英语口语考试资料-暴力视频游戏对青少年有害

英语口语考试资料-暴力视频游戏对青少年有害 暴力视频游戏对青少年有害, How much scientific evidence is there for and against the assertion(断言，声明) that exposure to video game violence can harm teens? Three researchers have developed a novel method to consider that question: they analyzed the research output of experts who filed a brief in a U.S. Supreme Court case involving violent video games and teens. Their conclusion? Experts who say violent video games are harmful to teens have published much more evidence supporting their claims than have experts on the other side of the debate. "We took what I think is a very objective approach: we looked at the individuals on both sides of the debate and determined if they actually have expertise in the subjects in which they call themselves experts," said Brad Bushman, co-author of the study and professor of communication and psychology at Ohio State University. "The evidence suggests that those who argue violent video games are harmful have a lot more experience and stronger credentials(证明) than those who argue otherwise." Bushman conducted the study with Craig Anderson, professor of psychology at Iowa State University, and Deana Pollard Sacks, professor of law at Texas Southern University. Their research will be published in May in the Northwestern University Law Review Colloquy. Their study involved Schwarzenegger v. Entertainment Merchants Association, a case before the U.S. Supreme Court that will decide whether the state of California can ban the sale or rental of violent video games to children under 18. The court is expected to rule on the case this summer. In this case, groups supporting and opposing the law have filed what are called briefs of amicus curiae(法官的顾问) . These are briefs by people or groups who are not involved directly in the case, but want to offer the court their expert opinion on the issues involved. The researchers analyzed the credentials of the 115 people who signed the Gruel brief, who believe video violence is harmful, and the 82 signers of the Millett brief, who believe video violence is not harmful. (The briefs are named after the lead attorneys for each side.) The data for the study came from the PsycINFO database, which provides more than 3 million references to the psychological literature from the 1800s to the present, including peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters or essays, and books. For each of the signers of the two briefs, the researchers calculated how many articles and books they published on issues relating to violence and aggression in general and on media violence specifically. The results showed that 60 percent of the Gruel brief signers (who believe video game violence is harmful) have published at least one scientific study on aggression or violence in general, compared to only 17 percent of the Millett brief signers. Moreover, when the researchers looked specifically at the subject of media violence, 37 percent of Gruel brief signers have published at least one study in that area, compared to just 13 percent of the Millett brief signers. In a further analysis, Bushman and Anderson examined where the signers of both briefs have published their research. The best academic journals have the highest standards and the most rigorous peer review, so only the best research should be published there, Bushman said. The researchers used a well-established formula, called the impact factor, to determine the top-tier journals, and then calculated how many signers had published in these journals. Results showed that signers of the Gruel brief had published over 48 times more studies in top-tier journals than did those who signed the Millett brief. "That's a staggering(蹒跚的，令人惊愕的) difference," Bushman said. "It provides strong support for the argument that video game violence is indeed harmful." Bushman said he and his colleagues did this study because they wanted to show that there is a way for the Supreme Court to evaluate the contradictory(矛盾的，反 对的) evidence it has been presented. "The justices were presented with two briefs, arguing opposite sides, and they may think the contradictory briefs simply cancel each other out," Bushman said. "We just wanted to point out to the justices that not all briefs are the same. In this case, the credentials and experience of those who signed the Gruel brief far exceeds that of the ones who signed the Millett brief." Fight with pc games addiction(addiction [?'dik??n]n. 上瘾，沉溺;癖嗜) As depicted by the picture, we are informed that one student busies himself playing computer games excitedly, with several students surrounding him and yelling “go!go!go!go!” it’s obvious that all of them are addicted to computer games and which makes them extremely exhilarated. This day ,such scenario isn’t odd in schools. Lots of students are indulged in PC games, which has become a severe social problem. one shocking news is that in china 90 percent of pc game player are teenagers .Why this happens? We cannot help asking ourselves this question. As for those students , it’s their obligation to pay more attention to their studies instead of being obsessed with pc games. However, they choose to take playing pc games as their major source of entertainment. By playing games, they feel relaxed and the high pressure caused by studies is reduced, and they enjoy this easy time. As a result, they cannot reject the temptation of pc games. but as we already know, computer games addiction has resulted in a series of problems. first,some students let their studies slide to play pc game,which will ruin their future.second, sitting in front of the computer the whole day will do harm to their physical health. Finally, some of the games are about violence and sex. Because the teenagers’ capacity of self control as well their sense of right and wrong is immature, some of them imitate bad and dangerous actions showed by pc games ,and even commit crimes. So it’s time for our government and society to solve the problem. To begin with, teenagers should be given proper guidance as to the relation of studies and entertainment. Parents and teachers should give them correct advice about how to arrange their schedule every day and make good use of time. Then, we should help the students to turn their attention to sth interesting and advantageous,such as doing physical exercises or reading. Furthermore, the burden of study should be reduced. Finally ,the market of pc games should be regulated strictly. in one word,the coordinated effort of the whole society will put an end to teenagers’ computer games addiction. I 一。大学生接触电脑游戏的慨况; 二。电脑游戏对大学生的利与弊; 三。我对这一问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 的看法。 Computer and Online Games Computer games have become very popular in recent years.Many college students are being attracted by computer games.Every day after school some college students will bury themselves in computer games at home or in net bars.They concentrate all their attention on computer games,with their hands busy operating. Computer games are a kind of wonderful entertainment.They bring great pleasure to college students,train them to respond quickly, and stimulate their imagination and interest in electronics and computer science.But just as a coin has two sides,computer games also have some disadvantages.School students spend too much time on computer games .which would do harm to their eyes and affect their school achievements.Also,playing computer games do not allow them to use their natural creativity.Some of them even commit crimes in order to get enough money for the games .Only if one has enough self-control can he benefit from computer games. In my opinion,computer games has its advantages and disadvantages to collge students,but if we can control our excessive lust to computer games and take advantage of it ,I’m sure we can gain a lot from computer games. 如果考到转基因食物(genetically modified food)，应该如何应对, by 新东 方口译口试组 由于世界人口越来越多rapid population growth，而耕地面积日益缩减arable land is diminishing 各国政府不得不通过科技手段来增加粮食的产量。 Increase grain output by applying advanced technology. (注:饥荒 famine) 转基因食品通过基因重组， re-engineering of the DNA of crops使得农作物具有抗害虫的能力more pest-resistant ， 从而增加亩产，因此被认为可以解决世界粮食危机 to cope with global food crisis，保 证食品供应的安全。Ensure food security/safety. 目前，许多人对转基因食品对其毒性问题、营养问题、对抗生素的抵抗作用以及环境威胁等 问题都抱有质疑态度。 People are skeptical about the GM food’s toxicity, nutritional value and resistance against antibiotics as a result of being excessively used 客观来讲Objectively speaking，每一件新生事物，都有它比经一个成长过程。我们应该 用客观的批判的和包容的眼光去看待。One should be more tolerant to new things 目前 转基因技术，尚处于研究的初级起步阶段 starting phase。许多人都坚持认为，这种技术 培育出来的食物是“不自然的”unnatural。许多消费者对转基因食品的安全问题提出了质 疑。最常见的就是，我国的转基因大豆有。消费者对其安全性十分担忧people are concerned about the grave threat of GM food such as soybean。从一次次过去的教训中， 人们不 难得出结论，人类行为应该对自然负责。 Humankind should be more careful when dealing with nature.其实，有时候，确实不必如此 these concerns are legitimate but not necessary。 原因，没有十足的把握控制基因调整后的结果。The possible ill effects of GM food could spin out of control. 如果我们的质量检测部门应该加强质量检测。Strengthen the oversight of GM food. 确保消费者的身体健康， ensure health of people 公众也应 该有权知晓，他们在超市购买的食物是否是转基因的。 The right to know whether the food they buy and consume is genetically modified or organic.