初中英语从句

初中英语从句 篇一:初中英语从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句(包括主语从句，宾语从句， 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语从句，同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。 以下是一些基本的从句的语法 知识点 高中化学知识点免费下载体育概论知识点下载名人传知识点免费下载线性代数知识点汇总下载高中化学知识点免费下载 一、定语从句概念 定语从句(attributive clause)，顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例: The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 1.先行词与关系词 先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词、代词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。 关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾 1)关系代词 A、定语从句专项讲解 1 2)关系副词 2. 如何选择关系词 1)判断哪一部分是先行词，先行词指人、物、时间还是原因 The book which/that I left here just now is gone. 我刚才放在这里的书不见了。(the book是先行词，指物) I'll forever treasure the days which/that we spent on the seashore. 我将永远珍惜咱们在海滨一起度过的那些日子。 (the days, 指时间) 2)确定关系词。既要考虑先行词，又要考虑关系词在从句中充当的成分。 比较: I'll forever treasure the days which/that we spent on the seashore.我将永远珍惜咱们在海滨度过的那些日子。(先行词是the days，指时间，在定语从句中作spent的宾语，因此选择关系代词which或that) I'll forever treasure the days when we played on the seashore.我将永远珍惜我们在海滨玩耍的那些日子。(先行词是the days，指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，因此选择关系副词 when) 3)确定定语从句中的人称、数、和时态。人称、数应和先行词一致;其时态应根据具体的情景和意义而定，一般不受主句的限制。 2 The person who/that is asking to see you is James. 正要求见你的人是詹姆士。 3.定语从句的种类 根据先行词与定语从句的紧密程度，可以将定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 限定性定语从句又称限制性定语从句，用来修饰和限定先行词，与先行词的关系非常密切，说明 A doctor is a person who saves people's lives. 医生就是救护人性命的人。(将定语从句去掉后，原句意义不完整) 非限定性定语从句起补充附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，译为汉语时常不译作定语，而根据句意翻译为相应的其他形式的从句。在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。 Yesterday, Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed for two years. 昨天，吉米动身到加拿大去了，他曾在那儿待了两年。 (where引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Canada) (一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如: An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 房屋的人。 3 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记 在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通 过电子邮件向我们发送简历。 whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英 语常可省略。例如: Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先 生你认识吗, This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。(在非正式英语中，主 格who代替了宾格whom，亦可省略) whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语 从句作定语。例如: The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在 国外留学。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字，你 4 知道吗,(关系代词whose指代先行词hotel，正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which，意思是:the window of the hotel。) (二)关系代词which的用法 which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如: I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。(which可以换成that) Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 汤姆在一个制表厂工作。(which可以换成that) (三)关系代词that的用法 that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如: Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗,(that可以换成who) Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge? 放在冰箱的冰激凌哪儿去了,(that可以换成which) Is this the book that you want to buy? 这是你要买的那本书吗, (that可以换成which，在定语从句作宾语，还可以省略) 三、关系副词引导的定语从句 常用的关系副词只有三个:when, where, why，在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语。它们的用法大家不妨记住 5 一个口诀: the time when the place where the reason why (一)关系副词when的用法 关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间，when在定 语从句作时间状语。例如: In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often. 北京的七月和八月是 常下雨的月份。(when先行词是months) Do you remember the day when we first went to the Summer Palace? 你还记得我们第一次去颐和园的那一天吗,(when先行 词是day， 当代英语里when可以用that替代，这时关系代 词that就变成了表示时间的关系副词) I haven’t seen her since the year when I left Tokyo. 自从我离开东京的那一年我就一直没见到过她。(when 先行词是year，同样when可以用that代替) (二)关系副词where的用法 关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点，where在定 语从句作地点状语。例如: During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up. 春节期间， 我回到了生我养我的家乡。(where的先行词是town) This is the place where Li Bai once lived. 这是李白曾经生活过的地方。(where先行词是place) 6 上面这个句子不可以将where改为that，因为that不能作为表示地点的关系副词。试比较下句: This is the place that Li Bai once visited. 这是李白曾经游览过的地方。(that的先行词同样是place，但这个that是关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，还可以用which替换) (三)关系副词why的用法 关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因，why在定语从句作原因状语。例如: The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email. 我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。(why先行词是reason， 当代英语里why可以用that替代，这时关系代词that就变成了表示原因的关系副词，还可以将why省略) This is the reason why he came late to school. 这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。(why先行词是reason，why可以用that替代，还可以省略) 注意:如果上面的句子将the reason省略，那么这个句子就变成了(This is why he came late to school. )表语从句，句子意思丝毫未变。 四、特殊关系代词as引导的定语从句 as是个比较特殊的关系代词，一是用在某些句型搭配里，二是独立于主句之外。下面分别讲解。 (一)在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as中，as引导定语从句 7 You may take as many books as you want. 你想要拿多少书就拿多少。(第一个as是副词，修饰many的;第二个as才是关系代词，代替先行词books，在定语从句中作宾语) I have got such a computer as yours. 我有一台你这样的电脑。(as是关系代词，代替先行词computer，在定语从句中作表语，因为yours后省略了is ) I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin. 我从未见过像桂林那样美丽的地方。(as是关系代词，代替先行词place，在定语从句中作表语，因为Guilin后省略了is ) (二)独立于主句之外，as引导定语从句 As we know, the earth turns around the sun. 正如我们所知，地球围绕太阳旋转。 As is known to us, (As we know和 As is known to us均为定语从句，as分别作宾语和主语，替代后面的主句。) Taiwan is, as you know, is an inseparable part of China. 你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(关系代词as指代整个主句，在定语从句中作宾语。) 五、关系代词who, which与that的区别 (一)关系代词who与that的区别 1. 当关系代词用作主语时，多用主格who。例如: He who loses hope loses all. 8 失去希望的人就失去一切。(先行词为代词he, they, any, all, one等时，多用who) I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese. 我遇见艾丽斯，她告诉我她在学汉语。(在非限制性定语 从句中，用who) 2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时，用 宾格whom，不用that。例如: The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher. 我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师。(介 词与关系代词紧密相连时，只能用宾格whom，不可用主格 who) 注意:介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时，或者说介词放在 句子后面时，这时可以用主格who，也可用that，还可以省 略关系代词。因此，上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法: (1) The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. (2) The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. (3) The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. (4) The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. 第4句简洁、自然，所以口语中用得最多。 3. 当 关系代词泛指人时，多用that。例如: He is a man that is never afraid of failure. 他是个从不怕 9 失败的人。(that用来泛指人) 4. 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时，应用that。例如: Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English? 用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁,(避免重复使用who，以免造成误解或语义含混不清) (二)关系代词which与that的区别 1. 当先行词为all, much, little以及不定代词anything, something, everything等时，关系代词多用that。例如: All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光物，未必尽黄金。 She told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。 2. 当先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词或限定词the only, the very, all, every, any, no等时，关系代词一般都用that。例如: This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的一部小说。 He is the only person that has been invited to the ball. 他是惟一应邀参加舞会的人。 3. 当关系代词出现在which开头的疑问句时，应用that。例如: Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest? 哪一个是推荐给外宾的宾馆,(这里使用that很明显是为了避免重复which) 10 4. 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词一般只用which。例如: Beijing, which is the capital of the People’s Republic of China, will host the 2008 Olympic Games. 北京是中华人民共和国的首都，将主办2008年奥运会。 5. 介词后的关系代词用which，而不用that。例如: She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps. 她收集了600张邮票，其中60,是德国邮票。 六、定语从句的位置 如前所述，定语从句一般总是直接置于所修饰的名词或代词之后。有时候，定语从句与先行词之间插入了其他的短语，这样它们被分隔了，这种情况下的定语从句被称作隔离定语从句。例如: There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad. 楼上有一个女孩，大喊大叫。很明显，她疯了。(定语从句who was shouting and crying修饰the girl，被upstairs所隔开) A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 明天要来一位新老师教你们德语了。(定语从句置于句末以示强调) B、宾语从句 11 宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下: 一，引导词 A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无 词汇 英语3500词汇语境记忆pets3考试词汇二年级反义词和近义词初中词汇词汇大全考研英语二高频词汇表 意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。 例:I told him that he was wrong. l在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。 例:I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对) l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。 例:We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的) B,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。 例:I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow. 12 The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment. l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导 例:Everything depends on whether we have enough money。 l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导. 例:I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not. l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导. 例:Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided. C, 由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从 句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的 成分。 例:Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语) I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地 点状语) 二，宾语从句的语序， 宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+ 谓语+其他成分 例:I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher. They wanted to know what they can do for us. 二，宾语 从句的时态。 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制， 既:主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。 主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从 句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。 例: 13 1)She says that she is a student. She said that she was a student. 2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3)She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already. 4)She says that she can sing a song in English. She said that she could sing a song in English. l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这 时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。 例:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. He told me that Japan is an (转 载于:wWw.xLTkwj.cOM 小 龙 文档网:初中英语从 句)island country. lCould you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉， 并不表示过去。 例:Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum? 注意事项: u由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。 例: She said: “I have been to England before.” She said that she had been to England before. She asked me: “Do you like maths?” She asked me if I liked maths. u宾语从句与 简单句的交换。 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的 14 主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式 ”做宾语的简单句结构。 例:I don’t know what I should do next. I con’t know what to do next. 篇二:初中英语三大从句详解 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句(包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。 以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句(attributive clause)，顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例: The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词 定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 15 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示: 格 先行词 主格 宾格 所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — (一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如: An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。 whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英 16 语常可省略。例如: Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先 生你认识吗, This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名 叫玛丽。(在非正式英语中，主格who代替了宾格whom， 亦可省略) whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语 从句作定语。例如: The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在 国外留学。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名 字，你知道吗,(关系代词whose指代先行词hotel，正式 用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which， 意思是:the window of the hotel。) (二)关系代词which的用法 which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可 省略。例如: 17 I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。(which可以换成that) Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 汤姆在一个制表厂工作。(which可以换成that) (三)关系代词that的用法 that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语 从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如: Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗,(that可以换成who) Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge? 放在冰箱的冰激凌哪儿去了,(that可以换成which) Is this the book that you want to buy? 这是你要买的那本书吗, (that可以换成which，在定 语从句作宾语，还可以省略) 三、关系副词引导的定语从句 常用的关系副词只有三个:when, where, why，在定语从 句中充当时间、地点和原因状语。它们的用法大家不妨记住 一个口诀: the time when the place where the reason why (一)关系副词when的用法 18 关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间，when在定 语从句作时间状语。例如: In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often. 北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。(when先行词是 months) Do you remember the day when we first went to the Summer Palace? 你还记得我们第一次去颐和园的那一天吗,(when先行 词是day， 当代英语里when可以用that替代，这时关系代 词that就变成了表示时间的关系副词) I haven’t seen her since the year when I left Tokyo. 自从我离开东京的那一年我就一直没见到过她。(when 先行词是year，同样when可以用that代替) (二)关系副词where的用法 关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点，where在定 语从句作地点状语。例如: During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up. 春节期间，我回到了生我养我的家乡。(where的先行词 是town) This is the place where Li Bai once lived. 19 这是李白曾经生活过的地方。(where先行词是place) 上面这个句子不可以将where改为that，因为that不能作为表示地点的关系副词。试比较下句: This is the place that Li Bai once visited. 这是李白曾经游览过的地方。(that的先行词同样是place，但这个that是关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，还可以用which替换) (三)关系副词why的用法 关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因，why在定语从句作原因状语。例如: The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email. 我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。(why先行词是reason， 当代英语里why可以用that替代，这时关系代词that就变成了表示原因的关系副词，还可以将why省略) This is the reason why he came late to school. 这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。(why先行词是reason，why可以用that替代，还可以省略) 注意:如果上面的句子将the reason省略，那么这个句子就变成了(This is why he came late to school. )表语从句，句子意思丝毫未变。 20 四、特殊关系代词as引导的定语从句 as是个比较特殊的关系代词，一是用在某些句型搭配里， 二是独立于主句之外。下面分别讲解。 (一)在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as 中，as引导定语从句 You may take as many books as you want. 你想要拿多少书就拿多少。(第一个as是副词，修饰many的;第二个as才是关系代词，代替先行词books，在定语从 句中作宾语) I have got such a computer as yours. 我有一台你这样的电脑。(as是关系代词，代替先行词 computer，在定语从句中作表语，因为yours后省略了is ) I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin. 我从未见过像桂林那样美丽的地方。(as是关系代词，代 替先行词place，在定语从句中作表语，因为Guilin后省略 了is ) (二)独立于主句之外，as引导定语从句 As we know, the earth turns around the sun. 正如我们所知，地球围绕 太阳旋转。 As is known to us, (As we know和 As is known to us均为定语从句，as分 21 别作宾语和主语，替代后面的主句。) Taiwan is, as you know, is an inseparable part of China. 你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(关系代词as指 代整个主句，在定语从句中作宾语。) 五、关系代词who, which与that的区别 (一)关系代词who与that的区别 1. 当关系代词用作主语时，多用主格who。例如: He who loses hope loses all. 失去希望的人就失去一切。(先行词为代词he, they, any, all, one等时，多用who) I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese. 我遇见艾丽斯，她告诉我她在学汉语。(在非限制性定语 从句中，用who) 2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时，用宾格whom，不用 that。例如: The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher. 我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师。(介 词与关系代词紧密相连时，只能用宾格whom，不可用主格 who) 注意:介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时，或者说介词放在 句子后面时，这时可以用主格who，也可用that， 22 还可以省略关系代词。因此，上面的这句话还可以有如下 四种说法: (1) The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. (2) The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. (3) The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. (4) The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. 第4句简洁、自然，所以口语中用得最多。 3. 当关系代词泛指人时，多用that。例如: He is a man that is never afraid of failure. 他是个从不怕失败的人。(that用来泛指人) 4. 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时，应用that。 例如: Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English? 用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁,(避免重复使用 who，以免造成误解或语义含混不清) (二)关系代词which与that的区别 1. 当先行词为all, much, little以及不定代词anything, something, everything等时，关系代词多用that。例如: All 23 that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光物，未必尽黄金。 She told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。 2. 当先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词或限定词the only, the very, all, every, any, no等时，关系代词一般都用that。例如: This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的一部小说。 He is the only person that has been invited to the ball. 他是惟一应邀参加舞会的人。 3. 当关系代词出现在which开头的疑问句时，应用that。例如: Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest? 哪一个是推荐给外宾的宾馆,(这里使用that很明显是为了避免重复which) 4. 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词一般只用which。例如: Beijing, which is the capital of the People’s Republic of China, will host the 2008 Olympic Games. 北京是中华人民共和国的首都，将主办2008年奥运会。 5. 介词后的关系代词用which，而不用that。例如: She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German 24 stamps. 她收集了600张邮票，其中60,是德国邮票。 六、定语从句的位置 如前所述，定语从句一般总是直接置于所修饰的名词或代词之后。有时候，定语从句与先行词之间插入了其他的短语，这样它们被分隔了，这种情况下的定语从句被称作隔离定语从句。例如: There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad. 楼上有一个女孩，大喊大叫。很明显，她疯了。(定语从句who was shouting and crying修饰the girl，被upstairs所隔开) A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 明天要来一位新老师教你们德语了。(定语从句置于句末以示强调) B、宾语从句 宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫 做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下: 一，引导词 A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, 25 think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动 词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分， 也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是 以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。 例:I told him that he was wrong. l在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句 中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。 例:I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对) l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经 常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。 例:We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒 谎是错误的) B,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。 Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。 例:I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow. The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment. l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导 例:Everything depends on whether we have enough money。 26 l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导. 例:I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not. l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导. 例:Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided. C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾 语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句 子的成分。 例:Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语) I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语) 二，宾语从句的语序， 宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+ 谓语+其他成分 例:I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher. They wanted to know what they can do for us. 二，宾语从句的时态。 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制， 既:主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。 主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从 句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。 27 例: 1)She says that she is a student. She said that she was a student. 2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3)She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already. 4)She says that she can sing a song in English. She said that she could sing a song in English. 篇三:初中英语三大从句 总结 一. 宾语从句object clause: 一. 定义definition: 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 二. 连接词connections: that: I think that you can pass the exam. Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means. I don’t know where he found the book. 只用whether的情况: 1. 与or not连用: I don’t know whether it’s raining or not. 2. 与动词不定式连用: 28 He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation. 3. 连接词前有介词时: It depends on whether he is coming. 三. 时态tenses: 1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时 态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam. 2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。 1)She said that she was a student. 2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3)She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这 时宾语从句要用一般 现在时态。 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 二. 定语从句 Attributive clause: 1. 定义:在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句 2. 先行词指人 who /that 先行词指物 which/ that 3. 定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后 4.关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不 可再出现其他代替先行 29 词的代词 5.翻译 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 “…. 的” Eg. 1. Yesterday we bought a book which is really hard to understand. 2. The students who are from Maple Leaf School like learning English. Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾 语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom 1. 2. I don’ Whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示 “…的” eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher. 关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况: 1.先行词前有序数词修饰时: 2.先行词前有形容词最高 级修饰时: 3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时. e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop 4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that. e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all. 5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等词修饰时,只 30 能用that e.g. This is the last place that I want to visit. 6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头，只能用that引导. Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform? 当关系代词前使用介词时: 物+介词+which ;人+ 介词 + whom 当关系代词前使用介词时: e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing. 2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking. 三. 状语从句:Adverbial clauses 定义: 在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来 修饰谓语(包括非谓 语动词)、定语或状语，或是整个句子。 状语从句一般分为八大类 时间状语从句地点状语从句 原因状语从句目的状语从句 结果状语从句条件状语从句 方式状语从句让步状语从句 1. 时间状语从句 When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与 从句的动作同时发 31 生。 When --- 正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时， 在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。 When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。 When=after While ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。 While ---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受 等。 As --- 一边……一边, 随着 As --- 当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。 The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately, ---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Not… until --- 直到……才 He didn’t leave the office until Before --- 在……之前 After --- 在…… 之后 Since ---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时 As soon as --- 一……就…… No sooner than --- 一……就…… no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒装 Hardly …when… Scarcely …when… Once --- 一但……就…… Once you see him, you will never forget him. Every time, each time 每次whenever 每当 2. 条件状语从句 32 引导状语从句的连接词有: If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 据……所知，in case万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是，以…为条件 If ---如果 If Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if not We can’t get there on time unless As long as --- 只要 As (so) far as --- 据……所知 In case --- 假使, 如果 The plane cannot take off in case it rains. Provided that 如果,有时省略 that On condition that --- 条件是… 注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。 3.地点状语从句 地点状语从句只有两个连词: Where, wherever Where --- 在……地方 Where there is a will, there is a way. Wherever --- 无论哪里 4.原因状语从句 because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比 一个弱. Because --- 因为,通常从句放在主句后. 33 Mr Smith was very upset because As --- 因为, 通常放在句首 Since ---既然 因语气较弱, 常译为既然(众所周知的原因) Now that --- 既然 considering that --- 顾及到seeing that --- 由于 put the meeting off. 5.结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有:that, so that, so…that… such…that So… that --- 太……以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用that So that --- 因而，以便，为了 有时so 可以省去 Such …that… ---太……以至于 用法与so…that相同，但such 后面应用名词。 6.目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest (So) that --- 以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如:can, could, may, might, should等 Let’s take the front seats (so) that in order that --- 为了, 与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如:can, could, may, might, should等 School was closed early in order that for fear that --- 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生) He took the name down for fear that he should forget it. 34 in case --- 万一 Lest --- 以防万一 7. 让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有:Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether. Although, though ---虽然 although 和though 可以互 换，但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。 ’ t succeed. As --- 尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可 与though 互换。 Even if /even though ---即使 Even if , you should do your work. However --- 不论， however 引导让步状语从句时，句子 通常倒装 He couldn’t get there onN o matter (what, when, where, how) ---无论(什么，何时，何地，怎样) He wouldn’ t forgive me no matter how Whatever --- 不管 , she won’t change her mind. While ---尽管 I can’t help you. Whether ---不管，常与or not 连用 8.方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由:as, as if, as though as ---与…… 一样 as if, as though --- 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引导的从句 35 中可用虚拟语气 36