医学专业词汇前缀 后缀 词根

WORD PART MEANING a- not, without, lack of, absence ab- away from abdomin/o abdomen -ac pertaining to acous, acus sound, hearing acro- extremity, end ad- toward, near aden/o gland adip/o fat adren/o adrenal gland, epinephrine adrenal/o adrenal gland adrenocortic/o adrenal cortex aer/o air, gas -algesia pain -al pertaining to alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o pain -algia pain ambly- dim amnio amnion amyl/o starch an- not, without, lack of andr/o male angi/o vessel an/o anus ante- before anti- against , aort/o aorta -ar pertaining to arter/o, arteri/o artery arteriol/o arteriole arthr/o joint -ary pertaining to -ase enzyme atel/o incomplete atri/o atrium audi/o hearing auto- self azot/o nitrogen compounds bacill/i, bacill/o bacillus bacteri/o bacterium bar/o pressure bi- two, twice bili bile blast/o, -blast immature cell, productive cell, embryonic cell blephar/o eyelid brachi/o arm brady- slow bucc/o cheek bronch/i, bronch/o bronchus bronchiol bronchiole burs/o bursa calc/i calcium cali, calic calyx cardi/o heart -capnia carbon dioxide (level of) carcin/o cancer, carcinoma cec/o cecum -cele hernia, localized dilation celi/o abdomen centesis puncture, tap cephal/o head cerebell/o cerebellum cerebr/o cerebrum cervic/o neck, cervix , chem/o chemical cholangi/o bile duct chol/e, chol/o bile, gall cholecyst/o gallbladder choledoch/o common bile duct chondr/o cartilage chori/o, choroid/o choroid chrom/o, chromat/o color, stain chron/o time circum- around clasis, -clasia breaking clitor/o, clitorid/o clitoris coccy, coccyg/o coccyx cochle/o cochlea (of inner ear) col/o, colon/o colon colp/o vagina contra- against, opposite corne/o cornea cortic/o outer portion, cerebral cortex cost/o rib counter opposite, against crani/o skull, cranium cry/o cold crypt/o hidden cus sound, hearing cyan/o- blue cycl/o ciliary body, ciliary muscle (of eye) cyst/o, cyst/i filled sac or pouch, cyst, bladder, urinary bladder , -cyte, cyt/o cell dacry/o tear, lacrimal apparatus dacryocyst/o lacrimal sac dactyl/o finger, toe de- down, without, removal, loss dent/o, dent/i tooth, teeth derm/o, dermat/o skin -desis binding, fusion dextr/o- right di- two, twice dia- through dilation, dilatation expansion, widening dipl/o- double dis- absence, removal, separation duoden/o duodenum dys- abnormal, painful, difficult ec- out, outside ectasia, ectasis dilation, dilatation ecto- out, outside -ectomy excision, surgical removal edema accumulation of fluid, swelling electr/o electricity embryo/o embryo emesis vomiting -emia condition of blood encephal/o brain end/o- in, within endocrin/o endocrine enter/o intestine epi- on, over epididym/o epididymis episi/o vulva equi- equal, same erg/o work erythr/o- red, red blood cell , erythrocyt/o red blood cell esophag/o esophagus -esthesia, -esthesi/o sensation , eu- true, good, easy, normal ex/o away from, outside extra- outside fasci/o fascia ferr/i, ferr/o iron fet/o fetus fibr/o fiber -form like, resembling galact/o milk gangli/o, ganglion/o ganglion gastr/o stomach gen, genesis origin, formation ger/e, ger/o old age -geusia sense of taste gingiv/o gum gli/o neuroglia glomerul/o glomerulus gloss/o tongue gluc/o glucose glyc/o sugar, glucose gnath/o jaw -gram record of data -graph instrument for recording data -graphy act of recording data gravida pregnant woman gyn/o, gynec/o woman hem/o, hemat/o blood hemi- half, one side -hemia condition of blood hepat/o liver hetero- other, different, unequal hidr/o sweat, perspiration hist/o, histi/o tissue homo-, homeo- same, unchanging hydr/o water, fluid hyper- over, excess, increased, abnormally high hypn/o sleep hypo- under, below, decreased, abnormally low hypophys pituitary, hypophysis hyster/o uterus -ia condition of -ian specialist -ia/sis condition of -iatrics medical specialty iatr/o physician -iatry medical specialty -ic pertaining to -ical pertaining to -ics medical specialty idr/o sweat, perspiration -ile pertaining to ile/o ileum ili/o ilium im- not immun/o immunity, immune system in- not infra- below in/o fiber, muscle fiber insul/o pancreatic islets inter- between intra- in, within ir-, irit/o, irid/o iris -ism condition of iso- equal, same -ist specialist -itis inflammation jejun/o jejunum juxta- near, beside kali potassium kary/o nucleus kerat/o cornea, keratin, horny layer of skin , kine, kinesi/o, kinet/o movement labi/o lip labyrinth/o labyrinth (inner ear) lacrim/o tear, lacrimal apparatus lact/o milk -lalia speech, babble lapar/o abdominal wall laryng/o larynx lent/i lens -lepsy seizure leuk/o- white, colorless, white blood cell , leukocyt/o white blood cell -lexia reading lingu/o tongue lip/o fat, lipid lith calculus, stone -logy study of lumb/o lumbar region, lower back lymphaden/o lymph node lymphangi/o lymphatic vessel lymph/o lymph, lymphatic system, lymphocyte , lymphocyt/o lymphocyte lysis separation, loosening, dissolving, destruction -lytic dissolving, reducing, loosening macro- large, abnormally large mal- bad, poor malacia softening mamm/o breast, mammary gland mania excited state, obsession mast/o breast, mammary gland medull/o inner part, medulla oblongata, spinal cord mega-, megalo- large, abnormally large -megaly enlargement melan/o- black, dark, melanin , mening/o, meninge/o meninges men/o, mens month, menstruation mes/o middle -meter instrument for measuring metr/o measure metr/o, metr/i uterus -metry measurement of micro- small, one millionth -mimetic mimicking, simulating mon/o one morph/o form, structure muc/o mucus, mucous membrane multi- many muscul/o muscle myc/o fungus, mold myel/o bone marrow, spinal cord , , my/o muscle myring/o tympanic membrane myx/o mucus narc/o stupor, unconsciousness , nas/o nose nat/i birth natri sodium necrosis death of tissue neo- new nephr/o kidney neur/o, neur/i nervous system, nerve noct/i night non- not normo- normal nucle/o nucleus nyct/o night, darkness ocul/o eye odont/o tooth, teeth -odynia pain -oid like, resembling olig/o- few, scanty, deficiency of -oma tumor onc/o tumor onych/o nail oo ovum oophor/o ovary ophthalm/o eye -opia eye, vision -opsia vision opt/o eye, vision orchid/o, orchi/o testis or/o mouth ortho- straight, correct, upright -ory pertaining to osche/o scrotum -ose sugar -o/sis condition of -osmia sense of smell oste/o bone ot/o ear -ous pertaining to ovari/o ovary ov/o ovum -oxia oxygen (level of) ox/y oxygen, sharp, acute , pachy- thick palat/o palate palpebr/o eyelid pan- all pancreat/o pancreas papill/o nipple para- near, beside para woman who has given birth parathyr/o, parathyroid/o parathyroid paresis partial paralysis path/o, -pathy disease, any disease of , ped/o foot, child , pelvi/o pelvis -penia decrease in, deficiency of per- through peri- around perine/o perineum periton, peritone/o peritoneum -pexy surgical fixation phac/o, phak/o lens phag/o eat, ingest pharmac/o drug pharyng/o pharynx -phasia speech phil, -philic attracting, absorbing phleb/o vein phobia fear phon/o sound, voice -phonia voice phot/o light phren/o diaphragm phrenic/o phrenic nerve pituitar pituitary hypophysis plas, -plasia formation, molding, development -plasty plastic repair, plastic surgery, reconstruction -plegia paralysis pleur/o pleura -pnea breathing pneum/o, pneumat/o air, gas, lung respiration pneumon/o lung pod/o foot -poiesis formation, production poikilo- varied, irregular poly- many, much post- after, behind pre- before, in front of presby- old , prim/i- first pro- before, in front of proct/o rectum prostat/o prostate prote/o protein pseudo- false psych/o mind ptosis dropping, downward displacement, prolapse ptysis spitting pulm/o, pulmon/o lung pupill/o pupil pyel/o renal pelvis pylor/o pylorus py/o pus pyr/o, pyret/o fever, fire , quadr/i- four rachi/o spine radicul/o root of spinal nerve radi/o radiation, x-ray re- again, back rect/o rectum ren/o kidney reticul/o network retin/o retina retro- behind, backward -rhage, -rhagia bursting forth, profuse flow, hemorrhage -rhaphy surgical repair, suture -rhea flow, discharge -rhexis rupture rhin/o nose sacchar/o sugar sacr/o sacrum salping/o tube, oviduct, eustachian (auditory) tube , -schisis fissure, splitting scler/o hard, sclera (of eye) , sclerosis hardening , -scope instrument for viewing or examining -scopy examination of seb/o sebum, sebaceous gland semi- half, partial semin semen sial/o saliva, salivary gland, salivary duct sider/o iron sigmoid/o sigmoid colon sinistr/o left -sis condition of somat/o body -some body somn/i, somn/o sleep son/o sound, ultrasound spasm sudden contraction, cramp sperm/i semen spermat/o spermatozoa spir/o breathing splen/o spleen spondyl/o vertebra staped/o, stapedi/o stapes staphyl/o grapelike cluster, staphylococcus stasis suppression, stoppage steat/o fatty stenosis narrowing, constriction steth/o chest stoma, stomat/o mouth -stomy surgical creation of an opening strept/o- twisted chain, streptococcus sub- below, under super- above, excess supra- above syn-, sym- together synov/i synovial joint, synovial membrane tachy- rapid tel/e-, tel/o- end ten/o, tendin/o tendon terat/o malformed fetus test/o testis tetra- four thalam/o thalamus therm/o heat, temperature thorac/o chest, thorax thromb/o blood clot thrombocyt/o platelet, thrombocyte thym/o thymus gland thyr/o, thyroid/o thyroid toc/o labor -tome instrument for incising (cutting) -tomy incision, cutting ton/o tone tonsill/o tonsil tox/o, toxic/o poison, toxin , trache/o trachea trans- through tri- three trich/o hair -tripsy crushing trop,- tropic act(ing) on, affect(ing) troph/o, -trophy, -trophia feeding, growth, nourishment tympan/o tympanic cavity (middle ear), tympanic membrane un- not uni- one ureter/o ureter urethr/o urethra -uria urine, urination ur/o urine, urinary tract urin/o urine uter/o uterus uve/o uvea (of eye) vagin/o sheath, vagina valv/o, valvul/o valve varic/o twisted and swollen vein vascul/o vessel vas/o vessel, duct, vas deferens , , ven/o, ven/i vein ventricul/o cavity, ventricle , vertebr/o vertebra, spinal column vesic/o urinary bladder vesicul/o seminal vesicle vestibul/o vestibule, vestibular apparatus (of ear) vir/o virus vulv/o vulva xanth/o- yellow xero- dry -y condition of abdomen abdomin/o, celi/o abdominal wall lapar/o abnormal dys- abnormally high hyper- abnormally large macro-, mega-, megalo- , abnormally low hypo- above super-, supra- , absence a-, an-, dis- absorb(ing) phil, -philic accumulation of fluid edema act of recording data -graphy act(ing) on trop, -tropic , acute ox/y adrenal gland adren/o, adrenal/o adrenaline adren/o adrenal adren/o adrenal cortex adrenocortic/o affect(ing) trop, -tropic after post- again re- against anti-, contra- , , air aer/o, pneumat/o , all pan- amnion amnio anus an/o any disease of -pathy aorta aort/o arm brachi/o around circum-, peri- arteriole arteriol/o artery arter/o, arteri/o atrium atri/o attract(ing) phil, -philic away from ab-, ex/o- , babble -lalia bacillus bacill/i, bacill/o back re- backward retro- bacterium bacteri/o bad mal- before ante-, pre-, pro- behind post-, retro- , below hypo-, infra-, sub- , beside para-, juxta- between inter- bile bili, chol/e, chol/o bile duct cholangi/o binding -desis birth nat/i black melan/o- , bladder cyst/o, cyst/i , bladder (urinary) cyst/o, vesic/o blood hem/o, hemat/o blood (condition of) -emia, -hemia blood clot thromb/o blue cyan/o- body somat/o, -some bone oste/o bone marrow myel/o , , brain encephal/o breaking clasis, clasia breast mamm/o, mast/o breathing -pnea, spir/o , bronchiole bronchiol bronchus bronch/i, bronch/o bursa burs/o bursting forth -rhage, -rhagia calcium calc/i calculus lith calyx cali, calic cancer carcin/o carbon dioxide -capnia carcinoma carcin/o cartilage chondr/o cavity ventricul/o , cecum cec/o cell -cyte, cyt/o cerebellum cerebell/o cerebral cortex cortic/o cerebrum cerebr/o cervix cervic/o chain (twisted) strept/o cheek bucc/o chemical chem/o chest thorac/o, steth/o child ped/o choroid chori/o, choroid/o ciliary body cycl/o ciliary muscle cycl/o clitoris clitor/o, clitorid/o clot thromb/o coccyx coccy, coccyg/o cochlea cochle/o cold cry/o colon col/o, colon/o color chrom/o, chromat/o colorless leuk/o- common bile duct choledoch/o condition of -ia, -ia/sis, -ism, -o/sis, -sis, -y condition of blood -emia, -hemia constriction stenosis contraction (sudden) spasm cornea corne/o, kerat/o correct ortho- cramp spasm cranium crani/o crushing -tripsy cutting -tomy cutting instrument -tome cyst cyst/o, cyst/i dark melan/o- , darkness nyct/o data -gram death of tissue necrosis decreased, decrease in hypo-, -penia , deficiency of oligo-, -penia destruction lysis development plas, -plasia diaphragm phren/o different hetero- difficult dys- dilatation, dilation ectasia, ectasis dim ambly- discharge -rhea disease path/o, -pathy dissolving lysis, -lytic double dipl/o- down de- dropping, downward displacement ptosis drug pharmac/o dry xero- duct vas/o duodenum duoden/o ear ot/o easy eu- eat phag/o egg oo, ov/o electricity electr/o embryo embry/o embryonic cell -blast, blast/o end tel/e, tel/o, acro , endocrine endocrin/o enlargement -megaly enzyme -ase epididymis epididym/o epinephrine adren/o equal iso-, equi- esophagus esophag/o eustachian (auditory) tube salping/o examination of -scopy excess hyper-, super- excision -ectomy excited state mania expansion dilation, dilatation, ectasia, ectasis extremity acro eye ocul/o, ophthalm/o, opt/o, -opia , eyelid blephar/o, palpebr/o false pseudo- fascia fasci/o fat adip/o, lip/o fatty steat/o fear phobia feeding troph/o, -trophy, -trophia fetus fet/o fetus (malformed) terat/o fever pyr/o, pyret/o , few oligo- fiber fibr/o, in/o , filled sac or pouch cyst/o, cyst/i finger dactyl/o fire pyr/o, pyret/o first prim/i- fissure -schisis fixation (surgical) -pexy flow -rhea fluid hydr/o foot ped/o, pod/o form morph/o formation gen, genesis, plas, -plasia, -poiesis , four quadr/i, tetra- fungus myc/o fusion -desis gall chol/e, chol/o gallbladder cholecyst/o ganglion gangli/o, ganglion/o gas aer/o, pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneumat/o , gland aden/o glomerulus glomerul/o glucose gluc/o, glyc/o good eu- grapelike cluster staphyl/o growth troph/o, -trophy, -trophia gum gingiv/o hair trich/o half hemi-, semi- hard scler/o hardening sclerosis , head cephal/o hearing acous, acus, audi/o, cus heart cardi/o heat therm/o hemorrhage -rhage, -rhagia hernia -cele hidden crypt/o horny layer of skin kerat/o hypophysis hypophys, pituitar islets (pancreatic) insul/o ileum ile/o ilium ili/o immature cell blast/o, -blast immune system immun/o immunity immun/o in end/o-, intra- , in front of pre-, pro- incision of -tomy incomplete atel/o- increased hyper- inflammation -itis ingest phag/o instrument for incising (cutting) -tome instrument for measuring -meter instrument for recording data -graph instrument for viewing or examining -scope intestine enter/o iris ir, irid/o, irit/o iron ferr/i, ferr/o, sider/o irregular poikilo- jaw gnath/o jejunum jejun/o joint arthr/o keratin kerat/o kidney nephr/o, ren/o labor toc/o labyrinth labyrinth/o lack of a-, an- lacrimal apparatus dacry/o, lacrim/o lacrimal sac dacryocyst/o large macro-, mega-, megalo- , larynx laryng/o left sinistr/o- lens lent/i, phac/o, phak/o leukocyte leuk/o, leukocyt/o level of carbon dioxide -capnia level of oxygen -oxia light phot/o like -form, -oid lip labi/o lipid lip/o liver hepat/o localized dilation -cele loosening lysis, -lytic , loss de- lumbar region, lower back lumb/o lung, lungs pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o, pulm/o, pulmon/o lymph, lymphatic system lymph/o lymph node lymphaden/o lymphatic vessel lymphangi/o lymphocyte lympho, lymphocyt/o male andr/o malformed fetus terat/o mammary gland mamm/o, mast/o many multi-, poly- marrow myel/o measure metr/o measuring instrument -meter measurement of -metry medical specialty -ics, -iatrics, iatry medulla oblongata medull/o melanin melan/o meninges mening/o, meninge/o menstruation men/o, mens middle meso- milk galact/o, lact/o mimicking -mimetic mind psych/o mold myc/o molding plas, -plasia month men/o, mens mouth or/o, stoma, stomat/o movement kine, kinesi/o, kinet/o much poly- mucus muc/o, myx/o mucous membrane muc/o muscle my/o, muscul/o muscle fiber in/o nail onych/o narrowing stenosis near ad-, juxta-, para- , neck cervic/o , nerve, nervous system, nervous tissue neur/o, neur/i network reticul/o neuroglia gli/o new neo- night noct/i, nyct/o nipple papill/o nitrogen compounds azot/o normal eu-, normo- , nose nas/o, rhin/o not a-, an-, in-, im-, non-, un- nourishment troph/o, -trophy, -trophia nucleus kary/o, nucle/o obsession mania old presby- , old age ger/e, ger/o one mon/o-, uni- one side hemi- opening (created surgically) -stomy opposite contra- , origin gen, genesis other hetero- out, outside ec-, ecto-, ex/o, extra- , outer portion cortic/o ovary ovari/o, oophor/o over hyper-, epi- , oviduct salping/o ovum oo, ov/o oxygen ox/y, -oxia , pain -algia, -odynia , pain -algesia, alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o , , , painful dys- palate palat/o pancreas pancreat/o pancreatic islets insul/o paralysis -plegia paralysis (partial) paresis parathyroid parathyr/o, parathyroid/o partial semi- partial paralysis paresis pelvis pelvi/o perineum perine/o peritoneum periton, peritone/o perspiration hidr/o, idr/o pertaining to -ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -ial, -ic, -ical, -ile, -ory, -ous pharynx pharyng/o phrenic nerve phrenic/o physician iatr/o pituitary pituitar, hypophys plastic repair, plastic surgery -plasty platelet thrombocyt/o pleura pleur/o poison tox/o, toxic /o , poor mal- potassium kali pouch (filled) cyst/o, cyst /i pregnant woman gravida pressure bar/o production –poiesis productive cell blast/o, -blast profuse flow -rhage, -rhagia prolapse ptosis prostate prostat/o protein prote/o puncture centesis pupil pupill/o pus py/o pylorus pylor/o radiation radi/o rapid tachy- reading -lexia reconstruction -plasty record of data -gram recording data (act of) -graphy rectum rect/o, proct/o red erythr/o- red blood cell erythr/o, erythrocyt/o reducing -lytic removal de-, dis- removal (surgical) -ectomy renal pelvis pyel/o repair (plastic) -plasty repair (surgical) -rhaphy respiration pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneumat/o resembling -form, -oid retina retin/o rib cost/o right dextr/o- root of spinal nerve radicul/o rupture -rhexis sac (filled) cyst/o, cyst/i sacrum sacr/o saliva, salivary gland, salivary duct sial/o same equi-, homo-, homeo-, iso- sclera (of eye) scler/o scanty oligo- scrotum osche/o sebum, sebaceous gland seb/o seizure -lepsy self auto- semen semin, sperm/i, spermat/o seminal vesicle vesicul/o sensation -esthesia, esthesi/o , sense of smell -osmia sense of taste -geusia separation dis-, -lysis , sharp ox/y sheath vagin/o sigmoid colon sigmoid/o simulating -mimetic skin derm/o, dermat/o skull crani/o sleep somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o , slow brady- small micro- smell (sense of) -osmia sodium natri softening malacia sound phon/o, son/o, acous, acus, cus , specialist -ian, -ist, -logist specialty -ics, -iatrics, -iatry speech -phasia, -lalia sperm, spermatozoa sperm/i, spermat/o spinal column vertebr/o spinal cord myel/o, medulla spine rachi/o spitting ptysis spleen splen/o splitting -schisis stain chrom/o, chromat/o stapes staped/o, stapedi/o staphylococcus staphyl/o starch amyl/o stomach gastr/o stone lith stoppage stasis straight ortho- streptococcus strept/o structure morph/o study of -logy stupor narc/o , sugar glyc/o, sacchar/o, -ose sudden contraction spasm suppression stasis surgery (plastic) -plasty surgical creation of an opening -stomy surgical fixation -pexy surgical removal -ectomy surgical repair -rhaphy suture -rhaphy sweat hidr/o, idr/o swelling edema synovial fluid, joint, membrane synov/i tap centesis taste (sense of) -geusia tear dacry/o, lacrim/o teeth dent/o, denti, odont/o temperature therm/o tendon ten/o, tendin/o testis test/o, orchid/o, orchi/o thalamus thalam/o thick pachy- thorax thorac/o three tri- thrombocyte thrombocyt/o through dia-, per-, trans- thymus gland thym/o thyroid thyr/o, thyroid/o time chron/o tissue hist/o, histi/o tissue death necrosis toe dactyl/o together syn-, sym- tone ton/o tongue gloss/o, lingu/o tonsil tonsill/o tooth -dent/o, dent/i, odont/o toward ad- toxin tox/o, toxic/o trachea trache/o true eu- tube salping/o , tumor onc/o, -oma , twice bi-, di- twisted chain strept/o twisted and swollen vein varic/o two bi-, di-, dipl/o- tympanic cavity tympan/o tympanic membrane myring/o, tympan/o ultrasound son/o unchanging homo-, homeo- unconsciousness narc/o under hypo-, sub- , unequal hetero- upright ortho- ureter ureter/o urethra urethr/o urinary bladder cyst/o, vesic/o urine, urinary tract, urination ur/o, -uria uterus hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i, uter/o uvea uve/o vagina colp/o, vagin/o valve valv/o, valvul/o varied poikilo- vas deferens vas/o vein ven/o, ven/i, phleb/o vein (twisted, swollen) varic/o ventricle ventricul/o , vertebra spondyl/o, vertebr/o vessel angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o , , vestibular apparatus, vestibule vestibul/o virus vir/o vision opt/o, -opia, -opsia , voice phon/o, -phonia , vomiting emesis vulva episi/o, vulv/o water hydr/o white leuk/o- white blood cell leuk/o, leukocyt/o widening ectasia, ectasis, dilation, dilatation within end/o-, intra- , without a-, an-, de- woman gyn/o, gynec/o woman who has given birth para work erg/o x-ray radi/o yellow xanth/o-