CET-6(六级)复习必看

六级备考指南（2012 年 2月寒假整理版） （壹） 六级听力阅读备考策略 在近些年的听力当中，分为 short conversation 、passage（含 long conversation）、compound diction 四大部分 短对话：基本上是听到什么不选什么，经常进行同义替换； 长对话：一般是重视开头和结尾，听到什么一般选择什么； 复合式听写：注意单词的形式； 应对 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 ：将近 5 年的真题反复联系，做到背诵听力原文，没有生词。 （贰）六级阅读理解四大备考策略 作者：宋鹏昊 作为英语考试中的传统考 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 型，阅读理解在六级考试中同样占据了很大的比重，同听力一样，阅读 理解占到了整个考试 35%的分数，从而成为决定是否能够顺利通过考试的重要因素。本文结合作者多年教 学经验，从六级阅读的备考、解题等方面，为学生提供四条至关重要的备考策略。 一、六级阅读理解的考查形式 对于六级考试中任何一个题型的准备，我们首先应当对其考查形式有足够的了解，同时把握住这类题 目的难点和突破口所在，人们总是难于把握未知的事物，当对一个考试、一类题型有了充分的了解时，顺 利地解决问题也就水到渠成。 1、快速阅读（Skimming and scanning） 考生需要用 15 分钟的时间阅读一篇 1000-1200 词的文章，回答后面的 10 道问题，每道题目占整张试 卷 1%的分数，总共占 10%，位于整张试卷的第二个题型，在写作部分之后考查，在答题卡 1 上作答。 2、深度阅读（Reading in depth） 总共包括两部分，答题时间为 25 分钟，占整张试卷 25%的分数。 第一部分：以阅读文章后回答问题的方式进行考查，文章数为一篇，共 5 道题目，占试卷 5%的分数。 第二部分：传统的 4 选 1 题型，共两篇文章，文章长度在 380—420 之间，每道题目占试卷 2%的分数， 10 道题目共占 20%的分数，是阅读理解部分考查的重点，也是考生在复习备考过程中最为重要的一个部分。 二、六级阅读四大备考策略 策略一：在真题中扫清词汇障碍： 很多同学通过背词汇书记忆单词，每天制定 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 ，却鲜有人能坚持把词汇书背完或是在文章中反应出 词汇的含义。多数同学在面对六级考查的文章时，会发现里面许多词汇似是而非，知道自己曾经遇到过却 无法明确地反应出意思，从而影响了自己的阅读速度。一个比较健康的词汇记忆原则是：首先通过词汇书 的学习对单词有初步印象，然后通过阅读真题的学习最终记住词汇，考前可以通过整理核心词的方式来进 行这部分的复习，即按照年代和篇章的序列，在本子上记下每篇文章中的核心词汇，如： 2007.06 Passage One refrain 重复 n economy 经济 n statistically 在统计数字上 adv promote 促进 v appearance 出现 n 按照这种思路将每篇文章中自己似是而非的词汇进行整理，考前可以对真题中的词汇有一个更为明确 的把握，而对于整张试卷而言，建议考生把最近 10 套真题中听力长对话、听力短文、阅读理解 4 选 1、完 形填空这四个题型中的词汇按照这一方式进行整理，然后逐个扫清词汇障碍。 策略二：阅读中学会对句子内容的取舍 六级阅读文章均是由 N 个段落构成，而每个段落包括若干句话，因此如果能将一个段落中所包含的几 句话搞清楚，段落和文章的含义也就更容易掌握。对于难句的分析，我们平时往往通过提取主干的方式进 行，即重点把握句子的主谓宾结构，而对定状补成分进行忽略。而在具体考试过程中，考生往往没有足够 的时间和精力对句子的成分进行逐个分析，因此在这里推荐一种更为简单的方式：通过逗号对句子内容进 行取舍。例如，In a recent survey, XXXXXX. 在这个句子中，我们看到的是“在一项最近的调查中，XXXXXXX。” 以逗号为分界点将句子一分为二，我们不难发现逗号前面的内容其实并不是重要信息，而后面具体描写在 调查中出现的情况才是真正的重点。结合以往考题，我们会发现，定语从句、状语从句的内容往往是次要 信息，转折词（如：but/yet/however）后的信息是重要信息，让步词（如：in spite of/despite/though/although） 后的信息是次要信息。 例如：You hear the refrain all the time: the U.S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesn’t feel good. 本句中 You hear the refrain all the time 中 refrain 一词考生或许不熟悉，但由于之后出现了冒号， 说明冒号后的内容是对其进行解释，因此着重看后面即可。后面的句子中 statistically 一词或许是考试不熟 悉的词汇，但由于之后出现了逗号并紧跟着出现 but，因此最重要信息为 it doesn’t feel good，根据句子， it 指代的内容是 the U.S. economy，因此很明显本句是对 the U.S. economy 所做的负性评价。 By unreservedly owning up to their country's monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize (使...不得势) the neo- Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. 本句中出现了 By … , XXXXXXX. 这一结构，即通过……，XXXXXXX。在这一结构中，通过 By 后面给出 的方式所实现的内容才是最关键信息，因此最重要的应该是 Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize (使...不得势) the neo- Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors.这一部分，其中 managed to win acceptance 同 abroad marginalize (使...不得势) the neo- Nazis at home 以及 make peace with their neighbors 构成了并列关系，因此其中只需对一个进行精准把握即可，所以本句可通过 Germans have managed to win acceptance 这一部分得出句子的最主要含义：对德国人进行正性评价。 策略三：对阅读内容进行取舍和标记 六级阅读理解应考的目标是在 规定 关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定 时间内选出题目的正确选项，对解题速度要求较高，因此在阅读文 章的过程中我们应当尽可能地最快把握住某个句子、段落甚至整篇文章的最重要信息，按照文章的内容， 我们往往对以下内容进行取舍： 1、阅读内容的取舍 精读: 首段+各段首句 略读：数字/引言/例子/事实细节的列举或对比 跳读：插入语/对人名的修饰 （注： 插入语指句子成分间用两个逗号或两个破折号引起的成分，往往起解释说明作用，阅读时可以跳过。） 2、重要信息的标记： a 句间衔接处 this / that / it such yes / no b 逻辑关系处 but / yet / however / still c 感情色彩处 + - （即正性和负性评价） d 结论句式处 this means that / the conclusion is 通过例子，我们来看一下如何具体应用这些策略来加强对文章内容的分析： The New Zealand Life Sciences Network, an association of pro-GM scientists and organizations, says the view expressed by Elaine Ingham, a soil biologist at Oregon State University in Corvallis, was exaggerated and irresponsible. 本句中 The New Zealand Life Sciences Network 后面的部分 an association of pro-GM scientists and organizations 作为插入语出现，对前面内容进行解释说明，因此可以跳过，此外 Elaine Ingham 后面的成分 a soil biologist at Oregon State University in Corvallis 起同样的作用，因此也可以跳过，于是句子变成了 The New Zealand Life Sciences Network says the view expressed by Elaine Ingham was exaggerated and irresponsible. 也就是说 NZLS 这个机构认为 EI 这个人的观点是 exaggerated and irresponsible 的，最后两个词中，exaggerated 较为陌生，但由于后面是并列关系，因此只需理解 irresponsible 的意思即可，本词构成方式为 ir + responsible， 即在 responsible 之前加上否定前缀，因此 exaggerated and irresponsible 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示负性评价，所以本句的核心内 容是 NZLS 不同意 EI 的观点。 It’s often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich—overpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people’s incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. 本部分第三句出现转折词 But，因此不难判断 But 之后的内容更为重要，而 But over any meaningful period, most people’s incomes are increasing.一句中，逗号作为分界点，我们可以判断出后面的内容 更为重要，因此本句话核心意思是人们的收入增加，最后一句 From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200，出现数字作为对前一句内容中 increasing 的解 释出现，因此本部分核心内容为：人们收入增加 策略四：抓住六级阅读解题的两大命脉：定位+替换 （most important） 阅读理解作为一类极为客观的题目，其题目的命制要求正确答案在文章中必须有依有据，因此往往通 过对原文中内容进行同义转写的方式给出答案。并且近年来六级阅读均是以对文中具体细节信息的考查为 主，因此平时加强对题干和选项进行同义转写的训练便十分重要，因为这是在命制题目时采取的主要方式， 例如： Like most people, I've long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently. however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I'm treated as a person. 按照六级阅读考点的分布情况（转折、特殊标点、首末句），本段最后一句中出现 however 并且是末 句，并且其中还牵扯到指代关系词 it，非常适合作为考点来命制，因此在出题时采取的方式便是将其中一 部分作为题干出现，而剩余部分通过转写即为正确答案。题干为： 52. The author was disappointed to find that ____. 不难发现这正是原文中 I was disappointed to see that 的同义转写，I 对应 The author，disappointed to see 对应 disappointed to find，而答案部分便应该是 it also decides how I'm treated as a person 的同义转写，正确 答案：C) one's occupation affects the way one is treated as a person。该选项相当于将 it 还原为 one’s occupation，how I’m treated as a person 则对应 the way one is treated as a person。 英语六级考试阅读理解题策略 新东方六级阅读教师张一鑫 在大学英语六级考试中，阅读理解题占据分值比例为 35%，相比于听力理解题需要大量练习而言，对 于广大考生来说更容易突破一点，是为整个六级考试中决定成败的题目。值此考试临近，笔者将在本文中 给广大考生梳理一下阅读理解题的选项特征，以达到明确备考思路，有的放矢！ 通常来说，到这个阶段，考生已经把近年的真题都做过一大部分了，这时往往会出现慌乱，并开始去 做各种模拟题，这是笔者所不推荐的，笔者认为只有真题会对考试有针对性的指向。那这时如果再看真题 可能有的考生朋友会说：“答案都记住了，单词也背了，还有什么值得看的？”之类的问题，笔者建议还是 要看，要研究正确答案与文章的关系。 笔者认为，在六级阅读部分，正确答案与文章存在四种关系： 1. 原文再现； 2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换； 3. 语序调整同义替换； 4. 全文整体同义转换。 而六级的几个阅读问题分别对应方法如下： 快速阅读，平均每次考试有约八道题都属于 1.原文再现；2.结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换； 简答题，平均每次考试有约四道题属于 1.原文再现； 传统阅读，平均每次考试大部分属于 2.结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换和 3. 语序调整同义替换。少 数会出现 1. 原文再现和 4. 全文整体同义转换。 这个阶段看做过的题，笔者建议考生尽量把选项与文章进行对比，看看能不能把每个题的选项与文章 按以上关系对号入座。经过这样的思考，当我们再看到新题时，就会不由自主的给每个选项进行归类分析， 也就能相对更快的找出正确答案了。 下面，以 2010 年 12 月的六级阅读真题中的快速阅读和一篇传统阅读为例进行分析。 快速阅读： 1. In its 1994 report, the World Bank argued that the current pension s ystem in most countries could ______. ［A］ not be sustained in the long term ［B］ further accelerate the ageing process ［C］ hardly halt the growth of population ［D］ help tide over the current ageing crisis 来自文章中的这句： By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable. 由此可见，A 与原文说法最为接近，属于 2. 结构相同，而词语同义替换。把文章中的 unsustainable 换成了 not be sustained。 2. What message is conveyed in books like Young vs Old? ［A］ The generation gap is bound to narrow. ［B］ Intergenerational conflicts will intensify. ［C］ The younger generation will beat the old. ［D］ Old people should give way to the young. 来自文章的这句： They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare. 由此可见，B 与原文说法最为接近，属于 2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把文章中的 intergenerational warfare 替换成了 intergenerational conflicts。 3. One reason why pension and health care reforms are slow in coming is that ______. ［A］ nobody is willing to sacrifice their own interests to tackle the problem ［B］ most people are against measures that will not bear fruit immediately ［C］ the proposed reforms will affect too many people’s interests ［D］ politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election 来自文章中的这句： Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades. 由此可见，D 与原文说法最为接近，属于 2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把文章中 politicians with an eye on the next election 替换成了 politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election。 4. The author believes the most effective method to solve the pension crisis is to ______. ［A］ allow people to work longer ［C］ cut back on health care provisions ［B］ increase tax revenues ［D］ start reforms right away 来自文章中的这句： By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. 由此可见，A 项为最佳，属于 1. 原文再现。 5. The reason why employers are unwilling to keep older workers is that ______. ［A］ they are generally difficult to manage ［B］ the longer they work, the higher their pension ［C］ their pay is higher than that of younger ones ［D］ younger workers are readily available 来自文章中的这句： Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers’ choice. 由此可见，D 项与原文最接近，属于 2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的 plenty of younger ones to choose from 替换成了 younger workers are readily available。 6. To compensate for the fast-shrinking labour force, Japan would need ______. ［A］ to revise its current population control policy ［B］ large numbers of immigrants from overseas ［C］ to automate its manufacturing and service industries ［D］ a politically feasible policy concerning population 来自文章中的这句： Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. 由此可见，B 项最为接近原文，属于 2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的 a large multiple of the few immigrants 替换成了 large numbers of immigrants。 7. Why do many women in rich countries compromise by having only one child? ［A］ Small families are becoming more fashionable. ［B］ They find it hard to balance career and family. ［C］ It is too expensive to support a large family. ［D］ Child care is too big a problem for them. 来自文章中的这句： Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child. 由此可见，B 项最为接近原文，属于 2.结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的 combine family and career 替换成了 balance career and family。 传统阅读： 52. In the early 20th century Americans believed science and technology could _______. ［A］ solve virtually all existing problems ［C］ help raise people’s living standards B］ quicken the pace of industrialization ［D］ promote the nation’s social progress 来自文章中的这句： In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem. 由此可见，A 项最为接近原文，属于 2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的 offer solutions to almost every problem 替换成了 solve virtually all existing problems。 53. Why did many American scholars become enthusiastic about humanistic studies after World WarⅡ? ［A］ They wanted to improve their own status within the current education system. ［B］ They believed the stability of a society depended heavily on humanistic studies. ［C］ They could get financial support from various foundations for humanistic studies. ［D］ They realized science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world. 来自文章中的这句： Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War Ⅱ, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy. 由此可见，D 项与原文最为接近，属于 2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的 rocked the confidence „„ scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world 替换成了 science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world。 4. Why are American scholars worried about education today? ［A］ The STEM subjects are too challenging for students to learn. ［B］ Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic sciences. ［C］ America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines. ［D］ There are not enough scholars in humanistic studies. 来自文章中的这句： There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines. 由此可见，C 项最为接近原文，属于 2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换。把原文中的 falling 替换成 了 lagging，essential disciplines 指代上文中的 STEM disciplines。 55. What accounts for the significant decline in humanistic studies today? ［A］ Insufficient funding. ［C］ Shortage of devoted faculty. ［B］ Shrinking enrollment. ［D］ Dim prospects for graduates. 来自文章中的这句： At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities—while still popular in elite colleges and universities—have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. 由此可见，A 项与原文最接近，属于 2. 结构顺序相同，词语同义替换。把原文中的 underfunded 替换 成了 insufficient funding。 56. Why does the author attach so much importance to humanistic studies? ［A］ They promote the development of science and technology. ［B］ They help prepare students for their professional careers. ［C］ Humanistic thinking helps define our culture and values. ［D］ Humanistic thinking helps cultivate students’ creativity. 来自文章中的这句： But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. 由此可见，C 项与原文最为接近，属于 1. 原文再现。 明确了这些正确答案的特征再看新题，相信会给各位考生朋友一点启发。最后附上另一篇 2010 年 12 月的传统阅读题，以供大家训练一下。 Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton. Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn’t been born yet, or is a baby now. That’s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved. But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon. For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein’s day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare. Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he became a philosopher himself. “The independence created by philosophical insight is—in my opinion—the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker after truth,” Einstein wrote in 1944. And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem. Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren’t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical—and rewarding—efforts. “Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.” Especially considering what Einstein was proposing. “The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you’ll find the solution.” Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905. These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations. What might happen to such a submission today? “We all get papers like those in the mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file.” 注意： 此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。 57. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs? ［A］ Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits. ［B］ It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory. ［C］ No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years. ［D］ It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges. 58. What was critical to Einstein’s success? ［A］ His talent as an accomplished musician. ［B］ His independent and abstract thinking. ［C］ His untiring effort to fulfill his potential. ［D］ His solid foundation in math theory. 59. What does the author tell us about physicists today? ［A］ They tend to neglect training in analytical skills. ［B］ They are very good at solving practical problems. ［C］ They attach great importance to publishing academic papers. ［D］ They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits. 60. What does Brian Greene imply by saying “... it would be a lot harder for him to be heard” (Lines 1-2, Para. 9)? ［A］ People have to compete in order to get their papers published. ［B］ It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today. ［C］ Papers like Einstein’s would unlikely get published today. D］ Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories. 61. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _______. ［A］ forgot to make footnotes and citations ［B］ was little known in academic circles ［C］ was known as a young genius in math calculations ［D］ knew nothing about the format of academic papers 参考答案： 57. D）It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges （3. 语序调整同义替换） 58. B）His independent and abstract thinking （2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换 59. D）They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits （4. 全文整体同义转换） 60. C）Papers like Einstein’s would unlikely get published today （4. 全文整体同义转换） 61. B）was little known in academic circles （2. 结构顺序相同，而词语同义替换） 以上是对六级阅读理解部分的考查方式所进行的介绍以及几点备考策略，考生只有通过平日加强训 练，认真研究真题的规律，才能高效备考，高分通过六级考试。 长难句型突破 作者：宋鹏昊 仍然是按照考生坐在考场上进行语义理解时的语序进行撰写，材料取自 2010年 6月和 2009年 12月最新 六级真题阅读理解，望各位考生细致分析，不断提高自身读文章的实力。 1、Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use.可持续发展被应用于几乎所有事物上（从能源到洁净的水以及经济增长），因此质疑（其背后的 基本假设或是这个理念被加以应用的方式）变得很困难。 2、To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so .Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. 首先，记住（农业的性质随着历史的发展 已经发生了显著的变化，并且这种变化将会继续）很重要。中世纪的农业（在北欧）提供了衣食住（给一 个农业为主导的社会）（有比今天低得多的人口密度）。 3、But as arguments about im