全国100所名校单元测试示范卷

全国100所名校 单元测试 部编版二年级下册第二单元测试题部编版二年级下册第二单元测试卷部编版二年级下册第二单元测试部编版二年级下册语文第二单元测试卷人教版七年级下册英语单元测试卷 示范卷 全国100所名校单元测试示范卷?地理卷 参 考 答 案(一,十) (高中新课标 R?必修2) (一) 1(B 由图可知，a的人口增长模式为高出生率、低死亡率、高自然增长率，属于传统型。 2(A 图中?阶段，出生率高，死亡率高，自然增长率低，符合原始型的特点。 3(B ?阶段，低出生率，低死亡率，低自然增长率，属现代型，将会出现劳动力不足、社会保障负担沉重等问题。 4(B 甲图中老年人比重较大，青少年比重较小，自然增长率较低;乙图中少年儿童比重较大，自然增长率较高。 5(A 甲国老年人比重过大，该国面临的最大的人口问题是人口老龄化，人口老龄化会导致国内缺乏青壮年劳力、国防兵力不足、社会上用于养老保险的费用过高、青壮年负担过重等问题。 6(A 深圳属于移民城市，经济发达，人口数量变化很大，主要原因是人口迁移频繁，数量巨大。 7(D 深圳形成于改革开放之后，是一座移民城市，迁入人口大多比较年轻，使其人口年龄结构很年轻，所以死亡率很低。 8(B 根据图中数据可以得出目前印度人口由1951年的3.8亿增长到2008年的11亿，增长了7.2亿，增长了2倍多。根据题意“印度8年间人口从10亿增加到11亿”，故年增长率超过1%，应处于高增长阶段。从图中可以看出印度人口增长速度逐渐加快，每年净增人口有增加趋势。 9(C 可用排除法，人口增长快，劳动力充足，但由于人口多，消耗也多，积累较少;印度没有大面积的热带雨林，故?错。 10(D 根据材料描述，导致华北人口迁移的原因是华北大旱导致华北的环境人口容量变小。 11(B 华北男性人口大批移民东北，华北青壮年男性人口明显少于相同年龄段的女性人口，又因为清末我国人口出生率高，所以相对来说儿童的比例大，因此B图正确。 12(D 图中迁移人口主要集中在20,29岁，这部分人口属于劳动力人口，人口迁移最可能受经济因素影响。 13(A 图中甲为0,4岁的儿童，儿童的迁移主要与父母的迁移有关;图中乙为20,29岁的青年人口，与甲的关联性最强。 14(D 由图可知，在各省区中，黑龙江迁入淄博的人口最多。 15(C 从图中可以看出，在迁入淄博的人口中黑龙江省最多。 16(C 读图可知，世界人口密度大的地区多分布在中、低纬度的近海平原地带。 17(C ?为亚马孙平原，由于热带雨林气候湿热，不适合人类居住，人口密度小。 18(D 由图不难看出，2025年湖南省粮食可供养人口数量大于预测人口数量。 19(A 上海人口自然增长率低，耕地少，有农业发展且农业发展水平较高，排除B、C、D三项，选A项。 20(A 从图中可以看出，阿拉斯加纬度较高，气候寒冷，加上山地面积大，所以环境承载力小，人口密度小。 21(C 材料从时间发展角度，说明环境能容纳人口在增加，人类发展是生产力发展过程，在资源总数变化不大，甚至人均资源减少情况下，环境承载力也可以增加，主要是科技发展间接增加了人类能够利用资源的数量。 22(C 进行人口合理容量的估计的目的是制定相应的人口发展政策。 23((1)原始型 现代型(2分) (2)b、c、d、a(2分) (3)b阶段的变化情况是保持高出生率，死亡率下降，自然增长率上升;c阶段的变化情况是维持较低的死亡率，出生率大大降低，自然增长率下降，并且比较低。(6分) (4)由高出生率、高死亡率变化为低出生率、低死亡率;自然增长率由低变为高，又由高变为低。世界人口总数量逐渐增多。(4分) 1 24((1)北 北方是华夏文明的发源地，开发较早，自然条件较好，有利于刀耕火种生产，政治和经济中心在北方。(4分) (2)黄河中下游 南 长江 珠江(4分) (3)两晋南北朝时，为躲避战乱，北方人大量南迁，唐末安史之乱与藩镇割据使北方战乱不绝，出现北方人南迁的高潮，使北宋时南方人口大大超过北方。同时，南方人口增多也是由于南方经济发展，物质丰富，可以供养更多的人口。(6分) 25((1)人口老龄化 性别比例失衡(2分) (2)计划生育(2分) (3)有利于制定我国持续发展战略，努力提高科技水平，使人口增长与资源利用、环境保护相协调。(4分) (4)健全社会养老保障体系，尤其是农村地区;消除社会性别不平等现象;加强文化教育，提高人口素质，改变生育观念;加强医德建设，禁止非医学需要子女出生前的性别鉴定。(合理即可，6分) 26((1)由东向西增大。(4分) (2)负相关(2分) (3)新疆生态环境脆弱，环境人口容量小;河南人口数量大，人口增长快。(4分) (4)新疆人少地多，矿产资源丰富，加上西部大开发，经济发展迅速，就业机会较多;河南、四川人多地少，农村剩余劳动力较多。(4分) 2 (二) 1(A 台东路步行街是青岛市主要商业大街之一，商业街是城市内部商业中心的主要组织形式。 2(A 商业街一般位于交通便利的城市中心，以便接近最大消费人群，建立广阔的消费市场。 3(A 城市空间结构模式有同心圆模式、扇形模式、多核心模式，图中的形态应为同心圆模式。 4(A 不同类型的城市形态功能区的分布不同，该学说揭示了城市土地利用的价值分带，中心商务区土地利用层次最高，越靠近中心商务区，土地集约程度越高，地租地价也就越高，为了充分利用有限的土地，一般多建高层楼房。 5(C 城市中的土地利用，虽然受到昔日土地的利用形式、政府计划、知名度等因素的影响，但一般来说，某一土地最终将被愿意支付最高地租者获得。 6(B 中心商务区一般布局在土地利用层次集约化程度高、地价高、交通便利的地区。市中心外围布局低级住宅区;高级住宅区应该在交通便利，空气质量好环境好的地区。劳力密集型加工业多布局在有大量劳动力且交通比较便利的地区。 7(D 从图中可以看出e地远离市中心的商务中心区。 8(A 从图中可以看出，?地位于区域的中心位置，而且逢集的频率也高于其他6个集镇，说明?地的等级高于其他6个集镇。 9(D 材料中的情形一般出现在人口比较稀疏的地区，由于人口少，居民总体购买力不足，所以不能形成每日集市。 10(C a为小城市，等级最低，提供的职能最少。c是大城市，服务范围最大。在我国a、b、c三类城市中数目最多的是a，彼此距离最大的是c。 11(A 图中反映城市人口大约占总人口的90%，说明该地区城市化水平很高。图中没有面积不能反映出人口密度。不能判断居住人口居住区的分布状况。 12(C 中国、印度和埃及是发展中国家城市化水平在40,50%左右，只有英国在90%左右。 13(C 城市人口占总人口的比重是衡量一个国家或地区城市化水平高低的重要指标。 14(C 根据2010年的数据判断，发达国家城市化水平在75%以上，所以?为发达国家城市化水平，同理判断?为发展中国家城市化水平，?为发展中国家城市人口，?为发达国家城市人口。 15(D 从图中可以看出，2010年发展中国家城市人口数量约25亿，而发达国家城市人口数量为11,12亿。 16(B 本题主要考查城市化对地理环境的影响。根据三条曲线的变化情况及随时间的变化，可以确定?是降水过程曲线，?是城市化后的水位过程线，?为城市化前的水位过程曲线。 17(A B线提前，是由于城市化过程中，城市路面硬化，降水难以下渗，大多通过下水道流入河道。 18(C 城市建设中尽可能保护天然池塘、河道，能起到滞洪、蓄洪和泄洪作用;扩大城市绿地面积，不仅能调节气候，还能增加雨水下渗和提高涵养水源的能力;在人行道改造中采用透水砖，可增加雨水的下渗量。 19(B 材料一涉及的内容是大气质量，指的是环境污染问题;材料二涉及的是交通线路的问题。 20(C 修建海底隧道和跨海大桥，不仅能缓解城市交通压力，而且还能改善城市的环境质量。 21(D 城市人口无限制地增加、工业生产规模无限制地扩大，超过了环境的承载能力，就产生了城市环境问题。 22(A 生态城市在发展城市经济的同时非常注重生态环境的建设，这可以通过增加城市绿地面积、积极发展城市轨道交通、限制高耗能高污染产业的发展、分散城市职能等途径来实现。 23((1)生产功能区(2分) (2)高科技产业对环境质量要求较高。(4分) 3 (3)科研与教育(2分) 一方面高科技产业要依靠高等院校和科研机构，以获得科研和技术支撑，另一方面高科技产业要从这里获得高素质的劳动力。(6分) 24((1)? ? ?(3分) (2)付租能力(2分) (3)距市中心的距离和交通通达度。(3分) (4)?为商业用地，高楼底层通达度较好，能够吸引大量的消费人口。 ?为工业用地，为了降低成本、保护城市生态环境而向市区外缘迁移。(6分) 25((1)陇海铁路 京广铁路(2分) (2)郑州 高等级城市数量少，分布稀疏;低等级城市数量多，分布密集(6分) (3)郑州市在中原城市群中居核心地位，对中原城市群的发展起主导作用;郑州市是区域的管理中心、服务中心、经济增长中心;郑州的发展能带动区域经济的发展，促进区域经济水平的提高。(6分) 26((1)城市化 城市人口增加、城市人口在总人口中的比重增加、城市用地规模扩大、城市数量增加。(6分) (2)多核心模式。(2分) (3)两端分别朝西南和正东方向扩展。(2分) 原因:济南市西北是自西南流向东北的黄河，南边和东南边是丘陵山地，限制了城市的发展，所以城市只有沿地势平坦的西南方向和正东方向发展。(4分) 4 (三) 1(C 该地区有甘蔗、水稻的种植，并有鱼塘分布，且临海，所以该地最有可能位于广东省。 2(B 该区域修筑河堤，开挖鱼塘，发展立体农业，对地形与水分条件进行了改造。 3(A 随海拔的变化热量、水分条件都发生变化，农业生产类型也发生变化。 4(D d位于丘陵山区，适宜发展林果业;该地位于东南沿海，a地地形平坦可发展水稻种植;b靠近公路，可以发展乳畜业，养殖奶牛;c地靠近城市，水源充足可发展园艺业。 5(D 该地位于东南沿海，降水丰富，雨热同期，且人口密集劳动力充足，适宜发展季风水田农业。 6(B “不缺少水分”，说明受伏旱影响小;光照充足利于光合作用;“梅雨”季节昼夜温差小，且温差越大，越利于养分积累;山地是关键词，这里山地由于植被破坏，水土流失严重，水肥流失严重。 7(B 规模大的农场，可以实行大型机械化操作，提高生产效率，降低生产成本;“周围”是关键词，说明灌溉条件和土壤肥力差别不大;种植面积大小与单位面积产量及价格关系不大。 8(B 东北稻米品质优于南方种植区的优势条件是土壤肥沃，水稻一年一熟，生长期长。南方水稻可一年两熟或三熟，单季稻生长期短。 9(A 从材料中可以看出，由于技术的投入导致高产水稻的攻关获得成功，使得我国水稻单产提高。 10(C 科技的发展使农业生产对自然条件的依赖性减弱，垂直农业才会由概念走向实践。 11(B 从题干可知垂直农业接近市场布局，从而减少了运输环节;垂直农业对自然条件的依赖性减弱，规避灾害的能力增强;虽然可节约耕地，但投入的资金技术增加，生产成本较高。 12(C 该地在4、5月份播种冬谷，9、10月份收获，说明位于南半球;该农场主要饲养奶牛，说明为乳畜业，因而最可能为新西兰。 13(C 结合上题分析，该农场为乳畜业，商品率高，主要是面向城市市场的农业类型。 14(B 瓜果易腐烂变质，不便于长距离运输，现在能远销全国各地，说明交通条件发生了明显的改善。同时也得益于冷藏保鲜技术的应用。 15(B 白天温度高光照强利于作物的光合作用，晚上温度低作物呼吸作用弱，消耗的养分少，因而日温差大利于冬枣含糖量的提高。 16(C 由图中可看出，该县农产品产值构成中，粮食占20%，花卉占30%，蔬菜、水果占50%。后两者比重很大，占80%，如此大规模的蔬菜、水果和花卉要成为商品，必然需要便利的交通条件和广阔的市场。 17(B 一般来说城区中心的地价最高，越向外地价越低。因此，收益较高的花卉一般距市中心较近，其次是蔬菜，粮食的收益最低，应位于市区的最外部。 18(A “都市农业”是利用田原景观自然生态及环境资源，通过农林牧渔生产、农业经营活动、农村文化及农家生活，为人们休闲旅游、体验农业生产、了解农村提供场所，它是集农业的生产、农民生活及自然生态等功能于一体的产业。故“都市农业”适合发展观光农业。 19(A 图中信息反映出该地位于干旱地区，绿洲分布在山前地带，所以影响该地区不同区域生产模式的主导性因素为水分。 20(B 过渡带位于荒漠边缘，不适合大规模的耕作业，发展种植业，容易引起土地荒漠化，可适当发展畜牧业。 21(D ?区位于我国的南方低山丘陵地区，低产的红壤是影响农业生产的主要因素;?区位于美国五大湖沿岸，纬度较高，热量不足成为影响农业生产的主要因素。 22(D ?区降水少，宜发展灌溉农业与畜牧业，应与乙图中的?区域基本一致。 23((1)地形平坦，土壤肥沃;夏季热量充足，光照强;灌溉水源充足。(4分) (2)该地区气候干旱，说明棉花耐旱;该地区日照时间长而且光照强烈，说明棉花喜光;棉花分布区以沙质土壤为主，土质疏松，说明棉花喜沙质土壤;棉花分布在河流附近，说明棉花生长过程中需要一定的水量。(合理即可，6分) 5 (3)过度灌溉棉田，棉花产量反而下降，影响经济效益;过度灌溉棉田，会造成河流径流减少，湖泊萎缩，土地次生盐碱化，区域生态环境恶化。(4分) 24((1)商品谷物农业。 国营农场。(2分) (2)气候干旱，降水少;土壤贫瘠;地势高、平地少。(任答两点，2分) (3)总耕地面积小，总产量少;人口众多，消费量大，余粮少，商品率低。(4分) (4)A地区闲置土地面积较大;两国政策的支持;A地区土地租金较低，农产品市场需求量大;中国人均耕地少，劳动力充足。(6分) 25((1)林果 乳畜 渔(3分) (2)牛、羊肉价格的波动上涨，会导致畜牧业的生产规模不断扩大，使得牛、羊的畜养量增加。 这说明了市场因素对农业类型和生产规模起着决定作用。(5分) (3)园艺业和蔬菜种植业。(2分) (4)大牧场放牧业。 大面积干旱半干旱的气候区，草类茂盛;地广人稀，土地租金低;距海港较近，交通便利。(4分) 26((1)商品谷物农业。 生产规模大、机械化水平高、商品率高。(4分) (2)人口、城市密集，市场广阔;温带海洋性气候适宜多汁牧草生长，人口直接消费粮食少，饲料供应充足。(4分) (3)英国市场对牛肉的需求量大，但国内以乳牛生产为主，无法满足对牛肉的需求;阿根廷大牧场放牧业以牧牛为主，牛肉产量大，价格低;现代化交通运输进口方便。(6分) 6 (四) 1(C 中国人口增长率低于1%，属于现代型;印度人口增长率高于1%，属于传统型。 2(D 表中数据显示，印度老龄人口(60岁以上)比重较低，可以推断其死亡率较低，而自然增长率(1.76%)较高，说明出生率较高。60岁及以上年龄段的人口比重中国远高于印度，说明中国的老龄化程度高于印度。 3(B 印度人口增长率达1.76%。这种过高的增长率会导致人口快速膨胀，对资源环境造成过大的压力，会影响社会经济的发展。 4(C 东南沿海地区经济发展快，人口迁入多。 5(C 新疆和山西两省区资源丰富，开发资源引起人口大量迁入。 6(C 人口的消费包括物质消费和文化消费，二者水平的高低都会对环境人口容量产生影响。 7(C 日本、荷兰国土狭小、资源贫乏，却养活了大量的人口，是因为其对外开放程度高，大量地利用了其他国家的资源。 8(A 本题考查交通通达度与地租的关系。从图中可以看出沿oa线地租线向外突出最明显，表明oa线附近地租比两侧要高，由此可以判断oa的交通最便利。 9(B 本题考查地租对城市功能分区的影响。o位于市中心，地租最高，商业对交通和人流量的要求最高，在该区域其付租能力也最高，因而可以判断o处最可能是商业区。 10(D 本题综合考查城市规划。根据图中等高线的弯曲方向可以判断河流的流向是自东北到西南(即从图的左下流向右上)，甲为印刷厂，污染水源，不应在河流上游;乙为自来水厂，应位于河流上游;丙为铁路，一般不宜穿过市中心，以减轻市中心的交通拥堵问题。 11(C 人口密度大的大小与商业服务范围关系密切，一般人口密度越大，商业中心的服务范围越小，人口密度越小，商业中心的服务范围越大。 12(D 人口密度大，每个商业中心的商业服务范围较小，使同一级别的商业中心数目增多。 13(B 从图甲中可以看出1980年前后印度人口数量赶上并超过了欧洲。 14(B 从图乙中可知，2010年印度尼西亚城市化水平在三国中是最高的。 15(D 从图上可以直接读出性状面积与总面积的差距在不断扩大。 16(D 由题干可知，转基因作物的研发需要先进的农业科技作为支撑。 17(B 抗除草剂和抗虫害的性状可以减少农药的使用，减少除草剂在农产品中的残留，从而提高农产品的质量;同时，抗虫害的性状还可降低因虫害导致的农作物减产，在一定程度上提高农作物的单产;抗除草剂和抗虫害的性状与化肥使用量的多少无关，对农产品的商品率也无明显影响。 18(A 由于我国东部季风气候分布面积广，季风区夏季水热丰富，适于水稻生长，从而导致我国水稻种植区的面积广。 19(B 水稻种植需要大量的水，P区域降水较少，灌溉水源不足，不能大面积种植水稻。 20(C 中国高产杂交水稻得到推广，单季单位面积产量高于印度，印度处于热带水稻一年可种三季，中国的长江流域一年只能种两季。 21(B 从图中可以看出，甲种植业比重大、畜牧业比重小，商品率低，投入的劳动力数量大，符合亚洲水稻种植业的特点;乙畜牧业比种植业略大，商品率高，投入的劳动力数量小，符合混合农业的特点;丙种植业比重小、畜牧业比重大，商品率高，投入的劳动力数量小，大牧场放牧业和乳畜业都有可能;综上，选项B正确。 22(D 由上题可知，丙可能为大牧场放牧业或乳畜业，商品率高，需要便利的交通运输条件和广阔的消费市场。 23(低出生率、低死亡率、低自然增长率。(4分) (2)人口老龄化(老年人口比重大)。 2003(2001,2005年间均可) 人均寿命的延长和出生率的不断下降(4分) (3)继续稳定低生育水平;完善社会养老保障制度;提高人口素质。(6分) 24((1)56.2% 务工经商(4分) 7 (2)生态移民、生态难民、自然灾害、水库建设移民。(任答两点，其他答案合理即可，4分) (3)因经济性原因引起的迁移人口性别比较高，因家庭性原因引起的迁移人口性别比较低。(6分) 25((1)多核心(2分) (2)杭州 上海 全国甚至国外(6分) (3)南京南站将建成中国最大乃至世界上最大的铁路枢纽，交通通达度提高，人流量和货物流量大。(6分) 26((1)种植历史悠久;种质资源丰富，良种数量多;茶叶种植面积大，生产区域相对集中;产量和出口量大;茶叶品类齐全，优势产品突出;产茶区生态环境较优越等。(任答四点，4分) (2)我国南方地区多低山丘陵、降水丰富，适宜种茶面积广;种茶、制茶历史悠久，技术经验丰富;劳动力丰富。(6分) (3)中国人口众多，人口增长快，市场需求量大;经济持续发展，人民生活水平和文化水平不断提高，茶叶消费能力不断提高。(4分) 8 (五) 1(C 根据表中的数据可知，我国的人口出生率低、死亡率低、自然增长率低;但由于人口基数大，每年净增人口较多，而不是因为出生率高。目前，我国经济增长速度虽较快，但经济水平不很高，外来迁入人口很少。目前，我国人口死亡率低，65岁及以上人口数量较多，说明老龄人口增长快，选项C正确。 2(A 我国现阶段人口增长速度虽较慢，但因人口基数较大，每年净增人口数量较多。而人作为消费者，会给资源、环境带来很大的压力;同时，大量人口的增加也会带来教育、医疗压力过大的问题。 3(C 城乡间人口迁移在城乡差别较大的时期，迁移规模较大;随着城乡差别的减小，城乡间的人口迁移也逐渐减少。所以影响城乡间人口迁移的主要原因是经济差异。 4(D 发达国家城乡间差别很小，所以城乡间人口移动规模很小;工业化阶段与土地扩张关系不大，所以此阶段开拓式人口迁移规模较小。 5(A B区人口密度为47人/平方千米，已经远远大于该区的人口合理容量30人/平方千米，人口超载导致该地生态破坏严重，出现严重的水土流失 。 6(B 图中本区北部为内蒙古草原，该区自然条件恶劣，气候干旱，经济文化落后，对外开放程度低，最终导致人口合理容量低。 7(C 几次人口普查相比，现阶段变化明显的是人口的流动性比较大，增加了调查的难度。 8(B 人口合理容量是由一个地区的资源、经济发展水平、对外开放程度等因素决定的，无法根据人口调查获得相关信息。 9(B 绿化带一般位于居民区与工业区之间。 10(B 根据城乡人口比例可知，该地区应为发展中国家，目前发展中国家城市化水平较低，但发展速度较快。 11(A 最繁华的商业街应位于等地价线的数值最大处，即?区。 12(A 沿L1,L3线等地价线数值为中心高，由市中心向外变化较平缓;沿L2,L4线等地价线数值变化幅度较大。 13(C 注意区别城镇人口数量和比例的含义，城镇人口比例才能反映城市化水平，故A错;非农人口不等同于城镇人口，故B错;D选项内容从表格中看不出来。故选C。 14(C 城镇非农人口增加主要是因为人们追求更多的就业机会、更高的收入和更好的生活条件，而城市环境远较农村差。 15(D 从表中的果蔬名称可以看出该地位于热带地区，由此判断应为我国的海南。 16(B 海南与其他地区相比，农业生产优势是热量充足。 17(A 图中四国都有大牧场放牧业的分布，都有大面积的干旱、半干旱气候区。?国是澳大利亚、?国是新西兰、?国是南非，其牧场均以养羊为主;?国是澳大利亚，其羊毛的生产量和出口量均为世界第一，乳畜业的生产对象主要是奶牛;?国是阿根廷，其牧场以牧牛为主。 18(B 大牧场放牧业具有生产规模大、专业化程度高的特点，其农场耗用劳动力数量少。阿根廷的牧业在经济中的比重大。 19(C 优势生产区首先要依托当地的资源优势，其次要立足于国内广阔的市场。 20(A 与我国相比，西欧劳动力资源缺乏。 21(B 据图可知，该地畜牧业和种植业并重，农业地域类型属于混合农业。 22(D 该地能种柑橘，推知该地处于我国亚热带季风气候区。地中海沿岸属地中海气候，夏季炎热干燥，光照强烈，故所产柑橘比我国所产柑橘皮厚、糖分含量高。 23((1)?(4分) (2)改革开放后，该地大力发展加工业，大量女性劳动力迁入，从而使该地区的性别比下降。(4分) (3)农业生产机械化水平低，需要大量男性劳动力;生育观念陈旧。(4分) 24((1)经济因素(地租水平)(2分) (2)地租水平和居民收入水平。(4分) 9 (3)A(2分) (4)一方面在城市建设中要发展低污染的节能建筑和绿色交通，减少城市各类活动对环境的污染;另一方面使城市景观尽可能地与山、河、湖、植被等自然景观保持协调，建立一种良性循环。(8分) 25((1)工业区(2分) (2)水泥厂、化工厂 华北地区盛行西北季风和东南季风，水泥厂处于西北季风上风向对城市环境影响较大;化工厂位于城市河流的上游，会造成严重的水污染。(8分) (3)人口自然增长，人口迁移。(2分) (4)市场(2分) 26((1)合理利用墨累一达令河等河流的水源;将大分水岭东部丰富的水资源调入墨累一达令盆地。(4分) (2)混合农业。 形成良性发展的农业生态系统，可以有效利用时间安排农业活动，农业生产对市场具有灵活性和适应性。(6分) (3)主要分布在城市附近。 主要因素为市场和饲料供应。(4分) 10 (六) 1(C 分别把四地的三项成本相加比较可得出丙地成本最低。 2(D 1964年正值我国国际环境动荡的时期，将歼击机基地选在具有“小后方”之称的汉中，主要考虑的是国防安全。 3(A 服装业属于劳动密集型产业，东部地区的服装业向中西部转移，主要考虑的是降低劳动力成本。 4(B 企业向日照港聚集的主要目的是利用日照港便捷的海洋运输条件，以减少运费开支。 5(D 随着生产技术的提高，市场对传统产业的影响越来越大，而这种影响需要借助交通来实现。 6(C 棉纺织厂需要大量廉价劳动力，一般属于劳动力导向型工业。 7(A 新疆是我国西部优质棉生产基地，在这里建厂，接近原料产地，可节约生产成本。 8(C “苹果公司”在全球范围内组织生产主要是为了充分利用各地的区位优势，降低成本，获得最大的利润。 9(D iphone产品在中国组装主要是利用中国丰富的廉价劳动力，且中国有广大的市场可就近销售。 10(B 动漫产业属于知识含量极高的产业，与美国“硅谷”类似，企业的规模一般都较小，从事工作的劳动力数量少，但技术水平都很高。 11(D 此类企业为技术密集型，应布局在有众多高等院校和科研机构的地区。 12(C 由图中资金流、知识流和技术流等关键词可知，甲、乙应分别为金融机构、大学和科研机构。 13(D 该类企业的各个环节集聚，联系紧密、既有分工，又有协作，从而增强了其对外的竞争力。 14(D 中关村是高校云集的地方。布局电子工业具有人才优势。 15(C ?地位于北京城区河流上游不适宜布局化工工业;?位于北京城区夏季风(东南风)的上风向，不适宜建火电厂，少数无污染的工业可以建在市区，首钢等重污染工业应迁出市区。 16(C 本题考查了工业区位因素。领带生产属于劳动力导向型工业，嵊州主要利用当地大量廉价劳动力资源发展领带生产。 17(B 嵊州领带各生产企业以一项经营活动为中心，建立结构完善、功能齐全的生产—服务—销售服务网络。 18(C 意大利东北部、中部地区和嵊州都属于以轻工业为主的新工业区。 19(B 美国东北部的五大湖地区煤铁资源丰富，在此基础上形成了匹兹堡钢铁基地。 20(B 匹兹堡为了重新复兴，主要从环境的整治和产业结构的调整方面着手，大力发展新兴工业和第三产业，压缩传统工业，治理环境污染是主要措施。 21(B 宝钢位于上海，位置优越，海运便利，生产技术先进，市场广阔。 22(B 提高资源的利用率、加快国内资源勘探与开发可以减少对国外铁矿石的依赖程度。 23((1)飞机生产结构复杂、零部件种类繁多，不可能在同一地区生产，因此零部件生产厂分布在不同地方。(6分) (2)可以因地制宜，利用各地的优势，扬长避短，降低生产成本，提高经济效益。(4分) (3)现代化的交通运输方式、现代化的通信技术和手段以及商业贸易等。(4分) 24((1)动力 附近有煤矿和铝土矿，原料、燃料丰富;靠近河流，水源充足;临近公路，交通运输便利;位于距城市较远的郊外、河流下游，对城市环境污染较小。(6分) (2)接近大学城，科技力量较强;交通运输便利;距重工业区较远，污染小;位于河流上游，环境条件好。(4分) (3)东北风 建设绿化带或卫生防护带。(4分) 25((1)充分利用公共设施，减少基本建设投资;节约运输成本，降低能源消耗;废弃物集中处理，提高资源利用效率;利于开展生产协作，促进技术创新。(6分) (2)临海，有丰富的海盐资源;曹妃甸所属的唐山是我国重要的优质煤产区;便利的海运，方便原料与产品的运输;依托京津唐工业区，拥有先进的科学技术;劳动力资源丰富;国家 11 政策的支持。(6分) 26((1)煤炭和水资源丰富;发展历史悠久，生产技术先进;水、陆交通便利;区域经济发达，市场广阔。(6分) (2)煤炭开采减少;高速公路线增加;大学、科研机构增加。(4分) (3)调整工业布局;改造传统工业，发展新兴工业和第三产业，促进经济结构多样化;治理环境污染，保护和改善环境;发展科技，繁荣经济;发展完善现代交通运输网。(合理即可，6分) 12 (七) 1(C 图中信息:甲适宜短途且运量小是公路，乙是航空，丙是铁路，丁是水运。 2(B 甲是公路，适宜短途、小批量货物运输;集成电路重量轻，价值高，北京,拉萨运距长，所以空运最好;山区宜首先发展公路运输;中国最重要的运输方式是铁路。 3(C 株洲市位于我国京广线与湘黔线的交汇处，是我国重要的铁路枢纽。 4(B 武广高铁的通车有利于湖南省承接劳动密集型企业，可极大促进湖南湖北旅游业的发展，武广高铁的修建与湖北商品棉基地建设和沿线矿产资源的开发关系不大。 5(C 以桥代路的目的有:减少占用土地，减少对沿线城镇、居民区的影响，减轻对环境的影响，保护野生动物的迁徙路线等。 6(C 西藏墨脱县位于喜马拉雅山脉的南麓，地形复杂、地质灾害多发是公路建设的最大难度。 7(B 墨脱县境内雅鲁藏布江河段由于落差大，水流急，不适合发展航运。 8(B 墨脱公路建成后能改善该地区的交通条件，但该公路并非是进藏旅游的通道。公路建成后，可以加强对外物资和文化交流，将资源优势转化为经济优势，但可能对生态环境造成破坏。 9(B 图示公路位于山区，山区坡度较陡地区公路呈“之”字形走向，主要是考虑地形因素，以减小公路的坡度。 10(B 公路运输主要承担短途客、货运输。具有机动灵活、适应性强的优点，可以实现“门到门”直达运输。公路运输原始投资少，资金周转快，但是运量较小，运输成本较高。 11(A 交通作为经济发展的先行和基础，加快构筑现代化的区域综合交通网络体系，尽快形成联系区域内主要城市间的快速交通大通道主骨架，是经济一体化最重要的基础。 12(B 图中显示的是包括京、津、冀三省市为主要的战略对象的大区级综合运输网。 13(B 图中城市形态主要沿铁路和公路布局，天津形成的早期得益于港口，后发展了多种形式的交通;随着区域经济一体化，城市间的分工与合作更加鲜明，区域产业和城镇空间布局也将会改变。 14(C 由材料可知，交通运输条件的变化极大地影响了德州城市的发展。 15(B 交通条件对德州空间形态的影响很大，德州的发展轴是由运河、铁路、公路共同构成的;铁路和京杭运河的变化对德州城市空间形态的影响起到重要作用，其城市形态可能会沿交通线发展成条带状。 16(A 图中实线高峰是7时和18时，很明显是上下班交通高峰车流;图中虚线无明显的高峰，从9时至20时此类交通流量明显增多，应该是购物交通车流。 17(C 公共交通具有占用道路资源少、运输量大的优点，优先发展公交，有利于缓解城市交通拥堵。 18(B 义乌位于浙江省中部，浙赣线上，交通便利。且浙江经济发达，有广阔稳定的商品来源与销售区。在国家及当地政府的大力支持下，形成了世界最大规模的小商品批发市场。 19(A 义乌位于浙赣线上，小商品可经浙赣线到向塘转京九线直达深圳。 20(C 由图中信息可知，商业中心均分布于城市交通干线两侧。 21(D 商业中心位于区域核心位置，商业网点多分散于居民区和广大乡村。商业中心对交通要求更高，商业中心所经营的商品种类更多，专业性更强。 22(C 随着人们出行范围扩大，出现了大型购物休闲中心。网上购物离不开交通运输，不会减轻交通运输压力。商业步行街一般在交通便利的市中心，而不是在居民区内。 23((1)铁路、水路。 公路。公路运输在短距离运输速度快，成本低，而且机动灵活;济南与青岛的距离较近，活鱼较容易死亡变质，需要较快地运达目的地;现代冷藏技术的提高和冷藏设备在公路运输中得以广泛应用。(6分) (2)这种说法是不够准确的。由图可知，随着距离的变化，各种运输方式的运输成本并不是一成不变的。其中，短距离运输，公路运输的运费最低;长距离运输，水路运输的运费最低。(6分) (3)通过大秦铁路将煤炭运至秦皇岛港，再装船走海运，再走长江水运至武汉。(4分) 13 24((1)背斜，盆地。(2分) (2)位于河流交汇处，交通便利，水资源丰富;地形平坦，土壤肥沃，农业基础较好。(6分) (3)铁路沿河谷走，河谷地区地势较低平。 未来甲镇的形态最可能沿铁路线分布，呈条带状。(6分) 25((1)分布特点:交通线和城市沿汾河谷地分布。原因:这里地处黄土高原上的丘陵山区，山区河谷地带地形比较平坦开阔，利于城市建设，交通便利;河谷平原，土壤肥沃，便于农耕，可满足城市的需求。(6分) (2)差别:西部靠近太行山的铁路线上的城市较多，且规模较大;东部铁路线上城市少，规模小。原因:交通线建设在山地与平原交界地带的冲积扇上，即可免除洪水之灾，又避开崎岖地形。且这一地区土壤肥沃，水分条件好，是农业发达地区，城市形成早、发展历史久、规模大;东部水分、土壤条件较差，不利于农业发展，城市形成晚，数量少、规模小。(合理即可6分) 26((1)自东南向西北先增加，后减少。 福建西北部地处武夷山脉的迎风地带，受夏季东南季风影响多地形雨，降水比沿海多;武夷山脉至向塘地处东南季风的背风地带，且相对距海较远，降水减少。(6分) (2)地形、地质条件复杂;河流众多;多暴雨。(4分) (3)加快内陆与福建沿海港口城市对接，拓展莆田港口经济腹地;加速区域经济整合、优势互补、资源共享，促进闽赣等省经济的可持续发展;优化完善区域快速铁路网布局。(4分) 14 (八) 1(D 从图中可以看出19世纪50年代以来，全球气温波动变化，后期呈明显上升趋势;20世纪70年代以后全球每十年的气温距平都高于前十年，说明气候比前十年更暖。 2(C 上图反映出的环境问题是全球变暖，全球变暖对热带地区影响较小，不会导致热带雨林大面积死亡，同时，全球变暖对中高纬地区的农业发展是有益的，会使农业增产。 3(C 从图中云彩和水的化学符号可以判断出该漫画反映的是水资源短缺问题。 4(B 人口稠密、经济发达、降水偏少的华北地区是我国水资源最短缺的地区。 5(B 咸海地处内陆地区，气候干旱，从注入咸海的河流中大量引水灌溉，使入湖水量减少，这是造成咸海面积不断缩小的最主要人为原因;全球变暖，蒸发加剧是咸海面积缩小的自然原因。 6(D 为了“挽救”咸海，该地区应改进耕作和灌溉方式，减少引用注入咸海的河水。 7(C 工业、生活排放的污水不会造成空气污染，城市生活垃圾主要为固体废弃物污染。 8(C 大力发展公共交通，可以减少城市车辆的数量，减轻交通产生的大气污染;鼓励购买家庭轿车，会加重交通压力，增加交通带来的大气污染;合理布局工业可减轻大气污染;优化能源结构，提高能源利用效率，可减少能源使用过程中产生的大气污染。 9(B 因地制宜主张产生于中国古代农业文明时期。 10(A 从图中可以看出垃圾分类处理后，垃圾资源得到充分利用，废弃物的排放量大大减少。 11(C 垃圾分类处理有利环境的保护和资源的利用，这体现了持续性原则。 12(A 由于关中地区的资源供给总量不变，要协调该地的人地矛盾，就要控制人口数 减轻人口压力。 量、提高人口素质、 13(D 涵养水源、美化环境、调节气候均为森林的生态功能，森林不能净化水体。 14(C 要实现林业的可持续发展，既要保护好森林资源，又要充分挖掘森林资源的潜力，促进当地经济的发展;多购买和使用木质产品会导致森林资源的破坏，不利于林业的可持续发展。 15(D 由题干可知，该思想主张人类应主动谋求与自然地理环境的和谐共生，使人地关系得到协调发展。 16(C “珠三角”地区的桑基鱼塘就是充分利用自然资源达到人地协调发展的农业生产方式。 17(D 丙地为甲地提供果品，说明丙为林果业;丁地为甲地提供蛋奶肉，说明丁为畜牧业;在此基础上可以判断出甲为农家乐，乙为庭院经济。 18(D 从模式图中可以看出废弃物得到充分利用，减少了废弃物的排放。 19(A 人口的增加和经济的发展，导致河流上游用水量大增，致使绿洲面积不断缩小。 20(D 恢复自然植被与合理用水、提高水资源的利用率都是改善西北地区生态环境的有效方法。 21(D 熄灯一小时活动可节省的能源和减排的CO2数量有限，其主要目的为唤起人们对全球气候变化的关注，养成良好的生活习惯。 22(C 四项措施中只有大力推广水电等绿色能源才利于减少温室气体的排放，抑制全球变暖。 23((1)全球变暖 D(2分) (2)共同性 公平(2分) (3)减产地区主要分布在低纬度，增产区域集中在北半球中高纬度地区。(4分) (4)发达国家二氧化碳的排放总量高于发展中国家，发达国家人均二氧化碳排放量远高于发展中国家，历史上发达国家累积排放量远高于发展中国家。(6分) 24((1)(4分) 15 (2)a d(2分) (3)主要分布于我国南方地区。 提高能源利用效率;开发利用新能源，提高清洁能源消费比重;发展和利用清洁燃烧技术;调整产业结构，发展循环经济;严格执行国家相关法律法规等。(答案合理即可，8分) 25((1)世界:北非、西亚、南亚、中亚和东亚等地区。 我国:华北地区。(4分) (2)发电、工业生产排放的废气，汽车尾气。(4分) (3)控制污染源;节约能源，提高能源利用率;调整能源消费结构，推广使用清洁能源;植树种草，增加绿化面积;加强监控与管理。(答案合理即可，6分) 26((1)甲代表林地，乙代表耕地，丙代表湿地。(3分) (2)耕地面积大量增加，湿地面积大量减少。 湿地面积减少，调节水量的功能下降，旱涝灾害加重，同时生物多样性减少。(5分) (3)退耕还林、还湿地，改善生态环境;加大科技投入，提高粮食单产;大力发展养殖业和农产品加工业。(答案合理即可，6分) 16 (九) 1(A 我国服装行业在销售管理方面的薪酬居高，说明我国服装行业注重发展营销业务。 2(C 我国人口众多，具有廉价劳动力优势，所以生产管理薪酬较低。 3(C 纺织工业是服装工业的上游企业，两者之间具有投入产出联系，是工业联系的突出的表现。 4(A 从我国服装出口额的变化来看，我国服装产业生产规模在不断扩大。 5(C 从钢铁总厂内的分厂来看，企业之间具有投入产出联系，企业聚集的一起的主要目的是为了节省运费，降低生产成本，从而提高利润。 6(B 宝山钢铁厂位于上海市，处在沪宁杭工业基地，具有市场广阔，技术先进，交通便利的优势条件，但矿产资源及能源缺乏。 7(B 宝钢成为工业旅游景区，厂区内绿化率高，清洁生产，将是吸引游客的有利条件。上海市风力发电量较小，不可能取代火电，由于宝钢没有矿产资源，所以不存在矿区复垦问题。 8(B 工业分散的最终目的是充分利用各地的优势区位，以降低生产成本，获得最大利润。 9(A 选项中属于地域联系方式的是邮电通信、商业贸易和交通运输。 10(B 图中?处既可减少火电厂带来的污染，又靠近铁路线，便于煤炭的运输。 11(A 人口密度越大，污染的危害越严重。因此要研究该污染的危害程度必须了解人口分布密度信息。该种污染物的污染程度与交通、地质、近期规划无关。 12(B 图中的商店位于国道或城市干道的两侧，符合交通最优原则。 13(A 人们买菜一般选择在下班之后，乙地位于下班人流方向的右侧，所以人们到乙地购买蔬菜比甲地更方便。 14(A 随着京广、石德、石太等铁路线的修建，石家庄由一个小村庄逐渐发展成一个人口超过100万的特大城市，可见铁路的修建和发展是石家庄市形成的主要因素。 15(A 材料中正定市和石家庄市的不同发展结果说明，一个地区交通干线的变化，会影响城市发展。 16(B 由图可看出耕地面积大幅增加、居民地略增、湖泊面积大幅减少，由此可知该地土地利用变化的主要原因是围湖造田。 17(A 结合河套平原某地的经纬度信息可知该地为干旱半干旱区，大量引水灌溉易导致土地次生盐碱化加剧。 18(C 在干旱半干旱区最适合发展节水灌溉农业。 19(C 世界环境日是由联合国大会决议产生的，由“世界地球日”的宗旨可知，其体现了可持续发展的共同性原则。 20(A 从漫画内容可以看出，人类在开采矿产资源的同时，加强对矿山的绿化工作，确保不对环境造成破坏。这种做法对子孙后代是有利的，体现了代际公平的原则。 21(C 图片中反映的环境问题依次是植被破坏、水土流失、大气污染和固体废弃物排放，其中大气污染和固体废弃物排放是由人类排放废弃物和有害物质超过环境自净能力造成的。 22(A 自然资源衰竭问题包括森林、矿产等资源的减少和破坏。 23((1)商品谷物农业 国营农场(2分) (2)气候干旱，降水少;海拔高，地形起伏大，平地少;土壤贫瘠。(任答两点，2分) (3)总耕地面积小，总产量少;人口众多，粮食消费量大，余粮少，商品率低。(4分) (4)A地区闲置土地面积较大;两国政策的支持;A地区土地租金较低;国内外农产品市场需求量大;中国人均耕地少，劳动力充足。(6分) 24((1)河谷地势平坦，铁路线沿河谷延伸。 城市布局在河谷沿岸平原地带，呈组团式沿河谷呈带状分布。(6分) (2)地形平坦开阔;位于最大风频的下风向，有河流将工业区与城区分隔开，对城区污染较小;工业区位于城市河流上游，对水源造成一定的污染。(6分) (3)发展水电工业，发展旅游业。(其他答案合理即可，2分) 25((1)位于河流交汇处，水运便利，水资源丰富;河流沿岸地形平坦，土壤肥沃，农业发达。(4分) 17 (2)1950,1980年间，客货以铁路运输为主，河运相对落后了，所以城市的商业中心转到了火车站附近的公路交叉路口处。(4分) (3)随着城市的发展壮大，两河之间的?区已成为主城区，随各种交通运输方式的发展，?所在地交通更加便捷。因此，商业中心向?地转移，且规模扩大。(6分) 26((1)造成水体污染，河流水体富营养化，破坏水体生态环境，影响水生生物的生存，使生物多样性减少，影响工农业生产，甚至危害人体健康。(4分) (2)麻丝织布厂、印染厂、服装厂。 生产工序上的联系。(4分) (3)减少污染，环境效益突出;增加产品种类及废物利用，增加经济收益;农业生产与工业加工相结合，增加就业。(6分) 18 (十) 1(A 若年增长率为正值，说明劳动适龄人口比重在上升，年增长率越大，比重上升的幅度越大。若年增长率为负值，说明劳动适龄人口比重在下降，年增长率的绝对值越大，比重下降的幅度越大;年增长率的绝对值越小，比重下降的幅度越小。若年增长率为零，说明劳动适龄人口比重达到最大，但具体劳动适龄人口数量不一定达到最大值。因此，C项明显错误;B项2035年劳动适龄人口比重年增长率达到最低值，但具体劳动适龄人口数量不一定最少;D项应该是1980年劳动适龄人口比重为最低值。 2(C 20世纪后半期我国每年新增人口多，致使2010年前我国劳动适龄人口比重上升。2010年后劳动适龄人口比重下降与人口老龄化有关。由于人口增加较多，目前，我国劳动力就业形势仍十分严峻。劳动适龄人口比重年增长率低于零，说明劳动适龄人口比重在下降，但不表示具体劳动适龄人口数量在减少，故短时间内不会导致劳动力严重不足。 3(D 据图中经纬度可推断，甲位于四川盆地，乙位于长三角地区、丙位于珠三角地区;据此可知，人口主要由甲地迁往乙、丙两地。 4(A 乙、丙两地经济发达，工资水平高，甲地经济相对落后，工资水平低，由于经济收入的差异引起甲地人口向乙、丙两地迁移。 5(C 交通条件对二手房价格和新房房价影响程度的权重均低，是因为该区域交通条件好，交通因素不再是影响该地房价的主要限制因素。 6(B 基础设施对二手房价格影响比重较低;两类房价受地理位置影响相差不大;人口状况的影响相差很大;第二幅图中环境质量所占权重最高。 7(C 根据表中数据分析可得，阿根廷、韩国城市人口比重高，南非是非洲经济最发达的国家，城市人口比重和人均GDP数值均高于印度，故?国应该是印度。 8(C ?国城市人口占总人口的比重和人均GDP增长速度快，第二、三产业的迅速发展能使人均GDP迅速提高，也带动了城市化的快速发展。 9(D 蔬菜生产基地的选择最主要的是考虑自然条件(光、热、水、土等)能否满足蔬菜生长的需求。丁地是四川省纬度最低处，热量丰富，四季如春，最适宜发展蔬菜生产。 10(C 注意各曲线之间的关系，在OE之间x作物的收益最高，EH之间y作物的收益最高，H之外z作物的收益最高。 11(C 依据农业人口比重、农业产值占生产总值比重及畜牧业产值比重可推知?为阿根廷，?为马来西亚，?为美国，?为中国。世界上最大的商品谷物生产和出口国是美国。 12(A 阿根廷的潘帕斯草原发展了大牧场放牧业，世界闻名。 13(D 逆城市化最可能出现在工业化水平高、城市化水平高的国家和地区。图中?国家从事制造业人口比重最大，人均GDP最高，是四个国家中最发达的一个，最可能出现逆城市化。 14(B 根据箭头指向，该趋势表示从事制造业的人口比重不断增大。因此箭头最可能表示人口迁移。 15(C 将五城市每项指标排名相加，深圳综合排名居首位，是竞争力最强的城市。 16(D 据题目材料可知，服务外包业包出去的是“非核心的业务”，使包出企业专注核心技术的研究，以加快产品的更新换代。 17(B 由图中信息可知，b聚落位于河流交汇及公路、铁路交会处，相对于其他三个聚落交通更加便利，因此最有可能先发展为城市。 18(C 图中的聚落以靠近铁路线和河流分布为主。 19(C 在马铃薯的商业贸易中，利用邮电通信、互联网传递商业信息，利用陆上运输(公路或铁路)进行商品运输。 20(B 所谓“白色污染”，是人们对塑料垃圾污染环境的一种形象称谓。城市中主要是废旧塑料包装袋、一次性塑料餐具，农村主要是废旧农用薄膜。 21(B 使用新型快餐盒可以减少白色污染。 22(D 联系生产过程，从原料来源和产品去向寻找突破口，运用循环经济原理来分析。a来自于生活污水，去向是尾水，因此是污水处理厂;b的产品是棉布，故应为棉纺织;d的产品是服装，故应为服装生产;c是通过服装 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 为服装生产提供服务，故应为创意产业。 19 23((1)C(2分) (2)不断提高 地域(地区、区域)(4分) (3)人口增长过快 人口过多 人口老龄化 一方面要解决青少年的生活、学习、就业等问题;另一方面还要负担老人的赡养，加重国家、人民的负担。(6分) 24((1)城市化能带动区域经济发展;经济发展能促进城市化进程。(4分) (2)城市化水平不断上升，近年来上升速度加快;东、中、西三大经济地带区域差异明显加大;城市数量增多，其中中小城市数量增加速度较快，从城市构成上看，仍以中小城市为主。(6分) (3)合理理由:大城市在经济、环境、社会等许多方面的集聚效益和规模效益高于中小城市，且大城市服务范围广，功能强;对区域经济和社会发展的辐射和带动作用强。(不合理理由:集中发展大城市不利于国家或区域的整体发展，导致区域发展失衡;大城市发展过快，人口过多，会导致许多城市病，如交通拥挤、房价过高等现象。)(6分) 25((1)多分布于西北、东北、华北及大城市周围。 饲料和市场。(4分) (2)自然条件:西欧温带海洋性气候分布广，气候温和湿润，有利于多汁牧草生长;且地形以平原为主，适合乳畜业大规模发展。社会经济条件:西欧城市化水平高;饮食结构中乳畜品占重要地位，乳畜产品市场广大。(6分) (3)增加乳畜业生产的科技投入，培育良种奶牛，提高现代化水平;加强市场监管，确保产品质量。(4分) 26((1)只重视经济的发展，不重视对环境的保护与治理，以牺牲环境为代价换取经济发展。(4分) (2)减少资源消耗，提高资源利用率;减少污染物的排放，避免“先污染后治理”的发展模式，促进经济、社会和生态的协调发展。(4分) (3)加强技术革新改造，治理污染;发展循环经济，节约资源，减少污染;加强宣传，提高人们的环境意识;加强法律法规建设，依法治污，走生态、经济、社会协调发展之路。(任答三点，合理即可，6分) 20 ,英文版 , Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist 21 Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too 22 complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest 23 administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and 24 Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party 25 characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the 26 < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations 27 governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, 28 more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the 29 content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and 30 other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were 31 made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party 32 constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the 33 disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates 34 the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party 35 organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic 36 theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted 37 action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the 38 circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence 39 Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental 40 organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction 41 within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting 42 the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity 43 violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > 44 severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new 45 regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively 46 serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was 47 significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity 48 in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of 49 excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the 50 party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance 51 with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior 52 punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule 53 moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager 54 maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic 55 life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. 56 Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high 57 standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new 58 roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended 59 supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check 60 the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations. 61