徐州师范大学08级教育硕士英语试卷(三)

徐州师范大学08级教育硕士英语试卷(三) 徐州师范大学08级教育硕士英语试卷(三) Part I Reading Comprehension 30% Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice. Passage 1 It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties. Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power. 1 .The writer' s attitude toward nuclear energy is _______. A) indifferent B)favorable C) tolerant D) negative 2 .According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is true of nuclear energy? A) Primitive B) Exhaustible C) Cheap D) Unsafe 3 . Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because _______. A) it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment B) it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution C) it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society 1 D)nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff 4 . Which of the following statements does the writer support? A) The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing. B) Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. C) Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons D) Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programmes 5 . The function of the last sentence is to ______. A) advance the final argument B) reflect the writer's attitude C) reverse previously expressed thoughts D) show the disadvantages of nuclear power . Passage 2 Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer's background, personality, status, mood and social outlook. Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people' s impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person's education, background, or interests. People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits , including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoker or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And collage students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance. In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of "masculine" and "feminine" attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less "feminine"' grooming---- shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, "An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won' t get a job." 2 6 . According to the passage, the way we dress ______. A) provides clues for people who are critical of us B) indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a career C) has a direct influence on the way people regard us D) is of particular importance when we get on in age 7. Form the third paragraph of the passage, we can conclude that young adults tend to believe that certain types of clothing can ______. A) change people's conservative attitudes toward their lifestyle B) help young people make friends with the opposite sex C) make them competitive in the job market D) help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships 8. The word "precedent" (Pare. 4) probably refers to ______. A) early acts for men to follow as examples B) particular places for men to occupy especially because of their importance C) things that men should agree upon D) men's beliefs that everything in the world has already been decided 9 . According to the passage, many career women find themselves in difficult situations because ______. A) the variety of professional clothing is too wide for them to choose B) women are generally thought to be only at being fashion models C) man are more favorably judged for managerial positions D) they are not sure to what extent they should display their feminine qualities through clothing 10 . What is the passage mainly about? A) Dressing for effect. B) How to dress appropriately. C) Managerial positions and clothing D) Dressing for the occasion Passage 3 The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want a talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone' s experience in the organization. Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT&T, Coca-Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he' s seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10 %; image, 30%; and exposure, a full 60% .Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won' t secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are. Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority 3 races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales have dropped from their eyes. "Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs," says Kaleel Jamison, a New York-based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard, you'll get ahead---that someone in authority will reach down and give you promotion." She adds, "Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they've gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight. 11. According to the passage, "things formerly judged to be best left unsaid" ( Lines3—4,Pare. 1) probably refers to "__________". A) criticisms that shape everyone's experience B) the opinions which contradict the established beliefs C) the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eye D) the ideas which usually come up with new ways of management in the organization . 12. To achieve success in your career, the most important factor, according to the passage, is to __________. A) let your superiors know how good you are B) project a favorable image to the people around you C) work as a consultant to your superiors D) perform well your tasks given by your superiors 13 . The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they __________ . A) know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotion B) want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefs C) don' t want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or color D) believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color 14 . The author is of the opinion that Coleman' s beliefs are __________ . A) biased B) popular C) insightful D) superficial 15 . The best title for this passage would be __________. A) Role of Women and Minorities in Management B) The Importance of Being Visible C) Job Performance and Advancement D) Sex and Career Success Passage 4 If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labour is simply another factor of production to be hired---rented at the lowest possible cost---much as one buys raw materials or equipment. The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the 4 head of human-resource management is central---usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm's hierarchy. While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of the bottom half of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that to with these processes will disappear. 16. Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies? A) They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills. B) They see the gaining of skills as their employees' own business. C) They attach more importance to workers than equipment. D) They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition. 17. What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm? A) He is one of the most important executives in firms. B) His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced. C) He is directly under the chief financial executives in the firms. D) He has no say in making important decisions in the firm. 18. The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to ______. A) workers who can operate new equipment B) technological and managerial staff C) workers who lack basic background skills D) top executives 19. According to the passages, the decisive factor in maintaining a firm's competitive advantage is _________. A) the introduction of new technologies B) the improvement of worker's basic skills . C) the rational composition of professional and managerial employees D) the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees 20. What is the main idea of the passage? A) American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human-resource management. 5 B) Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human-resource management. C) The head of human-resource management must be in the central position in a firm's hierarchy. D) The human-resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity. Passage 5 The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject . Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul---the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a king' s servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the king' s biography---not for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate. There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly. When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class. Biographers may claim that their account is the "authentic" one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is "authorized" by the subject, this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. "Unauthorized" biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the "unauthorized" characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even several "authentic" ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell “the” story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by .the history of biography. 21 . According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who _______ . A) knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from him . B) is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writing C) is independent and treats the subject with fairness and objectivity . D) possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject 22 . The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that _______. A) the best biographies are meant to transform their readers 6 B) biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects' lives C) the best biographies are the of heroes and famous figures D) biographies can serve different purpose 23 . Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage? A) An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers. B) An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject. C) No one can write a perfect biography. D) Authorized biographies have a wider readership. 24 . An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because ______. A) it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividly B) it contains interesting information about the subject's private life C) it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsiders D) it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subject's character 25. In this passage, the author focuses on __________. A) the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his job B) the secret of a biographer to win more readers C) the techniques required of a biographer to write a food biography D) the characteristics of different kinds of biographies . Passage 6 In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows. Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "trash talk(废话)". The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever - common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society's moral catastrophes (灾难),yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments(困境) of other people's lives. Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual's quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors. Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a “final word”. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable. Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main target audience are middle - class Americans. Most of these people have the time. money, and stability to deal with 7 life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18 - to 21 - year - olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show's exploitation. While the two shows are as different as night and day. both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world. 26.Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are______. A) more family - oriented B) unusually popular C) more profound D) relatively formal 27.Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, the audience______. A) remain fascinated by them B) are ready to face up to them C) remain indifferent to them D) are willing to get involved in them 28.Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show? A) A new type of robot. B) Racist hatred. C) Family budget planning. D) Street violence. 29.Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows are both________. A) ironical B) sensitive C) instructive D) cynical 30.We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows_______. A) have monopolized the talk show circuit B) exploit the weaknesses in human nature C) appear at different times of the day D) are targeted at different audiences Part II Cloze 10% Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Henry's job was to examine vehicles which crossed the frontier to make sure that they were not smuggling anything into the country. Every evening 1 at weekends, he would see a factory worker coming up the hill towards the frontier,2 a bike with a big load of straw on it. When the bike 3 the frontier, Henry used to stop the man and 4 him take the straw off and 5 it. Then he would examine the straw very carefully to see 6 he could find anything, after which he would look in all the man's pockets 7 he let him tie the straw again. The man would then put it on his bike and go off down 8 the hill with it. Although Henry was always 8 to find gold or jewellery or other valuable things 9 in the straw, he never found 10 ,even though he examined it very carefully and thoroughly. He was sure that the man was 11 something, but he was not 12 to imagine what it could be. Then one evening, after he had looked 13 the straw and emptied the factory worker's pockets 14 usual, Henry 15 to him, "Listen. I know that you are smuggling goods 16 this frontier. Won't you tell me what it is that you're bringing into the country so successfully. I'm an old man, and today's my last day on the 17 .Tomorrow I'm going to 18.I promise that I shall not tell 19 if you "The factory worker did not say anything for 20.Then he tell me what you've been smuggling. smiled, turned to Henry and said quietly, "Bikes." 1. [A] besides [B] except [C] excepting [D] except for 2. [A] pushing [B] pulling [C] cramming [D] carrying 3. [A] arrived [B] appeared [C] emerged [D] reached 4. [A] force [B] order [C] make [D] command 5. [A] unlock [B] unbend [C] untie [D] loosen 6. [A] that [B] where [C] perhaps [D] whether 7. [A] before [B] thus [C] therefore [D] so 8. [A] lucky [B] expecting [C] suspecting [D] insisting 9. [A] mixed [B] confused [C] clamped [D] hidden 10. [A] nothing [B] something [C] everything [D] anything 9 11. [A] cheating [B] smuggling [C] stealing [D] deceiving 12. [A] capable [B] possible [C] able [D] potential 13. [A] through [B] towards [C] upon [D] up 14. [A] then [B] than [C] as [D] like 15. [A] murmured [B] said [C] ordered [D] told 16. [A] cross [B] past [C] across [D] into 17. [A] job [B] work [C] case [D] duty 18. [A] withdraw [B] retreat [C] retire [D] retrace 19. [A] everyone [B] someone [C] no one [D] anyone 20. [A] minute [B] period [C] moment [D] some time Part III Translation 15% Read the following passage and put the underlined sentences into Chinese. Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. (1)Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. (2)Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people——for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says "I don't like this contract"? The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. (3)It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no 10 consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all? Many deny it. (4)Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake——a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans. This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely "logical". In fact it is simply shallow: the confused centre is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning——the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl——is to weigh others' interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. (5)When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. Part IV Vocabulary and Structure 25% 1. We covered a wide ______ of topics in the interview. A. extent B. collection C. number D. range 2. What you say is true, but you could have ______ it more tactfully. A. talked B. phrased C. observed D. remarked 3. If you are under 18, you are not ______ to join this club. A. legitimate B. legible C. eligible D. permissive 4. When I arrived in this country I had to start learning the language from ______. A. scratch B. introduction C. ignorance D. blank 5. 1 spoke to him, but he was too ______ to hear what I said. A. preoccupied B. concentrated C. absent-minded D. thoughtful 6. To ______ greater accuracy, all invoices will be double-checked before leaving the office. A. assure B. ensure C. insure D. ascertain 7. His letter was so confused that I could hardly make any ______ of it at all. A. interpretation B. message C. sense D. meaning 8. According to the weather forecast, which is usually ______, it will snow this afternoon. A. accurate B. precise C. exact D. perfect 9. I cannot bear the noise of my brother's radio; it ______ me from my work. A. disturbs B. perturbs C. interrupts D. distracts 10. I congratulate you on your ______ in jewellery. 11 A. selection B. choice C. flavour D. taste 11. Even though the football match was not very exciting, the ______ managed to make it sound interesting. A. commentator B. newscaster C. announcer D. narrator 12. Ask the publishers to send you their latest ______ of English textbooks. A. catalogue B. brochure C. pamphlet D. booklet 13. I haven't the ______ idea what you mean. A. lightest B. dimmest C. faintest D. smallest 14. ______ some countries have ruined their agriculture, squandering money on uneconomic factories, the Ivory Coast has stuck to what it is good at. A. After B. During C. When D. While 15. Apparently one person _____ ten now attends a university in this country. A. of B. over C. in D. from 16. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from plants-_______wild. A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D once grew 17. This is the best book_____ this year.. A. appearing B. having appeared C. to appear D. appeared 18. What annoys me is that tomorrow ____ the third time I ______ take my car in to be repaired.- A. is ... have to B. will be ... have had to C. is ... will have to D will be . .have to 19. Our neighbors have__ ___ours. A. as a big house as B. as big a house as B. C. a big house as same as D. a house the same big as 20. She is ______ biting her nails. A. often B. usually C. continually D. hardly 21. It is ten years since I _____ you last. 12 A. see B. saw C. didn't see D. haven't seen 22_______ is such a spitfire. A. His that third brother C. That third brother of his B. His third that brother D. That his third brother 23 I owe a special debt of __ to my wife and child for their willingness to put up with my frequent bouts of ill-temper or sheer absent-mindedness while I was writing the book A. thank B. thanking C. thanks D. thankings 24. An application to join this scheme places you under no obligation A. indeed B. eventually C. apart D. whatsoever 25. At the casualty department my brother had his injury ______. A. cured B. healed C. relieved D. treated Part V Writing 20% Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the following table of Average Family's Expenses. The opening sentence is given and you are required to develop it into a full composition. Your part of writing should be no less than 120 words. Family Income and Expenses The average family's income increased and expense portions altered noticeably from 1970 to 1975 in the United States._________________________ ____________ __ 13 _____________________________________________________________________________. 14 徐州师范大学08级教育硕士英语试卷 Answer Sheet Part I Reading Comprehension 30% 1-5. 6-10. 11-15. 16-20 Part II Cloze 10% 1-5. 6-10. 11-15. 16-20 Part III Translation 15% 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Part IV Vocabulary and Structure 25% 1-5. 6-10. 11-15. 16-20 15 21-25 Part V Writing 20% Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the following table of Average Family's Expenses. The opening sentence is given and you are required to develop it into a full composition. Your part of writing should be no less than 120 words. 院系 学号 姓名 注意: 1、正确填写所在的院系、学号、姓名; 2、密封线外，勿写答案; 3、乱涂乱画或误写、漏写以“0”分计算。 Family Income and Expenses The average family's income increased and expense portions altered noticeably from 1970 to 1975 in the United States._________________________ ____________ __ . 16 . 17