英语2unit 7

Woman at the management level 1 When Monica applied for a job as an administrative assistant in 1971, she was asked whether she would rather work for a male or a female attorney. "I immediately said a man," she says. "I felt that a male-boss/female-employee relationship was more natural, needing no personal accommodation whatsoever." But 20 years later, when she was asked the same question, she said, "I was pleasantly surprised that female bosses are much more accessible to their employees; they're much more sensitive and intimate with their employees." 1 当莫妮卡1971年申请一个行政助理的工作时,有人问她想与男律师共事还是与女律师共事。“我马上说 问她同样的问题时,她说:“令我感到惊喜的是,对员工来说,女上司更容易接近,她们更能理解人,与员工更亲密。” 2 Female bosses today are still finding they face subtle resistance.There is still a segment of the population, both men and, surprisingly, women who report low tolerance for female bosses. The growing presence of female bosses has also provoked two major questions that revolve around styles: Do men and women manage differently, and, if so, is that a good thing? 女人管理风格不同吗?如果有不同,是一件好事吗? 3 Monica is disposed to think so, on both counts. Now a 40-year-old mother of four, she is president of a public sector labor union with 45,000 members. "Relations with my employees are probably different from those of male managers preceding me," she says. "I know what it's like to have to call and say my kid got the mumps so I won't be coming in. I have a more flexible style — not soft, just more understanding." The man who is Monica's assistant agrees, "She tends to delegate more and is always looking for a consensus. People are happy and flourish because they have an input into decisions and they are not mere bystanders; their energies are harnessed. On the other hand, consensus takes longer." 的公共部门工会的主席。“我与员工的关系可能跟在我之前的前任男性主管不同,”她说。“我知道当有人不得不打电话来说孩子得了腮腺炎而不能来上班是一种什么样的状况。我的风格更灵活,这不是软弱,只是 4 So, are the differences symbolic or real? Plausible studies suggest that men are typically hierarchical, goal-oriented and feel entitled.Women, by contrast, manage diplomatically, and share power. That point of view is often challenged and argued. Some proclaim that men and women of similar backgrounds, experience and aspirations basically manage in the same way. This view is echoed by younger women, especially those who have encountered little genderdiscrimination. That was certainly the lesson for Nicole. When her father died of a heart attack, she was an employee at a petroleum productsexport company. She quit and took over her family's 160-acre fruit farm in St.David's County. On her first day in the field, a worker called her "darling". "He was trying to test me. I was shaking with anger," says Nicole, now 34. "I stood erect and said, …You wouldn't have called my father darling and you're not going to take that liberty with me. If you do, I'll fire you.'" 宣称,有类似的背景、经验和抱负的男女,基本上管理方式相同。那些年轻女性,特别是很少遭受性别歧视的女性,也是这样认为的。妮可尔无疑从中得到了教训。当她的父亲因心脏病去世时,她是一家石油产品出口公司的雇员。她辞了职,接管了她家在圣大卫县160英亩的果园。她第一天出现在果园时,一名工人称她为“亲爱的”。“他是想试探我。我气得发抖,”现年34岁的妮可尔说。“我挺直腰板站在那里跟他说:…你不会称我父亲亲爱的,所以你也没有权利这样称呼我。如果你再这样做,我会解雇你。?” 5 When women work for women, a different dynamic often takes over.Susan, a cashier in a Toronto auction house, says that she has explored friendships with some of her female bosses and feels she can rely on them more. While women may feel more at ease with a female boss, men often have to make concessions to the new working styles.Brian, a marine biologist, says, "It took me a couple of years before I felt comfortable enough to relax around a female manager. In fact, my relations with her were much more businesslike." 与女经理共事时感到轻松自如。事实上,之前我与她的关系更多只是一种务实的工作关系。” 6 To some extent, the male-female differences come down to conflicting styles. One female vice-president discussed the time she burst into tears during a meeting. "Men think that tears are a nuclearweapon in a conventional war. They take exception to a woman crying,inferring that she's feeling unhappy or violated." The men failed to understand that what prompted her tears was not hurt but genuine rage."When we cry, it's because we have all this valid rage that has no appropriate release," she says. "Women cry; men get relief by going on with the offense or by veiling their feelings to appear composed." 住落泪的经历时说:“男人认为女人的眼泪就是常规战争中的核武器。他们对女人的哭泣很不满,认为她们 7 Deborah, president of a firm with its headquarters in Toronto, says that even if men do understand, they sometimes react differently to theidentical information and to her cooperative management style. 7 德博拉是一家总部在多伦多的公司的总裁,她 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示,即使男人明白是怎么回事,有时他们对同样的信息、 对她的合作型管理风格也会有不同的反应。 8 Deborah says that her authority is sometimes undermined by perceptions about her gender. "It stems from the whole social context of traditional roles for men and women," she says. "Mom would tell you to do things, but perhaps you wouldn't take as much notice as when Dad told you to do things. Men also have a stronger urge to control," she says. 她说。“妈妈会让你做事情,但也许你不会像爸爸让你做事情那样在意。男人也有更强的控制欲。”她说。 9 For female bosses, the great expectation of some female employees is one more obstacle. Junior women assume a female boss will promote them more quickly than a man would. But, they also expect female bosses to be more self-sufficient. "They ask, …Why can't youscan your own stuff?' or …Why can't you do your own filing?'" says one senior female executive. 能自己扫描文件??或…为什么你不能自己整理文件??” 10 On the other hand, there is no dispute that a few decades ago they would rarely have had a female boss in the workplace. Nina, a management consultant says she's vaguely optimistic. "I'm looking forward to the day, before I die, when we recognize that the best management styles will be composed of the best that both genders bring to the table ..." Well, she pauses, maybe not before she dies, perhaps in her daughter's lifetime. 10 另一方面,几十年前人们工作的地方几乎不可能有女上司,这一点毫无争议。管理顾问尼娜说自己审 慎乐观。“我期待某一天,在我临死之前,我们会意识到最好的管理风格是由男女双方带来的最佳组 合……”嗯,她停顿了一下,可能不是在她去世之前,也许在她女儿的有生之年会实现吧。