ASME B16.9-2001
FACTORY-MADE
WROUGHT
BUTTWELDING
FITTINGS
A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D
ASME B16.9-2001
FACTORY-MADE
WROUGHT
BUTTWELDING
FITTINGS
A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D
B16.9-2001 7/23/01 2:40 PM Page 1
A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D
FACTORY-MADE
WROUGHT
BUTTWELDING
FITTINGS
ASME B16.9-2001
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Date of Issuance: June 22, 2001
This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a
new edition. There will be no addenda issued to this edition. The next edition
of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2005.
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The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright © 2001 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
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FOREWORD
In 1921, the American Engineering Standards Committee, later American Standards
Association (ASA), organized Sectional Committee B16 to unify and further develop national
standards for pipe flanges and fittings (and, later, for valves, gaskets, and valve actuators).
Cosponsors of the B16 Committee were the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(ASME), the Heating and Piping Contractors National Association [now the Mechanical
Contractors Association of America (MCAA)], and the Manufacturers Standardization Society
of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS). Cosponsors were later designated as cosecretariat
organizations.
Standardization of welding fittings was initiated in 1937 by a subgroup (designated
Subgroup 6) of Subcommittee 3. After consideration of several drafts, a standard was
approved by the Committee, cosponsors, and ASA, and published with the designation ASA
B16.9-1940.
Revisions were made in 1950 and 1955 to add sizes up to NPS 24 and to complete
coverage of fittings in some sizes. These revisions were approved and published as ASA
B16.9-1951 and ASA B16.9-1958. With the subgroup now designated Subcommittee 6 (later
Subcommittee F), further revisions were begun to clarify the intent of the standard, to add
angularity tolerances, and to include fittings of different types (long radius-reducing elbows
and crosses) and smaller sizes (NPS 1⁄4 and 1⁄2). This revision was published as ASA B16.9-
1964 after ASA approval.
After reorganization of ASA, first as the United States of America Standards Institute
(USASI), then as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), with the Sectional
Committee being redesignated as an American National Standards Committee, another
revision increasing the size range to NPS 48 and revising the text for clarity was approved
and published as ANSI B16.9-1971.
In 1975, Subcommittee F began a major revision to bring the standard up to date with
current practice and usage. Common fractions were expressed as decimals (but without
intending higher precision) and metric dimensional equivalents were added. Provisions for
step-wise change of radius for NPS 3⁄4 long radius elbows and 180 deg returns were
introduced. Following Standards Committee, cosecretariat, and ANSI approval, the revision
was published as ANSI B16.9-1978. It was updated by a corrective addendum, B16.9a-
1981, issued in February 1982.
In 1982, American National Standards Committee B16 was reorganized as an ASME
Committee operating under procedures accredited by ANSI. In this Edition, the text has
been revised and inch dimensions are established as the standard. Following approval by
the Standards Committee and ASME, approval as an American National Standard was given
by ANSI on November 12, 1986 with the new designation ASME/ANSI B16.9-1986.
In 1991 the Subcommittee reviewed the document and made a number of revisions.
Dimensions for short pattern lap joints were also added to this 1993 Edition of the Standard.
In this 2001 Edition, short radius elbows and returns were added which includes all
dimensions and tolerances of ASME B16.28-1994. This Edition also provides metric units
as an independent but parallel alternative standard to U.S. Customary units and a Quality
System Program Annex.
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Requests for interpretation or suggestions for revision should be sent to the Secretary,
B16 Committee, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Park Avenue, New
York, NY 10016.
This Standard was approved as an American National Standard on April 6, 2001.
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ASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE B16
Standardization of Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and
Gaskets
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
OFFICERS
W. N. McLean, Chair
H. R. Sonderegger, Vice Chair
P. Reddington, Secretary
COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
W. L. Ballis, Columbia Gas Distribution Co.
J. E. Batey, Union Carbide Corp.
K. M. Bell, Underwriter’s Laboratory, Inc.
M. L. Blair, U.S. Coast Guard
R. R. Brodin, Fisher Controls International, Inc.
A. Cohen, Copper Development Association
W. C. Farrell, Jr., Consultant
C. E. Floren, Mueller Co.
D. R. Frikken, Monsanto Co.
M. W. Garland, Frick Co.
J. B. Hagen, ABS Americas
J. C. Inch, Mueller Brass Co.
J. S. John, J Square Engineering Co.
G. A. Jolly, Vogt Valve Co.
W. G. Knecht, Anchor/Darling Valve Co.
R. Koester, The William Powell Co.
J. H. Longacre, Nibco, Inc.
J. H. McCauley, Jr., James H. McCauley, Inc.
W. N. McLean, Newco Valves
A. F. Rhodes, Arnco Technology Trust
F. C. Rosch, Jr., Techincon Enterprises, Inc.
R. A. Schmidt, Ladish Co.
H. R. Sonderegger, Tyco Flow Control
W. M. Stephan, Flexitallic Inc.
T. F. Stroud, Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association
R. E. White, Repairs, Inc.
D. A. Williams, Southern Company Services
L. A. Willis, Dow Chemical Co.
SUBCOMMITTEE F — STEEL THREADED AND
WELDING FITTINGS
G. A. Jolly, Chairman, Vogt Valve Co.
S. J. Rossi, Secretary, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
P. R. Benavides, Tube Forgings of American, Inc.
G. A. Cuccio, Capitol Manufacturing
J. P. Ellenberger, WFI International
D. R. Frikken, Monsanto Co.
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R. E. Johnson, Consultant
R. C. Lafferty, Penna Machine Works, Inc.
D. H. Monroe, Consultant
R. A. Schmidt, Ladish Co.
H. R. Sonderegger, Tyco Flow Control
L. A. Willis, Dow Chemical Co.
W. R. Worley, Union Carbide
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CONTENTS
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 1General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 1Special Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 1Fabricated Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 1Standard Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5 1References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6 1Service Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.7 1Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.8 1Quality Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.9 1Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Pressure Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.1 1Basis of Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 2Design of Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4.1 2Standard Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 2Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 2Depth of Stamping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4 2Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
6 Fitting Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
6.1 3General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 3Special Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 Surface Contours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
8 End Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
9 Design Proof Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
9.1 3Required Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.2 3Test Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.3 3Test Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.4 4Applicability of Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10 Production Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
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11 Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Figure
1 Maximum Envelope for Welding End Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Tables
1 Welding Bevels and Root Face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 Dimensions of Long Radius Elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4 Dimensions of Long Radius-Reducing Elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5 Dimensions of Long Radius Returns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6 Dimensions of Short Radius Elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7 Dimensions of Short Radius 180 Deg Returns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8 Dimensions of Straight Tees and Crosses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
9 Dimensions of Reducing Outlet Tees and Reducing Outlet Crosses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
10 Dimensions of Lap Joint Stub Ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
11 Dimensions of Caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
12 Dimensions of Reducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Mandatory Appendices
I Inch Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
II References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Nonmandatory Appendices
A Quality System Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
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ASME B16.9-2001
FACTORY-MADE WROUGHT BUTTWELDING FITTINGS
1 SCOPE
1.1 General
This Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances,
ratings, testing, and markings for wrought factory-made
buttwelding fittings in sizes NPS 1⁄2 through 48 (DN
15 through 1200).
1.2 Special Fittings
Fittings may be made to special dimensions, sizes,
shapes, and tolerances by agreement between the manu-
facturer and the purchaser.
1.3 Fabricated Fittings
Fabricated laterals and other fittings employing cir-
cumferential or intersection welds are considered pipe
fabrication, and are not within the scope of this Standard.
1.4 Standard Units
The values stated in either metric or U.S. Customary
units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the
text, the U.S. Customary units are shown in parentheses.
The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;
therefore, each system must be used independently of the
other. Combining values from the two systems may result
in nonconformance with this Standard.
The designations for pressure rating and size are
Class and NPS for both metric and customary dimen-
sioned fittings. The designations PN and DN used in
international standards are shown for reference conve-
nience.
1.5 References
1.5.1 Referenced Standards. Standards and spec-
ifications adopted by reference in this Standard are
shown in Mandatory Appendix II. It is not considered
practical to identify the specific edition of each standard
and specification in the individual references. Instead,
the specific edition reference is identified in Mandatory
Appendix II. A product made in conformance with a
prior edition of reference standards and in all other
respects conforming to this Standard will be considered
to be in conformance.
1
1.5.2 Codes and Regulations. A fitting used
under the jurisdiction of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, the ASME Code for Pressure Piping, or
a governmental regulation is subject to any limitation
of that code or regulation. This includes any maximum
temperature limitation, or rule governing the use of a
material at low temperature.
1.6 Service Conditions
Criteria for selection of fitting types and materials
suitable for particular fluid service are not within the
scope of this Standard.
1.7 Welding
Installation welding requirements are outside the
scope of this Standard.
1.8 Quality Systems
Nonmandatory requirements relating to the fitting
manufacturer’s Quality System Program are described
in Nonmandatory Appendix A.
1.9 Convention
For the purpose of determining conformance with
this Standard, the convention for fixing significant digits
where limits, maximum or minimum values, are speci-
fied shall be rounded off as defined in ASTM E 29.
This requires that an observed or calculated value shall
be ‘‘rounded off’’ to the nearest unit in the last right-
hand digit used in expressing the limit. Decimal value
in the last and tolerances do not imply a particular
method of measurement.
2 PRESSURE RATINGS
2.1 Basis of Ratings
The allowable pressure ratings for fittings designed
in accordance with this Standard may be calculated as
for straight seamless pipe of equivalent material (as
shown by comparison of composition and mechanical
properties in the respective material specifications) in
accordance with the rules established in the applicable
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FACTORY-MADE WROUGHT BUTTWELDING FITTINGSASME B16.9-2001
sections of ASME B31, Code for Pressure Piping. For
the calculation, applicable data for the pipe size, wall
thickness, and material that is equivalent to that of the
fitting shall be used. Pipe size, wall thickness (or
schedule number), and material identity on the fittings
are in lieu of pressure rating markings.
2.2 Design of Fittings
The design of fittings shall be established by mathe-
matical analyses (e.g. ASME B16.49 for bends) con-
tained in nationally recognized pressure vessel or piping
codes or at the manufacturer’s option by proof testing
in accordance with section 9 of this Standard. In order
to meet design or manufacturing requirements, it is
expected that some portion of formed fittings may have
to be thicker than the pip
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