四大句型

英语中的四大句型 英语中的句子按照用途来分,可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四个句型。 一、陈述句: 1.定义:是用于陈述事实和观点的句子,有肯定结构和否定结构,句末用句号。 2. 结构:主语+be/助动词/情态动词+谓语+宾语/ 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语(+其它)。 3.陈述句的肯定结构变否定结构:谓语动词是be动词,助动词have, has, will,情态动词can等时, 只要直接在这些词后面加not就构成否定形式。谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时,必须在谓语动词前加助动词,一般现在时加助动词do ,第三人称单数加does,一般过去时加did,再和not构成否定结构。必须指出的是:don't, doesn't, didn't后都用动词原形。例如:This is a desk.(肯定结构)→This isn’t a desk. She does her homework every day. (肯定结构)→She doesn’t do her homework every day. He has a computer game. (肯定结构)→He doesn’t have a computer game. The students can sing and dance. (肯定结构)→The students can’t sing and dance. 练习:请把下列各句改为否定句。 1.Amy is the best student in my class. 2.These are my good friends. 3. John studies very hard this semester. 4. Jim has a lot of story books. 5.She can speak English and French. 二.疑问句 定义:指提出问题,请对方回答的句子,句末用问号,按结构来分。分为四种,分别是一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句和反义疑问句。 一)一般疑问句:以be动词, have /has/do等助动词、can/may等情态动词开头,以yes作肯 定回答(不缩写)no来作否定回答(要缩写)的问句。 它的基本结构是:Be/Have /Has/Did等助动词(包括情态动词)+主语+谓语(包括表语) +┄?回答常用简略回答。 注意:在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等词,如果有也必须进行改变,already要改成yet,some、something、somebody 等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。另外,在改成否定句的时候注意把too改成either,both 改成neither,all改成none等.在改成一般疑问句的时候,常常把第一人称I、we改成第二人 称you。 1、谓语动词是be动词、助动词、情态动词时,只要直接把这些词置于句首,句末改成问号。 练习:1). Li Lei is a good student.(改成一般疑问句) 2). They are your friends? 3).There's something wrong with his bike.(改成一般疑问句) 2、谓语动词是行为动词时,必须在句首加上助动词Do、Does(三单)、Did(过去式)加上这 些助动词后,句子中谓语动词必须用原形。 练习:1)Edison built a science lab himself when he was ten. (改成一般疑问句) ______ Edison ______ a science lab himself when he was ten? 2)Those Japanese like Chinese food.(改成一般疑问句) ______ those Japanese ________ Chinese food? 3). Your mother often go shopping on weekend. 4).Must I finish my homework now? 二)特殊疑问句:以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,提出疑问的句子。 它的基本结构是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语,就用特殊疑问词+陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有:what, who(whom), whose,which,when,where,how,why等,回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答,不用yes或no来回答。 1)对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问,疑问词用what ①The twins were making a kite when their mother came in. (划线提问) ______ _____ the twins _____ when their mother came in? ②Mrs Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for supper. (划线提问) _______ ______ Mrs Turner ask her son ______ _______? 2)对名词前定语提出疑问,疑问词应用which,而且必须和名词连用。 I'm going to take the shirt on the right.(划线提问) ______ _____ are you going to take? 3)对指人名词或代词提问用who,作宾语时提问用whom。 eg.Li Ping,they,his father 4)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。 eg. Li Ping's coat→Whose coat my father→Whose father 5)对具体时间提出疑问,如in the morning,last Sunday等,疑问词用when;对具体几点钟提问,疑问词应用what time。 6)对具体地点提出疑问,疑问词应用where。 The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill. (划线提问) _____ _____ the pupils having a picnic? 7)对表原因的从句提问,常见的有because引导的从句,疑问词应用why。 Xiao Cheng didn't go to the farm with us because he was ill. (划线提问) _______ _____ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us? 8)对方式或程度等提出疑问,用疑问词How。 eg. go by bike like very much 9)对数量提出疑问,疑问词为How many,要注意how many必须跟名词的复数形式。 eg. two hundred sheep→How many sheep 10)对价格提出疑问,疑问词用How much。 eg. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater. ______ ______ did you pay for the sweater? 11)对时间长度提出疑问,疑问词应用How long。 eg. I've worked in that factory for two years. (划线提问) ______ _____ _______ you worked in that factory? 12)对时间频率,如once a year, twice a week等提问,疑问词用How often。 13)对具体次数,如once, twice, three times等提问,疑问词用How many times。 eg. ______ did he call you the day before yesterday?Twice. A.What time B.How many times C.How much D.How long 14)对in+一段时间提问,疑问词一般用How soon。 eg. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours. (划线提问) _____ _____ _____ Jane and her brother finish the work? 15)对距离提出疑问,疑问词用How far。 eg. It's about two kilometres from here to the country.(划线提问) ______ _____ _____ _____ from here to the country? 16)另外,对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问,则分别用 What's the date? What day is it ? 如果是过去时间,就用was代替is。 What's the weather like? 练习题 用券下载整式乘法计算练习题幼小衔接专项练习题下载拼音练习题下载凑十法练习题下载幼升小练习题下载免费 1)She does exercises at home in the evening.(改成否定句、一般疑问句) She ______ ______ exercises at home in the evening. ______ she _____ exercises at home in the evening? 2)He said something important at the meeting.(改为否定句,一般疑问句) He _____ ______ ______ important at the meeting. ______ he ______ ______ important at the meeting? 3)It'll take them three weeks to finish the work.(划线提问) ______ ______ _______ it take them to finish the work? 4)I have to wash all the plates and things after meals.(划线提问) _____ _____ you have to wash all the plates and things? 5)The woman in the red coat is her mother.(划线提问) ______ ______ is her mother? 6)Li Ping spent twenty yuan on the dictionary.(划线提问) _____ ____ ____ Li Ping _____ on the dictionary? 思考题 1)The worker's visited the factory already.(改成否定句、一般疑问句) The worker _____ _____ the factory ______. ____ the worker ___ the factory __? 2)Both of his parents are workers.(改成否定句) ___ of his parents ______ a worker. 3)He went to the park with his sister.(划线提问) _____ ____ ____ he go to the park? 4)We really enjoyed working on the farm.(划线提问) What _____ you really enjoy ______? 5)She writes to her parents once a week.(划线提问) _______ ______ ______ she write to her parents? 6)Our P.E teacher has been at this school since he came.(划线提问) ______ ______ ______ our P.E teacher been at this school? 三).选择疑问句: 指提问者提供两种或两种以上情况,让对方从中作出选择的句子。它的基本结构是:一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句(后一部分与前一部分相同的成分常常省略)。回答时,不用yes或no回答,而是选择其中一种回答。 eg. Would you like chicken or beef?回答时用I'd like beef. 练习:用"or"或"and"填空: ①Are they sitting _______ standing in the classroom? ②The students stopped talking _______ laughing when the teacher came in. ③Meimei likes boating. (用swim改成选择疑问句) ______ Meimei ____ boating ______ __________? 四).反意疑问句: 提出情况和看法来问对方是否同意的句子。它由两部分构成:前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短的附加问句。 1.如果前一部分是肯定形式,后一部分通常用否定形式;如果前一部分是否定形式,后部分通常用肯定形式。 2.两部分的人称和时态必须一致。 3.附加问句的主语应用相应的代词,不能用名词。 4.附加问句动词的否定应用缩略形式。 1)Bill's sister is going to work in Paris next month.(改成反意疑问句) Bill's sister is going to work in Paris next month,______ _______? 2)The Reads don't enjoy living in China.(改成反意疑问句) The Reads don't enjoy living in China,___ _____? 注意: 1、对于反意疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,则用yes来回答,事实是 否定的,则要用no回答。 eg. Li Lei never goes to school late,does he? 李雷上学从不迟到,是吗? 不,他迟到。(事实是迟到的,则用yes回答. Yes,he does.) 是的,从不迟到。(事实是不迟到,则用no回答. No,he doesn't.) 2、当陈述部分中含有no, no one, nobody, nothing, never, little, few, hardly, too…to等否定词时, 附加疑问句部分用肯定形式。 eg.1)His aunt ate nothing for breakfast this morning. (改为反意疑问句) His aunt ate nothing for breakfast this morning, ____ ____? 2)There's nothing wrong with the computer.(改为反意疑问句) There's nothing wrong with the computer, ______ _____? 3、反意问句中要注意到有些词的缩略形式。 eg. 's既是has也是is的缩略形式。'd既是would也是had的缩略形式。 eg.①He's already finished his homework.(改成反意问句) He's already finished his homework, ______ _____? ②He's already a little weak in English.(改成反意疑问句) He's already a little weak in English,______ _____? ③He's often told to come here.(改成反意疑问句) He's often told to come here, _____ ____? 4、当陈述部分带有that从句作宾语时,附加问句的主谓一般应与主句保持一致。但是如果主句动词是think时,附加问句的主谓一般应与从句主谓保持一致,如果think是否定形式,附加问句的谓语应是肯定形式。 eg. 1.They said that they would call us.(改成反意疑问句) They said that they would call us, ______ _______? 2.I don't think he will come. (改成反意疑问句) I don't think he will come, _____ ______? 5、陈述部分主语是everyone, someone, no one, something, anything等不定代词时,指人的不定代词,附加部分主语多用he来代替,指物的不定代词主语多用it来代替。 6、当陈述部分为there be句型时,附加问句部分用be there结构的肯定或否定形式。 三、感叹句:用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句,句末用感叹号。 1、一般用感叹词how或what引导,how修饰形容词或副词,what修饰名词。 2、how引导的感叹句,基本结构是:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!(主谓可省略) eg. How beautiful the park is! 3、What引导的感叹句:基本结构是: ①What+a/an+形容词+可数名词(单数)+主语+谓语!(主谓可省) eg. What a nice girl (she is)! ②What+形容词+可数名词复数(或不可数名词)+主语+谓语! eg. What beautiful flowers they are! 注意:What感叹不可数名词时,名词前面不能加不定冠词a/an 。 eg. What a good news it is! 类似的有:What bad weather! What hard work! What delicious food!等 练习题:(一)1)___________ good kind girl she is! ( ) A.How B.What a C.What D.How a 2)_________ bad weather! I hope it won’t last long. ( ) A.How B.What C.What a D.How a 3)___________ they are listening to the teacher! ( ) A.How careful B.What careful C.How carefully D.What carefully 练习题:(二)1)He had lunch at home. (用at school改选择问句) ____ he _____ lunch at home _____ at school? 2)He's never late for class. (改反意疑问句) He's never late for class, ____ _____? 3)Mr Brown has few friends in this town.(改反意疑问句) Mr Brown has few friends in this town, ____ ____? 练习题:(三)选择How或What(a/an)填空: (1)._____ good news for all of us! (2)._________ interesting book he has in his hand! (3).______ badly he hurt himself! (4)._____friendly she is to everyone! 思考题: 1)Is Bruce an American __________ an Australian? ( ) A.or B.but C.and D.so 2)_________ wonderful time we have had. ( ) A.How B.How a C.What D.What a 3)_________ modern cinema the workers are building. ( ) A.How B.How a C.What D.What a 4)The twins could swim when they were four.(改为反意问句) The twins could swim when they were four, ____ ___? 5)There is little meat in the fridge.(改为反意问句) There is little meat in the fridge, ___ ____? 四、祈使句:表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句,主语you通常省略。 1、祈使句的肯定形式:一般以动词原形开头。Open the door, please. 2、祈使句的否定形式:在句首谓语动词前加Don't。Don't be late for class. 3、说话对象是第一人称和第三人称时,表示建议做某事。Let me/us Let him/her/them eg. Let's go to school. 注意: 1)祈使句+and/or +简单句是常用句型 祈使句+ and + 简单句表示“如果…,就…” 祈使句+ or + 简单句表示“…否则…” eg. 1.Go down the street,and you'll see a hospital. 2.Be quick,or we'll be late. 2)在祈使句后面,常常附加一个问句,使语气更加委婉。 eg.①Tell me about it,will you/won't you? ②Don't tell anyone,will you? ③Let's go to school,shall we? ④Let us go out to play for a while,will you? 练习题1)_____ on the thin ice. It's dangerous. A.Don't skate B.Don't skating C.Skate D.Not skate 2)Let's fly the kite on the playground, _____ ______?(附加问句) 3)Please turn down the radio a bit, ____ _____?(附加问句)