因为酸雨破坏了水中的氧气，湖里的鱼无法生存。 28. B。文章倒数第二段说明，虽然各州、各地区指定了禁止空气污染的法律，但是因为没有限定工业排放污染物的数量，依然没有起到预期的效果。 29. C。A是错的因为文章并没有提到加拿大的空气污染法律是什么样的。但是文章第三段的开头作者明确指出，近年来，酸雨的问题日益严重。 30. A。文章讨论的主题是酸雨的形成及其危害。 31. A。文章第一段说明，这本书自从几年前出版以来已经出了八版。并且还在引起广泛的关注和激烈的争论。 32. B。A选项是错误的，因为文章第二段表明，杰里反对电视中的广告并不是因为电视广告带来的利润太少。而是他认为对于以利益为导向的价值观的灌输是少数人对于公众的不负责任的行为。 33. B。文章第二段中作者说明杰里反对看电视是因为电视使人们的脑子里充斥着大量的画面和形象，而这些都会改变他们原有的感知方式和行为习惯。 34. A。Go home在这里的意思是“被接受、被吸收”。 35. C。文章最后一段指出，既然在医学上已经应用人工的光线来改变人体细胞的结构，那么长时间暴露在电视人工的光线中也有可能威胁人们的健康。 36. A。本文的主要 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 是“政治 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 ”的概念，不是它的发展过程。注意institution在这里并不是“学校”的意思。 37. A。这道题的答案只要仔细看了原文第一段的列举就可以作对。 38. C。homogeneous的意思是“同类的”，“类似的”，“均一的”。 39. C。第三段的最后一句中的it指代的是上一句中的power，不是本句开头的Political functions。 40. B。文章最后一段的第一句说明，冲突主义和功能主义最基本的区别是conceptions of political power，对于政治权力的概念。 Part III Vocabulary and Structure 41. D。advance:进步，取得进展。ameliorate:改善。 42. C。in a way:在某种程度上。 43. A。swallow:吞下，吞并，全盘接受。比如: She was such a pushover that she swallowed every story he told her. 她是如此轻信以致于她相信所有他讲的故事。 44. C。predict:预言，可以指没有什么把握的猜测，也可以指对事物的后果所作的一种精确的统计性估计。forecast专指天气情况的预测。prophesy尤指宗教迷信方面的“预言”。 45. C。It is urgent that.后面的从句必须用虚拟语气，即(should，)动词的原形。 46. B。exclusion:把……排除在外。elimination:消灭。displacement:转移，取代，置换。 47. D。refusal是最常用的“拒绝”。rejection通常指官方的“驳回，拒绝” disapproval表示“不同意，不批准。” decline表示“有礼貌地拒绝，谢绝”。 48. A。figure out:想出，琢磨出。work out:做出，完成。look out (for):小心，当心……draw out:(时间)延长。 49. B。virtually:几乎。相当于almost。promptly:立刻，马上。 50. A。owing to的功能相当于一个复合介词，即because of，后面必须加名词性的词组。同时its也提供了线索。 51. C。第一个空是what引导的介词of的宾语，作equivalent的修饰成份，同时又是后面的从句的主语。相当于that which。第二个空应该填which，它在本句中引导一个非限定性定语从句。which在这里指代的是natural philosophy。 52. D。assessment、evaluation:(综合的)评估， 评价 LEC评价法下载LEC评价法下载评价量规免费下载学院评价表文档下载学院评价表文档下载 。estimate:估计，估价。 53. A。On no account 放在句首的时候后面必须用倒装语序。这个句子是部分倒装。所以只是谓语中的一部分(情态动词should)放在主语前面，其它部分仍然放在主语后面。另外，当下列词组出现在句首的时候也要用倒装语序:Only, Under no circumstances, Nor, Nowhere等。比如:Under no circumstances must yo u leave your post. 你在任何情况下都不能离开岗位。Only in this way is it possible to finish the assignm ent on time.只有用这种 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 才能按时完成作业(任务)。 54. B。这句话中的主语是一个由连词that引导的主语从句。这一类的主语从句大多数放在句子后部，而由 代词it作形式上的主语，比如:It doesn't seem likely that she will show up.她露面的可能性似乎不大。It occurred to him that he had forgotten to switch off the lights.他突然想起他忘了关灯了。但是当不用it而直接把从句放在句首作主语时是为了给主语更多的强调或者是使句子显得前后平衡。 55. D。as for: 至于，关于。有时含有不关心，轻视之意。 56. B。cite:引用、援引、引证。 比如: The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. 为了达到目的魔鬼也会援引《圣经》。 57. B。在本句中，复合介词as to和一个when引导的名词性从句构成定语，修饰名词information。这个介词有时也可以省略掉。 58. B。some time:一些时间。sometimes:副词，有时候。sometime:在某个时候，有朝一日。 59. D。turn out表示“结果是，证明是”。It turned out that. 是个常用句型。 有时也可用turn out to be + adj./n. 60. A。know better than to do something: 因为明事理而不至于做出(没有理智的事情)。know better than后面加动词不定式。 61. C。cut off:切掉、截断、割掉、切断(电话线路)。cut down:砍倒，削减，缩短，删节。cut back:修剪(树枝等)，削减，缩减。 62. A。在would rather (sooner) 或者had rather后面，动词用相当于陈述语气过去时态或者是过去将来时态的形式。 63. D。distort:使歪曲，使扭曲。revise:改编，改写。distract:分散……的注意力。contradict:反对。反驳。 64. D。to be done with something表示“用完，不再需要”。意思和用法相当于to be finished with somethi ng。 65. A。to be at something的意思是“正在忙于做某事”。 66. C。内阁成员的意见存在根本上的分歧。fundamental:根本的。实质上的。 67. A。drowsy:困倦的。相当于sleepy。有时drowsy也有“令人困倦的”意思。 68. B。regulate:规定。determine:决定。 69. B。substitute:代替品。alternative:可供选择的另一种方式。selection:选集。选择。displacement:转 移，取代，撤换，免职。 70. A。关系副词when引导的定语从句修饰名词词组the rise of Nazism。 Paper Two Part I Error Correction 71. near?nearly:修饰形容词的比较级需用副词nearly。 72. hiding?hidden:过去分词作状语。 73. subjected?intense?to:to be subjected to:受到，遭遇。比如:All the applications will be subjected to careful scrutiny.所有的申请材料将受到仔细的审查。 74. been(删掉)或者是taken?taking:这里有两种改法。或者改成现在完成时，表示以前完成的对现在有影响的动作，或者是现在完成进行时，表示从过去某一点时间一直在进行的动作。 75. before?until:注意前文中的否定词not。“……直到1968年首次世界性的对洋底的仔细的探索才真正开始。”not…until. 直到……才…… 76. Used?Using:分词短语作伴随状态。分词动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。 77. extracted?extracting:分词短语作伴随状态。分词动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。 78. geologists?reconstruct?to:allow someone to do something这里的宾语补足语，不定式中的to不能省略。 79. with?on:on the strength of:依靠，根据。 80. with?on: agree with:同意某人的看法，适合某人的胃口。agree on:就……达成一致意见。公认。 Part II Translation from English to Chinese 81. 当十七十八世纪的圈地运动使得大批人失去了土地的使用权，并因此失去了赖于谋生的来源，而只好依赖于付薪的工作时，雇佣的劳动形式就被广泛采用了。 82. 工业想出办法在不减少污染排放量的前提下满足新出台的污染法律的规定。 83. 他的《关于禁看电视的四个理由》是一部美国畅销书，在发行了八版之后仍然在美国引起关注和激烈的辩论。 84. 并且，即使在没有广告的前提下，他同样认为电视是令人不快的，因为它在人们的头脑中填满了图象，而这些图象则改变了人们的感知和行为方式。 85. 政治的本质就在于具有不同利益的个人和群体之间为了得到做出决定的权力而进行的斗争。 Part III Short Answer Questions 86. extends from the East Indies to the Atlas Mountains 87. the unpredictability of earthquakes 88. is becoming more and more possible 89. animal behavior, movements in the earth's crust 90. a better understanding of the nature of earthquakes and an worldwide earthquake warning network Part IV Writing (for reference only) Newspapers: Past and Present As people living in the twentieth century, we are heavily dependent on the continuous communication between people who are widely separated with each other. Newspapers play a vital role in the diffusion of the latest events and the education of the public. Newspapers are important to us because we can learn a great deal about the world from them. All of us are aware of situations and events that happen thousands of miles away. In the twentieth century, the widespread use of newspaper has greatly intensified the global diffusion of information. For over half a century, newspapers were the chief basis upon which information was conveyed quickly and comprehensively to a mass public. Another advantage of newspapers is that a large number of them are published on a daily basis. This makes them the earliest reporter of the latest events on printed matters. Although the influence of newspapers waned with the rise of radio and television, many people still enjoy reading newspapers at breakfast and on their way to work. I believe that newspapers are, and will remain, an important part of our lives for many years to come.