圣经52个典故中文版

圣经52个典故中文版 1、Adam’s apple 亚当的苹果 男人的喉结 the protruding part in a man’s throat According to the Bible, when deceived by the serpent, Eve and Adam ate the apple and the latter was choked by the forbidden fruit. Since then, there has been a protruding part in men?s throat, which is one of the primary physical differences between males and females. 据《圣经?旧约?创世纪》(Bible, Old Testament, Genesis)第2章记载，上帝按自己的模样造 了亚当(Adam)，见亚当孤单，就趁亚当熟睡从他身上取下一根肋骨，造成成一一个女人—— 夏娃(Eve)，亚当和夏娃从此无忧无虑地生活在伊甸园里(Garden of Eden)，后来夏娃禁不住 化身为蛇(serpent)的魔鬼撒旦(Satan, the Devil)的诱惑，偷吃了知善恶树上的果子，她 也让亚当吃了，亚当从来没吃过这样的果子，来不及细嚼慢咽，结果果核卡在喉咙里，吐不 出咽不下，从此果核就留在亚当的喉咙里，这就是男人的喉结，从此，亚当的子子孙孙无一 幸免，只有女儿家没有。所以，在英语里，人们用“亚当的苹果”(Adam?s apple) 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示“男人 的喉结”。 上帝怕亚当和夏娃像他一样聪明和长寿，怕他们再吃生命树上的果子，就把他们逐出伊甸园。 上帝罚男人常年劳作，却收获极少;罚女人忍受分娩的痛苦;罚蛇用肚皮在地上爬，终生吃 土。 2、Adam’s profession 亚当的职业;园艺业;农业。agriculture, gardening 据《圣经?旧约?创世纪》(Bible, Old Testament, Genesis)第2章记载，上帝在东方的伊甸设 立了一个园子，称为伊甸园(Garden of Eden)，把他造的人(亚当)安置在里面，让他照料 看守这园子(And the Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to tend and keep it.)。从此，亚当就在伊甸园除草松土，修剪树枝，采摘果子，从事人类最早的园艺和农事 活动，所以，“亚当的职业”(Adam?s profession)就指的是“园艺业;农业”。如: He has always been thinking of engaging in Adam?s profession when he retires. (他一直在想，当他退休了，就种种花，养养草。) My neighbor has green fingers. He keeps a very beautiful small garden of roses. He has been in Adam?s profession for many years. (我的邻居精于园艺。他有一个漂亮的小玫瑰园，他干园艺这一行有多年了。) 3、alpha and omega 阿尔法和奥米伽 全部;始终。wholeness or the most important part Revelation1:8 “I am Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, “who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.” e.g. Rice is the alpha and omega of their diet. Alpha和Omega是希腊语和闪语(Seitic)字母表中第一和最后一个字母的名称。在更古的 时候，希腊语的最后一个字母是Tan(T)，所以在中世纪英语中常说Alpha to Tan， Alpha to Tan比Alpha and Omega更常见。 《圣经?新约》(Bible, New Testament)里的《启示录》(Revelation)据说是为遭到迫害的基 督徒写的，目的是在他们受苦受难时给予鼓励和希望，上面说，上帝通过主耶稣(Jesus Christ) 终将打败包括魔鬼撒旦(Satan, the Devil)在内的一切敌人，给虔诚的人降福，使他们得到 一个新的天堂，一个新的人间。在《启示录》第1章8节中，上帝说:“我是阿尔法和奥米 伽，是昔在、今在、以后永在的全能者。”(“I am the Alpha and Omega, the Beginning and the End.” Says the Lord, “who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.”) 所以在英语里，alpha and omega表示 “全部;始终”。如: A good knowledge of several languages is the alpha and omega if you are working in international business. (如果你从事国际贸易的话，通晓数门语言是非常重要的。) He knows the alpha and omega of his job. (他非常精通本职工作。) Wheat is the alpha and omega of their diet. (他们的饮食以小麦为主。) 此外，在现代英语里，人们用英语字母表中的首尾两个字母组成一个习语:from A to Z，意 思是“由始至终;彻头彻尾;全部”。 4、apple of Sodom 所得玛的苹果 华而不实的东西;徒有其表的东西。 superficially clever or good but without practical use Sodom and Gomorrah were two cities destroyed by God for people there were sinful. After the big fire that had destroyed everything, there appeared many trees on this land, which yielded pretty fruits. But if you taste these apples, they became ashes immediately. e.g. The bed he bought yesterday turned out to be an apple of Sodom. 据《圣经?旧约?创世纪》(Bible, Old Testament, Genesis)第19章记载:所得玛(Sodom)和 蛾摩拉(Gomorrah)是古代死海(Dead Sea)岸边的两座臭名昭著的城市，那里的居民骄奢 淫欲、罪孽滔天。上帝耶和华(Jehovah)降硫磺和火把一切都化为灰烬。此后，在死海这 一带出产一种苹果，外表鲜艳可爱，食之则满口灰味儿，可观不可食，人们把这种苹果称为 “所得玛的苹果”(apple of Sodom)，又称为“死海之果”(Dead Sea Apple)，现转喻为:华而 不实的东西，虚有其表、金玉其外、败絮其中的事物，请看例句: The girl is pretty in appearance but hideous in mind. People who know about her regard her as nothing but an apple of Sodom. 这个女孩容貌美丽但心灵丑恶。了解她的人都认为她金玉其外，败絮其中。 Nobody likes it; it?s nothing but an apple of Sodom. (没人喜欢它，那只是个表面好看的东西罢了。) --Do you know him well enough? --But why is it said some people can fall in love at first sight? --At first sight? What in him attracts you? --He?s so handsome, so cool. --But let me tell you what. He is only the Apple of Sodom.. (——你对他了解多少, ——那为什么人们说有些人可以一见钟情, ——一见钟情,他身上有什么东西吸引你, ——他那么潇洒，那么酷。 ——我告诉你吧， 他只不过徒有其表而已。) 5、at one?s wit?s end 在某人智慧的末端;智穷计尽;无计可施。 without effective ways to solve problem The Psalms 107:27They reel back and forth, and stagger like a drunken man, And are at their wits' end. 据《圣经?旧约?诗篇》(Bible, Old Testament，Psalms)第107章第27节记载: 上帝的威力无穷，航海者在海上体验到了上帝所行的各种奇事。上帝一吩咐，狂风就起来， 海中的波浪也扬起。航海的人摇摇晃晃，东倒西歪，好像醉酒的智慧无法施展(They reel to and fro, and stagger like drunken men, and are at their wit?s end.)。 据此，英语里用at one?s wit?s end表示“智穷计尽;无计可施”。如: Being at his wit?s end, he is asking anyone he can think of for help. (他到了山穷水尽的地步，能想到的人他都求了。) With all three children at home all day, the mother was at her wit?s end trying to keep the house clean. (三个孩子都整天呆在家里，母亲实在无法使屋子保持清洁。) 6、at the eleventh hour 在第十一个小时;还来得及at the last crucial moment 据《圣经?新约?马太福音》(Bible, New Testament, Matthew)第20章第1至16节记载:耶稣?基 督(Jesus Christ)给众人讲了一个天国的比喻，他说:“天国好比下面的故事，有一个葡萄 园主清早出去，雇工人到他的葡萄园工作，每天给他们一块银币。然后在上午9点、中午 12点、下午3点、下午5点，他又分别雇用了几个人，收工时，园主都给了他们一块银币。 那些从清早就干活的人抱怨，为什么在第十一个小时才进来的人，只干了一个小时却得到同 样的报酬，园主回答说:„朋友，我并没有占你便宜，你不是同意每天一块银币的工资吗, 拿你的钱回家去吧～我要给那最后进来的跟你的一样，难道我无权使用自己的钱吗,为了我 待人慷慨，你就嫉妒吗,?”耶稣用这个比喻来喻指能够进入天国的，即使在最后时刻也来得 及，凡进入天国的人，上帝都对他们一视同仁，不分先后。 在英语中，人们用at the eleventh hour指“在最后时刻”、“还来得及”，请看例句: 1. If any guest failed at the eleventh hour, Todd was asked to dine. 要是有什么客人到时不能来，托德就给请来凑数。 2. The tow explorers were rescued at the eleventh hour. 两个探险家在最后一刻被营救了。 3. His eleventh-hour rise to power has been described as a miracle. 他在最后一刻得以上台，被称为是个奇迹。 7、beam in one's own eyes 自己眼中的梁木 自身特别重大的缺点 one’s own serious mistake (See Mathew 7:1-5) e.g. He is always quick to point out other peoples' faults, but can't see the beam in his own eyes. 据《圣经?新约?马太福音》(Bible, New Testament，Matthew)第7章第1—5节记载，耶稣?基 督(Jesus Christ)在讲到评论别人时说:“你们不要论断人，免得被人论断。因为你们怎样 论断人，也必怎样被论断。为什么看到你兄弟眼中有刺，却不想自己眼中有梁木呢,(And why do you look at the mote in your brother's eye, but do not consider the beam in your own eye?)你自己眼中有梁木，怎能对你的弟兄说，容我去掉你眼中的刺呢。(Or how can you say to your brother, “let me remove the mote from your eye,” and look, a beam is in your own eye?) 你这伪善之人，先去掉自己眼中的梁木，然后才能看得清除，去掉你兄弟眼中的刺。(Hypocrite! first remove the beam from your own eye; and then you will see clearly to remove the mote out of your brother's eye.)”这里的“你兄弟”并非单纯地指门徒的亲兄弟，而是指广大的百姓，他们 的父亲只有一个——天父耶和华(Jehovah)，所以普天之下皆为兄弟。“你兄弟”指除你以外的 “别人”;“你兄弟眼中的刺”(the mote in your brother's eye)，其中的mote指“尘埃、微粒”， 转喻为“庇点”，译作“刺”，在英语中，a mote in sb's eye指(与自己的大缺点相比之下)某 人的小缺点;小过失。请看例句: But I refuse to condemn others for the mote in their eye when there is a beam in my own.. 但是我不能责备别人的小缺点，因为我自己有很大的缺点。 “自己眼中的梁木”(the beam in your own eye)中的beam指船或建筑物的横梁，一般是圆木 (log)，“你兄弟眼中的刺”与“你自己眼中的梁木”相比显得微乎其微，也就是说，“别人的缺 点”与“你自己的缺点”相比显得微不足道，所以去掉“你自己的大缺点”，“别人的小缺点”也 就无所谓了。英语中用“beam in one's own eyes”来比喻(与他人相比)自身特别重大的缺点; 严重错误。请看例句: 1. Kelmar, if he was unconscious of the beam in his own eye, was at least silent in the matter of his brother's mote. 如果说凯尔马尔不知道自己有很大的缺点，至少他对于他的兄弟的小缺点也是不加指摘的。 2. If you are unconscious of the beam in your own eye, you should at least bear other's mote. 如果你不知道自己的大缺点，至少应该容忍别人的小缺点。 3. First take the beam out of your own eye, then you'll be able to see clearly the mote in your brother's eye. 人必须有自知之明，才能客观地评价他人。 8、 Benjamin?s mess 便雅悯的份额 最大的份额;最丰厚的一份the dominant portion Joseph forgave his brothers and reunited with them. Before they went back to get their father Jacob to Egypt, he gave his brothers wagons, according to the commandment of Pharaoh, and gave them provision for the way. To all of them he gave each man changes of clothing, but to Benjamin he gave three hundred pieces of silver and five changes of clothing. e.g. In the joint venture, Benjamin's mess of the benefit goes to him. 据《圣经?旧约?创世纪》(Bible, Old Testament, Genesis)第43章第34节记载，雅各是希伯 来人(Hebrew)的第一代族长亚伯拉罕(Abraham)的孙子，他共有12个儿子，其中约瑟 (Joseph)和便雅悯(Benjamin)是同胞兄弟，雅各最疼爱约瑟，这引起了其余儿子的嫉恨， 他们设计把约瑟卖到埃及做奴隶，约瑟通过为法老说梦而当上了埃及的宰相。后来，约瑟的 家乡发生饥荒，雅各就派儿子们到矮及去买粮，便雅悯还小就没让他去。约瑟接待了他们， 并设计让哥哥回去把便雅悯带来。兄弟们相认，悲喜交加，约瑟原谅了哥哥们。约瑟设宴招 待他们，席间，约瑟把他面前的食物分出来送给他们，但便雅悯所得的是别人的五倍，他们 就饮酒，和约瑟一同宴乐。(And he took and sent messes to them from before him, but Benjamin?s mess was five times as much as any of theirs. And they drank, and were merry with him.)约瑟还给哥哥们每人一套衣服，而同胞弟弟便雅悯得到5套，300个银元。 据此，人们用“便雅悯的份额”(Benjamin?s mess)表示“最大的份额;最丰厚的一份”。如: We put the same effort in that business, but Benjamin?s mess of the outfit went to him. (在那桩生意中我们投进去的心血是一样的，但利润他得大头。) In the joint venture, Benjamin?s mess of the profit will go to him. (在这个合资项目中，他将得到最大份额的利润。) 9、build on the sand 建立在沙土上 建立于不稳固的基础上 build on not solid foundation [See Matthew 7:24-27] e.g. His plan, like a house built on sand, has no solid foundation. 据《圣经?新约?马太福音》(Bible, New Testament，Matthew)第7章第21至27节记载，耶 稣?基督(Jesus Christ)在登山室训中讲到什么样的人能进天国时，他说:“哪些称呼我„主啊， 主啊?的人并不都能进天国;只有实行我天父旨意的人才能进去。在末日来临的时候，许多 人要对我说:„主啊，主啊，我们会奉你的名传上帝的信息，也曾奉你的名赶许多鬼，行许 多奇迹～?那时候，我要对他们说:„我从来不认识你们;你们这些作恶的，走开吧～?所以， 所有听我这些话而实行的，就像一个聪明人把房子盖在磐石上;纵使风吹雨打水冲，房子也 不倒塌，因为它的基础立在磐石上。 (Therefore whosoever hears these sayings of mine, and does them, I will liken him to a wise man, who built his house on a rock: And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat on that house; and it did not fall: for it was founded on a rock.) 可是，那听见我这些话而不实行的，就像一个愚蠢的人把房子盖在沙土上，一遭受风吹雨打 水冲，房子就倒塌了，而且倒塌得多么惨重～” (And every one that hears these sayings of mine, and does not do them, will be like a foolish man, who built his house on the sand; And the rain descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat on that house, and it fell; and great was the fall of it.) 耶稣讲完了以上这些话，众人对他的教训都感到十分惊奇;因为耶稣跟他们的经学教师不同， 他的教训带有权威。众人随同耶稣一同下了山。 在现代的英语中，人们用build on the rock表示“建立在牢固的基础之上”;用build on the sand 表示“建立于不稳固的基础上”。请看例句: 1. Local opinion was the rock on which，like a great tactician，he built. 像一个大战术家，他把一切建立在当地舆论的牢固基础上。 2. Labor unions are built upon the solid rock of the material welfare of the workers. 工会是建立在工人的物质福利这个坚固的基础上。 3. I'm not surprised to learn that his company is in debt--he has very little experience of business, and the whole organization was built on sand. 听到他公司亏空负债，我一点也不感到意外——他对商业不内行，整个体制都建立在沙滩上。 4. His plan, like a house built on sand, has no solid foundation. 他的 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 如沙子上建房子，没有牢固的根基。 10、by /with the skin of one?s teeth 只剩牙皮(逃脱);侥幸;勉强;间不容发。 by the skin of one’s teeth [Job]: almost fail in something or fortunate escape God wanted to test Job and made him lose his wealth, children and suffer from illness. Job didn't make any complaint. When his friends came to see him, he said to them: "He hath put my brethren far from me, and mine acquaintance are verily estranged from me. My kinsfolk have failed, and my familiar friends have forgotten me. They that dwell in mine house, and my maids, count me for a stranger: I am an alien in their sight. I called my servant, and he gave me no answer; I intreated him with my mouth. My breath is strange to my wife, though I intreated for the children's sake of mine own body. Yea, young children despised me; I arose, and they spake against me. All my inward friends abhorred me: and they whom I loved are turned against me. My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth." e.g. We drove to the station at full speed and caught the train by the skin of our teeth. 该典故源于《圣经?旧约?约伯记》(Bible, Old Testament，Job)第19章第20节。富翁约 伯(Job)是个义人，对上帝很虔诚，但上帝为了考验约伯的诚心，使他接连失去所有财产 和儿女，并使他浑身上下长满毒疮，约伯痛苦不堪，对远道来看他的朋友叹息道:“我的罪 孽和罪过有多少呢,何以要遭受此种磨难,……”“我的熟人都不认识我了，亲戚朋友与我断 绝来往。从前的客人也都把我遗忘，我的使女把我当成陌生人。我呼唤仆人，他拒绝回答， 毫不理会我的苦苦哀求。我的妻子受不住我口中的气味，自家兄弟再也不愿走近我，小孩都 在藐视我嘲笑我。知心好友以厌恶的眼光看着我，连最亲爱的人也与我翻脸。我的皮肉紧贴 着骨头，我只剩牙皮逃脱了(My bone cleaves to my skin and to my flesh, and I have escaped with the skin of my teeth.)。” 牙齿本没有皮，约伯用此语是极言其险，就像我们平时所说的“只差头发丝的距离”，约 伯除了性命以外，其他全部丧失了。所以，人们用“by /with the skin of one?s teeth”(只剩牙 皮)用表示“侥幸;勉强;间不容发”。如: 1. The ship broke up; several were drowned; but four sailors managed to escape by the skin of their teeth. 船撞破了，有几个人溺死，只有四个水手幸免于难。 2. I only passed the exam by the skin of my teeth. 我只差一点儿就考不及格。 3. The car missed me by inches. I escaped by the skin of my teeth. 汽车差一点儿就撞上我了，我幸免于难 11、cast pearls before swine. 把珍珠丢给猪;明珠投暗 cast pearls before swine: choose the wrong audience Matthew7:6 "Don't give that which is holy to the dogs, neither throw your pearls before the pigs, lest perhaps they trample them under their feet, and turn and tear you to pieces. Swine指猪、猪猡、下流胚，在口语中指令人不快的东西，如:This car is a swine to drive at slow speeds.(这辆汽车慢速行驶时真难开。)另外swine单复数同形，除了用于cast pearl before wine 中外平常很少用，一般用在兽医上，如swine fever(猪瘟)、swinepox(猪痘)、swine plague (猪出血性败血病)等，平常我们用“pig”比较多。 据《圣经?新约?马太福音》(Bible, New Testament, Matthew)第7章第6节记载，耶稣?基督 (Jesus Christ)上了山，对跟随他的门徒说:“不要把圣物给狗，也不要把你们的珍珠丢在 猪前，恐怕它践踏了珍珠，转过来咬你们。”(Do not give what is holy to dogs; nor cast your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet, and turn and tear you in pieces.)耶稣 以此告诫门徒，不要不看对象就发表一些别人听不懂的说教，不要讲一些超出听者理解水平 的道理，也就是说不要“在不识好歹的人面前白费精力”;不要“把珍贵的东西给了不识货的 人”。Cast pearl before swine与汉语中的“对牛弹琴”、“对驴说经”、“明珠投暗”含义相仿，请 看例句: 1. He explained the beauty of the music to her but it was casting pearls before swine. 他跟她讲解那音乐之美，可是这无异于对牛弹琴。 2. I won't waste good advice on John any more because he never listens to it. I won't cast pearls before swine. 我不再白费口舌劝约翰了，因为他从不听劝。我决不再对牛弹琴了。 3. Don?t waste good advice on Helen for she will never listen to it. Don?t cast pearls before swine. 不要再劝海伦了，她根本不会听，何必对牛谈琴呢, 12、covenant of salt 盐约;不可背弃的盟约。contracts never betrayed Numbers18:19All the heave-offerings of the holy things, which the children of Israel offer to Yahweh, have I given you, and your sons and your daughters with you, as a portion forever: it is a covenant of salt forever before Yahweh to you and to your seed with you. e.g. Once you have made a covenant of salt, you should keep to it. 该语来自《圣经?旧约?民数记》(Bible, Old Testament, Numbers)第18章第19节。亚伦(Aaron) 是以色列民族领袖摩西(Moses)的兄长，是犹太教的第一位大祭司(Priest)，上帝对他说: “凡以色列人所献给耶和华圣物中的举祭，我都赐给你和你的儿女，你们永远可以享用这份 祭品，这是给你和你的后裔，在耶和华面前作为永远的盐约。”(All the heave offerings of the holy things, which the children of Israel offer to the Lord, I have given to you and your sons and daughters with you as an ordinance forever; it is a covenant of salt forever before the Lord with you and your descendants with you.)又说“你将不会有任何的遗产，以色列的任何一块土地都 不会分配给你，你所需要的一切就是我——上帝。” 在古代，盐是非常珍贵的，而且不会变坏的，所以，“盐约”(covenant of salt)是“不可背弃 的盟约”。如: 1. The two lovers, head over heel in love, made a covenant of salt that they would remain loyal to each other for the life. 两个热恋中的情人信誓旦旦:彼此忠诚直到永远。 2. Once you have made a covenant of salt, you should keep to it. 一旦订立不可违背的盐约，就应信守不渝。 13、curious as Lot's wife 像罗德之妻一样地好奇;非常好奇;好奇心过重。 be too curious (as the consequence of her curiosity, she was turned into a pillar of salt) 好奇心是人的天性，只不过不同的人好奇心轻重不同。世界上有许多好奇心过重的人，这种 好奇心，往往会给他们带来灾难。英语中有一句谚语说的是“Curiosity killed a cat.”，意思是“好 奇伤身。”，《圣经》中的罗德之妻(Lot's wife)就是因为好奇心过重而丢掉了性命。 据《圣经?旧经?创世纪》(Bible, Old Testament, Genesis)记载:由于所得玛(Sodom)和蛾摩 拉(Gomorrah)两座城市罪孽深重，上帝在毁灭这两座城市之前，顾念所得玛的义人罗德 (Lot)，就派天使告诉罗德让他带领亲人快速离开，并嘱咐他们逃走时，不管身后有什么动 静，都不要回头看。于是，上帝降下硫磺和火，两座城市陷入一片火海之中，罗德的妻子按 捺不住女人的好奇心，回头一看，立刻变成了一根盐柱(a pillar of salt)。后来人们就用“像 罗德之妻一样好奇”(curious as Lot's wife)来形容某人的好奇心过重;用“罗德之妻”(Lot's wife)或“盐柱”(a pillar of salt)表示“极度的好奇心以及由此引起的惩诫”。请看例句: 1. Curious as Lot's wife, she has made herself unpopular among her friends. 她这个人好奇心太重，在朋友中不怎么受欢迎。 2. While it is ill-advised to be curious as Lot's wife, some of the inventions and discoveries are achieved out of curiosity. 过分好奇固然不好，但是有一些发明与发现确实是因为好奇得来的。 14、 Daniel in the den of lions 狮坑中的但以理;大难不死，侥幸逃生的人。a person of integrity stand severe tests or a fortunate survivor Daniel Daniel was a prophet and was set in higher position than satraps. Then this Daniel was distinguished above the presidents and the satraps, because an excellent spirit was in him; and the king thought to set him over the whole realm. Then the presidents and the satraps sought to find occasion against Daniel as touching the kingdom; but they could find no occasion nor fault, because he was faithful, neither was there any error or fault found in him. Then said these men, We shall not find any occasion against this Daniel, except we find it against him concerning the law of his God. Then these presidents and satraps assembled together to the king, and said thus to him, King Darius, live forever. All the presidents of the kingdom, the deputies and the satraps, the counselors and the governors, have consulted together to establish a royal statute, and to make a strong interdict, that whoever shall ask a petition of any god or man for thirty days, save of you, O king, he shall be cast into the den of lions. Now, O king, establish the interdict, and sign the writing, that it not be changed, according to the law of the Medes and Persians, which doesn't alter. Therefore king Darius signed the writing and the interdict. When Daniel knew that the writing was signed, he went into his house and he kneeled on his knees three times a day, and prayed, and gave thanks before his God, as he did before. Then these men assembled together, and found Daniel making petition and supplication before his God. Then they came near, and spoke before the king concerning Daniel's violation against the king's interdict. Then the king, when he heard these words, was sore displeased, and set his heart on Daniel to deliver him; and he labored until the going down of the sun to rescue him. Then these men assembled together to the king, and said to the king, Know, O king, that it is a law of the Medes and Persians, that no interdict nor statute which the king establishes may be changed. Then the king commanded, and they brought Daniel, and cast him into the den of lions. Now the king spoke and said to Daniel, Your God whom you serve continually, he will deliver you. A stone was brought, and laid on the mouth of the den; and the king sealed it with his own signet, and with the signet of his lords; that nothing might be changed concerning Daniel. Then the king went to his palace, and passed the night fasting; neither were instruments of music brought before him: and his sleep fled from him. Then the king arose very early in the morning, and went in haste to the den of lions and found Daniel safe and sound because God had sent his angel to shut the lions' mouths. Then was the king exceeding glad, and commanded that they should take Daniel up out of the den. The king commanded, and they brought those men who had accused Daniel, and they cast them into the den of lions, them, their children, and their wives; and the lions had the mastery of them, and broke all their bones in pieces, before they came to the bottom of the den. 该语来自《圣经?旧约?但以理》(Bible, Old Testament, Daniel)第6章章第1-24节。 但以理是古代先知(prophet)，很受国王器重，被任命为大公，监督总督(governor)，总督 们想方设法置但以理于死地。他们知道但以理每天都要向上帝祷告，就诱骗国王下令30天 之内全国上下禁止任何祈祷。但以理处于对上帝的虔诚被迫违反了这一禁令，国王只好按照 禁令把但以理投入狮坑(the den of lions)。国王度过了一个不眠之夜，但第二天却惊喜地发 现但以理在狮坑中安然无恙。但以理告诉国王上帝派天使闭上了狮子的嘴，因为他是无辜的。 国王下令把总督们投入狮坑，结果饥饿的狮马上扑上去，把他们全撕碎了。 所以，在英语中人们用“Daniel in the den of lions”(狮坑中的但以理)表示“大难不死，侥幸 逃生的人。” 15、David: young heroes 16、Delilah: seductive bad women 17、David and Johnthan 大卫和约拿丹;莫逆之交;生死之交;肝胆相照的朋友。bosom friends 该语源于《圣经?旧约?撒母耳记上》(Bible, Old Testament, Samuel 1)。 约拿丹(Johnthan)是以色列王扫罗(Saul)的儿子，是王位继承人，大卫(David)是扫罗 提拔的最年轻的都督，后来，大卫的才能遭到扫罗的嫉妒，他想方设法除死大卫。约拿丹非 常敬佩大卫，与之结成至交，他处处保护大卫，每当父亲要杀大卫时，他总是设法帮大卫脱 险，甚至与父王发生激烈冲突，不惜失去王位继承权。所以，人们用“David and Johnthan” (大卫和约拿丹)表示“莫逆之交;生死之交;肝胆相照的朋友。”如; 1. Being David and Johnthan, they always help each other when in trouble. 作为生死之交，他们总是在危急时刻互相帮助。 2. It was known to all that the David and Johnthan of the establishment were David and Johnthan no longer; that war waged between them, and if all accounts were true, they were ready to fly each at the other?s throat. 众所周知，这个公司里的两位莫逆之交已经不再莫逆了，假如人们传说的没有错，他们在那 场争斗中，恨不得互相捏对方的喉咙。 说到“莫逆之交”，在西方还广为流传着这样一段佳话:达蒙(Damon)和皮西厄斯(Pythias) 古时居住在意大利的一对莫逆之交，皮西厄斯冒犯了国王被处以死刑，行刑前，皮西厄斯要 求回家见母亲最后一面，国王不同意，怕他逃走，达蒙主动 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 作为人质留下，如果皮西厄 斯不回来，就把他杀死，国王允许。结果到行刑时，皮西厄斯还没回来，达蒙被押赴刑场， 就在最后关头，皮西厄斯历经千辛万苦终于赶到了刑场，场面非常感人，国王也被他们的深 情厚谊所感动，就下令释放了皮西厄斯。所以，在西方，人们用“Damon Pythias”(达蒙和皮 西厄斯)表示“莫逆之交”。人们这样说; Johnthan was to David what Damon was to Pythias; they were two typical pairs of devoted friends. (约拿丹之于大卫正像和达蒙之于皮西厄斯;他们是两对典型的莫逆之交。) 18、 double-edged sword 双刃剑;同时具有正反两方面作用的事物。[Proverbs 5:3-4]: something with both positive and negative functions (more stress on negative side) e.g. The argument he used to justify his position proved to be a double-edged sword which ultimately led to his own defeat. 该语源于《圣经?旧约全书?诗篇》(Bible, Old Testament, Psalms):“愿他们口中称赞上帝为高， 手里有双刃的刀……(Let the high praises of God be in their throats and two-edged swords in their hands …)”;另外，在《圣经?旧约?箴言》(The Bible, Old Testament，Proverbs)中也提 到该语:“……至终却苦似苦艾，快如双刃的刀……”(… but in the end she is bitter as woodworm, sharp as a two-edged sword ...)。现在，人们用“double-edged sword”(双刃剑)表 示“同时具有正反两方面作用的事物。”但该语在运用时，强调不利因素的场合要多一些。如: 1. Your decision to leave the house is a double-edged sword. You think to hamper me by such behaviour but remember at the same time you lose a home. 你决定离家出走，这一招儿既害人又害己。你想用这来给我制造困难，但记住，你这样做也 就同时失去了家。 2. The argument he used to justify his position proved to be a double-edged sword which ultimately led to his own defeat. 他用以证明自己立场正确的论据，结果却成了导致他自己败北的双刃利剑了。 19、 fall from grace 失去恩宠;失宠;堕落;误入歧途。go astray, degenerate, or be out of favor It refers to the story that Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit and were driven out of Eden, which was human beings' original sin. 该语源于《圣经》(Bible)。人类始祖亚当(Adam)和夏娃(Eve)由于偷食禁果而被上帝 逐出伊甸园(Garden of Eden)，基督教称之为“人的堕落(the fall of man)”。 当耶稣(Jesus Christ)的福音开始在非犹太人中传播并广受欢迎时，教会中开始讨论要成为 真基督是否必须遵守摩西(Moses)的律法的问题。圣徒保罗(St.Paul)认为没有这个必要， 但加拉太省的几个教会中，有人反对保罗的主张，保罗就写了书信——《加拉太书》给他们， 目的是把那些接受谬误教训的信徒们带回到正确的信仰和生活中。保罗在书信中指出，在只 有籍着信仰，人才得以跟上帝和好，建立正确的关系。在《圣经?新约?加拉太书》(The Bible, New Testament, Galatians)第5章第1-4节，保罗是这样写的:“为了要使我们得自由，基督 已经释放了我们。所以，你们要挺起胸脯，不要让奴隶的轭再控制你们～我保罗郑重地告诉 你们，如果你们接受割礼(to be circumcised)基督就对你们毫无益处。现在我再次警告你 们任何一个接受割礼的人必须遵守全部的律法～想依靠遵守律法而得以跟上帝和好的人就是 跟基督切断了关系，自绝于山上帝的恩典(All of you who aim at justification by the law are severed from Christ; you have fallen away from grace.)。” 据此，人们用“fall from grace”(失去恩宠)表示“失宠;堕落;误入歧途。”如: He has assisted in extricating from the consequences of their folly several young girls of good family who had fallen from grace and could not otherwise be secured. 他曾帮助过几个误入歧途再别法挽回的好人家的姑娘，把她们从不幸的遭遇中拯救出来。 20、 feet of clay 泥足;根本的弱点;致命的弱点。 fatal shortcoming, famous persons? unknown defects The king of Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar, was troubled by his dream in which he beheld a great image, which was mighty, and whose brightness was excellent. As for this image, its head was of fine gold, its breast and its arms of silver, its belly and its thighs of brass, its legs of iron, its feet part of iron, and part of clay. He saw until a stone was cut out without hands, which struck the image on its feet that were of iron and clay, and broke them in pieces. Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, broken in pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshing floors; and the wind carried them away, so that no place was found for them: and the stone that struck the image became a great mountain, and filled the whole earth. Daniel was invited to interpret the dream. He said, the king was the head of gold with whom God endowed great power. After him shall arise another kingdom to replace his. As the toes of the feet were part of iron, and part of clay, so the kingdom shall be partly strong, and partly broken. Since iron does not mingle with clay, the king's kingdom would be disintegrated. Then the king fell on his face, worshiped Daniel, gave him many great gifts, and made him to rule over the whole province of Babylon, and to be chief governor over all the wise men of Babylon. e.g. I discovered that my uncle had feet of clay; he had stolen money from my father. 据《圣经?旧约?但以理书》(Bible, Old Testament, Daniel)第2章记载:巴比伦(Babylon)国 王尼布甲尼撒(Nebuchadnezzar)做了一个梦，天下哲士无人能解，国王大怒，下令杀绝哲 士，被掳到巴比伦的犹太人但以理(Daniel)自称能圆国王的梦，被带到国王面前，但以理 说:“陛下梦见的是一个泥足巨人，他的头是精金的，胸膛和臂膀是银的，肚腹和腰是铜的， 腿是铁的，脚是半铁半泥的(This image?s head was of fine gold, its chest and arms of silver, its belly and thighs of bronze, its legs of iron, its feet partly of iron and partly of clay.)，当你正观看 时，突然从山上飞来一块石头，正好打在这巨人的脚上，把脚砸碎，哗啦一声巨响，金银铜 铁泥都一同砸得粉碎，那石头变成一座大山，充满天下。金银铜铁泥象征着巴比伦国兴衰的 不同时期，开头是金子做的，意味着国家繁荣昌盛，随后的银、铜、铁就是逐渐弱下去的意 思，及至成泥，最后这个国家必然灭亡。那块巨石表明必然有一国，打碎灭绝一切国，从而 万古长存。”但以理把梦解完，尼布甲尼撒王俯伏在地，向但以理下拜，赏赐许多礼物，并 派他掌管巴比伦全省，掌管巴比伦的一切哲士。但以理的经历不免让人想起《创世纪》中曾 为埃及法老(Pharaoh)圆梦的犹太人约瑟(Joseph)。 由这个故事，人们用feet of clay来比喻根本的弱点，致命的缺陷。英语中还有一个类似的成 语“阿喀琉斯脚踵”(Achilles' heel)也表示唯一致命的弱点。请看例句: 1. Eric is sad because his idol has feet of clay. 埃里克心里很难受，又为他所崇拜的偶像竟是泥足巨人。 2. In the first days of the invasion, the defending army gave the appearance of having feet of clay. 入侵开始后不久，守军就显出致命的弱点。 21、fig leaf 无花果树叶;遮羞布;掩饰物。 something to hush up one?s scandal or to cover up one?s embarrassment After Adam and Eve ate the apple, both of their eyes were opened, and they knew that they were naked. They sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons. e.g. Come straight ahead; you don't have to put your idea in fig leaves. 该语源于《圣经?旧约?创世纪》(Bible, Old Testament, Genesis)第3章第6-7节。 人类始祖亚当(Adam)和夏娃(Eve)在魔鬼撒旦(Satan,the Devil,)的诱惑下，违背了上 帝的禁令，偷吃了知善恶树上的果实，书中是这样记载的: “于是，女人见那棵树的果子好作食物，也悦人的眼目，且是可喜爱的，能使人有智慧，就 摘下果子来吃了，又给她丈夫吃了。 (So when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree desirable to make one wise, she took off its fruit and ate. She also gave to her husband with her, and he ate.)” “他们两人的眼睛就明亮了，才知道自己赤身裸体，便那无花果树的叶子，为自己编做裙子。 (Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves coverings.)” 据此，英语里用“fig leaf”(无花果树叶)表示“遮羞布;掩饰物。”如: 1. When we were small children we used to swim a lot in summer without fig leaves on in a pond by the village. 我们小时候，夏天经常光着身子在村旁的池塘里游泳。 2. Come straight ahead; you don?t have to put your ideas in fig leaves. 有话直说，不必遮遮掩掩。 3. Their new constitution was a fig leaf to conceal their brtrayal of the masses. 他们的新宪法是一块遮羞布，用以掩盖他们对大众的背叛。 22、fly in the ointment 膏油里的一只苍蝇 美中不足之处;让人扫兴之事;一粒老鼠屎坏了 一锅粥。a blemish in an otherwise perfect thing Ecclesiastes 10:1Dead flies cause the oil of the perfumer to send forth an evil odor; so does a little folly outweigh wisdom and honor. e.g. I find the house wonderful but there is a fly in the ointment-it is too far from the town. 据《圣经?旧约?传道书》(Bible, Old Testament, Ecclesiastes)第10章第1节记载: “死苍蝇 使作香的膏油发出臭气。这样，一点愚昧，也能败坏智慧和尊荣。(Dead flies cause the ointment of the apothecary to send forth a stinking savor: so does a little folly him that is in reputation for wisdom and honor.)智慧的人心居右，愚昧的人心居左。并且愚昧人行路显出无知，对众人 说，他是愚昧。掌权者的心若向你发怒，不要离开你的本位，因为柔和能免大过。” 在这里，把“愚昧”比作“苍蝇”，把“智慧”和“尊荣”比作“膏油”，苍蝇使膏油发出臭气，一点 愚昧也能败坏“智慧和尊荣”，这与汉语中所说的“一条鱼腥了一锅汤”、“一粒老鼠屎坏了一 锅粥”有异曲同工之妙。在英语中，人们用它来表示“美中不足之处;使人扫兴的(小)事”。 请看例句: 1. I enjoy my job--the fly in the ointment is that I start early in the morning. 我喜欢我的工作，美中不足的是我得很早动身。 2. The journey was perfect; the only fly in the ointment was that on our way our car broke down and there was no repair shop nearby. 旅途非常顺利，唯一美中不足的是:在回家的路上，我们的车子抛锚了，而且附近没有修理 店。 3. He finds the place wonderful but there is a fly in the ointment: it is too far from the town. (他发现这地方太棒了，唯一不足的是离城里太远了。) 4. They enjoyed their holiday very much. The only fly in the ointment was the bad weather. (他们的假期过得很愉快，唯一煞风景的是天气不好。) 英国散文家兰姆(Charles Lamb, 1775-1834)在他的《穷亲戚》()里对穷亲戚下了一个定义， 说他们在别的东西中间，就像膏油里的苍蝇。 23、from Dan to Beersheba: from one bottom to another, all over the world Judges Dan was the northmost city in Palestine, while Beersheba the southmost town there. So if you traveled from Dan to Beersheba, you will travel across the whole Palestine. e.g. You might travel from Dan to Beersheba without finding such a beautiful vase. 24、gift of the Magi: the most precious gift 25、Goliath: gigantic person or object (See David?s story) 26、good Samaritan 善良的撒玛利亚人;乐施好善者。kind persons ready to help others Luke10:30Jesus answered, "A certain man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and he fell among robbers, who both stripped him and beat him, and departed, leaving him half dead. 10:31By chance a certain priest was going down that way. When he saw him, he passed by on the other side. 10:32In the same way a Levite also, when he came to the place, and saw him, passed by on the other side. 10:33But a certain Samaritan, as he traveled, came where he was. When he saw him, he was moved with compassion, 10:34came to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring on oil and wine. He set him on his own animal, and brought him to an inn, and took care of him. 10:35On the next day, when he departed, he took out two denarii, and gave them to the host, and said to him, 'Take care of him. Whatever you spend beyond that, I will repay you when I return.' 10:36Now which of these three do you think seemed to be a neighbor to him who fell among the robbers?" 据《圣经?新约?路加福音》(Bible, New Testament, Luke)第10章第33-34节记载:一个行人 不幸落入强盗手中，被强盗打得半死扔在路旁。一个祭司和一位利末人先后路过这里，都装 做没看见。可是有一个撒玛利亚人行路来到这里，看见他就动了怜悯之心，上前用油和酒倒 在他的伤口上，包裹好了，扶他骑上自己的牲口，带到店栈去照应他。 (But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where he was. And when he saw him, he had compassion. So he went to him and bandaged his wounds, pouring in oil and wine; and he set him on his own animal. Brougt him to an inn, and took care of him.) 据此，后人用“good Samaritan”(善良的撒玛利亚人)表示“乐施好善者。”如: 1. He begged, “You good Samaritans, have pity on me!” 他哀求道:“你们这些乐施好善的人，可怜可怜我吧～” 2. He acted as a good Samaritan, and took the poor woman to the hospital. 他乐施好善，把那个贫苦的妇人送进了医院。 3. I was really in a hurry to get home to watch a footaball match on telly but I decided to be a good Samaritan and turn back with her without saying so. 我确实想急忙赶回家看一场电视足球赛，但我还是决定做个乐于助人的好人，只字不提看球 赛的事，而转回去陪她。 27、handwriting/writing on the wall 墙上的字迹;凶兆。an ill omen Daniel 5:1-19 When the ancient Babylonian king Belshazar(伯沙撒)was giving a feast in his palace, he suddenly saw a mysterious finger writing some unknown letters on the wall opposite to where he sat. The king then sent for Daniel, the imprisoned Jewish prophet, to explain for him the meaning of the handwriting on the wall. Daniel read the writing and told him it meant some disaster would soon arrive. It so happened that Belshazar was killed that very night. His kingdom was conquered by the Persians and Darius became the new king. e.g. The official saw the writing on the wall and fled the country 据《圣经?旧约?但以理书》(Bible, Old Testament, Daniel)第5 章记载:巴比伦(Babylon) 王尼布甲尼撒(Nebuchadnezzar)的儿子伯沙撒(Belshazzar)继承王位，一天晚上，王宫里 举行盛大的宴会。伯沙撒下令把他父亲从耶路撒冷(Jerusalem)圣殿里抢来的金杯银碗搬出 来，用它们饮酒作乐。突然间，空中出现一只手，在灯台对面的宫墙上写下三个神秘的字: MENE，TEKEL，PERES。伯沙撒惊恐万分，忙召人解谜。被掳到巴比伦的犹太人但以理 (Daniel)被请来解谜，他说:“MENE就是上帝已经数算你国的年日到此完毕;TEKEL就 是你被称在天平里显出你的亏欠;PERES就是你的国分裂，归与玛代人和波斯人。当夜， 预言应验:伯沙撒被杀，玛代人大利乌(Darius)夺了巴比伦王位。 后来，人们用handwriting on the wall指凶兆;厄运临头的预兆;用see (read) the handwriting on the wall 来表示觉察到一种制度(或生活方式、传统等)即将灭亡。如: 1. At times, however, the words about his having spoiled his opportunities, repeated to him as coming from Mrs. Charmond, haunted him like a handwriting on the wall. 但是，查门夫人说他错过了机会这一句话，时时盘旋在他脑海之中，象凶兆一样。 2. John's employer had less and less work for him; John could read the handwriting on the wall and looked for another job. 约翰的老板给他的工作愈来愈少，他觉察出解雇之日不远了，于是便寻找别的工作。 28、have itching ears 耳朵发痒;好打听;爱听新奇的事。inquisitive or eager to know news Paul's Second letter to Timothy Paul encouraged Timothy to be faithful to Jesus in spite of the difficulties and shoulder the responsibility of a missionary. He said, For the time will come when they will not listen to the sound doctrine, but, having itching ears, will heap up for themselves teachers after their own lusts; e.g. Yesterday Mrs. Humphry asked me whether I had heard my neighbors quarrelling with each other; she has itching ears. 据《圣经?新约?提摩太后书》(Bible, New Testament，2 Timothy)第4章第3节记载，耶稣(Jesus Christ)使徒保罗(Paul)劝勉其门徒提摩太(Timothy)要始终忠于耶稣，担负起教师和传 道人的责任，他说:“要传福音，不管时机成熟不成熟都要传，用最大的耐心劝勉、督责、 鼓励、教导。时候将到，那时人要拒绝健全的教义，随从自己的欲望，到处拜人为师，好来 满足他们发痒的耳朵(For the time will come when they will not endure the sound doctrine; but, having itching ears, will heap to themselves teachers after their own lusts.)。他们掩耳不听真理的 话，却倾向荒唐的传说。但是，你无论在任何情况下都要谨慎;要忍受苦难，做传道人应做 的工作，忠心履行上帝仆人的职务。” 据此，英语里用“have itching ears”(耳朵发痒)表示“好打听;爱听新奇的事;爱听东家长 西家短。”如: The day before yesterday, Mrs. Humphry asked me whether I had heard my neighbours quarreling with each other; she has itcing ears. 前天，汉弗莱太太问我有没有听见我的两家邻居吵架，她就是爱听个新鲜事儿。 29、heap coals of fire on sb.’s head [Proverbs 25:21-22]: make others repent by bidding good to evil Proverbs by Solomon If your enemy is hungry, give him food to eat; /If he is thirsty, give him water to drink: /For you will heap coals of fire on his head, /And Yahweh will reward you. e.g. Frederick stole the Bishop's silver, but the Bishop heaped coals of fire on his head by giving the silver to him. 30、 Job: a person dogged by bad luck or an extremely patient man Job There was a man in the land of Uz, whose name was Job. That man was blameless and upright, and one who feared God, and turned away from evil. He had seven sons and three daughters, and a large portion of possession. Santan argued to Yahweh that Job was pious to Him just because He endowed him with numerous wealth. So Yahweh decided to test him. It fell on a day when Job's children were eating and drinking, there came a messenger to Job, and said, "The oxen were plowing, and the donkeys feeding beside them, and the Sabeans attacked, and took them away. Yes, they have killed the servants with the edge of the sword, and I alone have escaped to tell you." While he was still speaking, there also came another, and said, "The fire of God has fallen from the sky, and has burned up the sheep and the servants, and consumed them, and I alone have escaped to tell you." While he was still speaking, there came also another, and said, "The Chaldeans made three bands, and swept down on the camels, and have taken them away, yes, and killed the servants with the edge of the sword; and I alone have escaped to tell you." While he was still speaking, there came also another, and said, "Your sons and your daughters were eating and drinking wine in their eldest brother's house, 1:19and, behold, there came a great wind from the wilderness, and struck the four corners of the house, and it fell on the young men, and they are dead. I alone have escaped to tell you." Then Job arose, and tore his robe, and shaved his head, and fell down on the ground, and worshiped. He said, "Naked I came out of my mother's womb, and naked shall I return there. Yahweh gave, and Yahweh has taken away. Blessed be the name of Yahweh." In all this, Job did not sin, nor charge God with wrongdoing. Later God permitted Satan to test Job, who made Job grow malignant sores all over his body. Though painful, Job bore no complaint against God. Due to his piety, God restored him more wealth and children. 31、Job?s comforter 约伯的慰问者;增加对方痛苦的安慰者。 a person who fails to comfort others while make them sadder When Job's three friends heard of all the evil that had come upon him, they came every one from his own place, and they made an appointment together to come to bemoan him and to comfort him. When they lifted up their eyes afar off, and knew him not, they lifted up their voice, and wept; and they rent every one his mantle, and threw dust upon their heads toward heaven. So they sat down with him upon the ground seven days and seven nights, and none spoke a word unto him; for they saw that his grief was very great. e.g. Mrs. Baker was a Job's comforter, while sympathizing with the mother who had lost her child, she told the mother that it was her fault for not sending the child to hospital sooner. 据《圣经?旧约?约伯记》(Bible, Old Testament，Job)第1 章至第2章记载: 乌斯地有个义人叫约伯，是个很有名望的富翁，他经常向上帝耶和华(Jehovah)献全燔祭， 行洁净礼仪，约伯敬畏上帝，对上帝充满信心。魔鬼撒旦(Satan)对耶和华说，约伯敬畏 你是因为你总是保护他全家及他所有的一切，否则的话，他肯定不再敬畏上帝。为了考验约 伯对上帝的诚心，上帝同意让撒旦使约伯失去了所有的财产和所有儿女，约伯变得一贫如洗， 但他对上帝的诚心丝毫没有动摇;撒旦又让约伯浑身上下长满毒疮，流血化脓，约伯痛苦不 堪。 约伯的三个朋友听说他的遭遇，就来安慰他，他们远远地举目观看，认不出他来，就放声大 哭。各人撕裂外袍，把尘土向天扬起来，落在自己的头上。他们同约伯七天七夜坐在地上， 一个人也不向他说话，因为他们看见他极其痛苦。 好友以利法(Eliphaz)开口劝说约伯，实际上是在责备他:“……约伯啊，你呼喊吧，看看 是否有谁回答你，难道某个天使会帮助你吗,焦虑而死者实乃愚人，忧愤丧生者不足为训。 饥饿者吞食愚人的庄稼，连荆棘中的谷粒也不放过。邪恶不会从田野里走出来，灾难也不会 从地面冒头。否～人生在世必遭忧患，如火星必欲上腾。” 据此，英语里用“Job?s comforter”(约伯的慰问者)表示“增加对方痛苦的安慰者。”如: 1. Though he was a Job?s comforter, I thanked him all the same. I knew he meant well. 虽然他的安慰只能使人徒增烦恼，我还是很感谢他。我知道他用心是好的。 2. Mrs Baker was a Job?s comforter, while sympathising with the mother who has lost her child, she told the mother that it was her fault for not sending the child to hospital sooner. 贝克太太真不会安慰人，她一面对失去孩子的母亲表示同情，一面却责怪她没有早点把孩子 送进医院。 32、 Jonah: a person who brings bad luck Jonah Yahweh sent Jonah to tell the wicked people in Nineveh about their coming destruction. But Jonah rose up to flee to Tarshish on a ship from the presence of Yahweh. Yahweh sent out a great wind on the sea, and there was a mighty tempest on the sea, so that the ship was likely to break up. Then the mariners were afraid, and cried every man to his god. They all said to each other, "Come, let us cast lots, that we may know for whose cause this evil is on us." So they cast lots, and the lot fell on Jonah. Jonah had to tell them the truth. Then the men were exceedingly afraid, and said to him, "What shall we do to you, that the sea may be calm to us?" For the sea grew more and more tempestuous. He said to them, "Take me up, and throw me into the sea. Then the sea will be calm for you; for I know that because of me this great tempest is on you." So they took up Jonah, and threw him into the sea; and the sea ceased its raging. Yahweh prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah, and Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights. Yahweh spoke to the fish, and it vomited out Jonah on the dry land. So Jonah arose, and went to Nineveh for Yahweh's message. e.g. He regarded Mike as his Jonah because he spoiled the whole matter at the critical moment. 33、 Jonah’s gourd: something with a very short life Jonah went to Nineveh and told the inhabitants about God's coming punishment. All the people were terrified. They repented and prayed for God's mercy. Yahweh agreed to forgive them, so Jonah's words didn't come true. He was very unpleasant and went out of the city, and sat on the east side of the city, and there made himself a booth, and sat under it in the shade, until he might see what would become of the city. Yahweh prepared a vine, and made it to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shade over his head, to deliver him from his discomfort. So Jonah was exceedingly glad because of the vine. But God prepared a worm at dawn the next day, and it chewed on the vine, so that it withered. It happened, when the sun arose, that God prepared a sultry east wind; and the sun beat on Jonah's head, so that he fainted, and requested for himself that he might die, and said, "It is better for me to die than to live." God said to Jonah, "Is it right for you to be angry about the vine?" He said, "I am right to be angry, even to death." Yahweh said, "You have been concerned for the vine, for which you have not labored, neither made it grow; which came up in a night, and perished in a night. Shouldn't I be concerned for Nineveh, that great city, in which are more than one hu ndred twenty thousand persons who can't discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also much cattle?" 34、kick against the pricks 脚踢刺棒;自讨苦吃。unprofitable rebel or ask for trouble 该语源于《圣经?新约?使徒行传》(Bible, New Testament, Apostles)第9章第5节。 保罗(Paul)原名叫扫罗(Saul)，本来信仰犹太教，还曾参加迫害基督徒的行动，当虔诚 的基督徒司提反(Stephen)被石头砸死的时候，有人看见扫罗就在现场，他还挨家挨户地 搜查基督徒，把他们从家里拖出来，送进监狱。一次，扫罗在去大马士革(Damascus)捉 拿基督徒的路上，他看见从天上发出的光，就扑倒在地，只听一个声音对他说:“扫罗，扫 罗，你为什么要迫害我,”扫罗忙问:“你是谁,”“我是受你迫害的耶稣，你用脚踢刺棒是难 的(I am Jesus whom you persecuted, it is hard for you to kick against the pricks)。起来进城去 吧，有人会告诉你该做什么。”扫罗从地上爬起来，眼睛什么也看不见，这时，一个人走上 前来，把他领到大马士革。进城后，扫罗三天三夜不吃不喝，三天后，有一个人来看他，把 手放在他头上对他说:“扫罗兄弟，主耶稣派我来，让你的眼睛恢复光明，让圣灵充满你的 眼睛。”从此，扫罗信仰改变，开始相信耶稣，并受了洗(was baptised)，取名为保罗。保 罗外出宣扬耶稣，传播基督教，保罗是第一个在外国传播耶稣思想的人，他使基督教成为一 种世界性的宗教。公元64年，在一次反基督教的动乱中，保罗为道殉难。 据此，英语里用“kick against the pricks”(脚踢刺棒)表示“自讨苦吃。”如: 1. In appealing the case again, you will just be kicking against the pricks. 你再去上诉，那简直是自讨苦吃。 2. It is wise for him to make good in his retreat instead of kicking against the pricks. 他安全撤出而不是以卵击石，这才是明智的。 35、land of Nod 挪得之地;睡乡。land of dreaming After he killed his brother, Cain went out from Yahweh's presence, and dwelt in the land of Nod, on the east of Eden. Later the English writer, Jonathan Swift used "going into the land of Nod" in his work "Polite Conversation" to mean fall asleep. e.g. I didn't want to wake him; he looked so peaceful and happy in the land of Nod. 该语源于《圣经?旧约?创世纪》(Bible, Old Testament, Genesis)第4章第16节。 亚当(Adam)和夏娃(Eve)被上帝赶出伊甸园(Garden of Eden)后，生了两个儿子该隐 (Cain)和亚伯(Abel)，该隐因为嫉妒把弟弟亚伯杀了，上帝罚该隐背井离乡，该隐搬到 伊甸园以东的挪亚之地(land of Nod)。在那里，该隐与妻子生了儿子。 英国讽刺小说家斯威夫特(Jonathan Swift, 1667-1745)在《彬彬有礼的谈话》(Polite Conversation)中曾使用“going into the land of Nod”来表示“入睡”。后来，该语逐渐流行起来， “land of Nod”成为“睡乡”的代名词。如: The book was so dull that it had him into the land of Nod in half an hour. 这本书枯燥无味，他看了还不到半小时就睡着了。 英国历史小说家司各特(Walter Scott, 1771-1832)在《米尔德西恩的监狱》(The Heart of Midlothian)中有这样的描写: “And d?ye ken, lass,” said Madge, “there?s queer things chanced since ye have been in the land of Nod.” (“你可知道，孩子。”梅吉说，“自你进入„挪得之地?后，发生了许多古怪的事情。”) 36、lost sheep /stray lamb 迷途的羊;误入歧途的人;不务正业的人。 a person who goes astray and makes mistakes Matthew18:12"What do you think? If a man has one hundred sheep, and one of them goes astray, doesn't he leave the ninety-nine, go to the mountains, and seek that which has gone astray? 18:13If he finds it, most assuredly I tell you, he rejoices over it more than over the ninety-nine which have not gone astray. 18:14 Even so it is not the will of your Father who is in heaven that one of these little ones should perish. e.g. Many people became lost sheep because their shepherd led them astray. 该语源于《圣经?新约全书?马太福音》(Bible, New Testament, Matthew)第18章第10-14节。 耶稣(Jesus Christ)在传教时讲了一个这样的比喻一个人有100只羊，其中一只丢失了，他 撇下那99只，去寻找那只迷失的羊(lost sheep)，他找到了那只羊一定很高兴，比他有那 99只没有迷失的羊高兴多了。同样你们的天父不愿意任何一个微不足道的人迷失。 据此，英语里用“lost sheep”(迷途的羊)表示“误入歧途的人;不务正业的人。”如: 1. Many people became lost sheep because their shepherd led them astray. 许多人成了迷途知返的羔羊，因为领路人把他们引入歧途。 2. In a way we are stray lambs, for to err is human. So we constantly need guidance in our lives. 从某种意义上说我们都是迷途的羔羊，因为人犯过错，在所难免。免所以在我们一生中，经 常需要指点。 美国幽默作家马克?吐温(Mark Twain, 1835-1910)在《哈克贝利?费恩》(The Adventures of Huchkleberry Finn, 1884)中描写了好心的道格拉斯寡妇(Widow Douglas)收养了父亲是醉 鬼的哈克贝利?费恩，想把他教育成一个体面的孩子，但哈克贝利?费恩受不了各种规矩，他 逃了出来，对好朋友汤姆说:“寡妇女对我大哭一场，把我叫做一只迷途知返的羔羊，还叫 我别的许多名称，不过，她绝对没有什么恶意 37、make bricks without straw 制无草之砖;做无米之炊;做非常困难的事。 do something without indispensable materials or conditions 该典故源于《圣经?旧约?出埃及记》(Bible, Old Testament，Exodus)第5章第7节。 上帝见以色列人在埃及倍受奴役，就号召以色列人摩西(Moses)带领以色列人离开埃及。 摩西请法老允许以色列人去旷野祭祀上帝。法老不仅不同意，还责备他们有意旷工，就吩咐 监工:“你们不可照常把草给百姓做砖，呀叫他们自己去捡草。他们素常做砖的数目，你们 你们仍旧向他们要，一点不可减少，因为他们是懒惰的，所以呼求说:„容我们去祭祀我们 的神。?你们要把更重的工作加在这些人身上，叫他们忙碌，不听虚假的言语。”以色列人只 好自己捡草制砖，但却完不成 规定 关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定 的任务。 “You shall no longer give the people straw to make brick as before. Let them go and gather straw for themsselves. And you shall lay on them the quota of bricks which they made beofore. You shall not reduce it. For they are idle; therefore they cry out, saying, „Let us go and sacrifice to our God.? Let more work be laid on the men, that they may labor in it, and let them not regard false words.” 据此，人们用“make bricks without straw”(制无草之砖)表示“做无米之炊;做非常困难的事。” 如: 1. John could not go to a library, and writing the report was a job of making bricks without straw. 约翰不能去图书馆，因此这篇报告是在缺乏资料的情况下写就的。 2. Sheila has lovely hair anyway. The best hairdresser in the world couldn?t do much with mine. You can?t make bricks without straw. 希拉有一头漂亮的头发，而我就这几根稀疏的头发，全世界最高级的理发师也拿我没办法。 38、make light of 不理睬;不理会;不在乎。turn a deaf ear or not mind Matthew22:2"The Kingdom of Heaven is like a certain king, who made a marriage feast for his son, 22:3and sent out his servants to call those who were invited to the marriage feast, but they would not come. 22:4Again he sent out other servants, saying, 'Tell those who are invited, "Behold, I have made ready my dinner. My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready. Come to the marriage feast!"' 22:5But they made light of it, and went their ways, one to his own farm, another to his merchandise, 22:6and the rest grabbed his servants, and treated them shamefully, and killed them. 22:7 When the king heard that, he was angry, and he sent his armies, destroyed those murderers, and burned their city. 该语源于《圣经?新约全书?马太福音》(Bible, New Testament, Matthew)第22章第5节。 耶稣?基督(Jesus Christ)传教时用了一个比喻:天国好比一个国王为自己的儿子预备的婚 宴，他派遣仆人催促他所邀请的客人来参加婚宴，可是他们不愿意来。国王再派遣另一批仆 人去请，他们仍不理会(but they made light of it and went away…)，甚至把仆人杀了。国王 大为震怒，派兵去灭了他们并烧毁他们的城市。之后，国王吩咐仆人到大街上，把碰到的人 无论好坏都请来赴宴，这样，喜堂里才坐满了客人。最后，耶稣说:“被邀请的人多，但被 选上的人少～” 据此，英语里用“make light of”(不理睬)表示“不理会;不在乎。”如: 1. They made light of their handicaps. 他们对自己的不利条件并不在乎。 2. His rudeness was made light of by his wife when they were with others, but they argued violently about it when alone. 别人在场时他妻子对他的粗鲁举止只当没看见，可夫妻俩私下里却为此大吵大闹。 39、new wine in old bottle 旧瓶装新酒;新事物用旧形式new content is limited by old form Matthew9:17Neither do people put new wine into old wineskins, or else the skins would burst, and the wine be spilled, and the skins ruined. No, they put new wine into fresh wineskins, and both are preserved." Jesus meant that the Gospel of Christianity was new wine and could not be poured into the old bottle of Judaism. 《圣经?新约全书》(Bible, New Testament)中关于“new wine in old bottle”有两处记载，一处 是在《马太福音》(Matthew)第9章第17节，另一处是在《路加福音》(Luke)第5章第 33至39节，两处的记载都差不多，就让我们看看《马太福音》中是怎样记载的。 施洗约翰(John the Baptist)的门徒来问耶稣?基督(Jesus Christ):“我们和法利赛人(the Pharisees，敌视耶稣的人)常常禁食(fast)，你的门徒都不禁食，为什么呢,”耶稣回答:“新 郎还在婚宴的时候，贺喜的客人会悲伤吗,当然不会。可是日子准到，新郎要从他们当中被 带走，那时候就要进食了。”耶稣以这个比喻说明新旧法则之间的不协调性，不要老是用旧 法规去看待新法则，“禁食”也要因时而异。 耶稣又讲了另一个比喻:“没有人拿新布去补旧衣服，因为小的补丁会扯破那衣服，使裂痕 更大。也没有人拿新酒装在旧皮袋里。这样做的话，皮袋会胀破，酒漏掉，连皮袋也损坏了。 要把新酒装在新皮袋里;那么，两样就都保全了。(”Neither do men put new wine into old bottles; else the bottles break, and the wine runneth out, and the bottles perish; but they put new wine into new bottles, and both are preserved.) 由耶稣的这两个比喻，人们就用new wine in old bottle来比喻“新的事物用旧形式”、“旧形式 适当不了新内容”。请看例句: 1. The writer was merely putting new wine in old bottles. 这位作家只不过是把新酒装进旧瓶罢了。 2. New ideas need new measures. It won't do to put new wine in old bottles. 新建议需要新 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 ，不能穿新鞋走老路。 3. To put new wine in old bottles often does harm to literary creation. 用旧瓶装进新酒，常常有害于文学创作。 40、Noah's Ark 挪亚方舟;避难所;大难之中仅存的安全地。asylum, the only shelter in disasters 挪亚方舟(Noah's Ark)是大家比较熟悉的典故。据《圣经?旧约?创世纪》(Bible, Old Testament, Genesis)记载:该隐杀弟之后，人类开始不断地犯罪作恶，上帝后悔造人，决定以洪水灭 世。上帝顾念义人挪亚，就吩咐挪亚造一只大船，这就是挪亚方舟。洪水来临时，挪亚一家 人及其一些飞禽走兽都上了方舟，世界遭到了灭顶之灾。洪水逐渐退去，方舟搁浅在亚拉腊 山(Mountains of Ararat)，挪亚放出一只乌鸦(raven)去探听消息，负心的乌鸦一去不再复 返，挪亚又放出一只鸽子(dove)，不久，鸽子飞回来了，嘴里衔着一片刚从树上拧下的橄 榄叶子(Olive leaf)，挪亚由此判定地上的水已退。一片橄榄叶子表达了和平的信息，从此， 鸽子和橄榄枝就成了和平的象征。挪亚一家人及其一些飞禽走兽因为躲在方舟里，才幸免于 难，后来的人们就用“挪亚方舟”来比喻“避难所”、“大难之中仅存的安全地”。请看例句: 1. During the war,the little village became Noah's Arkfor the whole family. 战争中，这个小村庄成了这一家人的“避难所”。 2. He was on the black list and had to go abroad to stayin his uncle's home,which was the only Noah's Ark. 他被列在黑名单上，只好出国，柱在他伯父家里，那是他唯一安全的地方。 41、pottage of lentiles 红豆汤;蝇头小利;因小失大。 try to save a little only to lose a lot (See the story between Esau and Jacob) 这则典故出自《圣经?旧约?创世纪》(Bible, Old Testament,Genesis)第25章34节。 犹太人祖先亚伯拉罕(Abraham)的儿子以撒(Issac)有一对孪生子:以扫(Esau)和雅各(Jacob)。以扫喜欢打猎，深得父亲的喜欢;雅各常帮母亲料理家务，所以母亲很喜欢他。有一次，雅各正在熬红豆汤(pottage of lentiles)，以扫从外面回来，又饿又渴，就向雅各要红豆汤喝，雅各说:“你把长子权卖给我，我就给你汤喝。”饥渴难忍的以扫同意了，就这样，以扫因为一碗红豆汤而失去了长子权，因小失大。 据此，英语里用“pottage of lentiles”(红豆汤)表示“蝇头小利;因小失大。”如: It was argued that by joining the Common Market Britain would be giving away her national rights and advantage for a pottage of lentiles. (有人争辩说，加入西欧共同市场英国将失去民族权利和优势，是因小失大。) 42、prodigal son 浪子;迷途知返的浪子。 an idle person or a person willing to correct their mistakes [It is from a parable told by Jesus] 据《圣经?新约?路加福音》(Bible, New Testament, Luke)第15章第11-32节记载:一个人有两个儿子，大儿子在家务农，小儿子带着分得的一份家业远走高飞，不久他就在外面挥霍一空，生活十分窘迫，于是他带着悔恨的心情回到家里。父亲远远就认出了自己的儿子，便跑上去，抱着他的脖子亲吻，并吩咐仆人把肥牛犊宰了。大儿子却生气，父亲对他说:“儿呀，你常和我同住，我一切所有的都是你的;只是你这个兄弟是死而复活，失而复得的，所以我们理当欢喜快乐。” 据此，英语里用“prodigal son”(浪子)表示“迷途知返的浪子。”如: -- “They?ve got the painters in next door.” -- “That?ll be for the return of the prodigal son. I hear that all is forgiven.” ——“他们已把油漆工叫到隔壁房间去了。”——“那是为了迎接浪子回头，我听说所有一切都被原谅了。 43、salt of the earth 世上的盐;高尚的人backbone elements in the society e.g. An honest, hard-working man is the salt of the earth. 据《圣经?新约?马太福音》(The Bible, New Testament, Matthew)第五章记载:耶稣?基督(Jesus Christ)接受了施洗者约翰(John the Baptist)的施洗以后，抵挡住了魔鬼撒旦(Satan)的种种诱惑，初收门徒，开始一边传教，一边给人治病，医治好了许多疑难病症，名声大振，跟从他的人逐渐增多，他从中挑选了十二门徒。耶稣登上一座山，门徒和众人都随他上山，听他传道。 耶稣对门徒说:“你们是世上的盐，盐若失去了味，怎能叫它再咸呢,(Ye are the salt of the earth; but if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted?)以后无用，不过丢在外面，被人践踏了。”耶稣的这一番话，是鼓励门徒要充分发挥他们的骨干作用，用心传教，否则，就象失去咸味的盐，再也不能发挥作用了。 在四方，古时候，盐非常难得，“物以稀为贵”，盐就显得特别珍贵，用盐款待朋友被看成是最高的礼遇，吃了某人的盐(eat sb's salt)意味着“在某人处做客;受到某人款待”。同客人一块用餐时，盐罐放在餐桌中间，客人坐在盐罐上首(above the salt)，离主人近，视为贵宾;因此above the salt指在上席，尊为上宾;普通客人往往坐在盐罐的下首(below the salt)，离主人远，是末座，因而below the salt指居下席，屈为末座。 由此可见，为什么耶稣把他的门徒喻作“盐”，“世上的盐”(salt of the earth)，其中earth 指人类，salt表示象往食品中加盐一样，人类社会的精华赋予人类生活最伟大的价值，因而salt of the earth指“社会精华，最优秀的人，最高尚的人。” 请看例句: 1. An honest, hard-working man is the salt of the earth. 诚实而勤劳的人才是社会的中坚分子。 2. We no longer accept these country gentlemen as the salt of the earth.. 我们再也不承认这些乡绅为社会中坚分子。 44、separate the sheep from the goats 区分绵羊和山羊;区分好人和坏人 distinguish unqualified persons from qualified ones Matthew 25:31But when the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then he will sit on the throne of his glory. 25:32Before him all the nations will be gathered, and he will separate them one from another, as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. 25:33He will set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on the left. e.g. The exams at the end of the first year usually separate the sheep from the goat. 在以耕作业为主的中国，绵羊和山羊除了本身的特点外，并没有寓意上的联想，没有什么文 化内涵;但在以游牧业为主的西方各国，人们对绵羊和山羊的喜恶可就非常明显，绵羊 (sheep)能提供羊毛，换来财富，而且性格温顺，受人偏爱，是温和、纯洁和天真无邪的 象征。虽然山羊也提供羊奶、羊肉、羊皮等多种有用的东西，但因其性情好动，尾部散发恶 臭，常用来指劣等人、劣质物、色鬼等，在英语中，get sb's goat指使人恼怒，挫伤某人， 嘲弄某人;play the giddy goat指做傻瓜;干蠢事，胡闹。在《圣经》里，信奉上帝的人被称 作sheep，耶稣?基督被称为“上帝的羔羊”(lamb of God)，耶稣又是牧羊人(shepherd)，他 带领着迷途的羔羊(lost sheep)跟从上帝。 据《圣经?新约?马太福音》(Bible, New Testament，Matthew)第25章第31至41节记载，在 最后的审判(the Final Judgement)来临时，“人子(Son of Man指耶稣?基督)作王，天使跟 他一齐来临，他要坐在荣耀的宝座上;地上万民都要聚集在他面前。他要把他们分为两群， 好像牧羊人从山羊中把绵羊分别出来一样。(And before him shall be gathered all nations; and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the goats.)他要把 绵羊放在右边，山羊放在左边。然后，王要对在他右边的人说:„蒙我父亲赐福的人哪，你 们来吧～来承受从创世以来就为你们预备的国度。……?然后，王要对在他左边的人说:„走 开～受上帝诅咒的人哪，你们离开我吧～进到那为魔鬼和他的爪牙所预备永不熄灭的火里 去～……?” 由此，在英语中出现了一个成语separate the sheep from the goats，指明辨好坏，区分好人和 坏人，请看例句: 1. The need for workers was so keen that the employer did not take the time to separate the sheep from the goats. 由于急迫需要工人，雇主没有时间进行挑选。 2. This examination is intended to separate the sheep from the goats. 这次考试要区分程度的高低。 45、shake the dust from one's feet 抖掉脚上的尘土;愤然离去leave angrily or without any regret Matthew Whoever doesn't receive you, nor hear your words, as you go out of that house or that city, shake off the dust from your feet. Most assuredly I tell you, it will be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment than for that city. e.g. If he wants me to work for him, I'll jump at it! I'll be glad to shake the dust off this small town off my feet. 据《圣经?新约?马太福音》(Bible, New Testament，Matthew)第10章第1至15节记载:耶 稣?基督(Jesus Christ)把他的12门徒(Apostles)召集在一起，赐给他们驱鬼、治病的能 力，要他们到各地去宣讲福音，传播上帝的道。临行前，耶稣吩咐道:“不要到外邦人的地 区，也不要进撒马利亚(Samaritan)的城市。你们要到以色列人那些迷失的羔羊那里去， 所到的地方要宣讲:天国快实现了～你们要医治病人……钱袋里不要带金、银、铜币;…… 你们无论进哪一城，哪一村，都要打听那里谁是好人，就住在他家……凡不接待你们，不听 你们话的人，你们离开那家或是那城的时候，就把脚上的尘土跺下去。(And whosever shall not receive you, nor hear your words, when ye depart out of that house or city, shake off the dust of your feet.)我实在告诉你们，在审判的日子，所多玛和蛾摩拉(Sodom and Gomorrah因罪孽 深重而被上帝降下硫磺和火所灭)所遭受的惩法比那些地方所受的要轻些呢～” 据说，古代西方人与朋友决裂，怒气冲冲地走出房门，不仅要“摔门而去”，还要在房门口使 劲“跺跺脚”，，表示连一粒尘土也不愿带走。耶稣也说的“把脚上的尘土跺下去”也表达了相 同的意思，即与哪些“不接待你们，不听你们话的人”要“彻底决裂，断绝关系”、“轻蔑地离 去”，那些人将会收到上帝的惩法，比所得码和蛾摩拉所受的惩罚还要重。后来，在英语中， 人们用shake the dust off one's feet表示“愤然离去”、“轻蔑地离开”，请看例句: 1. Shaking the dust of that alien land off his feet, he returned to his homeland. 他愤然离开那异乡客地，回到了祖国。 2. I had lived in the town for four months and made no friends, so I decided to shake the dust off my feet and look for a job somewhere else. 我在这个城里已经住了4个月，但是一个朋友也没交上，因此，我决定离开这个城市，到别 的地方找个工作住下。 46、Sodom and Gomorrah: sinful places, the origin of sins 47、Spare the rod and spoil the child. 惜了棍棒，害了儿女;孩子不打不成器。spoil the child Proverbs 13:24 One who spares the rod hates his son, /But one who loves him is careful to discipline him. e.g. The British poet Samuel Butler, in his Hudibras, wrote that "Spare the rod and spoil the child." 《圣经?旧约?箴言》(Bible, Old Testament，Proverbs)通过一系列箴言(proverbs)陈述了 一些道德和宗教方面的教义，但她不只是一部说教书，而且还是关于人的行为规范的书，下 面这些箴言都来自《箴言》:不以外貌取人;白白地得来，也要白白地舍去;不要为明天忧 虑，因为明天自有明天的忧虑;智慧人的眼目光明;愚昧人在黑暗里行;吃素菜，彼此相爱， 强如吃肥牛，彼此相恨;相近的邻舍，强如远方的兄弟。 除此之外，《箴言》第13章第24节是关于怎样调教孩子的，上面说:“He that spareth his rod hateth his son; but he that loveth him chasteneth him betimes”，即“不忍用杖打儿子的，是恨 恶他;疼爱儿子的随时管教。”由此出现一句箴言:Spare the rod and spoil the child.即惜了棍 棒，害了儿女;不管不成器，棒头底出孝子。现实生活中，就有一些人，笃信这条“真理”， “不打不成器”，在教育孩子的问题要么狠打狠骂，要么放之任流，其实，这曲解了《圣经》 所要表达的含义。《圣经》里这一句话的意思就是:要随时管教好孩子，不可放任自流。这 里的rod并非指真的“棍棒”，只是表示“严厉的管教”。凡事不要操之过急，教育孩子需要时 间，需要选择方式，更需要言传身教。 请看例句: 1. He believed in sparing the rod and spoiling the child, but his son left home alone and never came back. 他相信“棒头底下出孝子”，但他儿子却离家出走，再也没有回来。 2. The real meaning of the proverb spare the rod spoil the child is that if you don't punish your son, you don't love him; if you do love him, you will correct him. 谚语“孩子不打不成器”的真正含义是:不管教孩子就是不爱他，如果你爱他，你要管教 他。 The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak 。 48、心灵固然愿意，肉体却软弱;心有余而力不足ability not equal to one?s ambition Matthew After the last supper, Jesus went to pray. When he came to the disciples, he found them sleeping, and said to Peter, "What, couldn't you watch with me for one hour? Watch and pray, that you don't enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak." e.g. I wish I could stop drinking, and the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak. 据《圣经?新约?马太福音》(Bible, New Testament，Matthew)第26章第36至46节记载: 耶 稣?基督(Jesus Christ)在与12门徒共进最后的晚餐(Last Supper)之后，他们唱了诗，往 橄榄山(the Mount of Olives)去，来到客西马尼园(Gethsemane)，耶稣对门徒说:“你们坐 在这里，等我祷告。”于是带着彼得(Peter)、雅各(Jacob)和约翰(John)同去。预感到 自己将死，耶稣心里非常难过，他对三个门徒说:“我心里难过得要命，你们在这里，等候 警醒。”耶稣稍往前走，俯伏在地，祷告上帝。等他回到三个门徒那里，发现他们都睡着了， 就对彼得说:“你们不能跟我一起警醒一个钟头吗,要警醒祷告，免得陷入迷惑。你们心灵 固然愿意，肉体却是软弱的。(And he (Jesus) cometh unto the disciples, and findeth them asleep, and saith unto Peter, what, could ye not watch with me one hour? Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation: the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.)” 当耶稣第三次祷告回来，见他们仍然睡着，就对他们说:“现在你们仍然睡觉安歇吧。时候 到了，人子(Son of Man指耶稣自己)被卖在罪人手里了。起来，我们走吧。看哪，卖我的 人近了～” 在英语中，人们用“The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.”来表示“心有余而力不足”、“力不 从心”，有时候，“the spirit is willing”和“the flesh is weak”可以单独使用。请看例句: 1. Sorry I can not give you the job. To tell you the truth, I am not the one who have the last word. The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 对不起，我不能给你这份工作。实话告诉你吧，这里不是我说了算，我这可真是力不从心哪。 2. I wish I could stop smoking; the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak. 但愿我能把烟戒掉，可是，思想上愿意，嘴巴跟不上。 49、still small voice 微弱的声音;良心的呼声。voice from the conscience Kings The King of Israel, Ahab, married a very licentious and cruel woman, Jjezebel, who worshipped the God of Baalim. In order to please her, Ahab built a temple for Baalim. They maltreated people and did a lot of evil things. Elijah accused Ahab under Yahweh's instruction and killed the prophet of Baalim. Jezebel hated him and swore to kill him, and Elijah had to flee. He hid himself in a cave. Yahweh passed by, and a great and strong wind tore the mountains, and broke in pieces the rocks before Yahweh; but Yahweh was not in the wind: and after the wind an earthquake; but Yahweh was not in the earthquake: 19:12and after the earthquake a fire; but Yahweh was not in the fire: and after the fire a still small voice. At this sound, Elijah knew that Yahweh was there, so he told Him the whole thing. 该语源于《圣经?旧约?列王传记》(Bible, Old Testament，Kings)第19章第1-18节。 以色列王亚哈(Ahab)娶了狠毒的女人耶洗别()为王后，她崇拜巴力神，亚哈为讨她的 欢心，建了巴力神庙。而且他们还违背上帝的旨意，虐待百姓，为所欲为。先知以利亚() 奉上帝之命斥责亚哈王，并且率众杀死了巴力的先知。耶洗别痛恨以利亚，想方设法杀死他， 以利亚被迫四处逃命。以利亚躲到一个山洞里，上帝从这里经过，顿时狂风大作，山崩石裂， 上帝却不在风中。风后地震，上帝不在其中。地震后有火，上帝也不在其中，或后有微小的 声音(And after the earthquake afire, but the Lord was not in the fire; after the fire a stll small voice.)。听着这微小的声音，以利亚知道上帝在此，便向他讲述情由。 据此，英语里用“still small voice”(微弱的声音)用表示“良心的呼声。”如: Everyone was encouaging me to hit him, but a still small voice warned me not to. 人人都怂恿我去揍他，但我的良心警告我不要这样做。 英国小说家史蒂文生(Robert Louis Stevenson, 1850-1894)在《失事船只》(The Wrecker) 中有这样的描写: Of course, I am wholly modern in sentiment, and think nothing more noble than to publish people?s private afffais at so much a line. They like it and if they don?t, they ought to. But a stll small voice keeps telling me they will not like it always, and perhaps not always stand it. (当然，我在思想感情方面是完全现代化的，所以我认为写文章揭露人家的隐私，每行取得 若干稿费是高尚的事情。他们对此表示欢迎，如果不喜欢也应该喜欢。但我的良心一直在告 诉我，他们不会永远欢迎这个，甚至不会永远容忍这个。) 50、tower of Babel巴别塔;空中楼阁;空想的计划。castles in the air 该语源于《圣经?旧约?创世纪》(Bible, Old Testament,Genesis)第11章第1,9节。 上帝用洪水灭世以后，幸存者诺亚(Noah)的子孙在地球上繁衍生息，人们都使用同一种 语言。后来，人们往东迁移时，在示拿(Shinar)见到一片平原，就住下来，他们说:“让 我们建造一座城和一座塔，塔顶通天，为要传扬我们的名，免得我们分散在大地上。”于是 人们开始热火朝天地干起来，塔越盖越高，塔顶直冲云霄。上帝对天使们说:“看哪，他们 成为一样的人民，都用一样的语言，如今既做起这事来，以后他们要做的事就没有不成功的 了。我们下去，在那里变乱他们的口音，使他们的语言彼此不通。”于是，建塔的人们语言 不通，彼此无法沟通，只好停工，各自离去。那没有建成的塔就叫“巴别塔(tower of B abel)”，在希伯来语中是“变乱”的意思。 现在，人们用“tower of Babel”(巴别塔)表示“空中楼阁;空想的计划”。如: 他这人只爱空谈，不喜欢干实事，所以他的计划全都落空了。 你一定要放弃游过直布罗陀海峡，那是不可能实现的。 51、voice (crying)in the wilderness 旷野里的呼声;无人响应的号召;无人理睬的改革者主 张。 reformer without any support; call without response Isaiah 40:3The voice of one who cries, Prepare you in the wilderness the way of Yahweh; make level in the desert a highway for our God. 40:4Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low; and the uneven shall be made level, and the rough places a plain: 40:5and the glory of Yahweh shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together; for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it. This is the voice of John, the Baptist, who preached repentance. e.g. He was a man who had some excellent ideas, but other men had greater influence in the company and he was just a voice crying in the wilderness. 据《圣经?旧约?以赛亚书》(Bible, Old Testament,Isaiah)第40章第3,5节记载，上帝对先 知以赛亚(Isaiah)说:“安抚我的子民，鼓励耶路撒冷民众，告诉他们，他们为犯下的罪已 受到了惩罚，现在罪已经被赦免。”于是，在旷野里有人喊道:“预备好耶和华的路，在沙漠 地为我们的主修建笔直的大道。一切山洼都要填满，大小山冈都要削平;崎岖不平之地要变 成平原……”(The voice of one in the wilderness, “Prepare the road of the lord; make straight in the desert a highway for our God. Every valley shall be exalted and every mountain and hill brought low; the crooked places shall be made straight and the rough places smooth”) 据此，英语里用“voice(crying)in the wilderness”(旷野里的呼声用)表示“无人响应的号召; 无人理睬的改革者”。如: 1. Mr. Hopkins is used to the view of others and chases the wind and catches at shadows in doing things, so he is the voice in the wilderness. 霍普金斯先生习惯于人云亦云，办起事来捕风捉影，所以他的主张没人相信。 2. He was a man who has some excellent ideas, but other men had greater influence in the company and he was just a voice crying in the wilderness. 他有一些很好的主张，但在公司里别人更有势力，所以他的主张是不受重视的 52、wash one's hands of: 洗手;洗手不干。break relationship with sth.; no longer do sth. 据《圣经?新约?马太福音》(Bible, New Testament，Matthew)第27章记载:耶稣?基督(Jesus Christ)被捕后，所有的祭祀长(chief priests)们和犹太人的长老商议，要处死耶稣，他们 把耶稣绑起来，解交罗马总督(the Roman governor)彼拉多(Pilate)。每逢逾越节(the Passover)，总督照惯例为群众释放一个他们所要的囚犯，刚好有一个出名的囚犯叫耶稣?巴 拉巴(Jesus Barabbas)，彼拉多开庭审断的时候，他的夫人派人来告诉他说:“那无辜者的事， 你不要管，因为我昨晚梦中为他吃尽苦头。”彼拉多本来认为耶稣?基督没有什么罪，就想释 放他，但祭祀长和长老唆使众人叫嚷一定要除掉基督。彼拉多问众人:“这两个耶稣，你们 要释放哪一个呢,”他们回答:“巴拉巴～”彼拉多又问:“那么，我该怎样处理那为基督的耶 稣呢,”他们都喊:“把他钉十字架～”彼拉多问:“他做了什么坏事呢,”他们更大声喊叫:“把 他钉十字架～”彼拉多看那情形，知道再说也没有用，反而可能激起暴动，就拿水在众人面 前洗手，说:“流这个人的血，罪不在我，你们自己承担吧～”(he took some water, washed his hands in front of the crowed, and said, "I'm not responsible for the death of this man! This is your doing!")众人异口同声地说:“这个人的血债由我们和我们的子孙承担～”彼拉多只好释放耶 稣?巴拉巴，又命令把耶稣?基督鞭打了，然后交给人去钉十字架。 由此可见，“wash sb's hand”表面意思是“洗手”，深层意思是“对某事不再负责”，此外，它还 表示“洗手不干某事”、“不再管某人或某事”、“和……断绝关系”。请看例句: 1. He washed his hands of the schemers. 他与那些阴谋家断绝关系了。 2. The lawyer washed his hands of the entire case as the client still refused to cooperate. 由于当事人仍然拒绝合作，律师干脆撒手不管这个案子了。 3. Harrison washed his hands of politics five years ago. 哈里森五年前就脱离政界了。