现代大学英语第六册课后句子解释　

现代大学英语第六册课后句子解释　 Lesson 1 How to get the poor off our conscience 1.Virtue is ... self-centered. By right action,we mean it must help promote personal interest. 2....(poverty) was a product of their excessive fecundity... The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children. 3....the rich were not responsible for either its creation or its amelioration. The rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they should not be asked to undertake the task of solving the problem. 4.It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God. It is only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest applied to nature of to human society. 5.It declined in popularity, and references to its acquired a condemnatory tone. People began to reject Social Darwinism because it seemed to glorify brutal force and oppose treasured values of sympathy,love and friendship.Therefore,when it was mentioned,it was usually the target of criticism. 6....the search for a way of getting the poor off our conscience was not at an end; it was only suspended. The desire to find a way to justify the unconcern for the poor had not been abandoned,it had only been put off. 7....only rarely given to overpaying for monkey wrenches, flashlights, coffee makers, and toilet seats. Government officials,on the whole ,are good,it is very rare that some would pay high prices for office equipment to get kickbacks. 8.This is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction. It is a very popular story and has been accepted by many but it is not true. 9.Belief can be the servant of truth---but even more of convenience. Belief can be useful in the search for truth,but more often than not it is accepted because it is convenient and self-serving. 10.George Gilder... Who tells to much applause that the poor must have the cruel spur of their own suffering to ensure effort... George Gilder advances the view that only when the poor suffer from great misery will they be stimulated to make great efforts to change the situation,in other words,suffering is necessary to force the poor to work hard. Lesson 5 The One Against the Many 1....the national rejection of dogmatic preconceptions about the nature of the social and economic order there are such prejudices in an arrogant manner about the characteristic of the social order and economic order and they take it for granted.The country just rejected such prejudice. 2 Nor can one suggest that Americans have been consistently vulnerability to secular ideology ever after No one can say that Americans have never been tempted by the approach of understanding ,preserving or transforming the world according to rigid dogmas. 3….and any intellect so shaped was ...ever after A mind influenced by Calvinist theology would surely find it somewhat difficult to resist other ideological temptations to ideological thinking. 4.Pragmatism is no more wholly devoid...experience Pragmatism is not completely free from abstract ideas just as ideology is not completely free from experience,that is to say,abstract ideas have a place in pragmatism just as experience has a role in ideology. 5.As an ideologist,however,Jefferson....historical curiosity As a man following a fixed set of beliefs,Jefferson is only an interesting historical figure.His beliefs are out of date and are irrelevant to present-day reality. 6.....whose central dogma is confided to the custody of an infallible priesthood Their central beliefs are imprisoned by the whole body of priests who are always effective. 7....where free men may find partial truths,but where ...on Absolute Truth In this universe a person whose mind is unconstrained may be able to discover relation truths but no man on earth can claim that he has already grasped the one and only truth. 8.But ideology is a drug; no matter how ...it still persists. Ideology has the characteristic of a narcotic.In spite of the fact that it has been proved wrong many times by experience, people still long to commit themselves to ideology. 9.....the only certainty in an .....abuse The only thing that is sure of a despotic system is the unrestricted exercise of power. 10. The distinctive human triumph...lies in the capacity to understand the frailty of human striving ...nonetheless The most outstanding achievement of humanity is they know that no matter how hard they try,they cannot achieve Absolute truth,yet they continue to make great efforts and refuse to give up Lesson6 Death of a pig 1.It is a tragedy enacted on most farms with ...The murder,being premeditated,is in the first degree..and the smoked bacon and ham provide...questioned the tragedy has an ending---the killing of a pig and the serving of its meat.The killing deliberately planned and carried out efficiently,is the most type of murder.However,whether pigs should end their lives that way has never been questioned. 2.A pig couldn't ask for anything better or none has, at any rate A pig could not ask for any better living conditions;at least no pig has ever complained.In a word,my pig lived in a pleasant environment 3. 4.You could see him down there at all hours, his white face parting ...his stethoscope dangling ...and grinning his corrosive grin Fred was quite excited about the event.He was down at the pigpen all the time.because of his swollen joints,he moved about unsteadily.His face set apart the grass along the fence as he moved about.He was like a doctor,with his long ,drooping ears dangling like a stethoscope,and he scrabbbled on the ground as if he were prescibing some medicine. 5.When the enema bag appeared, and the bucket of warm suds, his happiness...full charge of the irrigation When it was time to dose the pig,Fred became even more excited,and he managed to get through the fence,and acted as if he was taking charge of the medical treatment. 6…...and the premature expiration of a pig is...a sorrow in which it feels fully involved If a pig dies before he is supposed to ,it is a serious matter for the whole community to remember.The whole community would share the sadness for his death. 7. 8.I have written this account in penitence and in grief,as a man who...and to explain my...so many raised pigs The purpose of this essay is to show that I am sorry for what has happened to my pig,since I have failed to raise the pig and cannot provide a reason why my pig could didn't grow the way other pigs have grown. 9.The grave in the woods is unmarked,but ...and I know he and I...on flagless ..own choosing The pig's grave in the woods doesn't have a tombstone,but whenever somebody wants to visit it,Fred will show him the way.I know we will often visit it,separate or together,when we need to ponder over problems or when we are depressed. Lesson 10 notes on the english character 1. Saint George may caper on banner and in the speeches of politicians, but it is John Bull who delivers the good. As Saint George is a hero, the patron of arms, symbolizing chivalry, his image often appears on banners, and his name is often mentionde in the speeches of politicians. Saint George is used as a symbolic figure for political purposes. But John Bill is a tradesman and he delivers the goods we need in our daily life while making money at the same time. 2. With its boarding- houses, its compulsory games, its system of prefects and fagging, its insistence on good form and on esprit decorps, it produces a type whose weight is out of all proportion to its numbers. The English public schools have unique features. First, all boys live in boarding houses. Second, sports and games are organized and compulsory as part of the school curricula. Third , older students have special duties to help control younger students while the latter must do jobs for the former. Lastly , great emphasis is placed on good form and team spirit. These features enable the public school students to have disproportionately great influence. 3. Note the word bankrupt . I spoke as a member of a prudent middle-class nation, always anxious to meet my liabilities. Pay attention to my use of the word bankrupt, a word related to business. This reveals my identity as a member of the commercial nation , who would be carefull and sensible enough to avoid any risks of failing to pay their debts. 4. But my friend spoke as an oriental, and the oriental has behind him a tradition, not of middle- class prudence but of kingly munificence and splendor. But my friend expressed his view as a member of oriental countries. They are nourished by a tradition of great generosity.