农业技术培训教材

农业技术培训教材 农业技术培训教材(一) 时间: 2009年1月5日 地点:连职工培训学校 授课人:杨新辉 参加人员:全体干部职工 科目: 农业节水灌溉技术 从表中可以看出,“十一五”期间～总水量由现在的13亿立方米减至9亿立方米～耕地面积由现在的120万亩增加到160万亩～灌溉定额由现在的1000立方减少到620立方～灌溉水利用系数由现在的0.4提高到0.56。 前面提到的总水量指的是丰水年的水量～若遇到枯水年～水量还会减少～如何进行灌溉～如何保证棉花丰产丰收～如何保证在座各位的收入不受影响～如何保证农三师经济发展和社会稳定～这是值得我们深思的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 。 水从哪里来,从节水来,产量从哪里来～从科技上来。 一、农业节水技术 节水农业技术不是一种单一技术～而是包含多种技术措施的技术体系～这些技术措施主要有农业水资源合理开发技术、节水灌溉工程技术、农艺节水技术和节水管理技术。 一,、农业水资源合理开发技术 1、水资源优化分配技术:对水资源进行综合 评价 LEC评价法下载LEC评价法下载评价量规免费下载学院评价表文档下载学院评价表文档下载 ～提出能充分利用水资源并发挥最大效益的优化分配 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 ～进行水资源的开发利用。 2、地下水利用技术:在利用地下水的团场～在维持地下水生态平衡的前提下～确定开采强度～合理利用地下水～对机井进行测试改造～提高机井的出水效率和装臵效率～降低能耗。在井渠结合灌区～非灌溉季节～利用渠道引水灌溉～入渗补给地下水。 3、劣质水利用技术:利用微咸水灌溉时～可根据土壤积盐状况～作物不同生育期耐盐能力～直接利用微咸水或咸淡水掺混后使用。但因特别注意掌握灌水时间、灌水量、灌水次数～同时与农业耕作栽培措施密切配合～防止土壤盐碱化。 地下水矿化度对作物生长的影响 二,、节水灌溉工程措施:后面专门讲 1、耕作保墒技术:采用深耕松土等改善土壤结构耕作方法～可以疏松土壤～增大活土层～切断毛细管～减少土壤增发～使土壤水的利用系数得到提高。 2、保墒技术:在耕地表面覆盖塑料薄膜～可以抑制土壤蒸发～减少地表径流～蓄水保墒～提高地温～培肥地力～改善土壤物理形状～提高水的利用率。 3、水肥耦合技术:通过对土壤肥力的测定～建立以水、肥、产量为核心的耦合模型和技术～合理施肥～以肥调水～以水促肥～提高抗旱能力和水分利用效率。 四,节水管理技术措施:后面专门讲 4、作物品种筛选技术:选用抗旱、节水、高产品种。 reading professional language literature, assist clinical teaching (theory class and internship class) participation clinical research activities. (Six) emergency ICU 1. Rotary purpose master: shock, and acute organ function failure, and more organ function obstacles integrated levy, and heart sudden stopped, and breathing sudden stopped, and serious humoral within environment disorder, critical illness of causes, and pathology physiological, and clinical performance, and diagnosis, and identification diagnosis and treatment common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; Various monitoring equipment and rescue equipment (such as defibrillators, ventilators) operation and applications; Common monitoring techniques (such as body temperature, SpO2, end-expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure, ECG, blood pressure, blood gas analysis, and so on) operation and application. Familiar: blood purification techniques, such as blood flow, CRRT, Swan-Ganz catheter indications, how and cardiac output monitoring; Artificial low temperature indication and implementation. About: Intra-Aortic Balloon counterpulsation (IABP) indications and methods of operation. 2. basic requirements: (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: disease on contract number (?) various organ function not full 10 acute breathing distress integrated levy (ARDS) more than 2 more organ function obstacles integrated levy (MODS) 5 shock 5 heart sudden stopped, and breathing sudden stopped 2 (2) clinical operation technology requirements: clinical operation technology name contract times (?) guardianship instrument using 30 by skin Center vein reset tube operation 5 by skin outside week artery puncture reset tube operation 2 artery blood 10 breathing machine using 10 electricweek artery puncture reset tube operation 2 artery blood 10 breathing machine using 10 electric except fibrillation and complex law 2 3. high requirements ( 1) disease and number of contracts number of disease syndrome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome more than 2 2 (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: clinical operations technical contract blood purification technique 2 people ... ... (1) the number of species and number of cases (?) gallstone 2 peptic ulcer .... 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: anesthesia implementation and management contract number (?) local infiltration anesthesia of management 2 vertebral tube anesthesia of management 10 body anesthesia of management 10 (2) clinical operation technology requirements: clinical operation technology name contract times (?) around neural block operation 2 supporting jaw method (open gas road) 10 technique artificial ventilation (using anesthesia machine) 5 ball SAC-mask breathing device 5 fast tracheal within intubation operation 10 artery puncture reset tube operation 5 heart electric monitoring 10 pulse oxygen monitoring 10 has create blood pressure monitoring 10 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: anesthesia implementation and management contract number vertebral tube anesthesia of implementation 2 body anesthesia of implementation 2 arm bundle neural block 2 (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: clinical operation technology name contract times mechanical ventilation (anesthesia breathing machine) 10 control sex low blood pressure 2 by skin Center vein puncture reset tube 2 (3) language, and teaching, and research, capacity of requirements: 5、化学制剂保水节水技术:合理使用保水剂～抑制过度蒸腾～防止奢侈耗水～减轻干旱危害。 二、节水灌溉工程措施 一,低压管道输水灌溉技术 用塑料管等管道输水代替土渠输水到田间～对农田实施灌溉～可以大大减少输水过程中的渗漏、蒸发损失。主要在井灌区使用。 二,渠道防渗技术 应用最广泛的节水灌溉工程技术措施。防水层可采用混凝土护面、浆砌石衬砌、塑料薄膜防渗和混合材料防渗等工程措施～减少输水损失～加快输水速度～提高浇地效率。 三,喷灌技术 利用专门的设备将水加压后～喷射到空中散成细小的水滴～均匀散布到农田上～达到灌溉目的。叶城二牧场人工草场应用的是喷灌技术。 四,微灌技术 1、微灌概念:利用专门设备～将有压水流变成细小水流和水滴～湿润作物根部附近土壤的灌水方法。 2、分类:分为滴灌、微喷灌、涌泉灌、渗灌、脉冲灌等 ?滴灌:是利用低压管道系统通过滴头～将作物生长所需的水分和营养均匀而缓慢地滴入作物根部附近～借重力作用使水渗入到作物根区～使土壤经常保持最佳含水状态的一种灌水方法。 ?涌泉灌:利用低压管道系统通过小塑料管与毛管连接作为灌水器～以细流状局部湿润作物根区附近土壤的一种灌溉方法。 渗灌:是指水通过地埋毛管上的灌水器缓慢出流渗入附近土壤～再借助毛管作用和重力作用将水分扩散到整个根层的灌水方法。如果能够解决因负压造成滴灌带堵塞的问题～这是最好的节水灌溉方法。 ?滴灌和渗灌特点比较: 滴灌特点 渗灌特点 地表可见水 地表不见水 使用寿命短 使用寿命长 形式灵活 根系较长 有利于作物轮作 杂草少、省劳力 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 复杂 3、有关参数: 五,膜上灌技术 膜上灌溉是目前应用最为广泛的地膜覆盖灌溉技 术～是我国创造的节水灌溉技术。 它是在地膜栽培的基础上～将原来在灌水沟垄背上铺膜～改为在灌水沟,畦,内铺膜～灌溉水流在膜上流动～利用地膜输水～水通过放苗孔和地膜旁入渗到作物根部的灌水技术。可获得较常规地面灌水方法相对高的灌水均匀度。可以减少土壤的深层渗漏和蒸发损失～土壤不板结～不冲刷～可显著提高水的均匀度和田间水利用系数。该技术在新疆使用最多～取得了良好的节水增产效果。 六,地下灌技术 是把灌溉水输入地面以下铺设的透水管道或采取其他工程措施普遍抬高地下水位～依靠土壤的毛细作用侵润根层土壤～供给作物所需水分的灌溉工程技术。 地下灌根据供水方式的 -tificial low temperature indication and implementation. About: IntraGanz catheter indications, how and cardiac output monitoring; Ar-iar: blood purification techniques, such as blood flow, CRRT, Swaniratory carbon dioxide partial pressure, ECG, blood pressure, blood gas analysis, and so on) operation and application. Familexp-ndh as defibrillators, ventilators) operation and applications; Common monitoring techniques (such as body temperature, SpO2, eport, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; Various monitoring equipment and rescue equipment (sucng supnical performance, and diagnosis, and identification diagnosis and treatment common life support technology (as cycle breathien stopped, and serious humoral within environment disorder, critical illness of causes, and pathology physiological, and clig sudd, and acute organ function failure, and more organ function obstacles integrated levy, and heart sudden stopped, and breathiny class and internship class) participation clinical research activities. (Six) emergency ICU 1. Rotary purpose master: shockreading professional language literature, assist clinical teaching (theor2ure 2 by skin Center vein puncture reset tube 2 (3) language, and teaching, and research, capacity of requirements:operation technology name contract times mechanical ventilation (anesthesia breathing machine) 10 control sex low blood press inicalmentation 2 body anesthesia of implementation 2 arm bundle neural block 2 (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: clnd the cases number requirements: anesthesia implementation and management contract number vertebral tube anesthesia of impleies anitoring 10 pulse oxygen monitoring 10 has create blood pressure monitoring 10 3. high requirements (1) learning disease specmask breathing device 5 fast tracheal within intubation operation 10 artery puncture reset tube operation 5 heart electric mo-ll SACl block operation 2 supporting jaw method (open gas road) 10 technique artificial ventilation (using anesthesia machine) 5 baagement 10 (2) clinical operation technology requirements: clinical operation technology name contract times (?) around neuraf manontract number (?) local infiltration anesthesia of management 2 vertebral tube anesthesia of management 10 body anesthesia obasic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: anesthesia implementation and management c ... 2.ct blood purification technique 2 people ... ... (1) the number of species and number of cases (?) gallstone 2 peptic ulcer .ltiple organ dysfunction syndrome more than 2 2 (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: clinical operations technical contrain muw 2 3. high requirements ( 1) disease and number of contracts number of disease syndrome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation artery puncture reset tube operation 2 artery blood 10 breathing machine using 10 electric except fibrillation and complex la icweekube operation 5 by skin outside week artery puncture reset tube operation 2 artery blood 10 breathing machine using 10 electruirements: clinical operation technology name contract times (?) guardianship instrument using 30 by skin Center vein reset tgy reqstacles integrated levy (MODS) 5 shock 5 heart sudden stopped, and breathing sudden stopped 2 (2) clinical operation technolober (?) various organ function not full 10 acute breathing distress integrated levy (ARDS) more than 2 more organ function obies and the cases number requirements: disease on contract numAortic Balloon counterpulsation (IABP) indications and methods of operation. 2. basic requirements: (1) learning disease spec 不同～可分为地下侵润灌溉、地下管道灌溉和地下排灌两用系统。地下水侵润灌溉适用于地下水位较高～地下水及土壤含盐量较低～土壤透水性较好～又有一定排水条件的地区。地下管道灌溉适用于水资源紧缺～地下水位较深～灌溉水质较好～计划湿润土层以下由弱透水层的地区。地下灌排两用系统适用于地下水位较浅～土壤无盐碱化的地洼易涝渍又有干旱威胁的地区。地下滴灌可减少表土蒸发损失～灌溉水的利用率较高。 七,沟畦改造技术 沟畦灌是当前最主要的田间灌水方法～为了节水增产～可在精细平整土地的基础上大畦该小畦～长沟改短沟～以使沟畦规划合理。有条件的地方可采取间歇灌或利用激光平地技术实现水平畦田灌～以大幅度提高田间水利用系数。45团2006年申请了一个激光平地项目。 三、节水管理技术措施 一,、节水灌溉制度 1、灌溉制度概念:是指作物播种前及全生育期内的灌水次数、灌水日期、灌水定额和灌溉定额。 节水灌溉制度是把有限的灌溉水量在作物生育期内进行最优分配～以提高灌溉水向作物可吸收的根层的贮水的转化～以及光合产物向经济产量转化的效率。可采用非充分灌溉、抗旱灌溉和低定额灌溉等～限制作物的水分供应～巧灌关键水～加大土壤调蓄能力～同时对作物进行抗旱锻炼～采用“蹲苗”、“促控”等技术～降低田间蒸发量～提高作物对农田水的利用效率。一般采用低定额灌溉可节水30,,40,～而对产量无明显影响。 2、建立灌溉制度的意义 通过试验～获得数据～掌握棉花需水规律～明确一次灌多少方水、灌几次、什么时间灌～为什么要这样灌。灌溉制度是灌溉工程规划设计的基础。是已建成灌区编制和执行用水计划～合理用水的重要依据。,确定灌水总量～为总量控制、定额管理、累进加价提供数据,同时～它还关系到灌区内土壤肥力状况和作物产量、品质的提高～以及灌区水土资源的充分利用和灌溉工程设施效益的发挥 3、制定灌溉定额的方法 在农业生产中～常用3种方法确定灌溉制度。 ? 总结群众节水丰产灌水经验 ?利用灌溉试验资料 ?用水量平衡计算方法 4、灌溉试验 近几年～兵团对灌溉试验工作高度重视～兵团水利局每年投入200万元进行灌溉试验～根据每个师局申请的课题～分别投入10,20万元～今年我们也申请了一个课题～主要是研究棉花需水规律～探索和建立农三师自己的灌溉制度。下面介绍农五师、农八师节水灌溉试验取得的资料 ?农五师、农八师通过灌溉试验掌握了棉花需水规律。 ?农五师、农八师通过灌溉试验掌握了棉花不同生育期对土壤适宜含水量的要求。 八师 低于下限10,为轻旱～低于下限10,15,为中旱～低于下限15,以上为重旱。 棉花在生育期各阶段受旱～对其生长、发育、产量都有一定的影响～但受旱阶段不同～受到的影响程度不同～而干旱程度不同～棉花所受的影响也不同～即使同样干旱程度,如中旱,～其影响大小顺序是:苗期,成熟期,蕾期,花铃期。花铃期不能受旱。 棉花调亏灌溉应选在苗期至初蕾期和成熟期。 二,土壤墒情监测与灌溉预报技术 : IntraGanz catheter indications, how and cardiac output monitoring; Artificial low temperature indication and implementation. About-Swan miliar: blood purification techniques, such as blood flow, CRRT,expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure, ECG, blood pressure, blood gas analysis, and so on) operation and application. Fa-Common monitoring techniques (such as body temperature, SpO2, end tions;of application; Various monitoring equipment and rescue equipment (such as defibrillators, ventilators) operation and applicas and treatment common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology agnosirder, critical illness of causes, and pathology physiological, and clinical performance, and diagnosis, and identification dibstacles integrated levy, and heart sudden stopped, and breathing sudden stopped, and serious humoral within environment disotion osearch activities. (Six) emergency ICU 1. Rotary purpose master: shock, and acute organ function failure, and more organ funcding professional language literature, assist clinical teaching (theory class and internship class) participation clinical rerea3, and teaching, and research, capacity of requirements:nguagentilation (anesthesia breathing machine) 10 control sex low blood pressure 2 by skin Center vein puncture reset tube 2 (3) laural block 2 (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: clinical operation technology name contract times mechanical vedle netion and management contract number vertebral tube anesthesia of implementation 2 body anesthesia of implementation 2 arm bunsure monitoring 10 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: anesthesia implementanitoring 10 pulse oxygen monitoring 10 has create blood presmask breathing device 5 fast tracheal within intubation operation 10 artery puncture reset tube operation 5 heart electric mo-technique artificial ventilation (using anesthesia machine) 5 ball SACd) 10 ts: clinical operation technology name contract times (?) around neural block operation 2 supporting jaw method (open gas roant 2 vertebral tube anesthesia of management 10 body anesthesia of management 10 (2) clinical operation technology requiremennagemee cases number requirements: anesthesia implementation and management contract number (?) local infiltration anesthesia of maer of species and number of cases (?) gallstone 2 peptic ulcer .... 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the numbnical knowledge, skills required: clinical operations technical contract blood purification technique 2 people ... ... (1) ths number of disease syndrome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome more than 2 2 (2) clitractbreathing machine using 10 electric except fibrillation and complex law 2 3. high requirements ( 1) disease and number of con be operation 2 artery blood 10 breathing machine using 10 electricweek artery puncture reset tube operation 2 artery blood 10set tutimes (?) guardianship instrument using 30 by skin Center vein reset tube operation 5 by skin outside week artery puncture re, and breathing sudden stopped 2 (2) clinical operation technology requirements: clinical operation technology name contract toppeding distress integrated levy (ARDS) more than 2 more organ function obstacles integrated levy (MODS) 5 shock 5 heart sudden sase species and the cases number requirements: disease on contract number (?) various organ function not full 10 acute breathAortic Balloon counterpulsation (IABP) indications and methods of operation. 2. basic requirements: (1) learning dise- 用先进的科学技术手段～如张力计、中子测定仪、电阻法等监测土壤墒情～数据经过分析处理后配合天气预报～对适宜灌水时间、灌水量进行预报～可以做到适时适量灌溉～精准灌溉～有效控制土壤含水量～做到既节水有增产。 三,、灌区配水技术 根据灌区各级输配水渠道的技术参数和作物分配情况～按照水源可供水量和作物生育阶段蓄水量～以输配水过程水量损失最小、增产较大为目标～编制水量调度方案～合理调配水量～做到既增产又节水。 四,、灌区量水技术 采用量水设备对灌区用水量进行量测～是搞好灌区经营管理、提高经济效益、实行按量收费、促进节约用水的重要手段。常用的量水设备有量水堰、量水槽、量水器等～随着计算机技术的发展～半自动或自动量水装臵已开始应用～可大幅度提高灌区量水效率和精确度。 五,、现代化灌溉管理技术 采用电子技术对河流、水库、渠道的水位、流量、含砂量以及水泵运行状况等参数进行采集～输入计算机利用预先编制好的软件对数据处理～按照有线或无线传输方式～控制各个闸门或水泵～实现自动化监控～可节省大量的劳动力～实现最优用水管理。这也是精准监测的重要组成部分。 应用上述农业节水灌溉措施时～要因地制宜～逐步推进～形成合力～充分发挥这些技术措施的综合节水增产效率。 四、以色列节水灌溉技术应用情况 以色列自然条件恶劣～一半以上地区属典型的干旱和半干旱气候～沙漠占国土面积60%以上、土地贫瘠～年降水量一般在400-550毫米。针对水资源极度匮乏的情况～以色列把水作为重要的战略资源加以管理和开发～走出了一条成功的开发利用水资源道路。以色列的节水技术是当今世界上最先进的节水灌溉技术之一。 五、农三师节水灌溉存在的问题 目前急需解决的问题 系统运行不正常～系统运行不正常突出表现在低压运行和流量不足上～滴管带压力达不到设计 压力～最终体现在滴灌带流量达不到设计流量。这是目前滴灌系统运行中存在的最大的 问题。 八师发现了这一问题～通过田间测试～基本掌握了棉花需水规律～保证棉花需水要求。八师棉 花滴灌各阶段耗水情况详附表一。 附表一 八师棉花滴灌各生育阶段耗水情况 目前～全师现有棉花膜下滴灌面积47.8万亩,不包括正在实施的30万亩,～其中～支管轮灌方式面积为5万亩～附管轮灌方式面积为42.8万亩。正在实施的30万亩滴灌工程全部采用支管轮灌方式。无论是支管轮灌还是附管轮灌～都存在一定的问题。 造成低压运行的原因是什么。 1、安装原因 2、管材配件原因 3、管理原因 4、机制原因 5、设计原因 一,渠道防渗率低 二,灌溉定额高～水分生产率低～节水意识差 -tificial low temperature indication and implementation. About: IntraGanz catheter indications, how and cardiac output monitoring; Ar-iar: blood purification techniques, such as blood flow, CRRT, Swaniratory carbon dioxide partial pressure, ECG, blood pressure, blood gas analysis, and so on) operation and application. Familexp-ndh as defibrillators, ventilators) operation and applications; Common monitoring techniques (such as body temperature, SpO2, eport, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; Various monitoring equipment and rescue equipment (sucng supnical performance, and diagnosis, and identification diagnosis and treatment common life support technology (as cycle breathien stopped, and serious humoral within environment disorder, critical illness of causes, and pathology physiological, and clig sudd, and acute organ function failure, and more organ function obstacles integrated levy, and heart sudden stopped, and breathiny class and internship class) participation clinical research activities. (Six) emergency ICU 1. Rotary purpose master: shockreading professional language literature, assist clinical teaching (theor4ure 2 by skin Center vein puncture reset tube 2 (3) language, and teaching, and research, capacity of requirements:operation technology name contract times mechanical ventilation (anesthesia breathing machine) 10 control sex low blood press inicalmentation 2 body anesthesia of implementation 2 arm bundle neural block 2 (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: clnd the cases number requirements: anesthesia implementation and management contract number vertebral tube anesthesia of impleies anitoring 10 pulse oxygen monitoring 10 has create blood pressure monitoring 10 3. high requirements (1) learning disease specmask breathing device 5 fast tracheal within intubation operation 10 artery puncture reset tube operation 5 heart electric mo-ll SACl block operation 2 supporting jaw method (open gas road) 10 technique artificial ventilation (using anesthesia machine) 5 baagement 10 (2) clinical operation technology requirements: clinical operation technology name contract times (?) around neuraf manontract number (?) local infiltration anesthesia of management 2 vertebral tube anesthesia of management 10 body anesthesia obasic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: anesthesia implementation and management c ... 2.ct blood purification technique 2 people ... ... (1) the number of species and number of cases (?) gallstone 2 peptic ulcer .ltiple organ dysfunction syndrome more than 2 2 (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: clinical operations technical contrain muw 2 3. high requirements ( 1) disease and number of contracts number of disease syndrome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation artery puncture reset tube operation 2 artery blood 10 breathing machine using 10 electric except fibrillation and complex la icweekube operation 5 by skin outside week artery puncture reset tube operation 2 artery blood 10 breathing machine using 10 electruirements: clinical operation technology name contract times (?) guardianship instrument using 30 by skin Center vein reset tgy reqstacles integrated levy (MODS) 5 shock 5 heart sudden stopped, and breathing sudden stopped 2 (2) clinical operation technolober (?) various organ function not full 10 acute breathing distress integrated levy (ARDS) more than 2 more organ function obies and the cases number requirements: disease on contract numAortic Balloon counterpulsation (IABP) indications and methods of operation. 2. basic requirements: (1) learning disease spec 六、工作思路 一,人员设备必须到位 节水灌溉管理人员必须到位～必要的检测设备必须齐全。 二,制度准备 建立滴灌灌溉制度 三,促进末级渠道配套建设及水费制度改革 供水体制及水价管理存在的问题 1、农业供水体制和水价管理目前存在的主要问题 一是供水补偿机制不合理～水价偏低～不利于节约用水。二是农业供水管理层次环节较多～水费收取不规范～层层加价～农工实际水费负担较重。三是水费普遍实行按亩收费～水费与用水多少没有直接关系～导致农工和水管单位没有节水积极性～大格田漫灌～高田埂蓄灌现象十分普遍。 2、水资源总量制约的问题 到2004年农三师的水资源总量已由原来的15亿降至13亿立方米～今后仍将呈下降趋势～塔河综合治理5年实施计划完成后～预计水资源总量将保持在12亿立方米左右。 3、水利工程不配套问题 这主要是指场外引水渠～放水渠的防渗工程和场内渠系工程不配套的问题。 4、灌溉模式的问题 主要是指棉花灌溉模式的问题～即冬灌加春灌的灌溉模式～这种模式在前进灌区表现的尤为突出～仅冬春两次播前灌溉就把水库存水几乎用尽～抗旱、抗灾能力大大减弱。 5、关于水价调整 水价调整要遵循既要达到供水成本～同时考虑职工承受能力的原则～建议两大灌区水价实行统一标准:,如有必要可由财务局、水利局调研确定,。 6、关于水费征收: 水费也是生产资料费～团场能交地膜款、化肥款、种子款、电费～就是不交或欠交水费～是因为水没有进入市场～团场不怕欠水费～不怕不来水～管水的人不能不供水～这就形成了团场的依赖性和赖帐性。建议:水费征收实行强制性原则。 8、关于水费管理 水费是以水养水～保证水利工程安全有效运行、保证水利工程管理单位正常运行、保证场内、场外水利工程建设的主要经济 来源～是节水、增水保证可持续发展的重要载体。建议对水费实行统一管理。 供水体制改革—供水到户 “供水到户”是供水体制改革的必由之路～也是提高全民节水意识和节水措施的有效手段～新疆自治区向国家宣布在全区已经实现了供水到户～是否全面落实还得打个问号。但是确有许多县在做这项工作～而且有的做的很好～,如乌苏县、和硕县、岳普湖县等,～在兵团只有十二师的部分团场做的较好。三师是缺水师～做好供水到户工作意义重大～是否可以按以下思路思考问题。 团场水管站,所,统一划归水管单位～由水管单位统一管理～实行以按量计费、开票到户为核心的灌溉用水水费计收管理改革。 对水管处的考核评价体系的建议 从以下几个方面对水管单位进行严格考核:水费解缴、水库安全运行、输配水渠安全运行、水 -Swan miliar: blood purification techniques, such as blood flow, CRRT,expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure, ECG, blood pressure, blood gas analysis, and so on) operation and application. Fa-Common monitoring techniques (such as body temperature, SpO2, end tions;of application; Various monitoring equipment and rescue equipment (such as defibrillators, ventilators) operation and applicas and treatment common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology agnosirder, critical illness of causes, and pathology physiological, and clinical performance, and diagnosis, and identification dibstacles integrated levy, and heart sudden stopped, and breathing sudden stopped, and serious humoral within environment disotion osearch activities. (Six) emergency ICU 1. Rotary purpose master: shock, and acute organ function failure, and more organ funcding professional language literature, assist clinical teaching (theory class and internship class) participation clinical rerea5, and teaching, and research, capacity of requirements:nguagentilation (anesthesia breathing machine) 10 control sex low blood pressure 2 by skin Center vein puncture reset tube 2 (3) laural block 2 (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: clinical operation technology name contract times mechanical vedle netion and management contract number vertebral tube anesthesia of implementation 2 body anesthesia of implementation 2 arm bunsure monitoring 10 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: anesthesia implementanitoring 10 pulse oxygen monitoring 10 has create blood presmask breathing device 5 fast tracheal within intubation operation 10 artery puncture reset tube operation 5 heart electric mo-technique artificial ventilation (using anesthesia machine) 5 ball SACd) 10 ts: clinical operation technology name contract times (?) around neural block operation 2 supporting jaw method (open gas roant 2 vertebral tube anesthesia of management 10 body anesthesia of management 10 (2) clinical operation technology requiremennagemee cases number requirements: anesthesia implementation and management contract number (?) local infiltration anesthesia of maer of species and number of cases (?) gallstone 2 peptic ulcer .... 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the numbnical knowledge, skills required: clinical operations technical contract blood purification technique 2 people ... ... (1) ths number of disease syndrome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome more than 2 2 (2) clitractbreathing machine using 10 electric except fibrillation and complex law 2 3. high requirements ( 1) disease and number of con be operation 2 artery blood 10 breathing machine using 10 electricweek artery puncture reset tube operation 2 artery blood 10set tutimes (?) guardianship instrument using 30 by skin Center vein reset tube operation 5 by skin outside week artery puncture re, and breathing sudden stopped 2 (2) clinical operation technology requirements: clinical operation technology name contract toppeding distress integrated levy (ARDS) more than 2 more organ function obstacles integrated levy (MODS) 5 shock 5 heart sudden sase species and the cases number requirements: disease on contract number (?) various organ function not full 10 acute breathAortic Balloon counterpulsation (IABP) indications and methods of operation. 2. basic requirements: (1) learning dise-: IntraGanz catheter indications, how and cardiac output monitoring; Artificial low temperature indication and implementation. About 库畜水、总引水量、水综合利用率、大修岁修、水产养殖共八项内容。 对团场场内水利工程建设的建议 如果水价改革成功～每年师将获得3000万元的水利建设基金。除用于水利工程前期工作外～更多的是用于团场支、斗渠防渗和建筑物配套工程建设～集中财力、施工力量、管理力量～加快团场支、斗渠防渗和建筑物配套工程建设进程～尽快达到节水的目的。 “十一五”期间全面完成团场支、斗渠防渗和建筑物配套工程建设～加大水利工程建设管理力度～确保工程顺利实施。 七、节水灌溉发展方向 大力开展节水灌溉工程建设、提高水的利用率是节水灌溉工程的主要方向～也是农三师农业生产再创 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 的基础性工程。节水灌溉工程发展主要有以下几个方面: 1、渠道硬质化。进一步加强主干渠道的建设,场外干渠、支渠基本上要实现硬质化～充分提高水的利用率～使干、支渠的水利用率达到90%以上。 2、输水管道化。继续加大微灌工程建设步伐～灌溉实现管网化。老灌区逐步实现将斗渠输水向管道化输水方向发展～逐步和已建的微灌系统连接～同时取消农渠～实现斗口以下灌溉管网化。 3、灌溉自动化。现有的喷滴灌系统灌溉方式采用人工操作～灌溉均匀度差～灌溉定额高～劳动强度大。逐步实现灌溉自动化。 4、调度自动化。实现水库、灌区水量调度自动化～进一步提高水的利用率。 5、土地平整精细化。平整土地在灌区节水改造中占有重要的地位～是农业节水基本措施之一～土地不平～灌水不匀～产量不高～耗水费力。利用先进的平地技术可以实现土地平整精细化～使节水灌溉建设前进一大步。 谢谢大家 icweekube operation 5 by skin outside week artery puncture reset tube operation 2 artery blood 10 breathing machine using 10 electruirements: clinical operation technology name contract times (?) guardianship instrument using 30 by skin Center vein reset tgy reqstacles integrated levy (MODS) 5 shock 5 heart sudden stopped, and breathing sudden stopped 2 (2) clinical operation technolober (?) various organ function not full 10 acute breathing distress integrated levy (ARDS) more than 2 more organ function obies and the cases number requirements: disease on contract numAortic Balloon counterpulsation (IABP) indications and methods of operation. 2. basic requirements: (1) learning disease spec-tificial low temperature indication and implementation. About: IntraGanz catheter indications, how and cardiac output monitoring; Ar-iar: blood purification techniques, such as blood flow, CRRT, Swaniratory carbon dioxide partial pressure, ECG, blood pressure, blood gas analysis, and so on) operation and application. Familexp-ndh as defibrillators, ventilators) operation and applications; Common monitoring techniques (such as body temperature, SpO2, eport, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; Various monitoring equipment and rescue equipment (sucng supnical performance, and diagnosis, and identification diagnosis and treatment common life support technology (as cycle breathien stopped, and serious humoral within environment disorder, critical illness of causes, and pathology physiological, and clig sudd, and acute organ function failure, and more organ function obstacles integrated levy, and heart sudden stopped, and breathiny class and internship class) participation clinical research activities. (Six) emergency ICU 1. Rotary purpose master: shockreading professional language literature, assist clinical teaching (theor6ure 2 by skin Center vein puncture reset tube 2 (3) language, and teaching, and research, capacity of requirements:operation technology name contract times mechanical ventilation (anesthesia breathing machine) 10 control sex low blood press inicalmentation 2 body anesthesia of implementation 2 arm bundle neural block 2 (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: clnd the cases number requirements: anesthesia implementation and management contract number vertebral tube anesthesia of impleies anitoring 10 pulse oxygen monitoring 10 has create blood pressure monitoring 10 3. high requirements (1) learning disease specmask breathing device 5 fast tracheal within intubation operation 10 artery puncture reset tube operation 5 heart electric mo-ll SACl block operation 2 supporting jaw method (open gas road) 10 technique artificial ventilation (using anesthesia machine) 5 baagement 10 (2) clinical operation technology requirements: clinical operation technology name contract times (?) around neuraf manontract number (?) local infiltration anesthesia of management 2 vertebral tube anesthesia of management 10 body anesthesia obasic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: anesthesia implementation and management c ... 2.ct blood purification technique 2 people ... ... (1) the number of species and number of cases (?) gallstone 2 peptic ulcer .ltiple organ dysfunction syndrome more than 2 2 (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: clinical operations technical contrain muw 2 3. high requirements ( 1) disease and number of contracts number of disease syndrome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation artery puncture reset tube operation 2 artery blood 10 breathing machine using 10 electric except fibrillation and complex la