历年诺贝尔化学奖

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012 Robert J. Lefkowitz, Brian K. Kobilka The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012 Robert J. Lefkowitz · Biographical · Nobel Lecture · Interview · Photo Gallery · Other Resources Brian K. Kobilka · Biographical · Nobel Lecture · Interview · Photo Gallery · Other Resources Photo: Stewart Waller/PR Newswire. © HHMI Photo: © Stanford University Robert J. Lefkowitz Brian K. Kobilka The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012 was awarded jointly to Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011 Dan Shechtman The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Dan Shechtman Photo: U. Montan Dan Shechtman The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011 was awarded to Dan Shechtman "for the discovery of quasicrystals". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010 Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Richard F. Heck Ei-ichi Negishi Akira Suzuki Photo: U. Montan Photo: U. Montan Photo: U. Montan Richard F. Heck Ei-ichi Negishi Akira Suzuki The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010 was awarded jointly to Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki "for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz, Ada E. Yonath The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Venkatraman Ramakrishnan Thomas A. Steitz Ada E. Yonath Photo: U. Montan Photo: U. Montan Photo: U. Montan Venkatraman Ramakrishnan Thomas A. Steitz Ada E. Yonath The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 was awarded jointly to Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Y. Tsien The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Osamu Shimomura Martin Chalfie Roger Y. Tsien Photo: U. Montan Photo: U. Montan Photo: U. Montan Osamu Shimomura Martin Chalfie Roger Y. Tsien The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 was awarded jointly to Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007 Gerhard Ertl The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Gerhard Ertl Photo: U. Montan Gerhard Ertl The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007 was awarded to Gerhard Ertl "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006 Roger D. Kornberg The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Roger D. Kornberg Photo: Stanford University Roger D. Kornberg The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006 was awarded to Roger D. Kornberg "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005 Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Yves Chauvin Robert H. Grubbs Richard R. Schrock Photo: U. Montan Photo: R. Paz Photo: L.B. Hetherington Yves Chauvin Robert H. Grubbs Richard R. Schrock The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005 was awarded jointly to Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock "for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004 Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Aaron Ciechanover Avram Hershko Irwin Rose Photo: D. Porges Photo: D. Porges Aaron Ciechanover Avram Hershko Irwin Rose The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004 was awarded jointly to Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003 Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Peter Agre Roderick MacKinnon Peter Agre Roderick MacKinnon The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003 was awarded "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes" jointly with one half to Peter Agre "for the discovery of water channels" and with one half to Roderick MacKinnon "for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002 John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony John B. Fenn Koichi Tanaka Kurt Wüthrich John B. Fenn Koichi Tanaka Kurt Wüthrich The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002 was awarded "for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules" with one half jointly to John B. Fenn and Koichi Tanaka "for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules" and the other half to Kurt Wüthrich "for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001 William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony William S. Knowles Ryoji Noyori K. Barry Sharpless William S. Knowles Ryoji Noyori K. Barry Sharpless The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001 was divided, one half jointly to William S. Knowles and Ryoji Noyori "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions" and the other half to K. Barry Sharpless "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000 Alan Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Alan Heeger Alan G. MacDiarmid Hideki Shirakawa Alan J. Heeger Alan G. MacDiarmid Hideki Shirakawa The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000 was awarded jointly to Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid and Hideki Shirakawa "for the discovery and development of conductive polymers". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999 Ahmed Zewail The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Ahmed Zewail Ahmed H. Zewail The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999 was awarded to Ahmed Zewail "for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998 Walter Kohn, John Pople The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Walter Kohn John Pople Walter Kohn John A. Pople The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998 was divided equally between Walter Kohn "for his development of the density-functional theory" and John A. Pople "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997 Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Paul D. Boyer John E. Walker Jens C. Skou Paul D. Boyer John E. Walker Jens C. Skou The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997 was divided, one half jointly to Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" and the other half to Jens C. Skou "for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996 Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold Kroto, Richard E. Smalley The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Robert F. Curl Jr. Sir Harold Kroto Richard E. Smalley Robert F. Curl Jr. Sir Harold W. Kroto Richard E. Smalley The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996 was awarded jointly to Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold W. Kroto and Richard E. Smalley "for their discovery of fullerenes". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994 George A. Olah The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony George A. Olah George A. Olah The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994 was awarded to George A. Olah "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993 Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Kary B. Mullis Michael Smith Kary B. Mullis Michael Smith The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993 was awarded "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry" jointly with one half to Kary B. Mullis "for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method"and with one half to Michael Smith "for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992 Rudolph A. Marcus The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Rudolph A. Marcus Rudolph A. Marcus The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992 was awarded to Rudolph A. Marcus "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991 Richard R. Ernst The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Richard R. Ernst Richard R. Ernst The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991 was awarded to Richard R. Ernst "for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990 Elias James Corey The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Elias James Corey Elias James Corey The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990 was awarded to Elias James Corey "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989 Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Sidney Altman Thomas R. Cech Sidney Altman Thomas R. Cech The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989 was awarded jointly to Sidney Altman and Thomas R. Cech "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988 Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Johann Deisenhofer Robert Huber Hartmut Michel Johann Deisenhofer Robert Huber Hartmut Michel The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988 was awarded jointly to Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber and Hartmut Michel "for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987 Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Donald J. Cram Jean-Marie Lehn Charles J. Pedersen Donald J. Cram Jean-Marie Lehn Charles J. Pedersen The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987 was awarded jointly to Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn and Charles J. Pedersen "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986 Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Dudley R. Herschbach Yuan T. Lee John C. Polanyi Dudley R. Herschbach Yuan T. Lee John C. Polanyi The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986 was awarded jointly to Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985 Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Herbert A. Hauptman Jerome Karle Herbert A. Hauptman Jerome Karle The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985 was awarded jointly to Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures" Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984 Bruce Merrifield The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Bruce Merrifield Robert Bruce Merrifield The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984 was awarded to Bruce Merrifield "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983 Henry Taube The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Henry Taube Henry Taube The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983 was awarded to Henry Taube "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982 Aaron Klug The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Aaron Klug Aaron Klug The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982 was awarded to Aaron Klug "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Kenichi Fukui Roald Hoffmann Kenichi Fukui Roald Hoffmann The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 was awarded jointly to Kenichi Fukui and Roald Hoffmann "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions" Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Paul Berg Walter Gilbert Frederick Sanger Paul Berg Walter Gilbert Frederick Sanger The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 was divided, one half awarded to Paul Berg"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA", the other half jointly to Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979 Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Herbert C. Brown Georg Wittig Herbert C. Brown Georg Wittig The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979 was awarded jointly to Herbert C. Brown and Georg Wittig "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis" Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978 Peter Mitchell The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Peter Mitchell Peter D. Mitchell The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978 was awarded to Peter Mitchell "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977 Ilya Prigogine The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Ilya Prigogine Ilya Prigogine The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977 was awarded to Ilya Prigogine "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976 William Lipscomb The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony William Lipscomb William N. Lipscomb The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976 was awarded to William Lipscomb "for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975 John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony John Cornforth Vladimir Prelog John Warcup Cornforth Vladimir Prelog The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975 was divided equally between John Warcup Cornforth "for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions"and Vladimir Prelog "for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974 Paul J. Flory The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Paul J. Flory Paul J. Flory The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974 was awarded to Paul J. Flory "for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973 Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Ernst Otto Fischer Geoffrey Wilkinson Ernst Otto Fischer Geoffrey Wilkinson The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973 was awarded jointly to Ernst Otto Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds" Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972 Christian Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Stein The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972 Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Christian Anfinsen Stanford Moore William H. Stein Christian B. Anfinsen Stanford Moore William H. Stein The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972 was divided, one half awarded to Christian B. Anfinsen "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation", the other half jointly to Stanford Moore and William H. Stein "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971 Gerhard Herzberg The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971 Gerhard Herzberg Gerhard Herzberg The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971 was awarded to Gerhard Herzberg "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970 Luis Leloir The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970 Luis Leloir Luis F. Leloir The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970 was awarded to Luis Leloir "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969 Derek Barton, Odd Hassel The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969 Derek Barton Odd Hassel Derek H. R. Barton Odd Hassel The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969 was awarded jointly to Derek H. R. Barton and Odd Hassel "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry" Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968 Lars Onsager The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968 Lars Onsager Lars Onsager The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968 was awarded to Lars Onsager "for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes". Photos: Copyright © The Nobel Foundation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967 Manfred Eigen, Ronald G.W. Norrish, George Porter